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Denu RA, Dann AM, Keung EZ, Nakazawa MS, Nassif Haddad EF. The Future of Targeted Therapy for Leiomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:938. [PMID: 38473300 PMCID: PMC10930698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma that arises from smooth muscle cells, most commonly in the uterus and retroperitoneum. LMS is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics that have yet to be fully understood. Molecular profiling has uncovered possible targets amenable to treatment, though this has yet to translate into approved targeted therapies in LMS. This review will explore historic and recent findings from molecular profiling, highlight promising avenues of current investigation, and suggest possible future strategies to move toward the goal of molecularly matched treatment of LMS. We focus on targeting the DNA damage response, the macrophage-rich micro-environment, the PI3K/mTOR pathway, epigenetic regulators, and telomere biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Denu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Amanda M. Dann
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Michael S. Nakazawa
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elise F. Nassif Haddad
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Lesovaya EA, Fetisov TI, Bokhyan BY, Maksimova VP, Kulikov EP, Belitsky GA, Kirsanov KI, Yakubovskaya MG. Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcriptome Alterations in Liposarcoma for Target Therapy Selection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38254762 PMCID: PMC10813500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), characterized by a high diversity of histopathological features as well as to a lesser extent by a spectrum of molecular abnormalities. Current targeted therapies for STS do not include a wide range of drugs and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease in all subtypes, while many LPS patients initially present with or ultimately progress to advanced disease that is either unresectable, metastatic or both. The understanding of the molecular characteristics of liposarcoma subtypes is becoming an important option for the detection of new potential targets and development novel, biology-driven therapies for this disease. Innovative therapies have been introduced and they are currently part of preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we provide an analysis of the molecular genetics of liposarcoma followed by a discussion of the specific epigenetic changes in these malignancies. Then, we summarize the peculiarities of the key signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and possible novel therapeutic approaches based on a better understanding of subtype-specific disease biology. Although heterogeneity in liposarcoma genetics and phenotype as well as the associated development of resistance to therapy make difficult the introduction of novel therapeutic targets into the clinic, recently a number of targeted therapy drugs were proposed for LPS treatment. The most promising results were shown for CDK4/6 and MDM2 inhibitors as well as for the multi-kinase inhibitors anlotinib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Timur I. Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Beniamin Yu. Bokhyan
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Varvara P. Maksimova
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Evgeny P. Kulikov
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol’tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia;
| | - Gennady A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marianna G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (E.A.L.); (T.I.F.); (B.Y.B.); (V.P.M.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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Chung YL, Huang TT, Chen CF. Differential impacts of initial treatment status on long-term survival in patients with sarcomas treated in a referral center according to histologic type and anatomic site. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106927. [PMID: 37149404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to estimate the magnitude of the differential impacts of initial treatment status relative to the impact of classic clinicopathologic factors on the long-term overall survival (OS) of sarcoma patients in a referral cancer center. METHODS From the institutional database, we identified 2185 patients who presented to the institutional multidisciplinary team (MDT) prior to (N = 717, 32.8%) or after (N = 1468, 67.2%) initial treatment, with a first diagnosis of sarcoma from January 1999 to December 2018. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify the factors related to OS. By performing propensity score matching of each completely MDT-treated patient to a referral patient with similar characteristics, the differential impacts of the identified risk and prognostic factors on OS in the 2 groups were estimated by the Kaplan‒Meier survival curves, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression; the results were compared using calibrated nomograph models and forest plots. RESULTS Adjusted for the clinicopathologic factors of patient age, sex, primary site, tumor grade, tumor size, resection margin and histology, hazard ratio-based modeling analysis indicated that the initial treatment status was an independent but intermediate prognostic factor associated with long-term OS. The major impacts of the initial and comprehensive MDT-based management on significant improvement of the 20-year OS of sarcomas were reflected in the subgroup of patients with stromal, undifferentiated pleomorphic, fibromatous, fibroepithelial, or synovial neoplasms and tumors in the breast, gastrointestinal tract, or soft tissues of limb and trunk. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study supports early referral of patients with soft tissue masses of unknown identity to a specialized MDT before biopsy and initial resection to reduce the risk of death but highlights an unmet need for a greater understanding of some of the most difficult sarcoma subtypes and subsites and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Lin Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Departments of Research, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang SC, Chang IYF, Chang CJ, Liu H, Chen KH, Liu TT, Hsieh TY, Chuang HC, Chen CC, Lin IC, Ng KF, Huang HY, Chen TC. Association between hepatic angiosarcoma and end-stage renal disease: nationwide population-based evidence and enriched mutational signature of aristolochic acid exposure. J Pathol 2023; 260:165-176. [PMID: 36815532 DOI: 10.1002/path.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy that remains underexplored with respect to its etiology and mutational landscapes. To clarify the association between HAS and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we used nationwide data of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, covering ~99% of the population, from 2001 to 2016. To investigate molecular signatures, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 27 surgical specimens, including nine ESRD-associated cases. The NHIRD analysis demonstrated that HAS ranked second among all angiosarcomas in Taiwan, with the incidence rates of HAS being 0.08, 2.49, and 5.71 per 100,000 person-years in the general population, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ESRD patients, respectively. The standardized incidence ratios of HAS in CKD and ESRD patients were 29.99 and 68.77, respectively. In comparison with nonhepatic angiosarcoma, the multivariate regression analysis of our institutional cohort confirmed CKD/ESRD as an independent risk factor for HAS (odds ratio: 9.521, 95% confidence interval: 2.995-30.261, p < 0.001). WES identified a high tumor mutation burden (TMB; median: 8.66 variants per megabase) and dominant A:T-to-T:A transversion in HAS with frequent TP53 (81%) and ATRX (41%) mutations, KDR amplifications/gains (56%), and CDKN2A/B deletions (48%). Notably, ESRD-associated HAS had a significantly higher TMB (17.62 variants per megabase, p = 0.01) and enriched mutational signatures of aristolochic acid exposure (COSMIC SBS22, p < 0.001). In summary, a significant proportion of HAS in Taiwan is associated with ESRD and harbors a distinctive mutational signature, which concomitantly links nephrotoxicity and mutagenesis resulting from exposure to aristolochic acid or related compounds. A high TMB may support the eligibility for immunotherapy in treating ESRD-associated HAS. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Lin
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwai-Fong Ng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Rakheja D, Park JY, Yang MS, Martinez DP, Koduru P, Wilson KS, Garcia R, Uddin N. Rhabdomyosarcoma With Epithelioid Features And NSD3::FOXO1 Fusion: Evidence For Reconsideration Of Previously Reported FOXO1::FGFR1 Fusion. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:213-220. [PMID: 35502835 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221098084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare rhabdomyosarcoma variant for which no diagnostic recurrent driver genetic events have been identified. Here we report a rapidly progressive and widely metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma with epithelioid features that arose in the thigh of a male infant. Conventional cytogenetics revealed a t(8;13)(p11.2;q14) translocation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed rearrangement of FOXO1 and amplification of its 3" end, and rearrangement of NSD3 and amplification of its 5` end. Next generation sequencing identified a NSD3::FOXO1 fusion, which is a previously unreported gene fusion. We also review the historic report of a FOXO1::FGFR1 fusion in a solid variant of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and propose that NSD3::FOXO1 fusion may have been the more appropriate interpretation of the data presented in that report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mary S Yang
- Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Diana P Martinez
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prasad Koduru
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naseem Uddin
- Department of Pathology, 12334University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
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6
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Crombé A, Kind M, Fadli D, Miceli M, Linck PA, Bianchi G, Sambri A, Spinnato P. Soft-tissue sarcoma in adults: Imaging appearances, pitfalls and diagnostic algorithms. Diagn Interv Imaging 2022; 104:207-220. [PMID: 36567193 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding diagnostic imaging of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas, which is a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal malignancies. After an initial contextualization, diagnostic flow-chart based on initial radiological findings of soft-tissue masses (with specific focus on adipocytic soft-tissue tumors [STTs], hemorragic STTs and retroperitoneal STTs) are provided considering relevant results from novel researches, guidelines, and experts' viewpoints, with the aim to help radiologists and clinicians in their practice. Particularly, the central place of sarcoma reference centers in the diagnostic and therapeutic management is highlighted, as well as the pivotal role that radiologists should play to correctly identify patients with soft-tissue sarcoma at the initial stage of the disease. Indications and methods for performing imaging-guided biopsies are also discussed, as well as clues to improve soft-tissue sarcoma grading with conventional and quantitative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Crombé
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux 33076, France; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Oncological Imaging, Institut Bergonié, Regional Comprehensive Cancer of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux 33076, France; Models in Oncology (MONC) Team, INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, CNRS UMR 5251 & Bordeaux University, 33400 Talence, France.
