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Grecco KD, Santos KR, Aragão FB, Galter IN, Lascola MB, Dos Santos SN, Trindade JL, Silva EZM, Fernandes MN, Matsumoto ST. Toxicogenetic, biochemical, and physiological effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim fungicides over Lactuca sativa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44036-44048. [PMID: 38922465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides are pesticides that are frequently used in agriculture because of their action against fungal diseases. However, the widespread application of pesticides around the world raises environmental and public health concerns, since these compounds are toxic and can pose risks to ecosystems and human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic, and biochemical effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim on Lactuca sativa L. and their physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris L. by analyzing the cell cycle and chromosomal and nuclear alterations in L. sativa; the biochemical effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris L. by analyzing the cell cycle and chromosomal and nuclear alterations in L. sativa; the biochemical effects by analyzing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in L. sativa; and the physiological effects by analyzing chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a fluorescence in P. vulgaris. It was observed that both fungicides were phytotoxic and cytotoxic, reducing root growth and the mitotic index, cytogenotoxic, increasing the occurrence of chromosomal alterations, as well as inducing oxidative stress and an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence emission and altered energy absorption in the plants used as a test system. In view of this, studies such as the one presented here indicate that the use of pesticides, even in small quantities, can lead to damage to the metabolism of plant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalia Dável Grecco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Kristian Rodolfo Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Francielen Barroso Aragão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Iasmini Nicoli Galter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Mylena Boeque Lascola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Sara Nascimento Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lima Trindade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Enzo Zini Moreira Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235 Monjolinho, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 Goiabeiras, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
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Nurzhanova AA, Mamirova A, Mursaliyeva V, Nurmagambetova AS, Zhumasheva Z, Turdiyev T, Kushnarenko S, Ismailova E. In Vitro Approbation of Microbial Preparations to Shield Fruit Crops from Fire Blight: Physio-Biochemical Parameters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1431. [PMID: 38891242 PMCID: PMC11174909 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The need for the increasing geographical spread of fire blight (FB) affecting fruit crops to be addressed led to large-scale chemicalization of the environmental matrices and reduction of plant productivity. The current study aimed to assess the effects of novel biopreparations at different exposure durations on photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of apple and pear varieties with varying levels of resistance to FB. Biopreparations were formulated from a cultural broth containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M12 or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB40 isolated from apple trees' phyllosphere. Aseptic leaves from blight-resistant (endemic Malus sieversii cv. KG10), moderately resistant (Pyrus pyraster cv. Wild), and susceptible (endangered Malus domestica cv. Aport and Pyrus communis cv. Shygys) varieties were employed. The impact of biopreparations on fruit crop antioxidant systems and photosynthetic apparatuses was investigated in vitro. Study results indicated that FB-resistant varieties exhibit enhanced adaptability and oxidative stress resistance compared to susceptible ones. Plant response to biopreparations varied based on the plant's initial FB sensitivity and exposure duration. Indeed, biopreparations improved the adaptive response of the assimilation apparatus, protein synthesis, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in susceptible varieties, suggesting that biopreparations have the potential for future commercialization to manage FB in fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asil A. Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Valentina Mursaliyeva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Asiya S. Nurmagambetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Zhadyra Zhumasheva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Timur Turdiyev
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Kushnarenko
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev 45, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (A.A.N.); (V.M.); (A.S.N.); (Z.Z.); (T.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Elvira Ismailova
- Scientific Production Centre of Microbiology and Virology, Bogenbai Batyr 105, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan;
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Varga I, Kristić M, Lisjak M, Tkalec Kojić M, Iljkić D, Jović J, Kristek S, Markulj Kulundžić A, Antunović M. Antioxidative Response and Phenolic Content of Young Industrial Hemp Leaves at Different Light and Mycorrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:840. [PMID: 38592854 PMCID: PMC10976054 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing presence of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and its multiple possibilities of use, the influence of different light and several biopreparations based on beneficial fungi and bacteria on hemp's morphological and physiological properties were examined. Different biopreparations and their combinations were inoculated on hemp seed and/or substrate and grown under blue and white light. A completely randomized block design was conducted in four replications within 30 days. For biopreparation treatment, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in combination with Azotobacter chroococum and Trichoderma spp. were inoculated only on seed or both on seed and in the substrate. Generally, the highest morphological parameters (stem, root and plant length) were recorded on plants in white light and on treatment with applied Trichoderma spp., both on seed and substrate. Blue light negatively affected biopreparation treatments, resulting in lower values of all morphological parameters compared to control. Leaves pigments were higher under blue light, as compared to the white light. At the same time, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), flavonoids, total flavanol content and phenolic acids were not influenced by light type. Biopreparation treatments did not significantly influence the leaves' pigments content (Chl a, Chl b and Car), nor the phenolic and flavanol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Varga
- Department of Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.T.K.); (D.I.) (M.A.)
