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Mukherjee A, Gilles-Thomas EA, Kwok HY, Shorter CE, Sontate KV, McSain SL, Honeycutt SC, Loney GC. Bilateral insular cortical lesions reduce sensitivity to the adverse consequences of acute ethanol intoxication in Pavlovian conditioning procedures. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1473-1482. [PMID: 38838083 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to the adverse post-ingestive effects of ethanol likely serves as a deterrent to initiate alcohol consumption early in drinking and later may contribute to efforts to remain abstinent. Administering ethanol to naïve rats prior to Pavlovian conditioning procedures elicits robust ethanol-conditioned taste and place avoidance (CTA; CPA) mediated by its subjective interoceptive properties. The insular cortex (IC) has been implicated as a region involved in mediating sensitivity to the interoceptive properties of ethanol. Here, we examined whether bilateral lesions of the IC affect the acquisition and expression of taste and place avoidance in ethanol-induced CTA and CPA paradigms. METHODS Adult male and female Wistar rats received bilateral excitotoxic lesions (ibotenic acid; 20 mg/mL; 0.3 μL) of the IC prior to conditioning procedures. Subsequently, rats were conditioned to associate a novel taste stimulus (0.1% saccharin) and context with the effects of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) in a combined CTA/CPP procedure. Conditioning occurred over 8 alternating CS+/CS- days, followed by tests for expression of taste and place preferences. Data from IC-lesioned rats were compared with neurologically intact rats. RESULTS Our findings revealed that neurologically intact rats showed a significantly stronger ethanol-induced CTA than IC-lesioned rats. There were no significant differences in total fluid intake when rats consumed water (CS-). As with CTA effects, intact rats showed a strong CPA, marked by a greater reduction in time spent on the drug-paired context, while IC-lesioned rats failed to display CPA to ethanol. CONCLUSION These results indicate that proper IC functioning is necessary for responding to the adverse interoceptive properties of ethanol regardless of which Pavlovian paradigm is used to assess interoceptive responsivity to ethanol. Blunted IC functioning from chronic ethanol use may reduce interoceptive signaling specifically of ethanol's adverse effects thus contributing to increased alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Mukherjee
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gilles-Thomas
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hay Young Kwok
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Cerissa E Shorter
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kajol V Sontate
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shannon L McSain
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarah C Honeycutt
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gregory C Loney
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Gos A, Steiner J, Trübner K, Mawrin C, Kaliszan M, Gos T. Impairment of the GABAergic system in the anterior insular cortex of heroin-addicted males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01848-2. [PMID: 38980335 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a global problem, causing the greatest health burden among drug use disorders, with opioid overdose deaths topping the statistics of fatal overdoses. The multifunctional anterior insular cortex (AIC) is involved in inhibitory control, which is severely impaired in opioid addiction. GABAergic interneurons shape the output of the AIC, where abnormalities have been reported in individuals addicted to opioids. In these neurons, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) with its isoforms GAD 65 and 67 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of GABA, and research data point to a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the AIC in opioid addiction. Our study, which was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from the Magdeburg Brain Bank, aimed to investigate abnormalities in the GABAergic function of the AIC in opioid addiction by densitometric evaluation of GAD 65/67-immunostained neuropil. The study showed bilaterally increased neuropil density in layers III and V in 13 male heroin-addicted males compared to 12 healthy controls, with significant U-test P values for layer V bilaterally. Analysis of confounding variables showed that age, brain volume and duration of formalin fixation did not confound the results. Our findings suggest a dysregulation of GABAergic activity in the AIC in opioid addiction, which is consistent with experimental data from animal models and human neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gos
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Trübner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Mattioni L, Sestieri C, Perrucci MG, Spada MM, Ferri F. The role of interoceptive awareness in shaping the relationship between desire thinking and cigarette consumption. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 201:112369. [PMID: 38768660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to sense and interpret bodily sensations, has recently emerged as a crucial factor in substance use disorders, including smoking. However, the role of interoceptive awareness in tobacco use remains poorly understood. The relationship between interoceptive ability and addictive behavior is complex, and attempting to conceptualize it as a linear association is unlikely to fully capture the complexity of the mechanisms underlying cravings and urges. We hypothesized that the role played by interoceptive awareness in tobacco use is deeply linked to desire thinking, that is, the conscious and voluntary cognitive process orienting to prefigure images, information, and memories about positive target-related experiences. Desire thinking is typically observed in addiction, where it may contribute to interpreting specific bodily sensations, such as the perceived need for a cigarette. From this perspective, the physiological impact and inclination toward desire thinking contribute to a higher daily cigarette consumption, particularly in situations of low interoceptive awareness. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the physiological activation, the tendency toward desire thinking about smoking, cigarette consumption, and the interoceptive abilities of smoking volunteers. Through a moderation analysis, we showed that desire thinking about smoking predicts a higher number of cigarettes per day in individuals with lower interoceptive awareness (p < .05). These findings suggest that the relationship between desire thinking and interoceptive awareness is a fundamental component of tobacco use, highlighting the importance of taking into account the bodily feedback deriving from the cognitive representation of smoking in addiction research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mattioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Carlo Sestieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro G Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences - and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Amlung M, Marsden E, Hargreaves T, Sweet LH, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Neural correlates of increased alcohol demand following alcohol cue exposure in adult heavy drinkers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111809. [PMID: 38547596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is associated with overvaluation of alcohol relative to other rewards, in part due to dynamic increases in value in response to alcohol-related cues. In a neuroeconomic framework, alcohol cues increase behavioral economic demand for alcohol, but the neural correlates these cue effects are unknown. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study combined a neuroeconomic alcohol purchase task with an alcohol cue exposure in 72 heavy drinkers with established sensitivity to alcohol cues (51 % female; mean age=33.74). Participants reported how many drinks they would consume from $0-$80/drink following exposure to neutral and alcohol images in a fixed order. Participants purchased significantly more drinks in the alcohol compared to the neutral condition, which was also evident for demand indices (i.e., intensity, breakpoint, Omax, elasticity; ps<0.001; ds=0.46-0.92). Alcohol purchase decisions were associated with activation in rostral middle and medial frontal gyri, anterior insula, posterior parietal cortex, and dorsal striatum, among other regions. Activation was lower across regions in the alcohol relative to neutral cue condition, potentially due to greater automaticity of choices in the presence of alcohol cues or attenuation of responses due to fixed cue order. These results contribute to growing literature using neuroeconomics to understand alcohol misuse and provide a foundation for future research investigating decision-making effects of environmental alcohol triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amlung
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Emma Marsden
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Honeycutt S, Mukherjee A, Paladino M, Gilles-Thomas E, Loney G. Adolescent nicotine exposure promotes adulthood opioid consumption that persists despite adverse consequences and increases the density of insular perineuronal nets. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 11:100150. [PMID: 38911872 PMCID: PMC11192509 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence marks a sensitive period for neurodevelopment wherein exposure to drugs of abuse may disrupt maturation and induce persistent changes in neurophysiology which may exacerbate the risk for developing substance use disorders in adulthood. Adolescent nicotine exposure (ANE) enhances motivation to obtain drugs of abuse, particularly opioids, and increases vulnerability for the development of opioid use disorder (OUD). Here, we characterized ANE effects on learning about the adverse consequences of opioid consumption in adulthood in the absence of further nicotine administration. First, we show that ANE engenders punishment resistant fentanyl self-administration in a heterogenous seeking-taking chain schedule of reinforcement at least at the tested dose of fentanyl (0.75 μg/kg). We found that ANE rats consumed significantly more fentanyl and contingent foot shock punishment was less efficacious in limiting fentanyl seeking in ANE rats, relative to nicotine-naïve controls. Next, we demonstrated that ANE limits learning about the deleterious consequences of acute opioid intoxication in adulthood. In a combined conditioned taste avoidance and place preference paradigm we found that ANE resulted in significant reductions in the strength of morphine-induced CTA, and a simultaneous enhancement of CPP at a higher dose that was less capable of driving reinforcement in naïve controls. Finally, we examined the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) within insular cortex (IC) and found ANE rats to have increased density of PNNs across the anterior IC and significantly more parvalbumin-labeled IC cells relative to naïve controls. Together, these data lay the framework for a mechanistic explanation of the extreme comorbidity between nicotine use and development of OUDs.