| | - Michèle Kind
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Oncological Imaging, Institut Bergonié, Regional Comprehensive Cancer of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - David Fadli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Marco Miceli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Pierre-Antoine Linck
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Oncological Imaging, Institut Bergonié, Regional Comprehensive Cancer of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- Orthopedic Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Paolo Spinnato
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
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7
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Resag A, Toffanin G, Benešová I, Müller L, Potkrajcic V, Ozaniak A, Lischke R, Bartunkova J, Rosato A, Jöhrens K, Eckert F, Strizova Z, Schmitz M. The Immune Contexture of Liposarcoma and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194578. [PMID: 36230502 PMCID: PMC9559230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LPS) are the most frequent malignancies in the soft tissue sarcoma family and consist of five distinctive histological subtypes, termed well-differentiated LPS, dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS), myxoid LPS (MLPS), pleomorphic LPS, and myxoid pleomorphic LPS. They display variations in genetic alterations, clinical behavior, and prognostic course. While accumulating evidence implicates a crucial role of the tumor immune contexture in shaping the response to anticancer treatments, the immunological landscape of LPS is highly variable across different subtypes. Thus, DDLPS is characterized by a higher abundance of infiltrating T cells, yet the opposite was reported for MLPS. Interestingly, a recent study indicated that the frequency of pre-existing T cells in soft tissue sarcomas has a predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. Additionally, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures were identified as potential biomarkers for the clinical outcome of LPS patients and response to CPI therapy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that macrophages, predominantly of M2 polarization, are frequently associated with poor prognosis. An improved understanding of the complex LPS immune contexture enables the design and refinement of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent studies focusing on the clinicopathological, genetic, and immunological determinants of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Resag
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Toffanin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Benešová
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luise Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vlatko Potkrajcic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +420-604712471 (Z.S.); +49-351-458-6501 (M.S.)
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8
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Updates in Pathology for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6400-6418. [PMID: 36135073 PMCID: PMC9497884 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal tumors are extremely rare. More than 70% of primary retroperitoneal soft tissue tumors are malignant. The most common sarcomas in the retroperitoneum include liposarcomas and leiomyosarcoma, however other sarcomas, along with benign mesenchymal tumors, can occur. Sarcomas are a heterogenous group of tumors with overlapping microscopic features, posing a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist. Correct tumor classification has become important for prognostication and the evolving targeted therapies for sarcoma subtypes. In this review, the pathology of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is discussed, which is important to the surgical oncologist. In addition, less common sarcomas and benign mesenchymal tumors of the retroperitoneum, which may mimic sarcoma clinically and pathologically, are also discussed.
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Thiel JT, Daigeler A, Kolbenschlag J, Rachunek K, Hoffmann S. The Role of CDK Pathway Dysregulation and Its Therapeutic Potential in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3380. [PMID: 35884441 PMCID: PMC9323700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are tumors that are challenging to treat due to their pathologic and molecular heterogeneity and their tumor biology that is not yet fully understood. Recent research indicates that dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling pathways can be a strong driver of sarcogenesis. CDKs are enzyme forms that play a crucial role in cell-cycle control and transcription. They belong to the protein kinases group and to the serine/threonine kinases subgroup. Recently identified CDK/cyclin complexes and established CDK/cyclin complexes that regulate the cell cycle are involved in the regulation of gene expression through phosphorylation of critical components of transcription and pre-mRNA processing mechanisms. The current and continually growing body of data shows that CDKs play a decisive role in tumor development and are involved in the proliferation and growth of sarcoma cells. Since the abnormal expression or activation of large numbers of CDKs is considered to be characteristic of cancer development and progression, dysregulation of the CDK signaling pathways occurs in many subtypes of STSs. This review discusses how reversal and regulation can be achieved with new therapeutics and summarizes the current evidence from studies regarding CDK modulation for STS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Thiel
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.D.); (J.K.); (K.R.); (S.H.)
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10
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Experimental models of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. J Transl Med 2022; 102:658-666. [PMID: 35228656 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that do not respond well to current treatment modalities. The limited availability of UPS and MPNST cell lines makes it challenging to identify potential therapeutic targets in a laboratory setting. Understanding the urgent need for improved treatments for these tumors and the limited cellular models available, we generated additional cell lines to study these rare cancers. Patient-derived tumors were used to establish 4 new UPS models, including one radiation-associated UPS-UPS271.1, UPS511, UPS0103, and RIS620, one unclassified spindle cell sarcoma-USC060.1, and 3 new models of MPNST-MPNST007, MPNST3813E, and MPNST4970. This study examined the utility of the new cell lines as sarcoma models by assessing their tumorigenic potential and mutation status for known sarcoma-related genes. All the cell lines formed colonies and migrated in vitro. The in vivo tumorigenic potential of the cell lines and corresponding xenografts was determined by subcutaneous injection or xenograft re-passaging into immunocompromised mice. USC060.1 and UPS511 cells formed tumors in mice upon subcutaneous injection. UPS0103 and RIS620 tumor implants formed tumors in vivo, as did MPNST007 and MPNST3813E tumor implants. Targeted sequencing analysis of a panel of genes frequently mutated in sarcomas identified TP53, RB1, and ATRX mutations in a subset of the cell lines. These new cellular models provide the scientific community with powerful tools for detailed studies of tumorigenesis and for investigating novel therapies for UPS and MPNST.
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11
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Rakheja D, Park JY, Alhasan M, Uddin N. Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma With PAX8::PPARG Fusion. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:950-955. [DOI: 10.1177/10668969221095170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spindle cell/sclerosing subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma is classified based on genetic features into the three categories of MYOD1-mutated, gene fusion-driven, and a subset without a currently identified genetic driver event. The gene fusion-driven spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas are heterogenous and characterized by increasing numbers of gene fusions, the most common gene partners being VGLL2, NCOA2, and TFCP2. Here we report a spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma that arose in the orbit of a 4-year-old male. This tumor harbored a unique PAX8::PPARG fusion. PAX8::PPARG fusions have previously only been described in follicular thyroid carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Our report adds to the growing number of gene fusions in spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Y. Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa Alhasan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naseem Uddin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Wang XQ, Goytain A, Dickson BC, Nielsen TO. Advances in Sarcoma Molecular Diagnostics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:332-345. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qi Wang
- Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Angela Goytain
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Torsten Owen Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
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13
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Thway K. What’s new in adipocytic neoplasia? Histopathology 2021; 80:76-97. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit Royal Marsden Hospital London UK
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Miallot R, Galland F, Millet V, Blay JY, Naquet P. Metabolic landscapes in sarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 34294128 PMCID: PMC8296645 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring offers novel therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Until recently, there was scant information regarding soft tissue sarcomas, due to their heterogeneous tissue origin, histological definition and underlying genetic history. Novel large-scale genomic and metabolomics approaches are now helping stratify their physiopathology. In this review, we show how various genetic alterations skew activation pathways and orient metabolic rewiring in sarcomas. We provide an update on the contribution of newly described mechanisms of metabolic regulation. We underscore mechanisms that are relevant to sarcomagenesis or shared with other cancers. We then discuss how diverse metabolic landscapes condition the tumor microenvironment, anti-sarcoma immune responses and prognosis. Finally, we review current attempts to control sarcoma growth using metabolite-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 1, Lyon Recherche Innovation contre le Cancer, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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15
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Germinal GLT8D1, GATAD2A and SLC25A39 mutations in a patient with a glomangiopericytal tumor and five different sarcomas over a 10-year period. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9765. [PMID: 33963205 PMCID: PMC8105326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma represents about 1% of all adult cancers. Occurrence of multiple sarcomas in a same individual cannot be fortuitous. A 72-year-old patient had between 2007 and 2016 a glomangiopericytal tumor of the right forearm and a succession of sarcomas of the extremities: a leiomyosarcoma of the left buttock, a myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) of the right forearm, a MFS of the left scapula, a left latero-thoracic MFS and two undifferentiated sarcomas on the left forearm. Pathological examination of the six locations was not in favor of disease with local/distant recurrences but could not confirm different diseases. An extensive molecular analysis including DNA-array, RNA-sequencing and DNA-Sanger-sequencing, was thus performed to determine the link between them. The genomic profile of the glomangiopericytal tumor and the six sarcomas revealed that five sarcomas were different diseases and one was the local recurrence of the glomangiopericytal tumor. While the chromosomal alterations in the six tumors were different, a common somatic CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletion was identified. RNA-sequencing of five tumors identified mutations in GLT8D1, GATAD2A and SLC25A39 in all samples. The germline origin of these mutations was confirmed by Sanger-sequencing. Innovative molecular analysis methods have made possible a better understanding of the complex tumorigenesis of multiple sarcomas.