| | - Marija Kristić
- Department of Agroecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.L.); (J.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Miroslav Lisjak
- Department of Agroecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.L.); (J.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Monika Tkalec Kojić
- Department of Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.T.K.); (D.I.) (M.A.)
| | - Dario Iljkić
- Department of Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.T.K.); (D.I.) (M.A.)
| | - Jurica Jović
- Department of Agroecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.L.); (J.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Suzana Kristek
- Department of Agroecology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.L.); (J.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Antonela Markulj Kulundžić
- Department of Industrial Plants Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Manda Antunović
- Department of Plant Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.T.K.); (D.I.) (M.A.)
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Macioszek VK, Marciniak P, Kononowicz AK. Impact of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Survival and Phenolics Content-A Case Study in a Horticulture Farm in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 38133299 PMCID: PMC10747159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cause of a prevalent and destructive disease that attacks many horticultural food crops, such as lettuce. This soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen causes significant economic losses in worldwide lettuce production annually. Furthermore, current methods utilized for management and combatting the disease, such as biocontrol, are insufficient. In this study, three cultivars of lettuce (one Crispy and two Leafy cultivars of red and green lettuce) were grown in central Poland (Lodz Voivodeship), a widely known Polish horticultural region. In the summer and early autumn, lettuce cultivars were grown in control and S. sclerotiorum-infected fields. The lettuce cultivars (Templin, Lollo Rossa, and Lollo Bionda) differed phenotypically and in terms of the survival of the fungal infection. The Crispy iceberg Templin was the most susceptible to S. sclerotiorum infection compared to the other cultivars during both vegetation seasons. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins varied among cultivars and fluctuated during infection. Moreover, phenolic content was affected by vegetation season with alterable environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, and pH. The most increased levels of phenolics, both flavonoids and anthocyanins in infected plants, were observed in the Leafy red Lollo Rossa cultivar in both crops. However, the highest survival/resistance to the fungus was noticed for Lollo Rossa in the summer crop and Lollo Bionda in the autumn crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Katarzyna Macioszek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Marciniak
- Wiesław and Izabela Królikiewicz Horticulture Market Farm, 97-306 Majków Średni, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kiejstut Kononowicz
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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Bhadra T, Mahapatra CK, Hosenuzzaman M, Gupta DR, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Hoque MA, Paul SK. Zinc and Boron Soil Applications Affect Athelia rolfsii Stress Response in Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3509. [PMID: 37836249 PMCID: PMC10575046 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitutes an initial defense approach in plants during pathogen infection. Here, the effects of the two micronutrients, namely, zinc (Zn) and boron (B), on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in leaves and roots challenged with Athelia rolfsii, which cause root rot disease, were investigated. The findings revealed that Zn and B application to the potting soil alleviated the adverse effect of A. rolfsii on sugar beet plants and increased the chlorophyll content in leaves. The increased enzymatic antioxidant activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AsA) were observed in Zn applied plants compared to both uninoculated and inoculated control plants. A significant rise in CAT activity was noted in both leaves (335.1%) and roots (264.82%) due to the Zn2B1.5 + Ar treatment, in comparison to the inoculated control plants. On the other hand, B did not enhance the activity of any one of them except AsA. Meanwhile, A. rolfsii infection led to the increased accumulation of MDA content both in the leaves and roots of sugar beet plants. Interestingly, reduced MDA content was recorded in leaves and roots treated with both Zn and B. The results of this study demonstrate that both Zn and B played a vital role in A. rofsii tolerance in sugar beet, while Zn enhances antioxidant enzyme activities, B appeared to have a less pronounced effect on modulating the antioxidant system to alleviate the adverse effect of A. rolfsii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamalika Bhadra
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (T.B.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Chandan Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (T.B.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Md. Hosenuzzaman
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (D.R.G.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.)
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.F.A.)
| | - Md. Anamul Hoque
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Swapan Kumar Paul
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (T.B.); (C.K.M.)
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Zhang T, Zhang P, Pang W, Zhang Y, Alwathnani HA, Rensing C, Yang W. Increased Tolerance of Massion's pine to Multiple-Toxic-Metal Stress Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3179. [PMID: 37765343 PMCID: PMC10535352 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Pinus massoniana (Massion's pine), a pioneer tree species, exhibits restoration potential in polluted mining areas. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in Massion's pine adaptability to multiple-toxic-metal stress are still unclear. Hence, Massion's pine seedlings inoculated with two strains of C. geophilum, which were screened and isolated from a polluted mine area, were cultivated in mine soil for 90 days to investigate the roles of EMF in mediating toxic metal tolerance in host plants. The results showed that compared with the non-inoculation control, C. geophilum (CG1 and CG2) significantly promoted the biomass, root morphology, element absorption, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, and SOD), and proline content of Massion's pine seedlings in mine soil. C. geophilum increased the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn in the roots of Massion's pine seedlings, with CG1 significantly increasing the concentrations of Pb and Mn by 246% and 162% and CG2 significantly increasing the concentrations of Cr and Pb by 102% and 78%. In contrast, C. geophilum reduced the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn in the shoots by 14%, 33%, 27%, and 14% on average, respectively. In addition, C. geophilum significantly reduced the transfer factor (TF) of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn by 32-58%, 17-26%, 68-75%, and 18-64%, respectively, and the bio-concentration factor (BF) of Cd by 39-71%. Comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly encoding functions involved in "transmembrane transport", "ion transport", "oxidation reduction process", "oxidative phosphorylation", "carbon metabolism", "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis", "photosynthesis", and "biosynthesis of amino acids." These results indicate that C. geophilum is able to mitigate toxic metals stress by promoting nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and plant growth, thereby modulating the antioxidant system to reduce oxidative stress and reducing the transport and enrichment of toxic metals from the root to the shoot of Massion's pine seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoxiang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Panpan Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Pang
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hend. A. Alwathnani
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.A.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.A.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.A.A.); (C.R.)
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Xue X, Xie M, Zhu L, Wang D, Xu Z, Liang L, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhou P, Ran J, Yu G, Lai Y, Sun B, Tang Y, Li H. 5-ALA Improves the Low Temperature Tolerance of Common Bean Seedlings through a Combination of Hormone Transduction Pathways and Chlorophyll Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13189. [PMID: 37685996 PMCID: PMC10487637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress is a key factor limiting the yield and quality of the common bean. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an antioxidant in plants, has been shown to modulate plant cold stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of 5-ALA-induced physiological and chemical changes in common bean seedlings under cold stress remains unknown. This study explored the physiological and transcriptome changes of common bean seedlings in response to cold stress after 5-ALA pretreatment. Physiological results showed that exogenous 5-ALA promotes the growth of common bean plants under cold stress, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase: 23.8%; peroxidase: 10.71%; catalase: 9.09%) and proline content (24.24%), decreases the relative conductivity (23.83%), malondialdehyde (33.65%), and active oxygen content, and alleviates the damage caused by cold to common bean seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in response to cold stress. The DEGs are mainly concentrated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism. It is evident that exogenous 5-ALA alters the expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which helps to maintain the energy supply and metabolic homeostasis under low-temperature stress. The results reveal the effect that applying exogenous 5-ALA has on the cold tolerance of the common bean and the molecular mechanism of its response to cold tolerance, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring and improving plant tolerance to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.X.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.X.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.Z.); (J.R.); (G.Y.); (Y.L.); (B.S.); (Y.T.)
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Sakpal A, Yadav S, Choudhary R, Saini N, Vasudev S, Yadava DK, Ercişli S, Marc RA, Yadav SK. Heat-Stress-Induced Changes in Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Mustard Cultivars and Their Role in Heat Stress Tolerance at the Seedling Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1400. [PMID: 36987087 PMCID: PMC10056246 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the era of global warming, heat stress, particularly at the seedling stage, is a major problem that affects the production and productivity of crops such as mustard that are grown in cooler climates. Nineteen mustard cultivars were exposed to contrasting temperature regimes-20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and a variable range of 25-40 °C-and evaluated for changes in physiological and biochemical parameters at the seedling stage to study their role in heat-stress tolerance. Exposure to heat stress showed detrimental effects on seedling growth as revealed by reduced vigor indices, survival percentages, antioxidant activity and proline content. The cultivars were grouped into tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible based on the survival percentage and biochemical parameters. All the conventional and three single-zero cultivars were found to be tolerant and moderately tolerant, respectively, while double-zero cultivars were reckoned to be susceptible except for two cultivars. Significant increases in proline content and catalase and peroxidase activities were found associated with thermo-tolerant cultivars. More efficient antioxidant system activity and proline accumulation were noticed in conventional along with three single-zero (PM-21, PM-22, PM-30) and two double-zero (JC-21, JC-33) cultivars that might have provided better protection to them under heat stress than the remaining one single- and nine double-zero cultivars. Tolerant cultivars also resulted in significantly higher values of most of the yield attributing traits. Heat-stress-tolerant cultivars could easily be selected based on the survival percentage, proline and antioxidants at the seedling stage and included as efficient cultivars in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Sakpal
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sangita Yadav
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Navinder Saini
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sujata Vasudev
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Devendra K. Yadava
- ICAR-Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India;
| | - Sezai Ercişli
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240 and HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shiv K. Yadav
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
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Liu Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Cheng H, Han Y, Zhang D, Wu J, Liu L, Yan M, Que Y, Zhou D. Identification and Expression Analysis of Hexokinases Family in Saccharum spontaneum L. under Drought and Cold Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1215. [PMID: 36986904 PMCID: PMC10056587 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the multi-gene family of dual-function hexokinases (HXKs) plays an important role in sugar metabolism and sensing, that affects growth and stress adaptation. Sugarcane is an important sucrose crop and biofuel crop. However, little is known about the HXK gene family in sugarcane. A comprehensive survey of sugarcane HXKs, including physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, conserved motifs, and gene structure was conducted, identifying 20 members of the SsHXK gene family that were located on seven of the 32 Saccharum spontaneum L. chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SsHXK family could be divided into three subfamilies (group I, II and III). Motifs and gene structure were related to the classification of SsHXKs. Most SsHXKs contained 8-11 introns which was consistent with other monocots. Duplication event analysis indicated that HXKs in S. spontaneum L. primarily originated from segmental duplication. We also identified putative cis-elements in the SsHXK promoter regions which were involved in phytohormone, light and abiotic stress responses (drought, cold et al.). During normal growth and development, 17 SsHXKs were constitutively expressed in all ten tissues. Among them, SsHXK2, SsHXK12 and SsHXK14 had similar expression patterns and were more highly expressed than other genes at all times. The RNA-seq analysis showed that 14/20 SsHXKs had the highest expression level after cold stress for 6 h, especially SsHXK15, SsHXK16 and SsHXK18. As for drought treatment, 7/20 SsHXKs had the highest expression level after drought stress for 10 days, 3/20 (SsHKX1, SsHKX10 and SsHKX11) had the highest expression level after 10 days of recovery. Overall, our results revealed the potential biological function of SsHXKs, which may provide information for in-depth functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yaolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hefen Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuekun Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Ministry of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan 411201, China
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10
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Abbey J, Jose S, Percival D, Jaakola L, Asiedu SK. Modulation of defense genes and phenolic compounds in wild blueberry in response to Botrytis cinerea under field conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36849912 PMCID: PMC9972761 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis blight is an important disease of wild blueberry [(Vaccinium angustifolium (Va) and V. myrtilloides (Vm))] with variable symptoms in the field due to differences in susceptibility among blueberry phenotypes. Representative blueberry plants of varying phenotypes were inoculated with spores of B. cinerea. The relative expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR3, PR4), flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and estimation of the concentration of ten phenolic compounds between uninoculated and inoculated samples at different time points were analyzed. Representative plants of six phenotypes (brown stem Va, green stem Va, Va f. nigrum, tall, medium, and short stems of Vm) were collected and studied using qRT-PCR. The expression of targeted genes indicated a response of inoculated plants to B. cinerea at either 12, 24, 48 or 96 h post inoculation (hpi). The maximum expression of PR3 occurred at 24 hpi in all the phenotypes except Va f. nigrum and tall stem Vm. Maximum expression of both PR genes occurred at 12 hpi in Va f. nigrum. Chalcone synthase, flavonol synthase and anthocyanin synthase were suppressed at 12 hpi followed by an upregulation at 24 hpi. The expression of flavonoid pathway genes was phenotype-specific with their regulation patterns showing temporal differences among the phenotypes. Phenolic compound accumulation was temporally regulated at different post-inoculation time points. M-coumaric acid and kaempferol-3-glucoside are the compounds that were increased with B. cinerea inoculation. Results from this study suggest that the expression of PR and flavonoid genes, and the accumulation of phenolic compounds associated with B. cinerea infection could be phenotype specific. This study may provide a starting point for understanding and determining the mechanisms governing the wild blueberry-B. cinerea pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Abbey
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 2R8, Canada.
| | - Sherin Jose
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 2R8, Canada
| | - David Percival
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 2R8, Canada
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO‑1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Samuel K Asiedu
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 2R8, Canada
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11
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Spinoso-Castillo JL, Moreno-Hernández MDR, Mancilla-Álvarez E, Sánchez-Segura L, Sánchez-Páez R, Bello-Bello JJ. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Improves Ex Vitro Acclimatization of Sugarcane Plantlets ( Saccharum spp.) under Drought Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:687. [PMID: 36771771 PMCID: PMC9921674 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can induce drought stress tolerance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Glomus intraradices, a mycorrhizal fungus, on the ex vitro development and survival of sugarcane plantlets subjected to drought stress during the acclimatization stage of micropropagation. In vitro obtained sugarcane plantlets (Saccharum spp. cv Mex 69-290) were inoculated with different doses of G. intraradices (0, 100, and 200 spores per plantlet) during greenhouse acclimatization. Sixty days after inoculation, plantlets were temporarily subjected to drought stress. We evaluated the survival rate, total chlorophyll, total protein, carotenoids, proline, betaine glycine, soluble phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity every 3 days for 12 days. Symbiotic interaction was characterized by microscopy. Our results showed that the survival rate of inoculated plants was higher in 45% than the treatment without mycorrhizae. Total chlorophyll, protein, proline, betaine glycine content, and antioxidant capacity were increased in AMF inoculated plants. The soluble phenolic content was higher in non-inoculated plants than the treatment with mycorrhizae during the drought stress period. Microscopy showed the symbiotic relationship between plant and AMF. The early inoculation of 100 spores of G. intraradices per sugarcane plantlet during the acclimatization stage could represent a preconditioning advantage before transplanting into the field and establishing basic seedbeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Spinoso-Castillo
- Postgraduate College-Campus Cordoba, Km 348 Cordoba-Veracruz Federal Highway, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | | | - Eucario Mancilla-Álvarez
- Postgraduate College-Campus Cordoba, Km 348 Cordoba-Veracruz Federal Highway, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- CINVESTAV, Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Irapuato Unit, Km 9.6 North Beltway Highway Irapuato-Leon, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Páez
- Postgraduate College-Campus Cordoba, Km 348 Cordoba-Veracruz Federal Highway, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello
- CONACYT-Postgraduate College-Campus Cordoba, Km 348 Cordoba-Veracruz Federal Highway, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
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12
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Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Kumar A, Fadiji AE, Babalola OO, Puopolo G, Santoyo G. Agroecological Management of the Grey Mould Fungus Botrytis cinerea by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:637. [PMID: 36771719 PMCID: PMC9919678 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould and one of the most important plant pathogens in the world because of the damage it causes to fruits and vegetables. Although the application of botrycides is one of the most common plant protection strategies used in the world, the application of plant-beneficial bacteria might replace botrycides facilitating agroecological production practices. Based on this, we reviewed the different stages of B. cinerea infection in plants and the biocontrol mechanisms exerted by plant-beneficial bacteria, including the well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Some PGPB mechanisms to control grey mould disease include antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, ethylene modulation, and the induction of plant defence mechanisms. In addition, recent studies on the action of anti-Botrytis compounds produced by PGPB and how they damage the conidial and mycelial structures of the pathogen are reviewed. Likewise, the advantages of individual inoculations of PGPB versus those that require the joint action of antagonist agents (microbial consortia) are discussed. Finally, it should be emphasised that PGPB are an excellent option to prevent grey mould in different crops and their use should be expanded for environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mich, Mexico
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13
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Iwaniuk P, Kaczyński P, Pietkun M, Łozowicka B. Evaluation of titanium and silicon role in mitigation of fungicides toxicity in wheat expressed at the level of biochemical and antioxidant profile. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136284. [PMID: 36057351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulators are compounds that are gaining attention due to their potential to support plant growth, however, less in known about their impact on plant biochemistry. Therefore, the main goal of this comprehensive study was to evaluate the effect of two inorganic biostimulators (titanium, Ti and silicon, Si) and five fungicides (propiconazole, cyproconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, triadimenol) on biochemical and antioxidant status as well as mycotoxin profile in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Moreover, the half-life of fungicides under the influence of biostimulators was evaluated. Titanium caused most efficient mitigation of fungicide-induced toxicity reflected by greater increase of protein (104.80 mg g-1), carbohydrates (43.70 mg g-1), phenolic compounds (1023.18 μg g-1), and peroxidase activity (0.151 U mg-1) compared to treatment with silicon. The application of spiroketalamine and triazole fungicides with silicon decreased the activity of acid phosphatases (35.70 μM h-1 g-1) while inducing amino acid (861.40 μg kg-1) and catalase activity (1.056 U mg-1). Moreover, silicon was most effective in the reduction of mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain (61.17 μg g-1). This study indicated a shortened dissipation of propiconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole and triadimenol under the influence of titanium or silicon (DT50 = 1.85-4.82), which can therefore affect the grace period of wheat. The results of this comprehensive investigation demonstrated that titanium and silicon have a beneficial influence on wheat biochemistry and mitigate fungicide toxicity, which makes them widely suitable for optimizing plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Iwaniuk
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Pietkun
- Hydratec, Radziwonika 12 Street, 15-166, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
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