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Radosavljević M, Belović M, Cvetanović Kljakić A, Torbica A. Production, modification and degradation of fructans and fructooligosacharides by enzymes originated from plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131668. [PMID: 38649077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides exhibit numerous beneficial health effects but compounds belonging to FODMAP (Fermentable Oligo- Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols) has been recently connected to several gastrointestinal disorders. This review presents integrated literature data on the occurrence and types of fructans and fructooligosaccharids (classified as FODMAPs) as well as their degrading enzymes present in plants. Plants from the family Asteraceae and many monocotyledones, including families Poaceae and Liliaceae, are the most abundant sources of both fructans and fructan-degrading enzymes. So far, vast majority of publications concerning the application of these specific plants in production of bakery products is related to increase of dietary fibre content in these products. However, there is limited research on their effect on FODMAP content and fibre balance. The authors emphasize the possibility of application of enzyme rich plant extract in food production casting light on the new scientific approach to fibre modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Radosavljević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Miona Belović
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Torbica
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
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2
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López MG, Salomé-Abarca LF. The agavins (Agave carbohydrates) story. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121671. [PMID: 38171684 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans, are carbohydrates defined as fructose-based polymers with countable degree of polymerization (DP) ranging so far from DP3 to DP60. There are different types of fructans depending on their molecular arrangement. They are categorized as linear inulins and levans, neoseries of inulin and levan, branched graminans, and highly branched neofructans, so called agavins (Agave carbohydrates). It is worth to note that agavins are the most recently described type of fructans and they are also the most complex ones. The complexity of these carbohydrates is correlated to their various isomers and degree of polymerization range, which is correlated to their multifunctional application in industry and human health. Here, we narrate the story of the agavins' discovery. This included their chemical characterization, their benefits, biotechnological applications, and drawbacks over human health. Finally, a perspective of the study of agavins and their interactions with other metabolites through metabolomics is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes G López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico.
| | - Luis Francisco Salomé-Abarca
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
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3
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Cuéllar-Torres EA, Aguilera-Aguirre S, López-García UM, Hernández-Oñate MÁ, Montalvo-González E, Ortiz-Basurto RI, Vega-Arreguín J, Chacón-López A. Transcriptomic data exploring the effect of agave fructans on the induction of the defense system in avocado fruit. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293396. [PMID: 37883423 PMCID: PMC10602311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of 20% high degree polymerized agave fructans (HDPAF) on the induction of the defense system in avocado fruits was investigated by transcriptomic analysis at 1, 24 and 72 h after treatment, and the effect of HDPAF on respiration rate and ethylene production was also analyzed. Transcriptomic profiling revealed 5425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 55 of which were involved in the pathways related to plant defense response to pathogens. Key genes were associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, mitogen-activated protein signaling, plant hormone signaling, calcium ion signal decoding, and pathogenesis-related proteins. Dysregulated genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were also identified, and the reduction in ethylene production by HDPAF was corroborated by gas chromatography, where three days of delayed peak production was observed compared to that in water-treated fruits. These results help to understand the mechanism of induction of the avocado defense system by applying HDPAF and support the application of HDPAF as an efficient postharvest treatment to extend the shelf life of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | | | - Julio Vega-Arreguín
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Agrogenómicas and Laboratorio Nacional PlanTECC, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México