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Novel Nomograms-Based Prediction Models for Patients with Primary Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas Resections. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081917. [PMID: 33921187 PMCID: PMC8071567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) are one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas which have relatively high potentials of recurrence and metastasis. Surgery remains the mainstream treatment for UPS patients. However, in modern medicine, doctors nowadays lack proper models to tell patients the exact prognosis of individuals after they have undergone primary surgery. In this work, we for the first time develop two nomograms that are able to predict 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) for UPS patients. These nomograms show relatively good accuracy and practicability which may contribute a lot to the modern medical decision-making process. Abstract Background: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) were one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas. As UPS had relatively high potentials of recurrence and metastasis, we designed two nomograms to better predict the overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) for patients who underwent primary surgery. Methods: The data of UPS patients who underwent primary surgery were extracted from Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression to identify independent prognostic factors. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare differences for patients who underwent primary surgery in OS and TTR. Nomograms were designed with the help of R software and validated using calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). Results: Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with older ages (p = 0.0024), deeper locations (p = 0.0422), necrosis (p < 0.0001), G3 French Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) classification (p < 0.0001), higher Ki-67 (p < 0.0001), higher mitotic index (p < 0.0001), R1/R2 resections (p = 0.0002) and higher invasive depth (p = 0.0099) had shorter OS than the other patients while patients with older ages (p = 0.0108), necrosis (p = 0.0001), G3 FNCLCC classification (p < 0.0001), higher Ki-67 (p = 0.0006), higher mitotic index (p < 0.0001) and R1/R2 resections (p < 0.0001) had shorter TTR compared with those without. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that mitotic rates and surgical margin were independent factors for TTR while age and invasive depth were independent factors for OS. Three parameters were adopted to build the nomograms for 3- and 5-year OS and TTR. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of this nomogram at 3- and 5-year TTR reached 0.802, 0.814, respectively, while OS reached 0.718, 0.802, respectively. Calibration curves for the prediction of 3- and 5-year OS and TTR showed excellent agreement between the predicted and the actual survival outcomes. Conclusions: Some important parameters could be used to predict the outcome of individual UPS patients such as mitotic age, rates, surgical margin, and invasive depth. We developed two accurate and practicable nomograms that could predict 3- and 5-year OS and TTR for UPS patients, which could be involved in the modern medical decision-making process.
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Kabir W, Choong PFM. The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-9414-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Cell-cell fusion of mesenchymal cells with distinct differentiations triggers genomic and transcriptomic remodelling toward tumour aggressiveness. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21634. [PMID: 33303824 PMCID: PMC7729932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell fusion is a physiological process that is hijacked during oncogenesis and promotes tumour evolution. The main known impact of cell fusion is to promote the formation of metastatic hybrid cells following fusion between mobile leucocytes and proliferating tumour cells. We show here that cell fusion between immortalized myoblasts and transformed fibroblasts, through genomic instability and expression of a specific transcriptomic profile, leads to emergence of hybrid cells acquiring dissemination properties. This is associated with acquisition of clonogenic ability by fused cells. In addition, by inheriting parental properties, hybrid tumours were found to mimic the histological characteristics of a specific histotype of sarcomas: undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas with incomplete muscular differentiation. This finding suggests that cell fusion, as macroevolution event, favours specific sarcoma development according to the differentiation lineage of parent cells.
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19
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Toulmonde M, Lucchesi C, Verbeke S, Crombe A, Adam J, Geneste D, Chaire V, Laroche-Clary A, Perret R, Bertucci F, Bertolo F, Bianchini L, Dadone-Montaudie B, Hembrough T, Sweet S, Kim YJ, Cecchi F, Le Loarer F, Italiano A. High throughput profiling of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas identifies two main subgroups with distinct immune profile, clinical outcome and sensitivity to targeted therapies. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103131. [PMID: 33254023 PMCID: PMC7708794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is the most frequent, aggressive and less-characterized sarcoma subtype. This study aims to assess UPS molecular characteristics and identify specific therapeutic targets. Methods High-throughput technologies encompassing immunohistochemistry, RNA-sequencing, whole exome-sequencing, mass spectrometry, as well as radiomics were used to characterize three independent cohorts of 110, 25 and 41 UPS selected after histological review performed by an expert pathologist. Correlations were made with clinical outcome. Cell lines and xenografts were derived from human samples for functional experiments. Findings CD8 positive cell density was independently associated with metastatic behavior and prognosis. RNA-sequencing identified two main groups: the group A, enriched in genes involved in development and stemness, including FGFR2, and the group B, strongly enriched in genes involved in immunity. Immune infiltrate patterns on tumor samples were highly predictive of gene expression classification, leading to call the group B ‘immune-high’ and the group A ‘immune-low’. This molecular classification and its prognostic impact were confirmed on an independent cohort of UPS from TCGA. Copy numbers alterations were significantly more frequent in immune-low UPS. Proteomic analysis identified two main proteomic groups that highly correlated with the two main transcriptomic groups. A set of nine radiomic features from conventional MRI sequences provided the basis for a radiomics signature that could select immune-high UPS on their pre-therapeutic imaging. Finally, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of FGFR inhibitor JNJ-42756493 was selectively shown in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models derived from immune-low UPS. Interpretation Two main disease entities of UPS, with distinct immune phenotypes, prognosis, molecular features and MRI textures, as well as differential sensitivity to specific anticancer agents were identified. Immune-high UPS may be the best candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors, whereas this study provides rational for assessing FGFR inhibition in immune-low UPS. Funding This work was partly founded by a grant from La Ligue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Toulmonde
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlo Lucchesi
- Bioinformatics Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Verbeke
- INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France; Research Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Crombe
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Radiology Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Pathology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Geneste
- Bioinformatics Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Chaire
- INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France; Research Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Laroche-Clary
- Bioinformatics Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Research Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raul Perret
- Pathology Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR725, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Bertolo
- Bioinformatics Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Laboratory of solid tumor genetics, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Bérengère Dadone-Montaudie
- Laboratory of solid tumor genetics, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France.
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20
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Lesluyes T, Chibon F. A Global and Integrated Analysis of CINSARC-Associated Genetic Defects. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5282-5290. [PMID: 33023949 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Complexity Index in Sarcomas (CINSARC) signature is a transcriptomic marker that identifies high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas and is associated with high metastatic potential. During the last decade, CINSARC has been successfully developed and validated and is currently being assessed in two prospective phase III clinical trials for stratification of therapy. Although the link between CINSARC expression and tumor aggressiveness is well established, questions remain about how CINSARC genes are regulated. In this study, we leveraged a The Cancer Genome Atlas multiomics study on sarcomas with complex genetics to appraise the association between CINSARC profile, genomic features, and two potential regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation and miRNA expression. CINSARC expression was associated with an increase of ploidy, intratumor heterogeneity, copy-number alteration, altered expression of 37 miRNAs, and a decrease of DNA methylation. These genetic changes are not independent, but rather act together to promote or repress CINSARC expression. These findings depict new insights into CINSARC regulation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that CINSARC is associated with a variety of genomic aberrations that contribute to higher risk for metastasis and may serve as a prognostic factor in sarcomas and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lesluyes
- Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM UMR1037 - Team 19, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, France.,Institut Claudius Régaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, INSERM UMR1037 - Team 19, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, France. .,Institut Claudius Régaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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21
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Anoshkin KI, Karandasheva KO, Goryacheva KM, Pyankov DV, Koshkin PA, Pavlova TV, Bobin AN, Shpot EV, Chernov YN, Vinarov AZ, Zaletaev DV, Kutsev SI, Strelnikov VV. Multiple Chromoanasynthesis in a Rare Case of Sporadic Renal Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1653. [PMID: 32974204 PMCID: PMC7466669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the genetic profile of kidney giant leiomyosarcoma characterized by sequencing of 409 cancer related genes and chromosomal microarray analysis. Renal leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare neoplasms with aggressive behavior and poor survival prognosis. Most frequent somatic events in leiomyosarcomas are mutations in the TP53, RB1, ATRX, and PTEN genes, chromosomal instability (CIN) and chromoanagenesis. 67-year-old woman presented with a right kidney completely replaced by tumor. Immunohistochemical reaction on surgical material was positive to desmin and smooth muscle actin. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that tumor harbored monosomy of chromosomes 3 and 11, gain of Xp (ATRX) arm and three chromoanasynthesis regions (6q21-q27, 7p22.3-p12.1, and 12q13.11-q21.2), with MDM2 and CDK4 oncogenes copy number gains, whereas no copy number variations (CNVs) or tumor specific single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in TP53, RB1, and PTEN genes were present. We hypothesize that chromoanasynthesis in 12q13.11-q21.2 could be a trigger of observed CIN in this tumor.
