1
|
Schmitt KFM, do Amaral Junior AT, Kamphorst SH, Pinto VB, de Lima VJ, de Oliveira UA, Viana FN, Leite JT, Gomes LP, Silva JGDS, Lamêgo DL, Bernado WDP, de Souza GAR, de Almeida FA, de Souza Filho GA, Silveira V, Campostrini E. Decoding the effects of drought stress on popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) flowering combining proteomics and physiological analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108444. [PMID: 38382344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Under conditions of soil water limitation and adequate irrigation, we conducted an investigation into the growth dynamics, gas exchange performance, and proteomic profiles of two inbred popcorn lines-L71, characterized as drought-tolerant, and L61, identified as drought-sensitive. Our goal was to uncover the mechanisms associated with tolerance to soil water limitation during the flowering. The plants were cultivated until grain filling in a substrate composed of perlite and peat within 150cm long lysimeter, subjected to two water conditions (WC): i) irrigated (WW) at lysimeter capacity (LC - 100%), and ii) water-stressed (WS). Under WS conditions, the plants gradually reached 45% of LC and were maintained at this level for 10 days. Irrespective of the WC, L71 exhibited the highest values of dry biomass in both shoot and root systems, signifying its status as the most robust genotype. The imposed water limitation led to early senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and increased anthocyanin levels, with a more pronounced impact observed in L61. Traits related to gas exchange manifested differences between the lines only under WS conditions. A total of 1838 proteins were identified, with 169 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the tolerant line and 386 DAPs in the sensitive line. Notably, differences in energy metabolism, photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, and protein synthesis pathways were identified as the key distinctions between L71 and L61. Consequently, our findings offer valuable insights into the alterations in proteomic profiles associated with the adaptation to soil water limitation in popcorn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana.
| | - Vitor Batista Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB). Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Uéliton Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Nicácio Viana
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Jhean Torres Leite
- Pesquisador em Ciências agronômicas GDM Seeds, Porto Nacional, TO, 77500-000, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Peixoto Gomes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - José Gabriel de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Leal Lamêgo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Wallace de Paula Bernado
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Astolpho de Almeida
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídes, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gu L, Mu X, Qi J, Tang B, Zhen W, Xia L. Nitrogen reduction combined with ET c irrigation maintained summer maize yield and increased water and nitrogen use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1180734. [PMID: 37426974 PMCID: PMC10324978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1180734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction High rainfall and excessive urea application are counterproductive to summer maize growth requirements and lower grain yield and water/nitrogen (N) use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine whether ETc irrigation based on summer maize demand and reduced nitrogen rate in the Huang Huai Hai Plain increased water and nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing yield. Methods To achieve this, we conducted an experiment with four irrigation levels [ambient rainfall (I0) and 50% (I1), 75% (I2), and 100% (I3) of actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and four nitrogen rates [no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), recommended nitrogen rate of urea (NU), recommended nitrogen rate of blending controlled-release urea with conventional urea fertilizer (BCRF) (NC), and reduced nitrogen rate of BCRF (NR)] in 2016-2018. Results The results show that reduced irrigation and nitrogen rate reduced Fv/Fm, 13C-photosynthate, and nitrogen accumulation both in the kernel and plant. I3NC and I3NU accumulated higher 13C-photosynthate, nitrogen, and dry matter. However, 13C-photosynthate and nitrogen distribution to the kernel was decreased from I2 to I3 and was higher in BCRF than in urea. I2NC and I2NR promoted their distribution to the kernel, resulting in a higher harvest index. Compared with I3NU, I2NR increased root length density by 32.8% on average, maintaining considerable leaf Fv/Fm and obtaining similar kernel number and kernel weight. The higher root length density of I2NR of 40-60 cm promoted 13C-photosynthate and nitrogen distribution to the kernel and increased the harvest index. As a result, the water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency (NAUE) in I2NR increased by 20.5%-31.9% and 11.0%-38.0% than that in I3NU, respectively. Discussion Therefore, 75%ETc deficit irrigation and BCRF fertilizer with 80% nitrogen rate improved root length density, maintained leaf Fv/Fm in the milking stage, promoted 13C-photosynthate, and distributed nitrogen to the kernel, ultimately providing a higher WUE and NAUE without significantly reducing grain yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyuan Mu
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianshuang Qi
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baojun Tang
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Laikun Xia