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Warren-Vega WM, Fonseca-Aguiñaga R, González-Gutiérrez LV, Romero-Cano LA. A critical review on the assessment of the quality and authenticity of Tequila by different analytical techniques: Recent advances and perspectives. Food Chem 2023; 408:135223. [PMID: 36535180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the authenticity and traceability of Tequila are determined in an inspection process carried out by the Tequila Regulatory Council. However, in recent years, the authorities have seized illegal alcoholic products that are marketed as Tequila without being so, making it necessary to strengthen the current methods of detecting counterfeiting and/or adulteration. Therefore, it is important to establish a review of the current analytical techniques that have been proposed to solve this problem. In this review, emphasis is placed on the analysis of the analytical techniques that have been used to consolidate a profile of authenticity and quality in Tequila, thus highlighting new auxiliary analytical techniques to the current verification process, establishing future validation opportunities in terms of international quality control. The use of isotopic ratios stands out as the most robust technique because it establishes the type of sugar source used and the maturation time of the manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Warren-Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Av. Patria 1201, C.P. 45129, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | - Rocío Fonseca-Aguiñaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Av. Patria 1201, C.P. 45129, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Isotopía, Consejo Regulador del Tequila A. C. Av. Patria 723, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45030, Mexico
| | - Linda V González-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro 76703, Mexico
| | - Luis A Romero-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Av. Patria 1201, C.P. 45129, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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5
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Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Actis GC. Modulation of the gut microbiota: opportunities and regulatory aspects. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:128-140. [PMID: 35179341 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is an intensively colonized organ containing microorganisms that can be health-promoting or pathogenic. This feature led to the development of functional foods aiming to fortify the former category at the expense of the latter. Since long, cultured products, including probiotics fortification, have been used for humans as live microbial feed additions. This review presents some of the microbes used as probiotics and discusses how supplementation with probiotics may help initiate and/or restore eubiotic composition of gut microbiota. Additionally, it considers safety and regulatory aspects of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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Fernández-Lainez C, Aan de Stegge M, Silva-Lagos LA, López-Velázquez G, de Vos P. β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) branched graminan-type fructans and β(2 → 1) linear fructans impact mucus-related and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in goblet cells and attenuate inflammatory responses in a fructan dependent fashion. Food Funct 2023; 14:1338-1348. [PMID: 36656019 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers such as fructans have beneficial effects on intestinal health but it is unknown whether they impact goblet cells (GCs). Here we studied the effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) and graminan-type fructans (GTFs) with different molecular weights on mucus- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes in intestinal GCs. To that end, GCs were incubated in the presence of ITFs or GTFs, or ITFs and GTFs + TNFα or the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (Tm). IL-8 production by GCs was studied as a marker of inflammation. Effects between ITFs and GTFs were compared. We found a beneficial impact of GTFs especially on the expression of RETNLB. GTF II protects from the TNFα-induced gene expression dysregulation of MUC2, TFF3, GAL3ST2, and CHST5. Also, all the studied fructans prevented Tm-induced dysregulation of GAL3ST2. Interestingly, only the short chain fructans ITF I and GTF I have anti-inflammatory properties on GCs. All the studied fructans except ITF I decreased the expression of the ER stress-related HSPA5 and XBP1. All these benefits were fructan-structure and chain length dependent. Our study contributes to a better understanding of chemical structure-dependent beneficial effects of ITFs and GTFs on gut barrier function, which could contribute to prevention of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Edificio D, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrthe Aan de Stegge
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Luis Alfredo Silva-Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Cuéllar-Torres EA, Aguilera-Aguirre S, del Carmen Bañuelos-González M, Xoca-Orozco LÁ, Ortiz-Basurto RI, Montalvo-González E, Vega-Arreguín J, Chacón-López MA. Postharvest application effect of agave fructans on anthracnose disease, defense-related enzyme activities, and quality attributes in avocado fruit. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1411-1421. [PMID: 36060563 PMCID: PMC9433478 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The postharvest application of high degree of polymerization agave fructans (HDPAF) was tested, evaluating anthracnose disease, defense-related enzyme activities, and quality attributes in avocado fruit. Application of a 20% HDPAF solution showed a reduction in anthracnose severity (60%) and incidence (34%) compared to the other concentrations evaluated and the water-treated control. Polyphenoloxidase activity increased 4.6 times more 24 h after treatment. In addition, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity was 4.34 and 1.7 times higher than the control at 0.5 h after treatment. HDPAF retrieves the deceleration of both firmness loss and physiological weight loss compared to the control. Regarding quality parameters such as color, pH, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity, no significant differences were observed between treatments compared to the control; therefore, these parameters were not negatively affected by HDPAF treatments, but a positive effect on the induction of the defense system is shown.
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Agave Fructans in Oaxaca’s Emblematic Specimens: Agave angustifolia Haw. and Agave potatorum Zucc. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141834. [PMID: 35890468 PMCID: PMC9319672 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul as raw material for producing tequila and obtaining prebiotics, there are other highly relevant Agave species in Mexico. Oaxaca contains a startlingly diverse range of Agave species; Agave angustifolia Haw. and Agave potatorum Zucc. are two classic specimens with great commercial potential. In this study, we examined the fructan fluctuation in these two species during their lifetime in the field (from 1 to 6 years old). First, we analyzed their morphological diversity based on vegetative characteristics. Subsequently, fructan extracts were analyzed by TLC, FT-IR, and HPAEC-PAD to identify carbohydrates. Multivariate analyses of the morphological parameters indicated a morphological divergence between the two species. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of simple carbohydrates and fructans, as well as the fructan DP, changed during plant development. Glucose, fructose, and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were more abundant in A. potatorum, while A. angustifolia showed a greater amount of sucrose and fructans with a high DP. Fructan DP heatmaps were constructed using HPAEC-PAD profiles—the heatmaps were very helpful for establishing an easy correlation between age and the carbohydrate types present in the fructan extracts. This study is an important contribution to the agave fructan knowledge of the Mexican agave diversity.
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Daniel MG, Mariano J GS, Olivia GA, Cesar GH, Bertha JF, Rosa Isela OB, Maribel RA, Rogelio FR, Marco MM, Stefan R, Sylvia S, Horacio B, Fidel MG. Prebiotic effect of fructans from Agave salmiana on probiotic lactic acid bacteria and in children as a supplement for malnutrition. Food Funct 2022; 13:4184-4193. [PMID: 35322820 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An imbalanced gut microbiota predisposes the development of nutritional disorders and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Several studies have shown improvements on the host's health by enhancing the microbiota with prebiotics that stimulate probiotic microorganisms. This study describes the prebiotic effect of fructans from Agave salmiana consumed by children as a supplement for malnutrition. We report the extraction and degree of polymerization of fructans from A. salmiana, food safety and inflammatory analyses, and their effect in vitro on probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These fructans were included in the diet of 5-year-old normal-weight and malnourished children in double-blind, two-week interventions that compared the effects on their weight, bacterial count, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The extracted powdered fructans from A. salmiana had a composition comparable to inulin, were safe for human consumption, and stimulated the growth in vitro of three characteristic LAB. The children who consumed these fructans had a considerable weight gain, an increased number of LAB, and a decreased concentration of VOCs (indicative of less dysbiosis), demonstrating positive effects of this prebiotic on their microbiota, which were more significant in malnourished children. Fructans from A. salmiana induced in malnourished children significant weight gain and improved the functionality of their gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garcia-Soto Mariano J
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico.
| | | | - Godinez-Hernandez Cesar
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Juarez-Flores Bertha
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Rodriguez-Aguilar Maribel
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Flores-Ramirez Rogelio
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Martinez-Martinez Marco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico.
| | - Ratering Stefan
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Schnell Sylvia
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Bach Horacio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martinez-Gutierrez Fidel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico. .,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Márquez-López RE, Loyola-Vargas VM, Santiago-García PA. Interaction between fructan metabolism and plant growth regulators. PLANTA 2022; 255:49. [PMID: 35084581 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of fructan to plant growth regulators is clearly more complicated than it looks and is likely related to differences between fructan molecules in size and structure as well as localization. Fructans are a complex group of carbohydrates composed mainly of fructose units linked to a sucrose molecule. Fructans are present in plants as heterogeneous mixtures with diverse molecular structures and mass, different polymerization degrees, and linkage types between fructosyl residues. Like sucrose, they are frequently stored in leaves and other organs, acting as carbohydrate reserves. Fructans are synthesized in the cell vacuole by fructosyltransferase enzymes and catabolized by fructan exohydrolase enzymes. Several publications have shown that fructan metabolism varies with the stage of plant development and in response to the environment. Recent studies have shown a correlation between plant growth regulators (PGR), fructan metabolism, and tolerance to drought and cold. PGR are compounds that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs. They play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to developmental and environmental signals. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date knowledge on the metabolism of fructans and their crosstalk with PGR signaling pathways. We identify areas that require more research to complete our understanding of the role of fructans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Márquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Araceli Santiago-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Acosta-Salazar E, Fonseca-Aguiñaga R, Warren-Vega WM, Zárate-Guzmán AI, Zárate-Navarro MA, Romero-Cano LA, Campos-Rodríguez A. Effect of Age of Agave tequilana Weber Blue Variety on Quality and Authenticity Parameters for the Tequila 100% Agave Silver Class: Evaluation at the Industrial Scale Level. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123103. [PMID: 34945653 PMCID: PMC8701365 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the oversupply and scarcity cycles of the Agave tequilana Weber blue variety, the effect of agave age (harvested in 4, 5, and 6 years) as raw material for the tequila 100% agave silver class was studied for each stage in a full-scale (industrial) process. Harvested plants showed differences in their morphological characteristics that affected the amount of juice; this had an impact in the fermentation stage since must composition was modified in the nitrogen content and juice/exudate ratio. This was noticed due to an increase in the production of higher alcohols attributed to the odd-chain fatty of the exudate, which affects n-propanol production. The characterization of the final product showed the feasibility to use agaves (less than 7 years) to produce the Tequila 100% agave silver class and to comply with the quality criteria. Furthermore, the final product was analyzed with the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass-spectrometry technique to determine its authenticity. The δ13CVPDB isotopic parameter (−13.40‰ in average) values show the type of plant used as a raw material for ethanol production, while the δ18OVSMOW (20.52‰ in average) isotopic parameter can be helpful in corroborating and ensuring the traceability of the product and the geographical location of the beverage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Acosta-Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (E.A.-S.); (M.A.Z.-N.)
| | - Rocío Fonseca-Aguiñaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (R.F.-A.); (W.M.W.-V.); (A.I.Z.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Isotopía, Consejo Regulador del Tequila A. C., Av. Patria 723, Zapopan 45030, Mexico
| | - Walter M. Warren-Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (R.F.-A.); (W.M.W.-V.); (A.I.Z.-G.)
| | - Ana I. Zárate-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (R.F.-A.); (W.M.W.-V.); (A.I.Z.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78060, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Zárate-Navarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (E.A.-S.); (M.A.Z.-N.)
| | - Luis A. Romero-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (R.F.-A.); (W.M.W.-V.); (A.I.Z.-G.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.-C.); (A.C.-R.)
| | - Armando Campos-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico; (E.A.-S.); (M.A.Z.-N.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.R.-C.); (A.C.-R.)
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12
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Mejía-Morales C, Rodríguez-Macías R, Salcedo-Pérez E, Zamora-Natera JF, Rodríguez-Zaragoza FA, Molina-Torres J, Délano-Frier JP, Zañudo-Hernández J. Contrasting Metabolic Fingerprints and Seed Protein Profiles of Cucurbita foetidissima and C. radicans Fruits from Feral Plants Sampled in Central Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112451. [PMID: 34834814 PMCID: PMC8617929 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita foetidissima and C. radicans are scarcely studied wild pumpkin species that grow in arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico and the United States. This study describes the morphological, proximal composition, metabolic finger-prints and seed protein profiles of C. foetidissima and C. radicans fruits collected in the wild during a one-year period in different locations of central-western Mexico. The results obtained complement the limited information concerning the fruit composition of C. foetidissima and greatly expand information in this respect regarding C. radicans. Morphology and proximal composition of their fruits varied significantly. Different metabolic fingerprints and seed protein profiles were detected between them and also with the chemical composition of domesticated Cucurbita fruits. The neutral lipids in seed, pulp and peels were rich in wax content and in unsaturated compounds, probably carotenoids and tocopherols, in addition to tri-, di- and mono-acylglycerols. The tri- and diacylglycerol profiles of their seed oils were different from commercial seed oils and between each other. They also showed unusual fatty acid compositions. Evidence of a possible alkaloid in the pulp and peel of both species was obtained in addition to several putative cucurbitacins. An abundance of phenolic acids was found in all fruit parts, whereas flavonoids were only detected in the peels. Unlike most cucurbits, globulins were not the main protein fraction in the seeds of C. radicans, whereas the non-structural carbohydrate and raffinose oligosaccharide content in their fruit parts was lower than in other wild cucurbit species. These results emphasize the significantly different chemical composition of these two marginally studied Cucurbita species, which was more discrepant in C. radicans, despite the notion regarding C. foetidissima as an aberrant species with no affinity to any other Cucurbita species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mejía-Morales
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (C.M.-M.); (F.A.R.-Z.)
| | - Ramón Rodríguez-Macías
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (R.R.-M.); (E.S.-P.); (J.F.Z.-N.)
| | - Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (R.R.-M.); (E.S.-P.); (J.F.Z.-N.)
| | - Juan Francisco Zamora-Natera
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (R.R.-M.); (E.S.-P.); (J.F.Z.-N.)
| | - Fabián Alejandro Rodríguez-Zaragoza
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (C.M.-M.); (F.A.R.-Z.)
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
| | - John Paul Délano-Frier
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
| | - Julia Zañudo-Hernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 44600, Mexico; (C.M.-M.); (F.A.R.-Z.)
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13
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Cisneros-Hernández I, Vargas-Ortiz E, Sánchez-Martínez ES, Martínez-Gallardo N, Soto González D, Délano-Frier JP. Highest Defoliation Tolerance in Amaranthus cruentus Plants at Panicle Development Is Associated With Sugar Starvation Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658977. [PMID: 34163500 PMCID: PMC8215675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Defoliation tolerance (DT) in Amaranthus cruentus is known to reach its apex at the panicle emergence (PE) phase and to decline to minimal levels at flowering (FL). In this study, defoliation-induced changes were recorded in the content of non-structural carbohydrates and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and in the expression and/or activity of sugar starvation response-associated genes in plants defoliated at different vegetative and reproductive stages. This strategy identified sugar-starvation-related factors that explained the opposite DT observed at these key developmental stages. Peak DT at PE was associated with increased cytosolic invertase (CI) activity in all organs and with the extensive induction of various class II trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes. Contrariwise, least DT at FL coincided with a sharp depletion of starch reserves and with sucrose (Suc) accumulation, in leaves and stems, the latter of which was consistent with very low levels of CI and vacuolar invertase activities that were not further modified by defoliation. Increased Suc suggested growth-inhibiting conditions associated with altered cytosolic Suc-to-hexose ratios in plants defoliated at FL. Augmented cell wall invertase activity in leaves and roots, probably acting in a regulatory rather than hydrolytic role, was also associated with minimal DT observed at FL. The widespread contrast in gene expression patterns in panicles also matched the opposite DT observed at PE and FL. These results reinforce the concept that a localized sugar starvation response caused by C partitioning is crucial for DT in grain amaranth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erandi Vargas-Ortiz
- Facultad de Agrobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - John Paul Délano-Frier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
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14
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Catenza KF, Donkor KK. Recent approaches for the quantitative analysis of functional oligosaccharides used in the food industry: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129416. [PMID: 33774226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides (OS) are diverse groups of carbohydrates that confer several health benefits stemming from their prebiotic activity. Commonly used oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, are used in a wide range of applications from food ingredients to mimic the prebiotic activity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in infant formula to sugar and fat replacers in dairy and bakery products. However, while consumption of these compounds is associated with several positive health effects, increased consumption can cause intestinal discomfort and aggravation of intestinal bowel syndrome symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop rapid and reliable techniques to quantify OS for quality control and proper assessment of their functionality in food and food products. The present review will focus on recent analytical techniques used to quantify OS in different matrices such as food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - K K Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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15
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Rivera-Aguilar JO, Calderón-Santoyo M, González-Cruz EM, Ramos-Hernández JA, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Encapsulation by Electrospraying of Anticancer Compounds from Jackfruit Extract ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam): Identification, Characterization and Antiproliferative Properties. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:523-531. [PMID: 32753023 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200804102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounds with biological activities had been reported in the jackfruit. These compounds are susceptible to structural changes such as isomerization and/or loss of bonds due to environmental factors. Then, the encapsulation for protecting is a necessary process. OBJECTIVE In this study, encapsulation of High-Value Biological Compounds (HVBC) was performed using High Degree of Polymerization Agave Fructans (HDPAF) and Whey Protein (WP) as encapsulating materials to preserve the biological properties of the HVBC. METHODS The extract was characterized by HPLC-MS in order to show the presence of compounds with preventive or therapeutic effects on chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer. The micrographs by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Analysis (TGA and DSC), photostabilization and antiproliferation of M12.C3.F6 cell line of capsules were evaluated. RESULTS The micrographs of the nanocapsules obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed spherical capsules with sizes between 700 and 800nm. No cracks, dents or deformations were observed. The Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) evidenced the decomposition of the unencapsulated extract ranging from 154 to 221°C. On the other hand, the fructan-whey protein mixture demonstrated that nanocapsules have a thermoprotective effect because the decomposition temperature of the encapsulated extract increased 32.1°C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) exhibited similar values of the glass transition temperature (Tg) between the capsules with and without extract; which indicates that the polymeric material does not interact with the extract compounds. The photoprotection study revealed that nanocapsules materials protect the jackfruit extract compounds from the UV radiation. Finally, the cell viability on the proliferation of M12.C3.F6 cell line was not affected by powder nanocapsules without jackfruit extract, indicating that capsules are not toxic for these cells. However, microcapsules with jackfruit extract (50μg/ml) were able to inhibit significantly the proliferation cells. CONCLUSION The encapsulation process provides thermoprotection and photostability, and the antiproliferative activity of HVBC from jackfruit extract was preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elda M González-Cruz
- Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico, Instituto Tecnologico de Tepic, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Peralta-García I, González-Muñoz F, Elena RAM, Sánchez-Flores A, López Munguía A. Evolution of Fructans in Aguamiel (Agave Sap) During the Plant Production Lifetime. Front Nutr 2020; 7:566950. [PMID: 33163505 PMCID: PMC7581979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.566950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aguamiel is the sap collected from agave, while pulque is the result of the natural fermentation of aguamiel. Despite its ancestral origin and numerous publications on pulque production, little is known about the evolution and concentration of sugars and fructo-oligosaccharides in aguamiel, either during its daily accumulation or through the agave production lifetime. In this study, we examined aguamiel composition in three agave plants during their productive lifetime (4 to 9 months). After each collection, the agave pine is scraped to induce aguamiel to flow into an internally created cavity (cajete), producing a residual bagasse (metzal). We found that the concentration of agave fructans and sucrose, as well as the fructan profile, change during the aguamiel production process. During the daily collection, a small amount of agave fructans released from the pine by scraping is drawn into the cajete with the first milliliters of sap where it is then diluted with the inflow of aguamiel. The main component of aguamiel is the sucrose produced in high concentration in the leaves through photosynthesis and then hydrolyzed in the cajete as aguamiel accumulates. We also describe how the fructan profile changes during the accumulation of aguamiel in the cajete. In addition to the varying amount of sucrose that is hydrolyzed in the aguamiel accumulated, we found that fructo-oligosaccharides are either diluted, consumed, or hydrolyzed, depending on the plant and its production stage, thus yielding different fructan profiles. New fructo-oligosaccharides are, in some cases, synthesized by bacteria present in aguamiel. These profiles were also observed in aguamiel collected from ten different plants in the same production region. We also found that a considerable amount of agave fructans is lost in metzal (bagasse), the agave material that is scraped and thrown away twice a day during the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Peralta-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Fernando González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Alegría María Elena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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17
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Brito TBN, Ferreira MSL, Fai AEC. Utilization of Agricultural By-products: Bioactive Properties and Technological Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1804930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. B. N. Brito
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - M. S. L Ferreira
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, School of Nutrition, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana E. C. Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
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18
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Sweet Immunity: The Effect of Exogenous Fructans on the Susceptibility of Apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) to Venturia inaequalis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165885. [PMID: 32824325 PMCID: PMC7461573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel, efficient and environmentally friendly strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), for the purpose of reducing overall pesticide use. Fructans are recently emerging as promising “priming” compounds, standing out for their safety and low production costs. The objective of this work was to test a fructan-triggered defense in the leaves of apple seedlings. It was demonstrated that exogenous leaf spraying can reduce the development of apple scab disease symptoms. When evaluated macroscopically and by V. inaequalis-specific qPCR, levan-treated leaves showed a significant reduction of sporulation and V. inaequalis DNA in comparison to mock- and inulin-treated leaves, comparable to the levels in fosetyl-aluminum-treated leaves. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of in vitro mycelial growth of V. inaequalis on plates supplemented with levans when compared to controls, indicating a direct inhibition of fungal growth. Variations in endogenous sugar contents in the leaves were followed during priming and subsequent infection, revealing complex dynamics as a function of time and leaf ontogeny. Our data are discussed in view of the present theories on sugar signaling and fructan-based immunity, identifying areas for future research and highlighting the potential use of fructans in apple scab management in orchards.
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19
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González-Cruz EM, Calderón-Santoyo M, Barros-Castillo JC, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Evaluation of biopolymers in the encapsulation by electrospraying of polyphenolic compounds extracted from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) variety Biloxi. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Aldrete-Herrera PI, López MG, Medina-Torres L, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA, Calderón-Santoyo M, González-Ávila M, Ortiz-Basurto RI. Physicochemical Composition and Apparent Degree of Polymerization of Fructans in Five Wild Agave Varieties: Potential Industrial Use. Foods 2019; 8:E404. [PMID: 31547254 PMCID: PMC6770228 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize fructan extracts from five wild agave varieties at three ages to identify their potential use in the food industry. Physicochemical parameters (solids soluble total and pH), sugar content and fructan distribution profiles by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) were evaluated. We found that the ages and variety influenced the carbohydrate content and also fructan dispersion. Two- to four-year-old plants exhibited the highest concentrations of free sugars and fructans, with a low apparent degree of polymerization (DPa) of ≤9 monomers, which highlights their potential use as prebiotics. Conversely, 10- to 12-year-old plants presented a low concentration of free sugars and fructans with a maximum DPa of 70 monomers, which can be used to obtain fractions with high, intermediate and low DPa. These fractions have a potential use in the food industry as prebiotic, soluble fibers, stabilizers and sweeteners, among others. The agave varieties Agave spp., Agave salmiana, and Agave atrovirens showed mainly fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). Due to the presence of these low molecular carbohydrates, prebiotics, fermented products and/or syrups could be obtained. A. salmiana spp. crassipina and Agave tequilana variety cenizo presented DPa ≤50 and DPa ≤70, respectively, which could be useful in the production of fructan fractions of different DPa. These fractions might be used as functional ingredients in the manufacture of a wide range of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela I Aldrete-Herrera
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595 Fracc. Lagos del Country, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Mercedes G López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Luis Medina-Torres
- Facultad de Química de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México city, Mexico.
| | - Juan A Ragazzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595 Fracc. Lagos del Country, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595 Fracc. Lagos del Country, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Marisela González-Ávila
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de La Normal, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Rosa I Ortiz-Basurto
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595 Fracc. Lagos del Country, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Tanno H, Fujii T, Ose R, Hirano K, Tochio T, Endo A. Characterization of fructooligosaccharide-degrading enzymes in human commensal Bifidobacterium longum and Anaerostipes caccae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:294-298. [PMID: 31420164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kestose and nystose are short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOSs) with degrees of polymerization of 3 and 4, respectively. A previous study revealed that these scFOSs have different growth stimulation properties against two human commensals, i.e. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and butyrogenic Anaerostipes caccae. The present study characterized genes involved in FOS metabolism in these organisms. A. caccae possesses a single gene cluster consisting of four genes, including a gene encoding the putative FOS degradation enzyme sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH). B. longum possesses two gene clusters consisting of three genes each, including genes encoding β-fructofuranosidase (CscA) and sucrose phosphorylase (ScrP). In A. caccae, the genes were highly transcribed in cells cultured with sucrose or kestose but poorly in cells cultured with glucose or nystose. Heterologously expressed S6PH degraded sucrose and kestose but not nystose. In B. longum, transcription of the genes was high in cells cultured with sucrose or kestose but was poor or not detected in cells cultured with glucose or nystose. Heterologously expressed CscA degraded sucrose, kestose and nystose, but ScrP degraded only sucrose. These data suggested that the different growth stimulation activities of kestose and nystose are due to different substrate specificities of FOS degradation enzymes in the organisms and/or induction activity of the genes in the two scFOSs. This is the first study characterizing the FOS metabolism at the transcriptional level and substrate-specificity of the degradation enzyme in butyrogenic human gut anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujii
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Riichi Ose
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hirano
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, 478-0046, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan.
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22
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González-Rodríguez T, Cisneros-Hernández I, Acosta Bayona J, Ramírez-Chavez E, Martínez-Gallardo N, Mellado-Mojica E, López-Pérez MG, Molina-Torres J, Délano-Frier J. Identification of Factors Linked to Higher Water-Deficit Stress Tolerance in Amaranthus hypochondriacus Compared to Other Grain Amaranths and A. hybridus, Their Shared Ancestor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E239. [PMID: 31336665 PMCID: PMC6681232 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit stress (WDS)-tolerance in grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, A. cruentus and A. caudatus), and A. hybridus, their presumed shared ancestor, was examined. A. hypochondriacus was the most WDS-tolerant species, a trait that correlated with an enhanced osmotic adjustment (OA), a stronger expression of abscisic acid (ABA) marker genes and a more robust sugar starvation response (SSR). Superior OA was supported by higher basal hexose (Hex) levels and high Hex/sucrose (Suc) ratios in A. hypochondriacus roots, which were further increased during WDS. This coincided with increased invertase, amylase and sucrose synthase activities and a strong depletion of the starch reserves in leaves and roots. The OA was complemented by the higher accumulation of proline, raffinose, and other probable raffinose-family oligosaccharides of unknown structure in leaves and/or roots. The latter coincided with a stronger expression of Galactinol synthase 1 and Raffinose synthase in leaves. Increased SnRK1 activity and expression levels of the class II AhTPS9 and AhTPS11 trehalose phosphate synthase genes, recognized as part of the SSR network in Arabidopsis, were induced in roots of stressed A. hypochondriacus. It is concluded that these physiological modifications improved WDS in A. hypochondriacus by raising its water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzitziki González-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ismael Cisneros-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Acosta Bayona
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ramírez-Chavez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Norma Martínez-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Erika Mellado-Mojica
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G López-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - John Délano-Frier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N., Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 del Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Tarkowski ŁP, Van de Poel B, Höfte M, Van den Ende W. Sweet Immunity: Inulin Boosts Resistance of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) against Grey Mold ( Botrytis cinerea) in an Ethylene-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1052. [PMID: 30823420 PMCID: PMC6429215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "Sweet Immunity" postulates that sugar metabolism and signaling influence plant immune networks. In this study, we tested the potential of commercially available inulin-type fructans to limit disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea in lettuce. Spraying mature lettuce leaves, with inulin-type fructans derived from burdock or chicory was as effective in reducing grey mold disease symptoms caused by Botrytis cinerea as spraying with oligogalacturonides (OGs). OGs are well-known defense elicitors in several plant species. Spraying with inulin and OGs induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and levels further increased upon pathogen infection. Inulin and OGs were no longer able to limit Botrytis infection when plants were treated with the ethylene signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), indicating that a functional ethylene signaling pathway is needed for the enhanced defense response. Soluble sugars accumulated in leaves primed with OGs, while 1-MCP treatment had an overall negative effect on the sucrose pool. Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a stress-associated non-proteinogenic amino acid and possible signaling compound, was observed in inulin-treated samples after infection and negatively affected by the 1-MCP treatment. We have demonstrated for the first time that commercially available inulin-type fructans and OGs can improve the defensive capacity of lettuce, an economically important species. We discuss our results in the context of a possible recognition of fructans as Damage or Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Paweł Tarkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, UGhent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Prebiotic Oligosaccharides: Special Focus on Fructooligosaccharides, Its Biosynthesis and Bioactivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:613-635. [PMID: 28948462 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial groups in the gut ecosystem play key role in the maintenance of host's metabolic and structural functionality. The gut microbiota enhances digestion processing, helps in digestion of complex substances, synthesizes beneficial bioactive compounds, enhances bioavailability of minerals, impedes growth of pathogenic microbes, and prevents various diseases. It is, therefore, desirable to have an adequate intake of prebiotic biomolecules, which promote favorable modulation of intestinal microflora. Prebiotics are non-digestible and chemically stable structures that significantly enhance growth and functionality of gut microflora. The non-digestible carbohydrate, mainly oligosaccharides, covers a major part of total available prebiotics as dietary additives. The review describes the types of prebiotic low molecular weight carbohydrates, i.e., oligosaccharides, their structure, biosynthesis, functionality, and applications, with a special focus given to fructooligosaccharides (FOSs). The review provides an update on enzymes executing hydrolytic and fructosyltransferase activities producing prebiotic FOS biomolecules, and future perspectives.
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