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22
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Berg SH, Massoud CM, Jackson-Cook C, Boikos SA, Smith SC, Mochel MC. A Reappraisal of Superficial Pleomorphic Liposarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:353-361. [PMID: 32525520 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superficial pleomorphic liposarcoma (PL) has a favorable prognosis compared to deeply seated PL. Given developments in the classification of lipomatous neoplasms, we reappraised a series of cases. METHODS Retrospective clinicopathologic evaluation and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray studies were performed for cases previously designated superficial PL. RESULTS Four cases were identified (age, 48-70 years). Two were dermally confined, whereas two were superficial subcutaneous; no recurrences or metastases were reported. Tumors demonstrated pleomorphic spindled morphology with variable cellularity. Multivacuolated atypical lipoblasts were focal in 3 and abundant in 1. Dermal tumors demonstrated atypical cells within sclerotic collagen. Genome-wide SNP microarray studies revealed consistent gains and losses, including losses at the 13q14.2 locus encompassing RB1 and DLEU2 and deletion/disruption of the TP53 locus. Although subcutaneous examples showed genomic changes similar to deep PL, the dermal examples showed fewer genetic alterations, including changes reported in the spectrum of atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors (ASPLT). All lacked MDM2 amplification. CONCLUSIONS Careful integration of histologic and genetic features may improve classification of lipomatous neoplasms with atypia, allowing reclassification of some superficial PL as ASPLT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
| | - Sosipatros Alexander Boikos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
| | | | - Mark Cameron Mochel
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond
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CDKs in Sarcoma: Mediators of Disease and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083018. [PMID: 32344731 PMCID: PMC7215455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent one of the most challenging tumor types to treat due to their diverse nature and our incomplete understanding of their underlying biology. Recent work suggests cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway activation is a powerful driver of sarcomagenesis. CDK proteins participate in numerous cellular processes required for normal cell function, but their dysregulation is a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer. The contributions and significance of aberrant CDK activity to sarcoma development, however, is only partly understood. Here, we describe what is known about CDK-related alterations in the most common subtypes of sarcoma and highlight areas that warrant further investigation. As disruptions in CDK pathways appear in most, if not all, subtypes of sarcoma, we discuss the history and value of pharmacologically targeting CDKs to combat these tumors. The goals of this review are to (1) assess the prevalence and importance of CDK pathway alterations in sarcomas, (2) highlight the gap in knowledge for certain CDKs in these tumors, and (3) provide insight into studies focused on CDK inhibition for sarcoma treatment. Overall, growing evidence demonstrates a crucial role for activated CDKs in sarcoma development and as important targets for sarcoma therapy.
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24
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Lesluyes T, Baud J, Pérot G, Charon-Barra C, You A, Valo I, Bazille C, Mishellany F, Leroux A, Renard-Oldrini S, Terrier P, Le Cesne A, Laé M, Piperno-Neumann S, Bonvalot S, Neuville A, Collin F, Maingon P, Coindre JM, Chibon F. Genomic and transcriptomic comparison of post-radiation versus sporadic sarcomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1786-1794. [PMID: 31243333 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-radiation sarcomas are rare secondary cancers arising from radiation therapies. To date, few genetic specificities have been described for such malignancies and the oncogenesis of sarcomas with complex genetics (both sporadic and post-radiation) remains largely misunderstood. We performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses on 77 post-radiation sarcomas using DNA-array and RNA sequencing. Consequently, we were able to investigate changes in copy number variations, transcriptome profiling, fusion gene expression, and mutational landscapes. We compare these data to a reference cohort of 93 sporadic sarcomas. At genomic level, similar chromosomal complexity was observed both in post-radiation and sporadic sarcomas with complex genetics. We found more frequent CDKN2A and CDKN2B (coding for p14/p16 and p15 proteins, respectively; at 9p21.3) losses in post-radiation (71%) than in sporadic tumors (39%; P = 6.92e-3). Among all detected fusion genes and punctual variations, few specificities were observed between these groups and such alterations are not able to drive a strong and specific oncogenesis. Recurrent MYC amplifications (96%) and KDR variants (8%) were detected in post-radiation angiosarcomas, in agreement with the literature. Transcriptomic analysis of such angiosarcomas revealed two distinct groups harboring different genomic imbalances (in particular gains of 17q24.2-17qter) with different clinical courses according to patient's vital status. Differential gene expression analysis permitted to focus on the immune response as a potential actor to tumor aggressiveness. Histochemistry validated a lower inflammation and lower immune infiltrate at tumor periphery for highly aggressive angiosarcomas. Our results provide new genomic and transcriptomic information about post-radiation sarcomas. The techniques we used (RNA-seq and DNA-arrays) did not highlight major differences in sarcomas with complex genetics depending on the radiation context, revealing similar patterns of transcriptomic profiles and chromosomal copy number variations. Additional characterizations, particularly whole genome sequencing, could measure changes in DNA following radiation therapy in such malignancies and may precise their oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lesluyes
- Inserm U1218, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Baud
- Inserm U1218, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaëlle Pérot
- Inserm U1218, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Axel You
- Inserm U1218, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.,University of Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Valo
- Department of Pathology, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest site Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Caen, France
| | | | - Agnès Leroux
- Department of Pathology, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Renard-Oldrini
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Henri Becquerel, Inserm U1245, UniRouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Agnès Neuville
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.,Contades Office of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Collin
- Department of Pathology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Maingon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Coindre
- University of Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- Inserm UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
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25
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Codenotti S, Mansoury W, Pinardi L, Monti E, Marampon F, Fanzani A. Animal models of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: utility and limitations. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5257-5268. [PMID: 31308696 PMCID: PMC6613351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of fat tissue. Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDL/DDL) represent the two most clinically observed histotypes occurring in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL/DDL are thought to represent the broad spectrum of one disease, as they are both associated with the amplification in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region that causes MDM2 and CDK4 overexpression, the most useful predictor for liposarcoma diagnosis. In comparison to WDL, DDL contains additional genetic abnormalities, principally coamplifications of 1p32 and 6q23, that increase recurrence and metastatic rate. In this review, we discuss the xenograft and transgenic animal models generated for studying progression of WDL/DDL, highlighting utilities and pitfalls in such approaches that can facilitate or impede the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walaa Mansoury
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Pinardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Lacourt A, Amadéo B, Gramond C, Marrer E, Plouvier S, Baldi I, Blay JY, Coindre JM, de Pinieux G, Gouin F, Italiano A, Le Cesne A, Le Loarer F, Monnereau A, Pellegrin I, Penel N, Ray-Coquard I, Toulmonde M, Ducimetière F, Mathoulin-Pélissier S. ETIOSARC study : environmental aetiology of sarcomas from a French prospective multicentric population-based case-control study-study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030013. [PMID: 31217320 PMCID: PMC6588955 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcomas are rare tumours of connective tissue. The exact overall incidence of sarcomas is unknown due to diagnostic difficulties and the various histological subtypes (over 80 subtypes). However, the apparent increasing incidence of sarcomas suggests environmental causes such as pesticides. Except for some specific factors (ie, ionising radiation, vinyl chloride, dioxin and genetic predispositions) the scientific knowledge on the aetiology of sarcomas is sparse and inconsistent. France is a particularly appropriate country to set up a study investigating the causes of sarcoma occurrence due to the French organisation in treatment and care of sarcoma patients, which is highly structured and revolved around national expert networks. The main objective of the ETIOlogy of SARcomas (ETIOSARC) project is to study the role of lifestyle, environmental and occupational factors in the occurrence of sarcomas among adults from a multicentric population-based case-control study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Cases will be all incident patients (older than 18 years) prospectively identified in 15 districts of France covered by a general population-based cancer registry and/or a reference centre in sarcoma's patient care over a 3-year period with an inclusion start date ranging from February 2019 to January 2020 and histologically confirmed by a second review of the diagnosis. Two controls will be individually matched by sex, age (5 years group) and districts of residence and randomly selected from electoral rolls. A standardised questionnaire will be administered by a trained interviewer in order to gather information about occupational and residential history, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle factors. At the end of the interview, a saliva sample will be systematically proposed. This study will permit to validate or identify already suspected risk factors for sarcomas such as phenoxyherbicides, chlorophenol and to generate new hypothesis to increase our understanding about the genetic and environmental contributions in the carcinogenicity process. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The present study is promoted by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (identification number C17-03). This study received National French Ethic committee (CPP Sud Méditerrannée I) approval (identification number 18-31) and French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) approval (identification number 918171). Results of this study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals. Technical appendix, statistical code and dataset will be available in the Dryad repository when collection data are completed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03670927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lacourt
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Brice Amadéo
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Inserm CIC 1401, Registre des cancers de la Gironde, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Céline Gramond
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
| | - Emilie Marrer
- Registre des cancers du Haut-Rhin, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse et Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, Grand Est, France
| | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies professionnelles, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | | | | | - François Gouin
- Inserm UI957, CHU Nantes, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Biopathology, Bergonie Institute, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Gironde Registry of Haematological Malignancies, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- Service d'Immunologie-Immunogénétique, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Nicolas Penel
- Medical Oncology Department, Ctr Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Maud Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | | | - Simone Mathoulin-Pélissier
- Inserm U1219 - EPICENE team, Université de Bordeaux, BordeauxCedex, Aquitaine, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Inserm CIC 1401, Institute Bergonie, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
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27
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Martinez AP, Fritchie KJ, Weiss SW, Agaimy A, Haller F, Huang HY, Lee S, Bahrami A, Folpe AL. Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor: rhabdomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma, or rhabdomyoblastic tumor of uncertain malignant potential? A histologically distinctive rhabdomyoblastic tumor in search of a place in the classification of skeletal muscle neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:446-457. [PMID: 30287926 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tumors are traditionally classified as rhabdomyoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. We have identified an unusual adult rhabdomyoblastic tumor not clearly corresponding to a previously described variant of rhabdomyoma or rhabdomyosarcoma, characterized by a very striking proliferation of non-neoplastic histiocytes, obscuring the underlying tumor. Ten cases were identified in nine males and one female with a median age of 43 years (range 23-69 years). Tumors involved the deep soft tissues of the trunk (N = 4), lower limbs (N = 4), and neck (N = 2). Tumors were well-circumscribed, nodular masses, frequently surrounded by a fibrous capsule containing lymphoid aggregates and sometimes calcifications. Numerous foamy macrophages, multinucleated Touton-type giant cells, and sheets/fascicles of smaller, often spindled macrophages largely obscured the underlying desmin, MyoD1, and myogenin-positive rhabdomyoblastic tumor. Cases were wild type for MYOD1 and no other mutations or rearrangements characteristic of a known subtype of rhabdomyoma or rhabdomyosarcoma were identified. Two of four cases successfully analyzed using a next-generation sequencing panel of 170 common cancer-related genes harbored inactivating NF1 mutations. Next-generation sequencing showed no gene fusions. Clinical follow (nine patients; median 9 months; mean 23 months; range 3-124 months) showed all patients received wide excision; four patients also received adjuvant radiotherapy and none received chemotherapy. At the time of last follow-up, all patients were alive and without disease; no local recurrences or distant metastases occurred. We hypothesize that these unusual tumors represent rhabdomyoblastic tumors of uncertain malignant potential. Possibly over time they should be relegated to a new category of skeletal muscle tumors of intermediate (borderline) malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55902
| | - Karen J Fritchie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55902
| | - Sharon W Weiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Seungjae Lee
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55902.
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28
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Carvalho SD, Pissaloux D, Crombé A, Coindre JM, Le Loarer F. Pleomorphic Sarcomas: The State of the Art. Surg Pathol Clin 2019; 12:63-105. [PMID: 30709449 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on pleomorphic sarcomas, which are malignant mesenchymal tumors with complex genetic background at the root of their morphologic pleomorphism. They are poorly differentiated tumors that may retain different lines of differentiation, sometimes correlating with clinicopathological or prognostic features. Accurate diagnosis in this group of tumors relies on adequate sampling due to their heterogeneity and assessment with both microscopy and large panels of immunohistochemistry. Molecular analyses have a limited role in their diagnosis as opposed to translocation-related sarcomas but may provide theranostic and important prognostic information in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Daniela Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes-Sao Victor, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, 276 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Pathology, Centre Leon Berard, Promenade Lea Bullukian, 69376 Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Crombé
- Department of Radiology, Institut Bergonié, 276 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Michel Coindre
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, 276 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Braga, Sete Fontes-Sao Victor, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal; University of Bordeaux, Talence, France.
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29
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Abstract
Adipocytic neoplasms include a diversity of both benign tumors (lipomas) and malignancies (liposarcomas), and each tumor type is characterized by its own unique molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Work over the past 30 years has established the diagnostic utility of several of these characteristic molecular alterations (e.g. MDM2 amplification in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, FUS/EWSR1-DDIT3 gene fusions in myxoid liposarcoma, RB1 loss in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma). More recent studies have focused on additional molecular alterations which may have therapeutic or prognostic impact. This review will summarize several of the important molecular findings in adipocytic tumors that have been described over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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30
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Mauduit O, Brulard C, Lesluyes T, Delcroix V, Pérot G, Choublier N, Michaud M, Baud J, Lagarde P, Aurias A, Coindre JM, Lartigue L, Blay JY, Chibon F. RCBTB1 Deletion Is Associated with Metastatic Outcome and Contributes to Docetaxel Resistance in Nontranslocation-Related Pleomorphic Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010081. [PMID: 30641971 PMCID: PMC6356223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Half of soft-tissue sarcomas are tumors with complex genomics, which display no specific genetic alterations and respond poorly to treatment. It is therefore necessary to find new therapeutic targets for these sarcomas. Despite genetic heterogeneity across samples, oncogenesis may be driven by common pathway alterations. Therefore, genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 106 sarcomas with complex genomics were analyzed to identify common pathways with altered genes. This brought out a gene belonging to the “cell cycle” biological pathway, RCBTB1 (RCC1 And BTB Domain Containing Protein 1), which is lost and downregulated in 62.5% of metastatic tumors against 34% of non-metastatic tumors. A retrospective study of three sarcoma cohorts revealed that low RCBTB1 expression is prognostic for metastatic progression, specifically in patients that received chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo, RCBTB1 overexpression in leiomyosarcoma cells specifically sensitized to docetaxel-induced apoptosis. This was associated with increased mitotic rate in vitro and higher growth rate of xenografts. By contrast, RCBTB1 inhibition decreased cell proliferation and protected sarcoma cells from apoptosis induced by docetaxel. Collectively, these data evidenced that RCBTB1 is frequently deleted in sarcomas with complex genomics and that its downregulation is associated with a higher risk of developing metastasis for patients receiving chemotherapy, likely due to their higher resistance to docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- ED 340 BMIC, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Brulard
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaëlle Pérot
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nina Choublier
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Orléans, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Mickael Michaud
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Baud
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Lagarde
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Alain Aurias
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Jean-Michel Coindre
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Pathology, Léon Bérard Center, F-69003 Lyon, France;
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- Inserm U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.M.); (C.B.); (T.L.); (V.D.); (G.P.); (N.C.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (P.L.); (A.A.); (J.-M.C.); (L.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Cancer Institute, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT) and Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-582-741765
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31
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Kim J, Kim JH, Kang HG, Park SY, Yu JY, Lee EY, Oh SE, Kim YH, Yun T, Park C, Cho SY, You HJ. Integrated molecular characterization of adult soft tissue sarcoma for therapeutic targets. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:216. [PMID: 30598078 PMCID: PMC6311917 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the molecular drivers and therapeutic targets in adult soft tissue sarcomas. However, such studies are limited by the genomic heterogeneity and rarity of sarcomas, particularly in those with complex and unbalanced karyotypes. Additional biomarkers are needed across sarcoma types to improve therapeutic strategies. To investigate the molecular characteristics of complex karyotype sarcomas (CKSs) for therapeutic targets, we performed genomic profiling. Results The mutational landscape showed that TP53, ATRX, and PTEN genes were highly mutated. CKS samples were categorized into three groups based on copy number variations that were associated with CDK4 and RB1 signatures. Integrated analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data revealed several pathways related to PDGFR, which could be a strategic target for anti-sarcoma therapy. Conclusions This study provides a detailed molecular classification of CKSs and proposes several therapeutic targets. Targeted or combinational therapies for treating CKS should be considered before chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0722-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.,Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Seog Yun Park
- Division of Pathology, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Yu
- Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Oh
- Orthopaedic Oncology Clinic, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Rare Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- Rare Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Clinical Genomic Analysis Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.
| | - Hye Jin You
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, NCC-GCSP, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea. .,Translational Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.
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32
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Abstract
Myogenic sarcomas include soft tissue sarcomas that show skeletal muscle differentiation (rhabdomyosarcoma) and those with smooth muscle differentiation (leiomyosarcoma). Rhabdomyosarcomas are more common in the pediatric age group and leiomyosarcomas occur more often in the adult population. Based on the clinico-pathologic features and genetic abnormalities identified, the rhabdomyosarcomas are classified into embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic subtypes. Each subtype shows distinctive morphology and has characteristic genetic abnormalities. In this update on myogenic sarcomas, each entity is discussed with special emphasis on recent updates in genetic findings and the diagnostic approach to these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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33
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Naghavi AO, Yang GQ, Latifi K, Gillies R, McLeod H, Harrison LB. The Future of Radiation Oncology in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancer Control 2018. [PMCID: PMC6291881 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818815504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important component of the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and has been traditionally incorporated with a homogenous approach despite the reality that STS displays a known heterogeneity in clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes. In this article, we explore the principle components of personalized medicine, including genomics, radiomics, and treatment response, along with their impact on the future of radiation therapy for STS. We propose a shift in the treatment paradigm for STS from a one-size-fits-all technique to one that implements the tenets of personalized medicine and includes the framework for a potential clinical trial technique in this heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash O. Naghavi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - George Q. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kujtim Latifi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Howard McLeod
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Louis B. Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Briski LM, Thomas DG, Patel RM, Lawlor ER, Chugh R, McHugh JB, Lucas DR. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation in soft-tissue sarcomas: A comparative study of synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Rare Tumors 2018; 10:2036361318813431. [PMID: 30505422 PMCID: PMC6256314 DOI: 10.1177/2036361318813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin
pathway is associated with many malignant neoplasms. This includes some
soft-tissue sarcoma phenotypes, most notably synovial sarcoma, implicating
potential targets for novel molecular therapies. Objective: We investigate the level of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation present in
leiomyosarcomas relative to synovial sarcomas, using expression of LEF1 and
β-catenin as surrogates. Methods: Cancer outlier profile analysis was performed on messenger RNA expression
datasets in Oncomine (70 synovial sarcomas, 178 leiomyosarcomas). Results
for LEF1 and β-catenin messenger RNA expression were reported in terms of
median-centered intensity. Separate immunohistochemical studies were
performed on tissue microarrays created from 77 synovial sarcomas and 89
leiomyosarcomas using antibodies to LEF1 and β-catenin. Tumors with
unequivocal strong nuclear staining involving ⩾5% of cells were interpreted
as positive. Results: Cancer outlier profile analysis demonstrated a higher level of LEF1 messenger
RNA expression in synovial sarcomas than in leiomyosarcomas
(p < 0.0001), but showed no significant difference
in β-catenin messenger RNA expression (p = 0.868).
Immunohistochemistry showed most synovial sarcomas had strong nuclear
expression of LEF1 (79%) and β-catenin (84%), while a small minority of
leiomyosarcomas had strong nuclear expression of LEF1 (5%) and β-catenin
(6%). Conclusion: These results provide further evidence that aberrant activation of the
Wnt/β-catenin pathway is present in most synovial sarcomas, but not in most
leiomyosarcomas. While targeting the constituents of this pathway might be
effective in the treatment of synovial sarcomas, it is not likely to be an
effective strategy in the treatment of leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David R Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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35
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Marko J, Wolfman DJ. Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcoma From the Radiologic Pathology Archives. Radiographics 2018; 38:1403-1420. [PMID: 30207936 PMCID: PMC6166742 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018180006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that shows smooth muscle differentiation. It is the second most common sarcoma to affect the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas may grow to large sizes before detection and may be an incidental finding at imaging. When symptomatic, retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma may cause compressive symptoms, including pain. Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma most commonly manifests as a large soft-tissue mass, with areas of necrosis. The most frequent pattern of growth is an entirely extravascular mass. Less commonly, leiomyosarcoma may demonstrate both extravascular and intravascular components. Rarely, retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas are completely intravascular, typically arising from the inferior vena cava. Given its variable imaging features, a large variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions are included in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. In this review, the authors discuss retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, with emphasis on the pathologic basis of disease, and illustrate the multimodality imaging appearances of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma using cases from the Radiologic Pathology Archives of the American Institute for Radiologic Pathology. The authors review important differential considerations of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, focusing on the extravascular pattern of growth, and emphasize clinical and imaging features that help radiologists differentiate leiomyosarcoma from the most frequent mimics. The information presented in this review will aid radiologists in fulfilling their key roles in the diagnosis, operative planning, and follow-up of patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Marko
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (J.M.); American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, 1100 Wayne Ave, Suite 1020, Silver Spring, MD 20910 (J.M., D.J.W.); and Community Radiology Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Washington, DC (D.J.W.)
| | - Darcy J. Wolfman
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (J.M.); American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, 1100 Wayne Ave, Suite 1020, Silver Spring, MD 20910 (J.M., D.J.W.); and Community Radiology Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Washington, DC (D.J.W.)
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36
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Kishore M, Gupta P, Ahuja A, Rao ASN, Bhardwaj M. Large retroperitoneal soft tissue tumor: A cytopathological diagnosis. Cytojournal 2018; 15:14. [PMID: 30034504 PMCID: PMC6028988 DOI: 10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_22_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Kishore
- Address: Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prajwala Gupta
- Address: Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Address: Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A S N Rao
- Department of Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Address: Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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37
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Development and Evaluation of a Pan-Sarcoma Fusion Gene Detection Assay Using the NanoString nCounter Platform. J Mol Diagn 2018; 20:63-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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38
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Tjarks BJ, Ko JS, Billings SD. Myxofibrosarcoma of unusual sites. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 45:104-110. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Joel Tjarks
- Department of Pathology; University of South Dakota - Sanford School of Medicine; Sioux Falls South Dakota
| | - Jennifer S. Ko
- Department of Pathology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Steven D. Billings
- Department of Pathology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
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39
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Wu YX, Liu JY, Liu JJ, Yan P, Tang B, Cui YH, Zhao YL, Shi Y, Hao YX, Yu PW, Qian F. A retrospective, single-center cohort study on 65 patients with primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1799-1810. [PMID: 29434876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma (PRPLS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy of the retroperitoneum. To determine the pathological features and the curative effects of surgery in patients with PRPLS, and to elucidate key prognostic factors, the present study retrospectively analyzed the clinical cases of 65 patients with PRPLS. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that vimentin and Ki-67 are better indicators for PRPLS immunohistochemical diagnosis compared with S-100 protein. S-100 protein was predominantly expressed in well-differentiated PRPLS. Positive expression of vimentin and Ki-67 were observed in almost all PRPLS samples, and Ki-67 exhibited a higher expression level in high-grade PRPLS. The level of Ki-67 expression was negatively correlated with disease-specific survival (DSS). Survival analysis revealed that the pathological subtype and histological grade were associated with DSS and local recurrence in the patients, whereas the tumor burden was associated with DSS but not local recurrence. In addition, complete tumor resection and contiguous organ resection were able to improve DSS. Microscopically positive margins did not affect DSS, whereas gross margins did. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological subtype, histological grade and contiguous organ resection were independent prognostic factors, and that histological grade was an independent factor for local recurrence. Patient sex and age at presentation were not independent factors associated with prognosis or local recurrence. Correlation analysis demonstrated that postoperative local recurrence significantly affected DSS, and local recurrence was the most common cause of mortality among patients. Histological grade was strongly associated with the invasion of adjacent organs but not with tumor burden. Furthermore, the tumor burden was not associated with recurrence or tumor invasion of adjacent organs. Ki-67 expression was associated with prognosis. Pathological subtype, histological grade and contiguous organ resection were independent prognostic factors, while histological grade was an independent factor which affected tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xue Hao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Wu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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40
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Al-Zaid T, Wang WL, Somaiah N, Lazar AJ. Molecular profiling of sarcomas: new vistas for precision medicine. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:243-255. [PMID: 28664413 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a large and heterogeneous group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with significant histological overlap. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging yet important for selecting the appropriate treatment approach and prognosis. The currently torrid pace of new genomic discoveries aids our classification and diagnosis of sarcomas, understanding of pathogenesis, development of new medications, and identification of alterations that predict prognosis and response to therapy. Unfortunately, demonstrating effective targets for precision oncology has been elusive in most sarcoma types. The list of potential targets greatly outnumbers the list of available inhibitors at the present time. This review will discuss the role of molecular profiling in sarcomas in general with emphasis on selected entities with particular clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Al-Zaid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Boulevard-Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeta Somaiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Boulevard-Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Mandahl N, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Viklund B, Arbajian E, von Steyern FV, Isaksson A, Mertens F. Scattered genomic amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:25. [PMID: 28652867 PMCID: PMC5483303 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) are cytogenetically characterized by near-diploid karyotypes with no or few other aberrations than supernumerary ring or giant marker chromosomes, although DDLS tend to have somewhat more complex rearrangements. In contrast, pleomorphic liposarcomas (PLS) have highly aberrant and heterogeneous karyotypes. The ring and giant marker chromosomes contain discontinuous amplicons, in particular including multiple copies of the target genes CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 from 12q, but often also sequences from other chromosomes. Results The present study presents a DDLS with an atypical hypertriploid karyotype without any ring or giant marker chromosomes. SNP array analyses revealed amplification of almost the entire 5p and discontinuous amplicons of 12q including the classical target genes, in particular CDK4. In addition, amplicons from 1q, 3q, 7p, 9p, 11q and 20q, covering from 2 to 14 Mb, were present. FISH analyses showed that sequences from 5p and 12q were scattered, separately or together, over more than 10 chromosomes of varying size. At RNA sequencing, significantly elevated expression, compared to myxoid liposarcomas, was seen for TRIO and AMACR in 5p and of CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 in 12q. Conclusions The observed pattern of scattered amplification does not show the characteristics of chromothripsis, but is novel and differs from the well known cytogenetic manifestations of amplification, i.e., double minutes, homogeneously staining regions and ring chromosomes. Possible explanations for this unusual distribution of amplified sequences might be the mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomeres that is frequently active in DDLS and events associated with telomere crisis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Mandahl
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Viklund
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Isaksson
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Di Giorgio E, Franforte E, Cefalù S, Rossi S, Dei Tos AP, Brenca M, Polano M, Maestro R, Paluvai H, Picco R, Brancolini C. The co-existence of transcriptional activator and transcriptional repressor MEF2 complexes influences tumor aggressiveness. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006752. [PMID: 28419090 PMCID: PMC5413110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of MEF2 TFs to the tumorigenic process is still mysterious. Here we clarify that MEF2 can support both pro-oncogenic or tumor suppressive activities depending on the interaction with co-activators or co-repressors partners. Through these interactions MEF2 supervise histone modifications associated with gene activation/repression, such as H3K4 methylation and H3K27 acetylation. Critical switches for the generation of a MEF2 repressive environment are class IIa HDACs. In leiomyosarcomas (LMS), this two-faced trait of MEF2 is relevant for tumor aggressiveness. Class IIa HDACs are overexpressed in 22% of LMS, where high levels of MEF2, HDAC4 and HDAC9 inversely correlate with overall survival. The knock out of HDAC9 suppresses the transformed phenotype of LMS cells, by restoring the transcriptional proficiency of some MEF2-target loci. HDAC9 coordinates also the demethylation of H3K4me3 at the promoters of MEF2-target genes. Moreover, we show that class IIa HDACs do not bind all the regulative elements bound by MEF2. Hence, in a cell MEF2-target genes actively transcribed and strongly repressed can coexist. However, these repressed MEF2-targets are poised in terms of chromatin signature. Overall our results candidate class IIa HDACs and HDAC9 in particular, as druggable targets for a therapeutic intervention in LMS. The tumorigenic process is characterized by profound alterations of the transcriptional landscape, aimed to sustain uncontrolled cell growth, resistance to apoptosis and metastasis. The contribution of MEF2, a pleiotropic family of transcription factors, to these changes is controversial, since both pro-oncogenic and tumor-suppressive activities have been reported. To clarify this paradox, we studied the role of MEF2 in an aggressive type of soft-tissue sarcomas, the leiomyosarcomas (LMS). We found that in LMS cells MEF2 become oncogenes when in complex with class IIa HDACs. We have identified different sub-classes of MEF2-target genes and observed that HDAC9 converts MEF2 into transcriptional repressors on some, but not all, MEF2-regulated loci. This conversion correlates with the acquisition by MEF2 of oncogenic properties. We have also elucidated some epigenetic re-arrangements supervised by MEF2. In summary, our studies suggest that the paradoxical actions of MEF2 in cancer can be explained by their dual role as activators/repressors of transcription and open new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
| | - Elisa Franforte
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cefalù
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Brenca
- Experimental Oncology 1, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- Experimental Oncology 1, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Experimental Oncology 1, CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Harikrishnareddy Paluvai
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
| | - Raffaella Picco
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4-Udine Italy
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43
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Lee PJ, Yoo NS, Hagemann IS, Pfeifer JD, Cottrell CE, Abel HJ, Duncavage EJ. Spectrum of mutations in leiomyosarcomas identified by clinical targeted next-generation sequencing. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, is defined by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells producing osteoid or immature bone. The peak incidence of the most frequent type of OS, i.e., high-grade central OS, occurs in the second decade of life during the adolescent growth spurt. Most patients suffer from the pain and swelling in the involved region and, usually, seek medical attention. Diagnosis is carried out by conventional radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance image (MRI). In addition, three-phase bone scans, thallium scintigraphy, dynamic MRI, and positron emission spectroscopy are new innovative promising tools. OS can be treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. There is a clear need for newer effective agents for patients with OS, especially for patients who afflicted with metastatic and recurrence tumor. Monoclonal antibodies directed against OS may prove useful as treatment, either for drug delivery or for radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Jain Taran
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Taran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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45
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Zewdu A, Lopez G, Braggio D, Kenny C, Constantino D, Bid HK, Batte K, Iwenofu OH, Oberlies NH, Pearce CJ, Strohecker AM, Lev D, Pollock RE. Verticillin A Inhibits Leiomyosarcoma and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Growth via Induction of Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 28184331 PMCID: PMC5295762 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1459.1000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) represents a major challenge for the development of effective therapeutics. Comprised of over 50 different histology subtypes of various etiologies, STS subsets are further characterized as either karyotypically simple or complex. Due to the number of genetic anomalies associated with genetically complex STS, development of therapies demonstrating potency against this STS cluster is especially challenging and yet greatly needed. Verticillin A is a small molecule natural product with demonstrated anticancer activity; however, the efficacy of this agent has never been evaluated in STS. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore verticillin A as a potential STS therapeutic. Methods We performed survival (MTS) and clonogenic analyses to measure the impact of this agent on the viability and colony formation capability of karyotypically complex STS cell lines: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The in vitro effects of verticillin A on apoptosis were investigated through annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and by measuring fluorescently-labeled cleaved caspase 3/7 activity. The impact on cell cycle progression was assessed via cytometric measurement of propidium iodide intercalation. In vivo studies were performed using MPNST xenograft models. Tumors were processed and analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for verticillin A effects on growth (Ki67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3). Results Treatment with verticillin A resulted in decreased STS growth and an increase in apoptotic levels after 24 h. 100 nM verticillin A induced significant cellular growth abrogation after 24 h (96.7, 88.7, 72.7, 57, and 39.7% reduction in LMS1, S462, ST88, SKLMS1, and MPNST724, respectively). We observed no arrest in cell cycle, elevated annexin, and a nearly two-fold increase in cleaved caspase 3/7 activity in all MPNST and LMS cell lines. Control normal human Schwann (HSC) and aortic smooth muscle (HASMC) cells displayed higher tolerance to verticillin A treatment compared to sarcoma cell lines, although toxicity was seen in HSC at the highest treatment dose. In vivo studies mirrored the in vitro results: by day 11, tumor size was significantly reduced in MPNST724 xenograft models with treatment of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg verticillin A. Additionally, IHC assessment of tumors demonstrated increased cleaved caspase 3 and decreased proliferation (Ki67) following treatment with verticillin A. Conclusion Advancement in the treatment of karyotypically complex STS is confounded by the high level of genetic abnormalities found in these diseases. Consequently, the identification and investigation of novel therapies is greatly needed. Our data suggest that verticillin A selectively inhibits MPNST and LMS growth via induction of apoptosis while exhibiting minimal to moderate effects on normal cells, pointing to verticillin A as a potential treatment for MPNST and LMS, after additional preclinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zewdu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - G Lopez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Braggio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C Kenny
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Constantino
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - H K Bid
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Resonant Therapeutics, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - K Batte
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - O H Iwenofu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - C J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA
| | - A M Strohecker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Lev
- Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R E Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; The James Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Recurrent CIC Gene Abnormalities in Angiosarcomas: A Molecular Study of 120 Cases With Concurrent Investigation of PLCG1, KDR, MYC, and FLT4 Gene Alterations. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40:645-55. [PMID: 26735859 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare sarcoma subtype showing considerable clinicopathologic and genetic heterogeneity. Most radiation-induced AS show MYC gene amplifications, with a subset of cases harboring KDR, PTPRB, and PLCG1 mutations. Despite recent advances, the genetic abnormalities of most primary AS remain undefined. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was initiated in 2 index cases of primary soft tissue AS with epithelioid morphology occurring in young adults for novel gene discovery. The candidate abnormalities were validated and then screened by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization in a large cohort of 120 well-characterized AS cases. Findings were subsequently correlated with the status of KDR, PLCG1, MYC, and FLT4 gene abnormalities. The clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic significance of these genetic changes were analyzed by statistical methods. Concurrent CIC mutations and CIC rearrangements were identified in both index cases, with a CIC-LEUTX fusion detected in 1 case. Upon screening, an additional visceral AS in a young adult had a complex CIC rearrangement, whereas 6 others harbored only CIC mutations. All 3 CIC-rearranged AS cases lacked vasoformation and had a solid growth of round, epithelioid to rhabdoid cells, showing immunoreactivity for CD31 and Ets-related gene and sharing a transcriptional signature with other round cell sarcomas, including CIC-rearranged tumors. Overall, CIC abnormalities occurred in 9% (9/98) of cases, affecting younger patients with primary AS, with an inferior disease-free survival. In contrast, PLCG1 and KDR mutations occurred in both primary and secondary AS cases, accounting for 9.5% and 7%, respectively, with a predilection for breast and bone/viscera location, regardless of MYC status. MYC amplification was present in most secondary AS related to breast cancer (91%) compared with other causes (25%) or primary AS (7%). FLT4-amplified AS lacked PLCG1/KDR mutations, occurring predominantly in MYC-amplified population, and showed poor prognosis.
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Kohno S, Kitajima S, Sasaki N, Takahashi C. Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor functions shared by stem cell and cancer cell strategies. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:170-84. [PMID: 27114748 PMCID: PMC4835675 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i4.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic transformation of somatic cells resembles nuclear reprogramming toward the generation of pluripotent stem cells. These events share eternal escape from cellular senescence, continuous self-renewal in limited but certain population of cells, and refractoriness to terminal differentiation while maintaining the potential to differentiate into cells of one or multiple lineages. As represented by several oncogenes those appeared to be first keys to pluripotency, carcinogenesis and nuclear reprogramming seem to share a number of core mechanisms. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor product retinoblastoma (RB) seems to be critically involved in both events in highly complicated manners. However, disentangling such complicated interactions has enabled us to better understand how stem cell strategies are shared by cancer cells. This review covers recent findings on RB functions related to stem cells and stem cell-like behaviors of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kohno
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Nobunari Sasaki
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Susumu Kohno, Chiaki Takahashi, Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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48
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Mertens F, Antonescu CR, Mitelman F. Gene fusions in soft tissue tumors: Recurrent and overlapping pathogenetic themes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:291-310. [PMID: 26684580 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions have been described in approximately one-third of soft tissue tumors (STT); of the 142 different fusions that have been reported, more than half are recurrent in the same histologic subtype. These gene fusions constitute pivotal driver mutations, and detailed studies of their cellular effects have provided important knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms in STT. Furthermore, most fusions are strongly associated with a particular histotype, serving as ideal molecular diagnostic markers. In recent years, it has also become apparent that some chimeric proteins, directly or indirectly, constitute excellent treatment targets, making the detection of gene fusions in STT ever more important. Indeed, pharmacological treatment of STT displaying fusions that activate protein kinases, such as ALK and ROS1, or growth factors, such as PDGFB, is already in clinical use. However, the vast majority (52/78) of recurrent gene fusions create structurally altered and/or deregulated transcription factors, and a small but growing subset develops through rearranged chromatin regulators. The present review provides an overview of the spectrum of currently recognized gene fusions in STT, and, on the basis of the protein class involved, the mechanisms by which they exert their oncogenic effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Felix Mitelman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Machado E, White-Gilbertson S, van de Vlekkert D, Janke L, Moshiach S, Campos Y, Finkelstein D, Gomero E, Mosca R, Qiu X, Morton CL, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A. Regulated lysosomal exocytosis mediates cancer progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500603. [PMID: 26824057 PMCID: PMC4730843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how tumor cells transition to an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype is central to cancer biology, but the mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear. We show that sarcomas gain these malignant traits by inducing lysosomal exocytosis, a ubiquitous physiological process. During lysosomal exocytosis, the movement of exocytic lysosomes along the cytoskeleton and their docking at the plasma membrane involve LAMP1, a sialylated membrane glycoprotein and target of the sialidase NEU1. Cleavage of LAMP1 sialic acids by NEU1 limits the extent of lysosomal exocytosis. We found that by down-regulation of NEU1 and accumulation of oversialylated LAMP1, tumor cells exacerbate lysosomal exocytosis of soluble hydrolases and exosomes. This facilitates matrix invasion and propagation of invasive signals, and purging of lysosomotropic chemotherapeutics. In Arf (-⁄-) mice, Neu1 haploinsufficiency fostered the development of invasive, pleomorphic sarcomas, expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and lysosomal exocytosis effectors, LAMP1 and Myosin-11. These features are analogous to those of metastatic, pleomorphic human sarcomas, where low NEU1 levels correlate with high expression of lysosomal exocytosis markers. In a therapeutic proof of principle, we demonstrate that inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis reversed invasiveness and chemoresistance in aggressive sarcoma cells. Thus, we reveal that this unconventional, lysosome-regulated pathway plays a primary role in tumor progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Simon Moshiach
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher L. Morton
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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50
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Agaram NP, Zhang L, LeLoarer F, Silk T, Sung YS, Scott SN, Kuk D, Qin LX, Berger MF, Antonescu CR, Singer S. Targeted exome sequencing profiles genetic alterations in leiomyosarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:124-30. [PMID: 26541895 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) belongs to the class of genetically complex sarcomas and shows numerous, often non-recurrent chromosomal imbalances and aberrations. We investigated a group of LMS using NGS platform to identify recurrent genetic abnormalities and possible therapeutic targets. Targeted exome sequencing of 230 cancer-associated genes was performed on 35 primary soft tissue and visceral (extra-uterine) LMS. Sequence data were analyzed to identify single nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions (indels), and copy number alterations. Key alterations were further investigated using FISH assay. The study group included patients with median age of 64 years and median tumor size of 7 cm. The primary sites included retroperitoneal/intra-abdominal, extremity, truncal, and visceral. Thirty-one tumors were high grade LMS, while four were low grade. Losses of chromosomal regions involving key tumor suppressor genes PTEN (10q), RB1 (13q), CDH1 (16q), and TP53 (17p) were the most frequent genetic events. Gains mainly involved chromosome regions 17p11.2 (MYOCD) and 15q25-26 (IGF1R). The most frequent mutations were identified in the TP53 gene in 13 of 35 (37%) cases. FISH analysis showed amplification of the myocardin (MYOCD) gene in 5 of 25 (20%) cases analyzed. None of the four low grade LMS showed losses or mutations of PTEN or TP53 genes. Genetic complexity is the hallmark of LMS with losses of important tumor suppressor genes being a common feature. MYOCD, a key gene associated with smooth muscle differentiation, is amplified in a subset of both retroperitoneal and extremity LMS. Further studies are necessary to investigate the significance of gains/amplifications in the development of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Francois LeLoarer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tarik Silk
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sasinya N Scott
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Deborah Kuk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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