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Kim M, Seong G, Jeon MJ, Jung YC, Lee D. The mediating effect of attentional impulsivity between mindfulness and problematic smartphone use. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38637786 PMCID: PMC11025234 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic smartphone use has been linked to lower levels of mindfulness, impaired attentional function, and higher impulsivity. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use by exploring the relationship between addictive smartphone use, mindfulness, attentional function and impulsivity. METHODS Ninety participants were evaluated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale and classified into the problematic smartphone use group (n = 42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6 ± 7.2 years) or normal use group (n = 48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1 ± 5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their trait impulsivity and mindfulness and attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, attentional function, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use through mediation analysis. RESULTS The problematic smartphone use group showed higher trait impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal use group. There were no significant group differences in performance on attention tests. Levels of addictive smartphone use were significantly correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and lower levels of mindfulness, but not with performance on attention tests. Mediation analysis showed that acting with awareness, an aspect of mindfulness, reduces the degree of addictive smartphone use through attentional impulsivity, one of the trait impulsivity. CONCLUSION Acting without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports that executive control deficits, reflected in high attentional impulsivity, contribute to problematic smartphone use. Our findings imply that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance executive control over smartphone use by promoting awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Seong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Jeon
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Yonsei Empathy Psychiatry Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Bloomer BF, Larson ER, Tullar RL, Herms EN, Bolbecker AR, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP, Wisner KM. Alterations in self-reported sensory gating and interoception in individuals frequently using cannabis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38563523 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2332602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cannabis use is associated with altered processing of external (exteroceptive) and internal (interoceptive) sensory stimuli. However, little research exists on whether subjective experiences of these processes are altered in people who frequently use cannabis. Altered exteroception may influence externally oriented attention, whereas interoceptive differences have implications for intoxication, craving, and withdrawal states.Objectives: The goal of the current study was to investigate subjective experiences of exteroceptive sensory gating and interoception in people frequently using cannabis. We hypothesized subjective impairments in sensory gating and elevations in affect-related interoceptive awareness; furthermore, such deviations would relate to cannabis use patterns.Methods: This cross-sectional study of community adults 18-40 years old included 72 individuals (50% female) who used cannabis at least twice a week (not intoxicated during study) and 78 individuals who did not use cannabis (60% female). Participants completed the Sensory Gating Inventory and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 surveys. People using cannabis completed surveys on cannabis use patterns. Analyses tested group differences and associations with cannabis use.Results: People using cannabis reported impaired sensory gating (d = 0.37-0.44; all p values < 0.05) and elevations of interoceptive awareness related to detection and affect (d = 0.21-0.61; all p values < 0.05). Problematic cannabis use was associated with increased sensory gating impairments (r = 0.37, p < .05). Interoceptive awareness was unrelated to cannabis use variables.Conclusion: These findings extend literature on subjective experiences of sensory processing in people using cannabis. Findings may inform inclusion of external attentional tendencies and internal bodily awareness in assessments of risk and novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess F Bloomer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Eric R Larson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Rachel L Tullar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emma N Herms
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Starski P, Morningstar MD, Katner SN, Frasier RM, De Oliveira Sergio T, Wean S, Lapish CC, Hopf FW. Neural Activity in the Anterior Insula at Drinking Onset and Licking Relates to Compulsion-Like Alcohol Consumption. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1490232023. [PMID: 38242696 PMCID: PMC10904088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1490-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Much remains unknown about the etiology of compulsion-like alcohol drinking, where consumption persists despite adverse consequences. The role of the anterior insula (AIC) in emotion, motivation, and interoception makes this brain region a likely candidate to drive challenge-resistant behavior, including compulsive drinking. Indeed, subcortical projections from the AIC promote compulsion-like intake in rats and are recruited in heavy-drinking humans during compulsion for alcohol, highlighting the importance of and need for more information about AIC activity patterns that support aversion-resistant responding. Single-unit activity was recorded in the AIC from 15 male rats during alcohol-only and compulsion-like consumption. We found three sustained firing phenotypes, sustained-increase, sustained-decrease, and drinking-onset cells, as well as several firing patterns synchronized with licking. While many AIC neurons had session-long activity changes, only neurons with firing increases at drinking onset had greater activity under compulsion-like conditions. Further, only cells with persistent firing increases maintained activity during pauses in licking, suggesting roles in maintaining drive for alcohol during breaks. AIC firing was not elevated during saccharin drinking, similar to lack of effect of AIC inhibition on sweet fluid intake in many studies. In addition, we observed subsecond changes in AIC neural activity tightly entrained to licking. One lick-synched firing pattern (determined for all licks in a session) predicted compulsion-like drinking, while a separate lick-associated pattern correlated with greater consumption across alcohol intake conditions. Collectively, these data provide a more integrated model for the role of AIC firing in compulsion-like drinking, with important relevance for how the AIC promotes sustained motivated responding more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Starski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | - Mitch D Morningstar
- Department of Psychology, IU-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | - Simon N Katner
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | - Raizel M Frasier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | | | - Sarah Wean
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | - Christopher C Lapish
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | - F Woodward Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
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Hsu LM, Cerri DH, Lee SH, Shnitko TA, Carelli RM, Shih YYI. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity between the Anterior Insular and Retrosplenial Cortex as a Moderator and Consequence of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1452232023. [PMID: 38233216 PMCID: PMC10869158 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1452-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While functional brain imaging studies in humans suggest that chronic cocaine use alters functional connectivity (FC) within and between key large-scale brain networks, including the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN), cross-sectional studies in humans are challenging to obtain brain FC prior to cocaine use. Such information is critical to reveal the relationship between individual's brain FC and the subsequent development of cocaine dependence and brain changes during abstinence. Here, we performed a longitudinal study examining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in male rats (n = 7), acquired before cocaine self-administration (baseline), on 1 d of abstinence following 10 d of cocaine self-administration, and again after 30 d of experimenter-imposed abstinence. Using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with network-based statistics (NBS), significant connectivity changes were found between anterior insular cortex (AI) of the SN, retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of the DMN, somatosensory cortex, and caudate-putamen (CPu), with AI-RSC FC showing the most robust changes between baseline and 1 d of abstinence. Additionally, the level of escalated cocaine intake is associated with AI-RSC and AI-CPu FC changes between 1 d and 30 d of abstinence; further, the subjects' AI-RSC FC prior to cocaine intake is a significant moderator for the AI-RSC changes during abstinence. These results provide novel insights into the roles of AI-RSC FC before and after cocaine intake and suggest this circuit to be a potential target to modulate large-scale network and associated behavioral changes in cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Hsu
- Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Departments of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
| | - Domenic H Cerri
- Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Departments of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Departments of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
| | - Tatiana A Shnitko
- Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Departments of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
| | - Regina M Carelli
- Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
- Departments of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, North Carolina
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Le T, Oba T, Couch L, McInerney L, Li CS. Deficits in proactive avoidance and neural responses to drinking motives in problem drinkers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3924584. [PMID: 38405986 PMCID: PMC10889056 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3924584/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Physical pain and negative emotions represent two distinct drinking motives that contribute to harmful alcohol use. Proactive avoidance which can reduce problem drinking in response to these motives appears to be impaired in problem drinkers. However, proactive avoidance and its underlying neural deficits have not been assessed experimentally. How these deficits inter-relate with drinking motives to influence alcohol use also remains unclear. The current study leveraged neuroimaging data collected in forty-one problem and forty-one social drinkers who performed a probabilistic learning go/nogo task that involved proactive avoidance of painful outcomes. We characterized the regional brain responses to proactive avoidance and identified the neural correlates of drinking to avoid physical pain and negative emotions. Behavioral results confirmed problem drinkers' proactive avoidance deficits in learning rate and performance accuracy, both which were associated with greater alcohol use. Imaging findings in problem drinkers showed that negative emotions as a drinking motive predicted attenuated right insula activation during proactive avoidance. In contrast, physical pain motive predicted reduced right putamen response. These regions' activations as well as functional connectivity with the somatomotor cortex also demonstrated a negative relationship with drinking severity and positive relationship with proactive avoidance performance. Path modeling further delineated the pathways through which physical pain and negative emotions, along with alcohol use severity, influenced the neural and behavioral measures of proactive avoidance. Taken together, the current findings provide experimental evidence for proactive avoidance deficits in problem drinkers and establish the link between their neural underpinnings and alcohol misuse.
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11
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Di Carlo F, Vicinelli MC, Pettorruso M, De Risio L, Migliara G, Baccolini V, Trioni J, Grant JE, Dell'Osso B, Martinotti G. Connected minds in disconnected bodies: Exploring the role of interoceptive sensibility and alexithymia in problematic use of the internet. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 129:152446. [PMID: 38159504 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ever-increasing prominence of the internet and digital technology in our society requires a deeper examination of how these developments alter perception of our bodies and emotions. One such consequence is the emergence of Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI) - an array of compulsive or addictive behaviors mediated by the web that detrimentally affect an individual's functioning. This suggests that some people may be shifting their consciousness from the physical realm to the digital world. The objective of this study was to investigate how shortcomings in interoception (the sensibility to bodily signals) and alexithymia (an inability to identify and express emotions) might contribute to PUI. METHODS The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) were used to assess a sample of 1076 adolescents and young adults aged between 16 and 26 years via an online survey. Data analysis was based on t-test, correlations and multivariate regression. RESULTS 26.8% (n = 288) of participants met the criteria for moderate PUI. Individuals with PUI displayed higher levels of alexithymia (p < 0.001) and diminished abilities in certain aspects of interoceptive sensibility, including placing trust in their own bodily signals (p = 0.006), not responding excessively to uncomfortable sensations with worry (p < 0.001), and not denying them (p = 0.006). Multivariate modelling revealed associations between PUI and the following factors: having a boyfriend/girlfriend (aOR = 5.70), substance use (aOR = 1.78), difficulty in identifying feelings (aOR = 1.09), externally oriented thinking (aOR = 1.05), low disposition in perceiving body sensations (aOR = 0.25), tendency to become distracted (aOR = 0.82) or excessively worried (aOR = 0.11) in the face of pain. Furthermore, the analysis indicated how these aspects of body perception may be interrelated, either enhancing or reducing the risk of PUI when examined individually, collectively, or in combination. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the potential connection between difficulties in the mind-body interaction and the development of PUI. It suggests a bidirectional relationship between excessive digital device use and distorted bodily interoceptive processes in PUI, reinforcing the notion that individuals struggling with emotion identification and expression may be more prone to excessive internet usage. To further comprehend the relevance of these constructs in PUI, it is necessary to conduct more targeted investigations and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Vicinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASL Roma 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Trioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Clinical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Brevers D, Billieux J, de Timary P, Desmedt O, Maurage P, Perales JC, Suárez-Suárez S, Bechara A. Physical Exercise to Redynamize Interoception in Substance use Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1047-1063. [PMID: 36918784 PMCID: PMC10964100 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230314143803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered a promising medication-free and cost-effective adjunct treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Nevertheless, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these interventions is currently limited, thereby signaling the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying their impact on SUD, in order to reframe and optimize them. Here we advance that physical exercise could be re-conceptualized as an "interoception booster", namely as a way to help people with SUD to better decode and interpret bodily-related signals associated with transient states of homeostatic imbalances that usually trigger consumption. We first discuss how mismatches between current and desired bodily states influence the formation of reward-seeking states in SUD, in light of the insular cortex brain networks. Next, we detail effort perception during physical exercise and discuss how it can be used as a relevant framework for re-dynamizing interoception in SUD. We conclude by providing perspectives and methodological considerations for applying the proposed approach to mixed-design neurocognitive research on SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brevers
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Desmedt
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - José Cesar Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Suárez
- Louvain Experimental Psychopathology Research Group (LEP), Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA, USA
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Madashetty S, Palaniswamy HP, Rajashekhar B. The Impact of Age-Related Hearing Loss on Working Memory among Older Individuals: An Event-Related Potential Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2024; 14:1-13. [PMID: 38601851 PMCID: PMC11003732 DOI: 10.1159/000538109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) may affect working memory (WM), which impacts problem-solving, decision-making, language comprehension, and learning. Limited research exists on how ARHL affects WM using N-back tasks, but studying this is crucial for understanding neural markers and associated cognitive processes. Our study explores the impact of ARHL on WM using behavioral and electrophysiological measures and how it correlates with speech-in-noise scores in older individuals with ARHL. Method The study involved two groups, each with 20 participants aged 60-80. Group 1 had individuals with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss, while Group 2 had age- and education-matched controls with normal or near-normal hearing. Participants underwent audiological assessments and completed cognitive tests, including simple reaction time and N-back tests. During the performance of cognitive tasks, a simultaneous electroencephalography was recorded. Data analysis included behavioral and event-related potentials, source estimation, and functional connectivity analysis. Results The study revealed significantly poor accuracy, longer reaction time, and smaller P300 amplitude among individuals with ARHL, even after controlling for general slowing. Individuals with ARHL experience compromised neural activity, particularly in the temporal and parietal regions, which are vital for cognition and WM. Furthermore, individuals with ARHL exhibited poor communication between the superior temporal gyrus and insulae regions among the brain regions mediating WM during the 1-back task. Also, the study found a strong correlation between hearing measures and WM outcomes. Conclusion The study findings suggest that individuals with ARHL have impaired WM compared to those with normal hearing. This indicates a potential link between ARHL and cognitive decline, which could significantly affect daily life and quality of life. The widely used WM test with simultaneous EEG recording and source estimation analysis would further validate the usefulness of the study in assessing WM in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalpa Madashetty
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hari Prakash Palaniswamy
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bellur Rajashekhar
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Chirokoff V, Dupuy M, Abdallah M, Fatseas M, Serre F, Auriacombe M, Misdrahi D, Berthoz S, Swendsen J, Sullivan EV, Chanraud S. Craving dynamics and related cerebral substrates predict timing of use in alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 9:100138. [PMID: 38389954 PMCID: PMC10883348 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients treated for Substance Use Disorders exhibit highly fluctuating patterns of craving that could reveal novel prognostic markers of use. Accordingly, we 1) measured fluctuations within intensively repeated measures of craving and 2) linked fluctuations of craving to connectivity indices within resting-state (rs) brain regions to assess their relation to use among patients undergoing treatment for Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Use Disorders. Method Participants -64 individuals with SUD for tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis and 35 healthy controls-completed a week of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) during which they reported craving intensity and substance use five times daily. Before EMA, a subsample of 50 patients, and 34 healthy controls also completed resting-state (rs)-MRI acquisitions. Craving temporal dynamics within each day were characterized using Standard Deviation (SD), Auto-Correlation Factor (ACF), and Mean Successive Square Difference (MSSD). Absolute Difference (AD) in craving between assessments was a prospective prediction measure. Results Within-day, higher MSSD predicted greater substance use while controlling for mean craving. Prospectively higher AD predicted later increased substance use independently of previous use or craving level. Moreover, MSSD was linked to strength in five functional neural connections, most involving frontotemporal systems. Cerebello-thalamic and thalamo-frontal connectivity were also linked to substance use and distinguished the SUD from the controls. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate that instability in craving may be a trigger for use in several SUD types, beyond the known effect of craving intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Chirokoff
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maud Dupuy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
| | - Majd Abdallah
- Bordeaux University, CNRS, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, IBGC UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, Univeristy of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melina Fatseas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 6033- Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry (SANPSY), Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 6033- Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry (SANPSY), Bordeaux, France
| | - David Misdrahi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Paris, France
| | - Joel Swendsen
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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15
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Doyle MA, Taylor A, Winder DG. Neural Circuitries and Alcohol Use Disorder: Cutting Corners in the Cycle. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 38082108 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
An implicit tenet of the alcohol use disorder (AUD) research field is that knowledge of how alcohol interacts with the brain is critical to the development of an understanding of vulnerability to AUD and treatment approaches. Gaining this understanding requires the mapping of brain function critical to specific components of this heterogeneous disorder. Early approaches in humans and animal models focused on the determination of specific brain regions sensitive to alcohol action and their participation in AUD-relevant behaviors. Broadly speaking, this research has focused on three domains, Binge/Intoxication, Negative Affect/Withdrawal, and Preoccupation/Anticipation, with a number of regions identified as participating in each. With the generational advances in technologies that the field of neuroscience has undergone over the last two decades, this focus has shifted to a circuit-based analysis. A wealth of new data has sharpened the field's focus on the specific roles of the interconnectivity of multiple brain regions in AUD and AUD-relevant behaviors, as well as demonstrating that the three major domains described above have much fuzzier edges than originally thought.In this chapter, we very briefly review brain regions previously implicated in aspects of AUD-relevant behavior from animal model research. Next, we move to a more in-depth overview of circuit-based approaches, and the utilization of these approaches in current AUD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Doyle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Milton AL. Drug memory reconsolidation: from molecular mechanisms to the clinical context. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 38040677 PMCID: PMC10692359 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its rediscovery at the beginning of the 21st Century, memory reconsolidation has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for reducing the impact of emotional memories that can go awry in mental health disorders such as drug addiction (substance use disorder, SUD). Addiction can be conceptualised as a disorder of learning and memory, in which both pavlovian and instrumental learning systems become hijacked into supporting drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviours. The past two decades of research have characterised the details of the molecular pathways supporting the reconsolidation of pavlovian cue-drug memories, with more recent work indicating that the reconsolidation of instrumental drug-seeking memories also relies upon similar mechanisms. This narrative review considers what is known about the mechanisms underlying the reconsolidation of pavlovian and instrumental memories associated with drug use, how these approaches have translated to experimental medicine studies, and the challenges and opportunities for the clinical use of reconsolidation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Hernández-Ortiz E, Luis-Islas J, Tecuapetla F, Gutierrez R, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Top-down circuitry from the anterior insular cortex to VTA dopamine neurons modulates reward-related memory. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113365. [PMID: 37924513 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex (IC) has been linked to the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals associated with addictive behavior. However, whether the IC modulates the acquisition of drug-related affective states by direct top-down connectivity with ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons is unknown. We found that photostimulation of VTA terminals of the anterior insular cortex (aIC) induces rewarding contextual memory, modulates VTA activity, and triggers dopamine release within the VTA. Employing neuronal recordings and neurochemical and transsynaptic tagging techniques, we disclose the functional top-down organization tagging the aIC pre-synaptic neuronal bodies and identifying VTA recipient neurons. Furthermore, systemic administration of amphetamine altered the VTA excitability of neurons modulated by the aIC projection, where photoactivation enhances, whereas photoinhibition impairs, a contextual rewarding behavior. Our study reveals a key circuit involved in developing and retaining drug reward-related contextual memory, providing insight into the neurobiological basis of addictive behavior and helping develop therapeutic addiction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Jorge Luis-Islas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatuel Tecuapetla
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México
| | - Ranier Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetitive, Department of Pharmacology, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México.
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Heim N, Bobou M, Tanzer M, Jenkinson PM, Steinert C, Fotopoulou A. Psychological interventions for interoception in mental health disorders: A systematic review of randomized-controlled trials. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:530-540. [PMID: 37421414 PMCID: PMC7615164 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed interoception (i.e., the sensing, awareness, and regulation of internal body signals) has been found across several mental disorders, leading to the development of interoception-based interventions (IBIs). Searching PubMed and PsycINFO, we conducted the first systematic review of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of behavioral IBIs at improving interoception and target symptoms of mental disorders in comparison to a non-interoception-based control condition [CRD42021297993]. Thirty-one RCTs fulfilled inclusion criteria. Across all studies, a pattern emerged with 20 (64.5%) RCTs demonstrating IBIs to be more efficacious at improving interoception compared to control conditions. The most promising results were found for post-traumatic stress disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and substance use disorders. Regarding symptom improvement, the evidence was inconclusive. The IBIs were heterogenous in their approach to improving interoception. The quality of RCTs was moderate to good. In conclusion, IBIs are potentially efficacious at improving interoception for some mental disorders. In terms of symptom reduction, the evidence is less promising. Future research on the efficacy of IBIs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Heim
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Bobou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Tanzer
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Jenkinson
- Institute for Social Neuroscience, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christiane Steinert
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Price CJ, Sevinc G, Farb NAS. Within-Person Modulation of Neural Networks following Interoceptive Awareness Training through Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT): A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1396. [PMID: 37891765 PMCID: PMC10605589 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception, the representation of the body's internal state, is increasingly recognized for informing subjective wellbeing and promoting regulatory behavior. However, few empirical reports characterize interoceptive neural networks, and fewer demonstrate changes to these networks in response to an efficacious intervention. Using a two-group randomized controlled trial, this pilot study explored within-participant neural plasticity in interoceptive networks following Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT). Participants (N = 22) were assigned to either 8 weeks of MABT or to a no-treatment control and completed baseline and post-intervention assessments that included subjective interoceptive awareness (MAIA) and neuroimaging of an interoceptive awareness task. MABT was uniquely associated with insula deactivation, increased functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the somatomotor cortex, and connectivity changes correlated positively with changes in subjective interoception. Within the MABT group, changes in subjective interoception interacted with changes in a predefined anterior cingulate seed region to predict changes in right middle insula activity, a putative primary interoceptive representation region. While the small sample size requires the replication of findings, results suggest that interoceptive training enhances sensory-prefrontal connectivity, and that such changes are commensurate with enhanced interoceptive awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunes Sevinc
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;
- Ardea Outcomes, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Norman A. S. Farb
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada;
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Chen Y, Li CSR. Appetitive and aversive cue reactivities differentiate neural subtypes of alcohol drinkers. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100089. [PMID: 37483686 PMCID: PMC10358306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Craving reflects the subjective urge to use drugs and can be triggered by both positive and negative emotional states. No studies have systematically investigated the relative roles of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of substance misuse. Here, we performed meta-analyses of drug cue-elicited reactivity and win and loss processing in the monetary incentive delay task to identify distinct neural correlates of appetitive and aversive responses to drug cues. We then characterized the appetitive and aversive cue responses in seventy-six alcohol drinkers performing a cue craving task during fMRI. Imaging data were processed according to published routines. The appetitive circuit involved medial cortical regions and the ventral striatum, and the aversive circuit involved the insula, caudate and mid-cingulate cortex. We observed a significant correlation of cue-elicited activity (β estimates) of the appetitive and aversive circuit. However, individuals varied in appetitive and aversive cue responses. From the regression of appetitive (y) vs. aversive (x) β, we identified participants in the top 1/3 each of those with positive and negative residuals as "approach" (n = 15) and "avoidance" (n = 11) and the others as the "mixed" (n = 50) subtype. In clinical characteristics, the avoidance subtype showed higher sensitivity to punishment and, in contrast, the approach subtype showed higher levels of sensation seeking and alcohol expectancy for social and physical pressure. The findings highlighted distinct neural underpinnings of appetitive and aversive components of cue-elicited reactivity and provided evidence for potential subtypes of alcohol drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Inter-department Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Starski PA, De Oliveira Sergio T, Hopf FW. Using lickometry to infer differential contributions of salience network regions during compulsion-like alcohol drinking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100102. [PMID: 38736902 PMCID: PMC11086682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder extracts substantial personal, social and clinical costs, and continued intake despite negative consequences (compulsion-like consumption) can contribute strongly. Here we discuss lickometry, a simple method where lick times are determined across a session, while analysis across many aspects of licking can offer important insights into underlying psychological and action strategies, including their brain mechanisms. We first describe studies implicating anterior insula (AIC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPF) in compulsion-like responding for alcohol, then review work suggesting that AIC/ventral frontal cortex versus dMPF regulate different aspects of behavior (oral control and overall response strategy, versus moment-to-moment action organization). We then detail our lickometer work comparing alcohol-only drinking (AOD) and compulsion-like drinking under moderate- or higher-challenge (ModChD or HiChD, using quinine-alcohol). Many studies have suggested utilization of one of two main strategies, with higher motivation indicated by more bouts, and greater palatability suggested by longer, faster bouts. Instead, ModChD shows decreased variability in many lick measures, which is unexpected but consistent with the suggested importance of automaticity for addiction. Also surprising is that HiChD retains several behavior changes seen with ModChD, reduced tongue variability and earlier bout start, even though intake is otherwise disrupted. Since AIC-related measures are retained under both moderate- and higher-challenge, we propose a novel hypothesis that AIC sustains overall commitment regardless of challenge level, while disordered licking during HiChD mirrors the effects of dMPF inhibition. Thus, while AIC provides overall drive despite challenge, the ability to act is ultimately determined within the dMPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Starski
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | | | - Frederic W. Hopf
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Indianapolis IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
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22
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Zuo ZX, Price CJ, Farb NAS. A machine learning approach towards the differentiation between interoceptive and exteroceptive attention. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2523-2546. [PMID: 37170067 PMCID: PMC10727490 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interoception, the representation of the body's internal state, plays a central role in emotion, motivation and wellbeing. Interoceptive sensibility, the ability to engage in sustained interoceptive awareness, is particularly relevant for mental health but is exclusively measured via self-report, without methods for objective measurement. We used machine learning to classify interoceptive sensibility by contrasting using data from a randomized control trial of interoceptive training, with functional magnetic resonance imaging assessment before and after an 8-week intervention (N = 44 scans). The neuroimaging paradigm manipulated attention targets (breath vs. visual stimuli) and reporting demands (active reporting vs. passive monitoring). Machine learning achieved high accuracy in distinguishing between interoceptive and exteroceptive attention, both for within-session classification (~80% accuracy) and out-of-sample classification (~70% accuracy), revealing the reliability of the predictions. We then explored the classifier potential for 'reading out' mental states in a 3-min sustained interoceptive attention task. Participants were classified as actively engaged about half of the time, during which interoceptive training enhanced their ability to sustain interoceptive attention. These findings demonstrate that interoceptive and exteroceptive attention is distinguishable at the neural level; these classifiers may help to demarcate periods of interoceptive focus, with implications for developing an objective marker for interoceptive sensibility in mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey X. Zuo
- Department of Psychological Clinical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia J. Price
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Norman A. S. Farb
- Department of Psychological Clinical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
This chapter covers how repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) presently affects smoking cessation. 14 human studies have examined the efficacy of rTMS on cue craving, cigarette consumption, or smoking cessation using a variety of different coils, locations, and treatment parameters. These studies included 7 randomized-controlled trials (RCT) and 7 experimental studies. Most studies (12/14) reported that rTMS reduced cue-induced craving, 5 showed that it decreased cigarette consumption, and 3/4 reported that multiple sessions of rTMS increased the quit rate. In contrast to rTMS, tDCS has 6 RCT studies, of which only 2 studies reported that tDCS reduced craving, and only 1 reported that it reduced cigarette consumption. Three studies failed to find an effect of tDCS on cravings. No tDCS studies reported changing quitting rates in people who smoke. Despite the early positive results of tDCS on nicotine dependence symptoms, 2 larger RCTs recently failed to find a therapeutic effect of tDCS for smoking cessation. In conclusion, rTMS studies demonstrate that multiple sessions help quit smoking, and it has gained FDA approval for that purpose. However, more studies are needed to examine the effect of tDCS with different treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbao Li
- Brain Stimulation Division, Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Brain Stimulation Division, Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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24
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Cushnie AK, Tang W, Heilbronner SR. Connecting Circuits with Networks in Addiction Neuroscience: A Salience Network Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9083. [PMID: 37240428 PMCID: PMC10219092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neuroimaging has demonstrated the existence of large-scale functional networks in the cerebral cortex consisting of topographically distant brain regions with functionally correlated activity. The salience network (SN), which is involved in detecting salient stimuli and mediating inter-network communication, is a crucial functional network that is disrupted in addiction. Individuals with addiction display dysfunctional structural and functional connectivity of the SN. Furthermore, while there is a growing body of evidence regarding the SN, addiction, and the relationship between the two, there are still many unknowns, and there are fundamental limitations to human neuroimaging studies. At the same time, advances in molecular and systems neuroscience techniques allow researchers to manipulate neural circuits in nonhuman animals with increasing precision. Here, we describe attempts to translate human functional networks to nonhuman animals to uncover circuit-level mechanisms. To do this, we review the structural and functional connections of the salience network and its homology across species. We then describe the existing literature in which circuit-specific perturbation of the SN sheds light on how functional cortical networks operate, both within and outside the context of addiction. Finally, we highlight key outstanding opportunities for mechanistic studies of the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana K. Cushnie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2-164 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Sarah R. Heilbronner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2-164 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wadsley M, Ihssen N. A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional MRI Studies Investigating Social Networking Site Use. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050787. [PMID: 37239257 PMCID: PMC10216498 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the neurocognitive profile underlying the use of social networking sites (SNSs) can help inform decisions about the classification of problematic SNS use as an addictive disorder and elucidate how/when 'SNS addiction' might develop. The present review aimed to synthesize structural and functional MRI research investigating problematic/compulsive forms of SNS use or regular (non-addicted) SNS use behaviours. We conducted a systematic search for research articles published in English using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to October 2022. Studies meeting our inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Twenty-eight relevant articles were identified comprising structural MRI (n = 9), resting-state fMRI (n = 6) and task-based fMRI studies (n = 13). Current evidence suggests that problematic SNS use might be characterised by (1) reduced volume of the ventral striatum, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and posterior insula; (2) increased ventral striatum and precuneus activity in response to SNS cues; (3) abnormal functional connectivity involving the dorsal attention network; (4) inter-hemispheric communication deficits. Regular SNS use behaviours appear to recruit regions involved in the mentalising network, the self-referential cognition network, the salience network, the reward network and the default mode network. Such findings are at least partially consistent with observations from the substance addiction literature and provide some provisional support for the addictive potential of SNSs. Nonetheless, the present review is limited by the small number of eligible studies and large heterogeneity in the methods employed, and so our conclusions should remain tentative. Moreover, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence suggesting SNSs cause neuroadaptations and thus conclusions that problematic SNS use represents a disease process akin to substance use addictions are premature. More well-powered longitudinal research is needed to establish the neural consequences of excessive and problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wadsley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Niklas Ihssen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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26
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Mukherjee A, Paladino MS, McSain SL, Gilles-Thomas EA, Lichte DD, Camadine RD, Willock S, Sontate KV, Honeycutt SC, