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Chin ST, Boughton BA, Gay MCL, Russell AC, Wang Y, Nambiar V, McHenry MP, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Loo RL. Unravelling inulin molecules in food sources using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-MRMS) pipeline. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114276. [PMID: 38609208 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Inulin, a polysaccharide characterized by a β-2,1 fructosyl-fructose structure terminating in a glucosyl moiety, is naturally present in plant roots and tubers. Current methods provide average degrees of polymerization (DP) but lack information on the distribution and absolute concentration of each DP. To address this limitation, a reproducible (CV < 10 %) high throughput (<2 min/sample) MALDI-MRMS approach capable of characterizing and quantifying inulin molecules in plants using matched-matrix consisting of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid butylamine salt (CHCA-BA), chicory inulin-12C and inulin-13C was developed. The method identified variation in chain lengths and concentration of inulin across various plant species. Globe artichoke hearts, yacón and elephant garlic yielded similar concentrations at 15.6 g/100 g dry weight (DW), 16.8 g/100 g DW and 17.7 g/100 g DW, respectively, for DP range between 9 and 22. In contrast, Jerusalem artichoke demonstrated the highest concentration (53.4 g/100 g DW) within the same DP ranges. Jerusalem artichoke (DPs 9-32) and globe artichoke (DPs 9-36) showed similar DP distributions, while yacón and elephant garlic displayed the narrowest and broadest DP ranges (DPs 9-19 and DPs 9-45, respectively). Additionally, qualitative measurement for all inulin across all plant samples was feasible using the peak intensities normalized to Inulin-13C, and showed that the ratio of yacón, elephant garlic and Jerusalem was approximately one, two and three times that of globe artichoke. This MALDI-MRMS approach provides comprehensive insights into the structure of inulin molecules, opening avenues for in-depth investigations into how DP and concentration of inulin influence gut health and the modulation of noncommunicable diseases, as well as shedding light on refining cultivation practices to elevate the beneficial health properties associated with specific DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tong Chin
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Berin A Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | | | - Alyce C Russell
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Yimin Wang
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Vimalnath Nambiar
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
| | | | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2NA, UK.
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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Condado Huerta MCC, Antunez-Mojica M, Martínez Plascencia H, Barrera Molina AI. [Agave fructanos promote in vitro biofilm formation with a probiotic consortium Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00021-X. [PMID: 38575495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years the relationship between the intestinal microbiota, the host and chronic non-communicable diseases has brought interest into the study of its formation and maintenance in the host. Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are Gram-positive bacteria with probiotic activity, which have been associated with many health benefits, such as decreased body fat mass and lower risk of type II diabetes mellitus. One of the main colonization mechanisms and bacteria survival strategies is the production of biofilms and the use of prebiotics as substrates to achieve a balance within intestinal microbiota. However, there is not enough evidence to demonstrate the biofilm formation in the presence of agave fructans (AF). This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the biofilm formation in a consortium of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus y Streptococcus thermophilus in the presence of AF at different concentrations: 0%, 0,1%, 4%, 8% y 16%. The addition of 0,1% of AF correlates with the best capacity for biofilm formation. The findings imply the possibility of modulating the biofilm formation of lactic acid bacteria with AF. These results can contribute positively to the host, by generating intestinal homeostasis, colonization resistance, stability to food digestion and chemical modifications of drugs and carry out beneficial functions to the health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayra Antunez-Mojica
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
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López MG, Salomé-Abarca LF. The agavins (Agave carbohydrates) story. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121671. [PMID: 38171684 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans, are carbohydrates defined as fructose-based polymers with countable degree of polymerization (DP) ranging so far from DP3 to DP60. There are different types of fructans depending on their molecular arrangement. They are categorized as linear inulins and levans, neoseries of inulin and levan, branched graminans, and highly branched neofructans, so called agavins (Agave carbohydrates). It is worth to note that agavins are the most recently described type of fructans and they are also the most complex ones. The complexity of these carbohydrates is correlated to their various isomers and degree of polymerization range, which is correlated to their multifunctional application in industry and human health. Here, we narrate the story of the agavins' discovery. This included their chemical characterization, their benefits, biotechnological applications, and drawbacks over human health. Finally, a perspective of the study of agavins and their interactions with other metabolites through metabolomics is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes G López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico.
| | - Luis Francisco Salomé-Abarca
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
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Nguyen TNH, Goux D, Follet-Gueye ML, Bernard S, Padel L, Vicré M, Prud'homme MP, Morvan-Bertrand A. Generation and characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies produced by immunizing mice with plant fructans: New tools for immunolocalization of β-(2 → 1) and β-(2 → 6) fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121682. [PMID: 38171691 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans are water-soluble polymers of fructose in which fructose units are linked by β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkages. In plants, they are synthesized in the vacuole but have also been reported in the apoplastic sap under abiotic stress suggesting that they are involved in plasmalemma protection and in plant-microbial interactions. However, the lack of fructan-specific antibodies currently prevents further study of their role and the associated mechanisms of action, which could be elucidated thanks to their immunolocalization. We report the production of two monoclonal antibodies (named BTM9H2 and BTM15A6) using mice immunization with antigenic compounds prepared from a mixture of plant inulins and levans conjugated to serum albumin. Their specificity towards fructans with β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkage has been demonstrated by immuno-dot blot tests on a wide range of carbohydrates. The two mAbs were used for immunocytolocalization of fructans by epifluorescence microscopy in various plant species. Fructan epitopes were specifically detected in fructan-accumulating plants, inside cells as well as on the surface of root tips, confirming both extracellular and intracellular localizations. The two mAbs provide new tools to identify the mechanism of extracellular fructan secretion and explore the roles of fructans in stress resistance and plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Hanh Nguyen
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, US EMerode, CMAbio(3), 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | | | - Maïté Vicré
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
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Moscatello S, Proietti S, Severoni A, Battistelli A. Simple procedure to enhance pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) response stability for inulin-type fructans analysis. Application to a case study with chicory taproot. Food Chem 2024; 430:136923. [PMID: 37517944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A new electrode management, within the HPAEC-PAD systems, was proposed to measure inulin-type fructans in chicory roots, grown under two lighting periods: 12 h (T-12 h) and 24 h continuous lighting (T-24 h-CL), with the same daily light integral (DLI). The amperometric cell turn-off (PAD-Off) after elution of carbohydrate of interest, allowed the stabilization of the PAD response, avoiding excessive electrode surface oxidation. The enhanced signal stability allowed the application of fucose as internal standard (ISTD) for data normalization, improving the correctness of linear calibration curves and the quantification of fructans in the case study of chicory plants. T-24 h-CL decreased FW and DW of chicory leaves while increasing these parameters in roots. Fructans amount in chicory roots was significantly higher in the T-24-CL photoperiod. The accuracy of prebiotics quantification by PAD-Off emphasized significant differences between light treatments. CL can improve the yield and quality of chicory roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy.
| | - Simona Proietti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy.
| | - Anna Severoni
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Strada Rivoltana, Rodano (MI) 20053, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Porano (TR) 05010, Italy
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Liang J, Wang WF, Zhang Y, Chai YQ, Li YG, Jiang SL, Zhu XH, Guo YL, Wei Z, Sun XZ, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Fructooligosaccharides and fructans from Platycodon grandiflorum: Structural characterization, lung-oriented guidance and targetability. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121457. [PMID: 37940316 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been widely applied as a conductant drug by ancient and modern traditional Chinese medicine practitioners during long-term clinical practice. However, determining how to guide other medicines to the targeted lungs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription remains unclear. An ethanol soluble fraction (Fr. B) was obtained by macroporous resin and 75 % ethanol precipitate. The components were unambiguously determined as fructooligosaccharides and small molecule weight (Mw) fructans according to HILIC-ESI--MS/MS, MS/MS and 1/2D NMR. We discovered that the Fr. B possesses the lung-oriented guidance and targetability by activating Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum (Golgi-ER) transport system. Rab21, a highly expressed transmembrane protein in the lungs, was found to be the core-affinity target of Fr. B which physically colocalized with the Golgi-ER and directly interacted with Rab21 to accelerate the uptake of extracellular therapeutic substances. The lung-oriented guidance and targetability of Fr. B was validated by the transient knockdown and overexpression of Rab21 considering dynamic observations of colocalization interactions among Fr. B, extracellular substances, and the Golgi-ER. Together, our results delineate a potential mechanism of Fr. B toward lung-oriented guidance and targetability via a direct targeting affinity of Rab21 and resulting collective stimulation of key Golgi-ER transport effectors for the acceleration of extracellular substances into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan-Qun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ya-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Si-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Ramírez-Pérez JI, Abud-Archila M, Ovando-Chacón SL, Soria-Guerra RE, Ruiz-Cabrera MA, Godínez-Hernández CI, Grajales-Lagunes A. Effect of coadministration of Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and linear/branched fructans mixtures on the intestinal health of Wistar rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125748. [PMID: 37429336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A completely randomized experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effect of the coadministration of Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans (Lpb. fabifermentans) and inulin/agave fructans mixtures on gut microbiota of healthy Wistar rats. Inulin, Agave salmiana fructans or fructan mixtures (1:1) at 12.5 % w/w, and Lpb. fabifermentans at 109 CFU/mL/day were used in the rats' diet for 35 days. Biochemical parameters, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), structural changes and the bacterial abundance in rats' cecum were evaluated. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels with fructan mixtures combined with Lpb. Fabifermentans was observed. The weight of the small and large intestines, and cecum was higher than the control; no changes were observed in the heart, liver, spleen and kidneys. SCFA concentration mainly, propionate and butyrate was improved (p < 0.05) throughout the gastrointestinal tract in all treatments. Finally, the administration of Lpb. fabifermentans alone or combined with the fructan mixtures promoted an increase in the abundance of cecum intestinal microbiota: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Butyricimonas, Coprococcus, Akkermansia, Methanobrevibacter, Adlercreutzia, Collinsella, Odoribacter, and Roseburia. The inclusion of fructan mixtures in combination with Lpb. fabifermentans could be a good alternative for the development of functional foods that enhance consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Ramírez-Pérez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carr. Panamericana km 1080, C.P. 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - M Abud-Archila
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carr. Panamericana km 1080, C.P. 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - S L Ovando-Chacón
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carr. Panamericana km 1080, C.P. 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - R E Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - M A Ruiz-Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - C I Godínez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair # 200, Col. del Llano, C.P. 78377 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - A Grajales-Lagunes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Chino de la Cruz CM, Cornejo-Granados F, Gallardo-Becerra L, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Ochoa-Leyva A, López Munguía A. Complete genome sequence and characterization of a novel Enterococcus faecium with probiotic potential isolated from the gut of Litopenaeus vannamei. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 36884014 PMCID: PMC10132076 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei, the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, is one of the most marketable species in aquaculture worldwide. However, it is susceptible to different infections causing considerable losses in production each year. Consequently, using prebiotics that promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and strengthen the immune system is a current strategy for disease control. In this study, we isolated two strains of E. faecium from the gut of L. vannamei fed with agavin-supplemented diets. These isolates showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus, most likely due to peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGH) activity. Furthermore, we sequenced the genome of one isolate. As a result, we observed three proteins related to the production of bacteriocins, a relevant trait for selecting probiotic strains since they can inhibit the invasion of potential pathogens. Additionally, the genome annotation showed genes related to the production of essential nutrients for the host. It lacked two of the most common factors associated with virulence in Enterococcus pathogenic strains (esp and hyl). Thus, this host-probiotic-derived strain has potential application not only in shrimp health but also in alternative aquatic environments, as it is adapted to coexist within the gut shrimp microbiota, independently of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Melissa Chino de la Cruz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62420 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luigui Gallardo-Becerra
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62420 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Av. Universidad #2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Adrian Ochoa-Leyva,
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62420 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Agustín López Munguía,
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Shao T, Chen Y, Gao X, Zhou Z, Long X, Rengel Z. Salt stress affects the biomass of industrial crop Jerusalem artichoke by affecting sugar transport and metabolism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14107. [PMID: 36915559 PMCID: PMC10006830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has strong resistance to abiotic stresses, salinity can still reduce the biomass of Jerusalem artichoke. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the differences in the development of Jerusalem artichoke and the dynamics of sugar throughout the growth period under high (7.23-8.15 g/kg) and low (3.20-4.32 g/kg) salinity stress in the field in Jiangsu Province, China. This study confirmed that high salinity promoted the conversion of reducing sugars to non-reducing sugars (fructans) in Jerusalem artichoke tubers, but significantly reduced the biomass of Jerusalem artichoke and advanced the peak time of the dry matter accumulation of aerial parts. In addition, in the early and late stages of tuberization, the total sugar content of tubers under low salinity conditions (786 ± 8 mg/g and 491 ± 8 mg/g) was 93.3% and 1.15 times than those under high salinity conditions, respectively. Moreover, the total sugar content in stems was consistently greater under high than low salinity conditions in the same period. The accumulation rate and the amount of dry matter were significantly higher in stems than in other tissues. Therefore, the aerial parts of "Nanyu No. 1" could be harvested before mid-to-early October, and the tubers after mid-November. This study revealed the internal reasons for the decreased yield of Jerusalem artichoke under salt stress, and provided theoretical basis and guidance for the cultivation and utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in saline-alkali soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongwen Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaosheng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Ávila-Fernández Á, Montiel S, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Caspeta L, López Munguía A. Simultaneous enzyme production, Levan-type FOS synthesis and sugar by-products elimination using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain expressing a levansucrase-endolevanase fusion enzyme. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36703199 PMCID: PMC9881289 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Levan-type fructooligosaccharides (L-FOS) have been shown to exhibit prebiotic properties, no efficient methods for their large-scale production have been proposed. One alternative relies on the simultaneous levan synthesis from sucrose, followed by endolevanase hydrolysis. For this purpose, several options have been described, particularly through the synthesis of the corresponding enzymes in recombinant Escherichia coli. Major drawbacks still consist in the requirement of GRAS microorganisms for enzyme production, but mainly, the elimination of glucose and fructose, the reaction by-products. RESULTS The expression of a fusion enzyme between Bacillus licheniformis endolevanase (LevB1) and B. subtilis levansucrase (SacB) in Pichia pastoris cultures, coupled with the simultaneous synthesis of L-FOS from sucrose and the elimination of the residual monosaccharides, in a single one-pot process was developed. The proof of concept at 250 mL flask-level, resulted in 8.62 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 12.83 gDCW of biomass, after 3 successive sucrose additions (30 g in total), that is a 28.7% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose) over a period of 288 h. At a 1.5 L bioreactor-level, growth considerably increased and, after 59 h and two sucrose additions, 72.9 g of monosaccharide-free L-FOS and 22.77 gDCW of biomass were obtained from a total of 160 g of sucrose fed, corresponding to a 45.5% yield (w L-FOS/w sucrose), 1.6 higher than the flask system. The L-FOS obtained at flask-level had a DP lower than 20 fructose units, while at bioreactor-level smaller oligosaccharides were obtained, with a DP lower than 10, as a consequence of the lower endolevanase activity in the flask-level. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here in a novel system, that P. pastoris cultures can simultaneously be used as comprehensive system to produce the enzyme and the enzymatic L-FOS synthesis with growth sustained by sucrose by-products. This system may be now the center of an optimization strategy for an efficient production of glucose and fructose free L-FOS, to make them available for their application as prebiotics. Besides, P. pastoris biomass also constitutes an interesting source of unicellular protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ávila-Fernández
- grid.441115.40000 0001 2293 8305Centro de Investigación, DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez No. 2838-A. Col. Tamulte ´, 86150 Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco Mexico
| | - Silvia Montiel
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Luis Caspeta
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Ingeniería Celular Y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Av. Universidad, 2001 Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. Mexico
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11
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Dosio GAA, Martínez-Noël GMA, García LA, Giorgi ME, Tognetti JA. Presence of inulin in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown under high irradiance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:638-642. [PMID: 36535103 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are important polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose which are present in about 12-15% of angiosperms. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered a non-fructan bearing plant even though its close relative, Helianthus tuberosus, accumulates the inulin type of the polymer in large amounts. Previous work suggested that putative fructan-synthesizing enzymes may be expressed in sunflower, but only very limited amounts of the trisaccharide isokestose were found in stems of plants storing high levels of sucrose due to capitulum removal. The present work is aimed at investigating whether intact sunflower plants may indeed synthesize fructans in any of its parts when grown in conditions that favor sucrose availability. Plants were grown in the field at a low density, resulting in a high light availability and low competition for resources, in comparison with controls (usual crop planting density). Plants were harvested at anthesis. Thinned treatment led to an increase in carbohydrates level especially in the capitulum. Carbohydrates analysis of this tissue in thinned plants revealed, for the first time in this species, the presence of inulin-type fructans. The amount of each member of the series appeared to decline starting from isokestose, being DP = 15 the longest fructan detected. Results suggest that, in sunflower, fructans could be synthesized only when sucrose availability exceeds a high threshold, which may not be attained under usual growing conditions. Given the relationship between fructans and tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought, the present finding opens a new perspective for breeding and management of this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A A Dosio
- Instituto de Innovación para el Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Agroenergético Sostenible (IIDEAGROS), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km 73,5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Giselle M A Martínez-Noël
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; INBIOTEC and FIBA, Vieytes 3103, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonela A García
- Instituto de Innovación para el Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Agroenergético Sostenible (IIDEAGROS), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km 73,5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Giorgi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorge A Tognetti
- Instituto de Innovación para el Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Agroenergético Sostenible (IIDEAGROS), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 km 73,5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina
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12
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Sosa-Herrera MG, Martínez-Padilla LP, Delgado-Reyes VA, de Avila Ortega MDLA, Cruz Martínez IP. Effect of agave fructans on xanthan rheology: Impact on sodium caseinate emulsion properties. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2858-2868. [PMID: 35703496 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of agave fructans (AF) (1-10%) and xanthan (from 0.03% to 0.25%) in combination with sodium caseinate (SC) at 1% on the rheological and physicochemical properties of aqueous phases and emulsions was evaluated. Steady-state flow behavior, particle size distribution, and stability studies were used to characterize the systems. The aqueous systems displayed the shear-thinning behavior characteristic of xanthan solutions; however, this behavior was modified by the presence of SC and AF due to interactions between AF-SC and AF-xanthan based on predominant hydrogen bonding because of the hydroxyl groups on AF. In emulsions, an increase in viscosity due to the effect of the AF concentration reflects a probable association of fructan aggregates on the surface of SC particles that reinforce the interfacial layer of SC, while xanthan contributes to an increase in the viscosity of the continuous phase, which effectively prevents coalescence and floc formation even at higher concentrations, despite the possible existence of a depletion flocculation effect attenuated by the interaction between AF-SC and AF-xanthan. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: These results can be of use, in an important way, in the design of stable functional emulsions in which there is an application for agave fructans recognized as dietary fiber, also considering their peculiar way of interacting with xanthan favoring its stabilizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irene Paulina Cruz Martínez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México
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13
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Castro-Garduño H, Flores-Merino MV, Bedolla-Barajas M, Domínguez-García MV. [Self-reported prevalence of fructan food hypersensitivity in university students from the State of Mexico]. Rev Alerg Mex 2022; 69:7-13. [PMID: 36927746 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i1.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the self-reported prevalence of fructans food hypersensitivity in a sample of Mexican university students and to investigate the most frequent symptoms, the related foods involved, risk factors and gastrointestinal function status. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a convenience sample of 412 university students aged from 18 to 35 years. Data were collected about their personal and family history of gastrointestinal diseases, the presence of symptoms after consumption of certain foods, and the severity of their symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of fructans food hypersensitivity was 31.1 %; it was higher in women than in men. The most frequent gastrointestinal symptoms were bloating and flatulence. The most frequent extra-intestinal symptoms were fatigue and stress. The food groups related to the occurrence of symptoms were legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Significant association was found between female sex, personal and family history of gastrointestinal diseases and the presence of fructans food hypersensitivity (p < 0.05). Most individuals with fructans food hypersensitivity had mild gastrointestinal dysfunction (67.2 %). CONCLUSIONS FFH is a common condition, it was found in one third of university students and occurs mainly in women. More research and diffusion about this pathology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helien Castro-Garduño
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina, Estado de México, México
| | - Miriam V Flores-Merino
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Estado de México, México
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Hertadi R, Permatasari NU, Ratnaningsih E. Box-Wilson Design for Optimization of in vitro Levan Production and Levan Application as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents. Iran Biomed J 2021; 25:202-12. [PMID: 33486911 PMCID: PMC8183386 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.25.3.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Levan or fructan, a polysaccharide of fructose, is widely used in various commercial industries. Levan could be produced by many organisms, including plants and bacteria. The cloning of the gene from Bacillus licheniformis, which expressed levansucrase in Escherichia coli host, was carried out successfully. In the present study, we performed the in vitro production of levan and analyzed its potential application as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Methods In vitro levan production catalyzed by heterologous-expressed levansucrase Lsbl-bk1 and Lsbl-bk2 was optimized with Box-Wilson design. The antibacterial activity of the produced levan was carried out using agar well diffusion method, while its antioxidant activity was tested by free radical scavenging assays. Results The optimum conditions for levan production were observed at 36 °C and pH 7 in 12% (w/v) sucrose for levansucrase Lsbl-bk1, while the optimum catalysis of levansucrase Lsbl-bk2 was obtained at 32 oC and pH 8 in the same sucrose concentration. The in vitro synthesized levan showed an antibacterial activity within a concentration range of 10-20% (w/v) against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The same levan was also able to inhibit the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with the antioxidant strength of 75% compared to ascorbic acid inhibition. Conclusion Our study, therefore, shows that the optimized heterologous expression of levansucrases encoded by Lsbl-bk1 and Lsbl-bk2 could open the way for industrial levan production as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukman Hertadi
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
| | - Nur Umriani Permatasari
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
| | - Enny Ratnaningsih
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
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15
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Moro TMA, T P S Clerici M. Burdock (Arctium lappa L) roots as a source of inulin-type fructans and other bioactive compounds: Current knowledge and future perspectives for food and non-food applications. Food Res Int 2021; 141:109889. [PMID: 33641945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roots and tubers of the Asteraceae family are known as a source of various oligosaccharides, and chicory roots and Jerusalem artichoke have stood out for its commercial viability. However burdock root (Arctium lappa L.), which is adapted to temperate climate, moist, and sandy soil, is still unknown as health food in the western world. This review showed the potential of burdock roots as a source of prebiotic fibers, chlorogenic acids, cinnarine, lignans, and quercetin. The extraction methods of burdock functional compounds are made with water, temperature and time variations only. Biological assays showed antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, and gastric mucosal defense mechanisms, among others. Therefore, the use of burdock roots as functional food should be encouraged in countries that have imported products derived from other roots of the same family for health benefits.
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16
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Rostami K, Bold J, Ismail Ali J, Parr A, Dieterich W, Zopf Y, Htoo A, Rostami-Nejad M, Danciu M. An algorithm for differentiating food antigen-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2021; 14:8-16. [PMID: 33868604 PMCID: PMC8035543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this clinical audit was to assess patient-reported outcomes on the effect of dietary intervention, to enhance our understanding of possible treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). BACKGROUND A large number of food-related gastro-intestinal disorders have been attributed to IBS for decades. METHODS Patient-reported outcomes from the records of 149 IBS patients treated at secondary and tertiary Gastroenterology outpatients in two UK hospitals between January 2014 and July 2016 were audited. Patients all presented with symptoms fulfilling Rome III-IV criteria for IBS had negative coeliac serology and did not have other gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. A modified version of a low FODMAP diet had been recommended (gluten and lactose free diet (G/LFD)) and was implemented for 6 weeks. Outcomes and dietary adherence were recorded during outpatient's consultations. RESULTS A total of 134 patients complied with the diet optimally. The majority had an improvement rate >70% and continued with the diet. Fifty-three percent became completely or almost asymptomatic, while 27.6% had a poor response to the diet (scoring < 30%) to G/LFD. The improvement was excellent in patients with normal BMI and good in overweight and obese and where BMI <18. Over 50% did not require any follow-up within 12 months. CONCLUSION Although it is unclear whether symptoms are triggered by gluten, fructans or lactose, elimination of gluten and lactose proved to be an effective treatment in patients with IBS. Multidisciplinary team management and implementation of detailed nutrition therapy using the audit algorithm might prove to be both cost effective and efficacious a treatment option in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, MidCentral DHB, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - Justine Bold
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff UK
| | - Jafer Ismail Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Walburga Dieterich
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Hector Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Hector Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Aung Htoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, MidCentral DHB, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center,Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Ispiryan L, Kuktaite R, Zannini E, Arendt EK. Fundamental study on changes in the FODMAP profile of cereals, pseudo-cereals, and pulses during the malting process. Food Chem 2020; 343:128549. [PMID: 33189480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains and pulses are rich in nutrients but often avoided by individuals with gastrointestinal disorders, due to high levels of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). This study investigated the impact of malting as delivery-system for endogenous enzymes. Malts from barley and wheat (naturally high in fructans), lentils and chickpeas (high in galactooligosaccharides), oat and buckwheat (low in FODMAPs) were produced. While barley and wheat malts had slightly elevated fructan-levels, in oat malt 0.8 g/100 g DM fructans were de novo synthesized. In lentils and chickpeas galactooligosaccharides diminished by 80-90%. Buckwheat did not contain any FODMAPs commonly investigated, but fagopyritols which may have a similar physiological effect. Also fagopyritols were degraded. While malted pulses and buckwheat are directly suitable for low FODMAP applications, using the combined approach of malting and fermentation, malted cereals could contribute to high nutritional values of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Ispiryan
- University College Cork, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College Road, Ireland.
| | - Ramune Kuktaite
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 101, SE- 23053 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- University College Cork, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College Road, Ireland.
| | - Elke K Arendt
- University College Cork, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College Road, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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Ignot-Gutiérrez A, Ortiz-Basurto RI, García-Barradas O, Díaz-Ramos DI, Jiménez-Fernández M. Physicochemical and functional properties of native and modified agave fructans by acylation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116529. [PMID: 32718633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Native agave fructans were modified by an acylation reaction with lauric acid. Native and modified fructans were characterized using NMR, FTIR and various physicochemical and functional properties at different pHs were evaluated. NMR and FTIR spectra demonstrated the incorporation of lauric acid in the molecular structure of fructans. Modified agave fructans exhibited a color, moisture and water activity similar to native fructans, but properties such as solubility, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity and foam capacity were significantly modified by the acylation reaction mainly when the samples were analyzed at different pHs. The thermogram of the acylated fructans evidenced significant changes in thermal properties when compared with native fructans and acylated fructans were able to form micellar aggregates. In general, modified fructans showed improved functional properties in comparison with native fructans representing an important opportunity to improve the functionality of the foods in which it is incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ignot-Gutiérrez
- Maestría en Ciencias Alimentarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - R I Ortiz-Basurto
- Lab. Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - O García-Barradas
- Unidad de Servicios de Apoyo en Resolución Analítica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - D I Díaz-Ramos
- Lab. Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - M Jiménez-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Acín Albiac M, Di Cagno R, Filannino P, Cantatore V, Gobbetti M. How fructophilic lactic acid bacteria may reduce the FODMAPs content in wheat-derived baked goods: a proof of concept. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:182. [PMID: 32943064 PMCID: PMC7499921 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FODMAPs (Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) intake is associated with the onset of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. FODMAPs in wheat-derived baked goods may be reduced via bioprocessing by endogenous enzymes and/or microbial fermentation. Because of the inherent enzyme activities, bread made by baker's yeast and sourdough may result in decreased levels of FODMAPs, whose values are, however, not enough low for people sensitive to FODMAPs. RESULTS Our study investigated the complementary capability of targeted commercial enzymes and metabolically strictly fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) to hydrolyze fructans and deplete fructose during wheat dough fermentation. FLAB strains displayed higher fructose consumption rate compared to conventional sourdough lactic acid bacteria. Fructose metabolism by FLAB was faster than glucose. The catabolism of mannitol with the goal of its reuse by FLAB was also investigated. Under sourdough conditions, higher fructans breakdown occurred in FLAB inoculated doughs compared to conventional sourdough bacteria. Preliminary trials allowed selecting Apilactobacillus kunkeei B23I and Fructobacillus fructosus MBIII5 as starter candidates, which were successfully applied in synergy with commercial invertase for low FODMAPs baking. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study clearly demonstrated the potential of selected strictly FLAB to strongly reduce FODMAPs in wheat dough, especially under liquid-dough and high oxygenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Acín Albiac
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Cantatore
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Nester K, Plazinski W. Conformational properties of inulin, levan and arabinan studied by molecular dynamics simulations. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116266. [PMID: 32475556 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, levan and arabinan are the polysaccharides that consist of exclusively furanose units. To date, their conformational features studied at the molecular scale have remained largely unexplained. To tackle this issue, we have performed a series of explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations, carried out within the furanose-dedicated force field. None of the polysaccharides exhibits a single, dominating structure type. Instead, they create a large number of separated conformational states originating from the intensive rotation around the φ and ω glycosidic angles. 21-helices are the preferential conformational forms for all compounds but they appear only locally, at the length of several consecutive residues. The flexibility of all three furanose-based polysaccharides is much greater in relation to the (1-4)-linked pyranose polysaccharides and is comparable to that of (1-6)-linked pyranoses. The dynamic geometries of both furanose rings and glycosidic linkages are nearly unchanged independently if considering them at the level of mono-, di- or polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Nester
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Plazinski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
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Bachmann M, Glatter M, Bochnia M, Wensch-Dorendorf M, Greef JM, Breves G, Zeyner A. In Vitro Gas Production from Batch Cultures of Stomach and Hindgut Digesta of Horses Adapted to a Prebiotic Dose of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulin. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 90:103020. [PMID: 32534784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin may modulate hindgut fermentation. It was tested if digesta batch cultures taken from horses adapted to FOS and inulin show different fermentation compared with such taken from nonsupplemented horses. Six horses received 0.15 g FOS and inulin/kg body weight/d via Jerusalem artichoke meal (JAM) upon a hay-based diet; six horses received corncob meal without grains (CMG) as placebo. The horses were euthanized after 20 days. Digesta samples were taken from stomach, cecum, ventral colon ascendens (VCA), and colon transversum (CT). Digesta batch cultures were incubated 48 hours to measure in vitro gas production as well as pre- and post-incubation pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). A distinct fermentation of the surplus of fructans present in the inoculum was found with JAM-adapted batch cultures. Gas production was accelerated in inoculated gastric contents of horses adapted to JAM compared with CMG adapted ones (7.8 vs. 16.4 hours to achieve half of the 48 hours gas quantity, respectively; P > .05). Although buffered, pH decreased during fermentation. Postincubation pH was lower with JAM than CMG-adapted batch cultures (P > .05). Preinoculation ORP was lower with stomach batch cultures adapted to CMG than with such adapted to JAM. The ORP increased twofold from pre- to post-incubation with the latter. Asymptotic maximal gas production decreased gradually using cecum, VCA, or CT digesta. Parts of FOS and inulin of digesta are fermented in the stomach, which reduce possible effects on hindgut fermentation. Elevated fermentation may considerably impact stomach health.
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Chittawatanarat K, Surawang S, Simapaisan P, Judprasong K. Jerusalem Artichoke Powder Mixed in Enteral Feeding for Patients Who have Diarrhea in Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Method of Preparation and a Pilot Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:1051-1056. [PMID: 33384510 PMCID: PMC7751032 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a tuber with high soluble fiber. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the method of preparation and pilot test this substance as an additive to enteral feeding. Materials and methods We processed Jerusalem artichoke into a 600 micrometers powder, tested its properties, and pilot tested its use in patients who had diarrhea (King's stool score ≥12) in a surgical intensive care unit. Two grams of Jerusalem artichoke powder were mixed in each 100 mL of hospital enteral feeding formula and administered for 5 days. Results Artichoke powder slightly increased the viscosity of enteral feeding formula. The dietary fiber content of the mixture was 20.8-21.6 g% and the content of fructans was 66.0-71.5 g%. In the pilot study in 11 patients, diarrhea was improved (diarrhea score < 12) in 7/11 (63.6%) patients by day 5. Improvement in diarrhea started on day 2 [median different diarrhea score (interquartile range): -4 (-8 to 0); p = 0.03] and peaked by days 4 and 5 [-7(-10 to -3); p < 0.01 and -8(-12 to -4); p < 0.01, respectively]. There were no complications during the study except three patients had a high gastric residual volume (>200 mL). Conclusion Processed powder of Jerusalem artichoke tuber has a high fiber content and increases viscosity of enteral feeding solutions only slightly. When administered as part of enteral nutrition to critically ill surgical patients, the diarrhea score improves in most patients. How to cite this article Chittawatanarat K, Surawang S, Simapaisan P, Judprasong K. Jerusalem Artichoke Powder Mixed in Enteral Feeding for Patients Who have Diarrhea in Surgical Intensive Care Unit: A Method of Preparation and a Pilot Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11):1051-1056.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suthat Surawang
- Department of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Simapaisan
- Department of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kunchit Judprasong
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Liu T, Burritt DJ, Oey I. Understanding the effect of Pulsed Electric Fields on multilayered solid plant foods: Bunching onions (Allium fistulosum) as a model system. Food Res Int 2019; 120:560-567. [PMID: 31000272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While it is well known that the nature of the applied electric field and the heterogeneity of the tissue can influence the impact of PEF treatment on the plant tissues found in plant-based foods, few studies have investigated the influence of PEF on plant structures that are made up of multiple structurally similar organs. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF), at different electric field strengths (0, 0.3, 0.7 and 1.2 kV/cm) and specific energy (7, 21 and 52 kJ/kg), on a multilayered plant material, with bunching onion bulb tissues being used as a model system. The present study found that carbohydrates leakage was an appropriate index to assess PEF induced damage and that plasmolysis of epidermal cells was a good indicator of plasma membrane integrity after PEF. In addition, electric field strength had a greater impact on the cell integrity than specific energy applied. While other studies have shown that different cell types have different sensitivities to PEF, using plasmolysis as an indicator of cell damage, this study clearly showed that the same PEF treatment conditions had a greater effect on the epidermal cells of the outer scales compared to the inner scales. Hence, while different plant cell types vary in their sensitivities to PEF the spatial location of the same cell type within a complex plant material made up of multiple similar organs, i.e. an onion bulb, can also influence how cells respond to the PEF treatment. Despite PEF induced disruption at the cellular level being detected by carbohydrate leakage, the epidermal cell plasmolysis test and by cryo-scanning electromicroscopy (cryo-SEM), no gross structural changes at the organ level were observed using cryo-SEM or fluorescence microscopy. This study also reports for the first time that PEF treatment can enhance fructan leakage from onion bulbs, which means that PEF treatments have the potential to manipulate the fructan contents of some plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David John Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Ohanenye I, Alamar M, Thompson A, Terry L. Fructans redistribution prior to sprouting in stored onion bulbs is a potential marker for dormancy break. Postharvest Biol Technol 2019; 149:221-234. [PMID: 30828134 PMCID: PMC6358120 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Continuous supply of high quality onion bulbs to meet year-round demand is dependent on maintaining dormancy and bulb quality during storage. Sprouting impacts negatively on the storage quality of onion bulbs. Ethylene supplementation has previously been revealed to inhibit sprout growth in stored onion bulbs. Fructans content, especially those at higher degree of polymerisation (DP), are reported to positively correlate with delayed sprouting. However, little is known about the impact of pre-harvest irrigation regimes on fructans accumulation and redistribution in relation to onion bulb dormancy and quality in store. Across two seasons, onion plants of cultivars 'Red Baron' and 'Sherpa' were subjected to full irrigation (FI) (100% replenishment of crop evapotranspiration) or deficit irrigation (DI) (50% of FI treatment) from bulb initiation to harvest. Bulbs were harvested at full maturity and stored at 1 °C for five months. Bulbs were treated with or without 1-MCP (1 μL L-1) for 24 h before storage under continuous ethylene supplementation (10 μL L-1) or air. DI had no effect on dormancy-break, sprout emergence, total fructans content and total sugar content. In contrast, ethylene delayed sprout emergence and suppressed sprout growth; added 1-MCP enhanced this effect. The concentration of DP3-8 fructans were higher in top and bottom sections compared to the baseplate. Before sprout emergence, fructans of DPs 7-8 were no longer present in the top and bottom wedges, while they accumulated in the baseplate; irrespective of pre- or postharvest treatments. This redistribution of fructans within the bulb suggested a transition in dormancy state and could be used as a predictive marker for sprouting in stored onion bulbs.
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Porras-Domínguez JR, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Miranda A, Alvarez Berber LP, Edmundo C, López Munguía A. Frucooligosaccharides purification: Complexing simple sugars with phenylboronic acid. Food Chem 2019; 285:204-212. [PMID: 30797336 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are currently obtained by enzymatic reaction with fructosyltransferases (FTFs) using sucrose as both donor and acceptor. In these reactions glucose results as the most abundant by-product, arising from each fructosyl transfer event and, together with fructose, because of the inherent hydrolytic activity of the FTFs. As FOS are mainly used as prebiotic in nutraceutical foods, the reduction or total elimination of monosaccharides is required. In this work the selective elimination of monosaccharides from a synthetic FOS mixture was achieved through the selective complexation of glucose and fructose with phenyl boronic acid (PBAc) followed by ethyl-acetate extraction. The process was applied to a complex mixture of FOS obtained in an enzymatic synthesis reaction containing 40% glucose, 15.8% fructose and 35% of FOS, elimination of the sugars was achieved through 3:1 molar reactions, resulting in a levan-type FOS product with 97% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R Porras-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Miranda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura Patricia Alvarez Berber
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Castillo Edmundo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C. P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Morreale F, Benavent-Gil Y, Rosell CM. Inulin enrichment of gluten free breads: Interaction between inulin and yeast. Food Chem 2019; 278:545-51. [PMID: 30583409 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inulin can improve the nutritional quality of gluten free (GF) bread and have a prebiotic activity. However, breadmaking might frustrate the enrichments efforts due to inulin loss. In this study we aimed at studying the inulin enrichment of GF bread. Two different yeasts [having normal (Y1) or reduced (Y2) invertase activity] were used to leaven the breads enriched with five marketed inulins, which differed for the degree of polymerization (DP) and the manufacturer. Inulin replaced 10% of the rice flour and had low, intermediate or high DP, which ranged from 2 to 20; ≈20; ≥20, respectively. Fructan hydrolysis occurred during leavening of Y1-GF breads, reaching losses up to 40% after baking, depending on the diverse DP of the inulin-forming fructans. Inulin loss was less relevant in Y2-GF breads (up to 5% after baking) than Y1-GF breads. Crumb texture was not negatively influenced by inulin presence, even if this was high (e.g., Y2-GF breads). Information collected within this study may provide further insight to better optimize a GF bread formulation in view of inulin enrichment.
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Topolska K, Radzki RP, Filipiak-Florkiewicz A, Florkiewicz A, Leszczyńska T, Cieślik E. Fructan-Enriched Diet Increases Bone Quality in Female Growing Rats at Calcium Deficiency. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:172-179. [PMID: 29748870 PMCID: PMC6096893 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding female rats with low-calcium diet containing one of three fructan sources (Jerusalem artichoke, yacon, Beneo Orafti Synergy1), on selected bone parameters. Growing Wistar rats were fed modified AIN-93 G diet enriched in fructan sources (8%), added alone or as a strawberry sorbet ingredient. Two of eight groups were a validation model, where the positive control group was fed with recommended calcium dose in the diet (RCD), and negative one - with low calcium diet (LCD). After 12 weeks, femoral Ca content, bone densitometry, architecture and hardness were examined. The positive effects on femoral Ca content and cortical thickness, area and content in distal part of bone was observed after feeding animals diet enriched in Jerusalem artichoke sorbet. Beneficial action on other bone tomographic parameters (particularly trabecular volumetric bone mineral density) in this part of femur were associated mainly with the consumption of the diet with sorbet containing yacon. Our results showed an important role of diet containing frozen strawberry desserts enriched in fructan sources in the maintenance of healthy bones of growing organism. It may suggest possible synergisms between fructans and bioactive substances of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Topolska
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Radosław Piotr Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipiak-Florkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Florkiewicz
- Department of Food Analysis and Quality Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Cieślik
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Padilla-Camberos E, Barragán-Álvarez CP, Diaz-Martinez NE, Rathod V, Flores-Fernández JM. Effects of Agave fructans (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) on Body Fat and Serum Lipids in Obesity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:34-39. [PMID: 29417384 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects millions of people worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with premature mortality. Agave fructans decrease fat mass, body and liver weight, and generate satiety in rodents. In the present study the effects of agave fructans on weight control, lipid profile, and physical tolerability were evaluated in obese people. Twenty-eight obese volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, 96 mg/bw of agave fructans was administered for 12 weeks; in the second group, maltodextrin as a placebo was administered for 12 weeks. All participants consumed a low-calorie diet of 1500 kcal/day. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. The body mass index (BMI) of the agave fructans treated group was reduced significantly from the baseline to the final measurements. Hip and waist circumferences decreased statistically in both groups. A decrease of 10% in total body fat was observed in the agave fructans treated group, resulting in a statistically significant difference in the final versus baseline measurements between the Agave fructans treated group and the placebo treated group. Triglycerides were reduced significantly in the agave fructans treated group. Glucose values did not change in either group. Agave fructans intake was safe and well tolerated throughout the study. The results showed that the ingestion of agave fructans enhanced the decrease in BMI, the decrease in total body fat, and the decrease in triglycerides in obese individuals who consume a low-calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, 44270, Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carla P Barragán-Álvarez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, 44270, Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nestor E Diaz-Martinez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Normalistas 800, 44270, Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vineet Rathod
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 474 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - José Miguel Flores-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 474 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- División de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias e Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero, Highway Toluca-Ixtapan de la Sal, Km 64.5, La Finca, 61763, Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico, Mexico.
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Staudacher HM, Lomer MCE, Farquharson FM, Louis P, Fava F, Franciosi E, Scholz M, Tuohy KM, Lindsay JO, Irving PM, Whelan K. A Diet Low in FODMAPs Reduces Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and A Probiotic Restores Bifidobacterium Species: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2017. [PMID: 28625832 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary restriction of fermentable carbohydrates (a low FODMAP diet) has been reported to reduce symptoms in some patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine its effects on symptoms and the fecal microbiota in patients with IBS. METHODS We performed a 2×2 factorial trial of 104 patients with IBS (18-65 years old), based on the Rome III criteria, at 2 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Patients were randomly assigned (blinded) to groups given counselling to follow a sham diet or diet low in FODMAPs for 4 weeks, along with a placebo or multistrain probiotic formulation, resulting in 4 groups (27 receiving sham diet/placebo, 26 receiving sham diet/probiotic, 24 receiving low FODMAP diet /placebo, and 27 receiving low FODMAP diet/probiotic). The sham diet restricted a similar number of staple and non-staple foods as the low FODMAP diet; the diets had similar degrees of difficulty to follow. Dietary counselling was given to patients in all groups and data on foods eaten and compliance were collected. The incidence and severity of 15 gastrointestinal symptoms and overall symptoms were measured daily for 7 days before the study period; along with stool frequency and consistency. At baseline, global and individual symptoms were measured, along with generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life, using standard scoring systems. All data were collected again at 4 weeks, and patients answered questions about adequate symptom relief. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks and analyzed by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The co-primary endpoints were adequate relief of symptoms and stool Bifidobacterium species abundance at 4 weeks. RESULTS There was no significant interaction between the interventions in adequate relief of symptoms (P = .52) or Bifidobacterium species (P = .68). In the intention-to-treat analysis, a higher proportion of patients in the low FODMAP diet had adequate symptom relief (57%) than in the sham diet group (38%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .051). In the per-protocol analysis, a significantly higher proportion of patients on the low FODMAP diet had adequate symptom relief (61%) than in the sham diet group (39%) (P = .042). Total mean IBS-Severity Scoring System score was significantly lower for patients on the low FODMAP diet (173 ± 95) than the sham diet (224 ± 89) (P = .001), but not different between those given probiotic (207 ± 98) or placebo (192 ± 93) (P = .721) Abundance of Bifidobacterium species was lower in fecal samples from patients on the low FODMAP diet (8.8 rRNA genes/g) than patients on the sham diet (9.2 rRNA genes/g) (P = .008), but higher in patients given probiotic (9.1 rRNA genes/g) than patients given placebo (8.8 rRNA genes/g) (P = .019). There was no effect of the low FODMAP diet on microbiota diversity in fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS In a placebo-controlled study of patients with IBS, a low FODMAP diet associates with adequate symptom relief and significantly reduced symptom scores compared with placebo. It is not clear whether changes resulted from collective FODMAP restriction or removal of a single component, such as lactose. Co-administration of the multistrain probiotic increased numbers of Bifidobacterium species, compared with placebo, and might be given to restore these bacteria to patients on a low FODMAP diet. Trial registration no: ISRCTN02275221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Maria Staudacher
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda C E Lomer
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Freda M Farquharson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Gut Health Group, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Louis
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Gut Health Group, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Fava
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Franciosi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Matthias Scholz
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Group, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Immunobiology, London, United Kingdom; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Irving
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Gastroenterology, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Tobaruela EDC, Santos ADO, Almeida-Muradian LBD, Araujo EDS, Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Application of dietary fiber method AOAC 2011.25 in fruit and comparison with AOAC 991.43 method. Food Chem 2016; 238:87-93. [PMID: 28867106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AOAC 2011.25 method enables the quantification of most of the dietary fiber (DF) components according to the definition proposed by Codex Alimentarius. This study aimed to compare the DF content in fruits analyzed by the AOAC 2011.25 and AOAC 991.43 methods. Plums (Prunus salicina), atemoyas (Annona x atemoya), jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and mature coconuts (Cocos nucifera) from different Brazilian regions (3 lots/fruit) were analyzed for DF, resistant starch, and fructans contents. The AOAC 2011.25 method was evaluated for precision, accuracy, and linearity in different food matrices and carbohydrate standards. The DF contents of plums, atemoyas, and jackfruits obtained by AOAC 2011.25 was higher than those obtained by AOAC 991.43 due to the presence of fructans. The DF content of mature coconuts obtained by the same methods did not present a significant difference. The AOAC 2011.25 method is recommended for fruits with considerable fructans content because it achieves more accurate values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de C Tobaruela
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Aline de O Santos
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Ligia B de Almeida-Muradian
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias da S Araujo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Franco M Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete W Menezes
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil.
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Márquez-Aguirre AL, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Padilla-Camberos E, González-Ávila M, Gálvez-Gastélum FJ, Díaz-Martínez NE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Fructans from Agave tequilana with a Lower Degree of Polymerization Prevent Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Liver Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2016; 71:416-421. [PMID: 27679439 PMCID: PMC5116042 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructans from agave have received specific attention because of their highly branched fructan content. We have previously reported that the degree of polymerization (dp) influences their biological activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unfractionated and fractionated fructans (higher and lower dps) from Agave tequilana in high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese mice. Fructans with a lower dp (HFD+ScF) decreased weight gain by 30 %, body fat mass by 51 %, hyperglycemia by 25 % and liver steatosis by 40 %. Interestingly, unfractionated fructans (HFD+F) decreased glucose and triglycerides (TG), whereas fractionated fructans with a higher dp (HFD+LcF) decreased TG but not glucose; in contrast, HFD+ScF decreased glucose but not TG. Our findings suggest that both higher and lower dp agave fructans have complementary effects in metabolic disorders related to obesity. These findings may contribute to the development of improved food supplements with a specific ratio combination of fructans with different dps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - R. M. Camacho-Ruíz
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Y. K. Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - E. Padilla-Camberos
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - M. González-Ávila
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - F. J. Gálvez-Gastélum
- Laboratorio de Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - N. E. Díaz-Martínez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - D. Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
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Cimini S, Di Paola L, Giuliani A, Ridolfi A, De Gara L. GH32 family activity: a topological approach through protein contact networks. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 92:401-410. [PMID: 27503472 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of Protein Contact Networks methodology allowed to highlight a novel response of border region between the two domains to substrate binding. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes that mainly hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. These enzymes are involved in many fundamental and diverse biological processes in plants. We have focused on the GH32 family, including enzymes very similar in both sequence and structure, each having however clear specificities of substrate preferences and kinetic properties. Structural and topological differences among proteins of the GH32 family have been here identified by means of an emerging approach (Protein Contact network, PCN) based on the formalization of 3D structures as contact networks among amino-acid residues. The PCN approach proved successful in both reconstructing the already known functional domains and in identifying the structural counterpart of the properties of GH32 enzymes, which remain uncertain, like their allosteric character. The main outcome of the study was the discovery of the activation upon binding of the border (cleft) region between the two domains. This reveals the allosteric nature of the enzymatic activity for all the analyzed forms in the GH32 family, a character yet to be highlighted in biochemical studies. Furthermore, we have been able to recognize a topological signature (graph energy) of the different affinity of the enzymes towards small and large substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ridolfi
- Unit of Chemical-physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Jurgoński A, Juśkiewicz J, Fotschki B, Kołodziejczyk K, Milala J, Kosmala M, Grzelak-Błaszczyk K, Markiewicz L. Metabolism of strawberry mono- and dimeric ellagitannins in rats fed a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:853-864. [PMID: 26689795 PMCID: PMC5334382 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with strawberry extracts rich in ETs and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the intestinal microbiota and the formation of bacterial metabolites in the distal intestine, as well as the absorption of ET metabolites and antioxidant status in rats. METHODS Rats were allocated into six groups of eight animals each and fed for 4 weeks with a control diet (group C), a control diet supplemented with FOS (group C + FOS) or modifications of these diets, in which a monomeric or dimeric ET-rich extract was added (groups ME and ME + FOS or DE and DE + FOS, respectively). RESULTS The extract addition, the FOS addition and their interaction significantly affected the total and selected bacterial counts in the caecal digesta (all P < 0.005). The total bacterial count was the highest in group C + FOS, lower in group DE and the lowest in group ME + FOS (10.6, 10.3 and 8.52 log cells/g, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). The total caecal content of ET metabolites was higher in the ME and ME + FOS group than in the DE and DE + FOS group, respectively (67.8 and 89.5 vs. 13.0 and 18.0 µg/g, respectively; P < 0.001). The total plasma concentration of ET metabolites was higher in the ME + FOS and DE + FOS group than in the ME group (248 and 281 vs. 8.13 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ETs of the monomeric ET-rich extract are more prone to intestinal breakdown than those of the dimeric ET-rich extract, and absorption of their metabolites can be increased by dietary FOS; however, together, they evoke strong antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzelak-Błaszczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Markiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Lacy BE. The Science, Evidence, and Practice of Dietary Interventions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1899-906. [PMID: 25769411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder that is characterized by symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea. The diagnosis can be made using Rome III criteria or published guidelines after taking a thoughtful history, excluding warning signs, and performing a careful physical examination. Limited testing (ie, complete blood count and C-reactive protein level) may be useful in appropriate patients. A number of pharmacologic options are available, although many patients fail to respond to pharmacologic therapy. Although several IBS diets frequently are recommended, data supporting their use are limited. This article provides a rationale as to why specific diets might improve IBS symptoms and evaluates published trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Lacy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
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Kooiker M, Drenth J, Glassop D, McIntyre CL, Xue GP. TaMYB13-1, a R2R3 MYB transcription factor, regulates the fructan synthetic pathway and contributes to enhanced fructan accumulation in bread wheat. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:3681-96. [PMID: 23873993 PMCID: PMC3745729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are the major component of temporary carbon reserve in the stem of temperate cereals, which is used for grain filling. Three families of fructosyltransferases are directly involved in fructan synthesis in the vacuole of Triticum aestivum. The regulatory network of the fructan synthetic pathway is largely unknown. Recently, a sucrose-upregulated wheat MYB transcription factor (TaMYB13-1) was shown to be capable of activating the promoter activities of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) in transient transactivation assays. This work investigated TaMYB13-1 target genes and their influence on fructan synthesis in transgenic wheat. TaMYB13-1 overexpression resulted in upregulation of all three families of fructosyltransferases including fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT). A γ-vacuolar processing enzyme (γ-VPE1), potentially involved in processing the maturation of fructosyltransferases in the vacuole, was also upregulated by TaMYB13-1 overexpression. Multiple TaMYB13 DNA-binding motifs were identified in the Ta1-FFT1 and Taγ-VPE1 promoters and were bound strongly by TaMYB13-1. The expression profiles of these target genes and TaMYB13-1 were highly correlated in recombinant inbred lines and during stem development as well as the transgenic and non-transgenic wheat dataset, further supporting a direct regulation of these genes by TaMYB13-1. TaMYB13-1 overexpression in wheat led to enhanced fructan accumulation in the leaves and stems and also increased spike weight and grain weight per spike in transgenic plants under water-limited conditions. These data suggest that TaMYB13-1 plays an important role in coordinated upregulation of genes necessary for fructan synthesis and can be used as a molecular tool to improve the high fructan trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Kooiker
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Janneke Drenth
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Donna Glassop
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - C. Lynne McIntyre
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4067, Australia
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Oliveira GO, Braga CP, Fernandes AA. Improvement of biochemical parameters in type 1 diabetic rats after the roots aqueous extract of yacon [Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.& Endl.)] treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:256-60. [PMID: 23770327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) (Poepp.& Endl.) on clinical parameters under diabetic conditions. The aqueous extract of yacon tuberous roots (YRAE; 0.76 g fructan kg⁻¹ body weight) was prepared at the moment of each administration. Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control group (C); group that received YRAE (Y); untreated diabetic group (DM1); and diabetic group treated with YRAE (Y-DM1). The diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg kg⁻¹ body weight). The animals from Y2 and Y-DM1 received YRAE by gavage, at 7-day intervals, for 30 days. The aqueous extract of yacon roots decreased (p<0.05) the water and food intake in diabetic rats (Y-DM1). YRAE treatment reduced (p<0.05) glycaemia, total cholesterol, VLDL-c, LDL-c and triacylglycerol levels in diabetic rats (YRAE). HDL, urea and creatinine levels did not differ (p>0.05) between the Y and Y-DM1 groups. YRAE normalised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, when comparing DM1 and Y-DM1 rats, but had no effect on lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH). In conclusion, YRAE was sufficient for controlling water and food consumption, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, and promote the reduction of the ALT, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect in rats with STZ-induced DM1.
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Johnson RJ, Rivard C, Lanaspa MA, Otabachian-Smith S, Ishimoto T, Cicerchi C, Cheeke PR, Macintosh B, Hess T. Fructokinase, Fructans, Intestinal Permeability, and Metabolic Syndrome: An Equine Connection? J Equine Vet Sci 2013; 33:120-126. [PMID: 23439477 PMCID: PMC3576823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructose is a simple sugar present in honey and fruit, but can also exist as a polymer (fructans) in pasture grasses. Mammals are unable to metabolize fructans, but certain gram positive bacteria contain fructanases and can convert fructans to fructose in the gut. Recent studies suggest that fructose generated from bacteria, or directly obtained from the diet, can induce both increased intestinal permeability and features of metabolic syndrome, especially the development of insulin resistance. The development of insulin resistance is driven in part by the metabolism of fructose by fructokinase C in the liver, which results in oxidative stress in the hepatocyte. Similarly, the metabolism of fructose in the small bowel by intestinal fructokinase may lead to increased intestinal permeability and endotoxemia. While speculative, these observations raise the possibility that the mechanism by which fructans induce laminitis could involve intestinal and hepatic fructokinase. Further studies are indicated to determine the role of fructanases, fructose and fructokinase in equine metabolic syndrome and laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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