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos TDO, Amaral Junior ATD, Bispo RB, Bernado WDP, Simão BR, de Lima VJ, Freitas MSM, Mora-Poblete F, Trindade RDS, Kamphorst SH, Pereira Rodrigues W, Campostrini E, Nicácio Viana F, Cruz CD. Exploring the Potential of Heterosis to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Popcorn Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112135. [PMID: 37299114 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is crucial for plant growth and development, and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a viable strategy for reducing dependence on nitrogen inputs and promoting sustainability. While the benefits of heterosis in corn are well known, the physiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in popcorn are less understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of heterosis on growth and physiological traits in four popcorn lines and their hybrids under two contrasting nitrogen conditions. We evaluated morpho-agronomic and physiological traits such as leaf pigments, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and leaf gas exchange. Components associated with NUE were also evaluated. N deprivation caused reductions of up to 65% in terms of plant architecture, 37% in terms of leaf pigments, and 42% in terms of photosynthesis-related traits. Heterosis had significant effects on growth traits, NUE, and foliar pigments, particularly under low soil nitrogen conditions. N-utilization efficiency was found to be the mechanism favoring superior hybrid performance for NUE. Non-additive genetic effects were predominant in controlling the studied traits, indicating that exploring heterosis is the most effective strategy for obtaining superior hybrids to promote NUE. The findings are relevant and beneficial for agro farmers seeking sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop productivity through the optimization of nitrogen utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talles de Oliveira Santos
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire Barboza Bispo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facilities, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA
| | - Wallace de Paula Bernado
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rohem Simão
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas
- Plant Science Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Science and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Roberto Dos Santos Trindade
- National Research Center for Maize and Sorghum, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, MG-424 Highway, Km 45, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Weverton Pereira Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Naturais e Letras, Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão (UEMASUL), Estreito 65975-000, MA, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nicácio Viana
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cosme Damião Cruz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Li L, Liu N, Liu Z, Lu Y, Shao L. Balanced below- and above-ground growth improved yield and water productivity by cultivar renewal for winter wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022023. [PMID: 36388545 PMCID: PMC9659963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Breeding cultivars that can maintain high production and water productivity (WP) under various growing conditions would be important for mitigating freshwater shortage problems. Experiments were carried out to assess the changes in yield and WP of different cultivars by breeding and traits related to the changes using tubes with 1.05 m depth and 19.2 cm inner diameter buried in the field located in the North China Plain. Six winter wheat cultivars released from the 1970s to 2010s were assessed under three water levels for three seasons. The results indicated that yield was on average improved by 19.9% and WP by 21.5% under the three water levels for the three seasons for the cultivar released in the 2010s as compared with that released in the 1970s. The performance of the six cultivars was relatively stable across the experimental duration. The improvement in yield was mainly attributed to the maintenance of higher photosynthetic capacity during the reproductive growth stage and greater above-ground biomass accumulation. These improvements were larger under wet conditions than that under dry conditions, indicating that the yield potential was increased by cultivar renewal. Traits related to yield and WP improvements included the increased harvest index and reduced root: shoot ratio. New cultivars reduced the redundancy in root proliferation in the topsoil layer, which did not compromise the efficient utilization of soil moisture but reduced the metabolic input in root growth. Balanced above- and below-ground growth resulted in a significant improvement in root efficiency at grain yield level up to 40% from the cultivars released in the 1970s to those recently released. The results from this study indicated that the improved efficiency in both the above- and below-parts played important roles in enhancing crop production and resource use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zimeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, The Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li PF, Ma BL, Guo S, Ding TT, Xiong YC. Bottom-up redistribution of biomass optimizes energy allocation, water use and yield formation in dryland wheat improvement. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3336-3349. [PMID: 34820841 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern wheat cultivars have been developed having distinct advantages in many aspects under drought stress, such as plasticity in biomass allocation and root system architecture. A better understanding of the biomass allocation mechanisms that enable modern wheat to achieve higher yields and yield-based water use efficiency (WUEg ) is essential for implementing best management strategies and identifying phenotypic traits for cultivar improvement. We systematically investigated the biomass allocation, morphological and physiological characteristics of three ploidy wheat genotypes under 80% and 50% field water-holding capacity (FC) conditions. Some crucial traits were also assessed in a complementary field experiment. RESULTS The diploid and tetraploid genotypes were found to allocate more biomass to the root system, especially roots in the topsoil under drought stress. Our data illustrated that lower WUEg and yield of these old genotypes were due to excessive investment in the root system, which was associated with severely restricted canopy development. Modern hexaploid genotypes were found to allocate smaller biomass to roots and larger biomass to shoots. This not only ensured the necessary water uptake, but also allowed the plant to distribute more assimilates and limited water to the shoots. Therefore, the hexaploid genotypes have evolved a stable plant canopy structure to optimize WUEg and grain yield. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the biomass shift from below ground to above ground or a more balanced root:shoot ratio tended to optimize water use and yield of the modern cultivars. This discovery provides potential guidance for future dryland wheat breeding and sustainable management strategies. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Fang Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bao-Luo Ma
- Ottawa Research and development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sha Guo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Tong Ding
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang G, Fang Q, Peng S, Li Y. Genotypic variation of plant biomass under nitrogen deficiency is positively correlated with conservative economic traits in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2175-2189. [PMID: 34897456 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits, including leaf and root economic traits, are important for understanding the composition and function of ecosystems. However, plant functional traits of crop species and the relationships between them, and their responses to environmental variations are not fully understood. In the present study, the traits in the leaf and root economics spectrum (LES and RES) and plant biomass were investigated in 14 wheat genotypes grown with sufficient or limited nitrogen (N) supply. We found that N had significant impacts on the LES and RES traits and on the relationships among them. Our results generally supported the hypothesized LES, but did not support the RES or plant economics spectrum concept among wheat plants regardless of N treatment. More importantly, we found that more conservative leaf and root economic traits are beneficial for shoot biomass accumulation in wheat plants grown with limited N supply, and for the improvement in the tolerance of wheat to N stress. The data presented suggest that growth conditions should be accounted for when studying trait-to-trait relationships, and that more conservative resource use strategies could be used as promising targets for wheat breeding programs with limited N input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Colombo M, Roumet P, Salon C, Jeudy C, Lamboeuf M, Lafarge S, Dumas AV, Dubreuil P, Ngo W, Derepas B, Beauchêne K, Allard V, Le Gouis J, Rincent R. Genetic Analysis of Platform-Phenotyped Root System Architecture of Bread and Durum Wheat in Relation to Agronomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853601. [PMID: 35401645 PMCID: PMC8992431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake but are rarely the direct target of breeding efforts. To characterize the genetic variability of wheat root architecture, the root and shoot traits of 200 durum and 715 bread wheat varieties were measured at a young stage on a high-throughput phenotyping platform. Heritability of platform traits ranged from 0.40 for root biomass in durum wheat to 0.82 for the number of tillers. Field phenotyping data for yield components and SNP genotyping were already available for all the genotypes. Taking differences in earliness into account, several significant correlations between root traits and field agronomic performances were found, suggesting that plants investing more resources in roots in some stressed environments favored water and nutrient uptake, with improved wheat yield. We identified 100 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) of root traits in the bread wheat panels and 34 in the durum wheat panel. Most colocalized with QTLs of traits measured in field conditions, including yield components and earliness for bread wheat, but only in a few environments. Stress and climatic indicators explained the differential effect of some platform QTLs on yield, which was positive, null, or negative depending on the environmental conditions. Modern breeding has led to deeper rooting but fewer seminal roots in bread wheat. The number of tillers has been increased in bread wheat, but decreased in durum wheat, and while the root-shoot ratio for bread wheat has remained stable, for durum wheat it has been increased. Breeding for root traits or designing ideotypes might help to maintain current yield while adapting to specific drought scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Colombo
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Christian Jeudy
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | - Mickael Lamboeuf
- Univ. Bourgogne, Agroecol Lab, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comte, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Wa Ngo
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brice Derepas
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Vincent Allard
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques Le Gouis
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Renaud Rincent
- INRAE-Universite Clermont-Auvergne, UMR 1095, GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- GQE-Le Moulon, INRAE, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Li M, Ni Z, Guan Q, Blackman BRK, Saiz E. Stimuli-responsive surfaces for switchable wettability and adhesion. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210162. [PMID: 34129792 PMCID: PMC8205534 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse unique surfaces exist in nature, e.g. lotus leaf, rose petal and rice leaf. They show similar contact angles but different adhesion properties. According to the different wettability and adhesion characteristics, this review reclassifies different contact states of droplets on surfaces. Inspired by the biological surfaces, smart artificial surfaces have been developed which respond to external stimuli and consequently switch between different states. Responsive surfaces driven by various stimuli, e.g. stretching, magnetic, photo, electric, temperature, humidity and pH, are discussed. Studies reporting on either atmospheric or underwater environments are discussed. The application of tailoring surface wettability and adhesion includes microfluidics/droplet manipulation, liquid transport and harvesting, water energy harvesting and flexible smart devices. Particular attention is placed on the horizontal comparison of smart surfaces with the same stimuli. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in this field are also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ming Li
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhongshi Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Qingwen Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bamber R. K. Blackman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brunel-Saldias N, Ferrio JP, Elazab A, Orellana M, del Pozo A. Root Architecture and Functional Traits of Spring Wheat Under Contrasting Water Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581140. [PMID: 33262777 PMCID: PMC7686047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat roots are known to play an important role in the yield performance under water-limited (WL) conditions. Three consecutive year trials (2015, 2016, and 2017) were conducted in a glasshouse in 160 cm length tubes on a set of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under contrasting water regimes (1) to assess genotypic variability in root weight density (RWD) distribution in the soil profile, biomass partitioning, and total water used; and (2) to determine the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of plant and soil water in order to evaluate the contribution of shallow and deep soil water to plant water uptake and the evaporative enrichment of these isotopes in the leaf as a surrogate for plant transpiration. In the 2015 trial under well-watered (WW) conditions, the aerial biomass (AB) was not significantly different among 15 wheat genotypes, while the total root biomass and the RWD distribution in the soil profile were significantly different. In the 2016 and 2017 trials, a subset of five genotypes from the 2015 trial was grown under WW and WL regimes. The water deficit significantly reduced AB only in 2016. The water regimes did not significantly affect the root biomass and root biomass distribution in the soil depths for both the 2016 and 2017 trials. The study results highlighted that under a WL regime, the production of thinner roots with low biomass is more beneficial for increasing the water uptake than the production of large thick roots. The models applied to estimate the relative contribution of the plant's primary water sources (shallow or deep soil water) showed large interindividual variability in soil, and plant water isotopic composition resulted in large uncertainties in the model estimates. On the other side, the combined information of root architecture and the leaf stable isotope signatures could explain plant water status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Brunel-Saldias
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Center of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Abdelhalim Elazab
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Massiel Orellana
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandro del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Plett DC, Ranathunge K, Melino VJ, Kuya N, Uga Y, Kronzucker HJ. The intersection of nitrogen nutrition and water use in plants: new paths toward improved crop productivity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4452-4468. [PMID: 32026944 PMCID: PMC7382376 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability limit crop productivity globally more than most other environmental factors. Plant availability of macronutrients such as nitrate is, to a large extent, regulated by the amount of water available in the soil, and, during drought episodes, crops can become simultaneously water and nitrogen limited. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between water and nitrogen transport in plants, from transpiration-driven mass flow in the soil to uptake by roots via membrane transporters and channels and transport to aerial organs. We discuss the roles of root architecture and of suberized hydrophobic root barriers governing apoplastic water and nitrogen movement into the vascular system. We also highlight the need to identify the signalling cascades regulating water and nitrogen transport, as well as the need for targeted physiological analyses of plant traits influencing water and nitrogen uptake. We further advocate for incorporation of new phenotyping technologies, breeding strategies, and agronomic practices to improve crop yield in water- and nitrogen-limited production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Plett
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia
| | - Vanessa J Melino
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Noriyuki Kuya
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Y, Zhang S, Chen W. Root traits of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5328. [PMID: 32210307 PMCID: PMC7093473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to dryland conditions that have been historically planted in Shaanxi Province, China, were grown in plots with irrigation and drought treatments during the growing seasons of 2010-2012 to characterize the changes in root system traits and water use efficiency during the replacement of cultivars. The results showed that the overall root size of dryland wheat cultivars in Shaanxi Province changed with the planting decade. Modern cultivars developed after the 2000s had larger root surface areas than older cultivars under the drought treatment, especially at soil depths of 0-40 cm. However, the total water consumption throughout the stages showed no obvious changes among cultivars. The yield significantly increased with the planting decade, and the water use efficiency showed an average increase of 47.07% from the earliest to the most recent studied cultivar. Water stress promoted larger root sizes than those found in the irrigation treatment, especially at maturity. A trend toward a lower stress susceptibility index was observed over the decades, indicating that the sizes of modern cultivar roots increased less in the drought treatment than in the irrigation treatment. Both the roots and yields of the landrace cultivar from the 1940s showed low sensitivity to drought and better adjustment between the different water conditions. The study revealed that (1) modern wheat cultivars in Shaanxi Province possess higher water use efficiencies and decreased drought resilience and (2) the selection of ideal root traits should consider stable yields under different water conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Shaanxi Province Land Reclamation Engineering Technology Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26# Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 26# Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation/School of Geography and Environment, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cousins OH, Garnett TP, Rasmussen A, Mooney SJ, Smernik RJ, Brien CJ, Cavagnaro TR. Variable water cycles have a greater impact on wheat growth and soil nitrogen response than constant watering. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110146. [PMID: 31779906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change models project that water availability will become more erratic in the future. With soil nitrogen (N) supply coupled to water availability, it is important to understand the combined effects of variable water and N supply on food crop plants (above- and below-ground). Here we present a study that precisely controls soil moisture and compares stable soil moisture contents with a controlled wetting-drying cycle. Our aim was to identify how changes in soil moisture and N concentration affect shoot-root biomass, N acquisition in wheat, and soil N cycling. Using a novel gravimetric platform allowing fine-scale control of soil moisture dynamics, a 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted on wheat plants subjected to three rates of N application (0, 25 and 75 mg N/kg soil) and three soil moisture regimes (two uniform treatments: 23.5 and 13% gravimetric moisture content (herein referred to as Well-watered and Reduced water, respectively), and a Variable treatment which cycled between the two). Plant biomass, soil N and microbial biomass carbon were measured at three developmental stages: tillering (Harvest 1), flowering (Harvest 2), and early grain milk development (Harvest 3). Reduced water supply encouraged root growth when combined with medium and high N. Plant growth was more responsive to N than the water treatments imposed, with a 15-fold increase in biomass between the high and no added N treatment plants. Both uniform soil water treatments resulted in similar plant biomass, while the Variable water treatment resulted in less biomass overall, suggesting wheat prefers consistency whether at a Well-watered or Reduced water level. Plants did not respond well to variable soil moisture, highlighting the need to understand plant adaptation and biomass allocation with resource limitation. This is particularly relevant to developing irrigation practices, but also in the design of water availability experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia H Cousins
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Trevor P Garnett
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ronald J Smernik
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Chris J Brien
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; The Plant Accelerator, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prodanovic V, Wang A, Deletic A. Assessing water retention and correlation to climate conditions of five plant species in greywater treating green walls. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115092. [PMID: 31557711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green walls are becoming a popular infrastructure choice in densely built urban environments, due to their multiple benefits. However, high and vastly variable water requirements of these systems are preventing their further widespread. Only a small number of studies have investigated water needs of green walls, even though this can help to design more optimal systems with increased benefits. Additionally, the knowledge on interactions between plant uptake and climate conditions (temperature and humidity) is lacking. The aim of this study was to understand daily water requirements of five plant species (C. appressa, N. obliterata, L. muscari, M. parvifolium and O. japonicus) used in greywater treating green walls, across different seasons, temperature, and humidity conditions of temperate-oceanic climate (common in parts of Australia, US and Europe). The results showed that during summer, dominant water uptake processes were plant uptake and transpiration, resulting in three to four times higher water needs than during winter, when evaporation is a major effect. Top levels of the multi-level green wall exhibited significantly higher plant activity compared to bottom levels, showing four times greater water uptake. Temperature and humidity changes during winter caused the change in water uptake of plants, pointing to different growing and activity patterns of tested plants. During summer only N. obliterata showed temperature and humidity dependence. Annual plant water uptake and other practical recommendations are given based on the results. Even though this study focused on water requirements of greywater treating green walls, its findings can also inform traditional green wall designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Prodanovic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Ankun Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo BB, Liu BC, He L, Wang YY, Feng W, Zhu YJ, Jiao NY, Wang CY, Guo TC. Root and nitrate-N distribution and optimization of N input in winter wheat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18018. [PMID: 31784655 PMCID: PMC6884565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific management of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has a significant effect on yield while also reducing the environmental risks. In this study, we conducted field experiments over three years at two different sites (Zhengzhou and Shangshui) in Henan Province, China, using different N application rates (0, 90,180, 270, and 360 kg ha-1) to determine the relationships between soil N supply and N demand in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Optimal N input was then determined. Both sites showed the same trend. Namely, aboveground N uptake and soil nitrate N (NO3--N) increased with increasing N, while NO3--N decreased with increasing soil depth, gradually moving downwards with growth. A significant correlation (p < 0.001) between increasing aboveground N uptake and increasing NO3--N was also observed under N application, with the best relationships occurring in the 20-60 cm layer during jointing-anthesis (R2 = 0.402-0.431) and the 20-80 cm layer at maturity (R2 = 0.474). Root weight density showed the same spatial-temporal characteristics as NO3--N, following a unimodal trend with increasing N, and peaking at 90 kg ha-1. The root weight density was mainly distributed in the 0-60 cm layer (above 80%), with the 20-60 cm layer accounting for 30% of the total root system. In this layer, the root weight density was also significantly positively correlated with aboveground N uptake. Wheat yield reached saturation under high N (>270 kg ha-1), with a sharp decrease in N use efficiency (NUE) and linear increase in residual NO3--N. To balance yield and the risk of environmental pollution in the experimental area, an N application rate of 180-270 kg ha-1 is recommended under sufficient irrigation, thereby supporting a well-developed root system while ensuring balance between N supply and demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Guo
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Cheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Yun-Ji Zhu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China.
| | - Nian-Yuan Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yang Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Cai Guo
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, #15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hajzler M, Klimešová J, Procházková P, Středa T. Genotypic Differences in Root System Size in White Mustard in Relation to Biomass Yield and Soil Nitrogen Content. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Wang Z, Xu W, Chen Z, Jia Z, Huang J, Wen Z, Chen Y, Xu B. Soil Moisture Availability at Early Growth Stages Strongly Affected Root Growth of Bothriochloa ischaemum When Mixed With Lespedeza davurica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1050. [PMID: 30131814 PMCID: PMC6090093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall is the main resource of soil moisture in the semiarid areas, and the altered rainfall pattern would greatly affect plant growth and development. Root morphological traits are critical for plant adaptation to changeable soil moisture. This study aimed to clarify how root morphological traits of Bothriochloa ischaemum (a C4 herbaceous species) and Lespedeza davurica (a C3 leguminous species) in response to variable soil moisture in their mixtures. The two species were co-cultivated in pots at seven mixture ratios under three soil water regimes [80% (HW), 60% (MW), and 40% (LW) of soil moisture field capacity (FC)]. At the jointing, flowering, and filling stages of B. ischaemum, the LW and MW treatments were rewatered to MW or HW, respectively. At the end of growth season, root morphological traits of two species were evaluated. Results showed that the root morphological response of B. ischaemum was more sensitive than that of L. davurica under rewatering. The total root length (TRL) and root surface area (RSA) of both species increased as their mixture ratio decreased, which suggested that mixed plantation of the two species would be beneficial for their own root growth. Among all treatments, the increase of root biomass (RB), TRL, and RSA reached the highest levels when soil water content increased from 40 to 80% FC at the jointing stage. Our results implied that species-specific response in root morphological traits to alternated rainfall pattern would greatly affect community structure, and large rainfall occurring at early growth stages would greatly increase their root growth in the semiarid environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Weizhou Xu
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Zhifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Bingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Wang L, Shangguan Z. Leaf Gas Exchange and Fluorescence of Two Winter Wheat Varieties in Response to Drought Stress and Nitrogen Supply. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165733. [PMID: 27802318 PMCID: PMC5089754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and nitrogen supply are the two primary factors limiting productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In our study, two winter wheat varieties, Xinong 979 and large-spike wheat, were evaluated for their physiological responses to different levels of nitrogen and water status during their seedling stage grown in a phytotron. Our results indicated that drought stress greatly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (Gs), but with a greater increase in instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE). At the meantime, the nitrogen (N) supply improved photosynthetic efficiency under water deficit. Parameters inferred from chlorophyll a measurements, i.e., photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the quantum yield of photosystemII(ΦPSII), and the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) decreased under water stress at all nitrogen levels and declined in N-deficient plants. The root-shoot ratio (R/S) increased slightly with water stress at a low N level; the smallest root-shoot ratio was found at a high N level and moderate drought stress treatment. These results suggest that an appropriate nitrogen supply may be necessary to enhance drought resistance in wheat by improving photosynthetic efficiency and relieving photoinhibition under drought stress. However, an excessive N supply had no effect on drought resistance, which even showed an adverse effect on plant growth. Comparing the two cultivars, Xinong 979 has a stronger drought resistance compared with large-spike wheat under N deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|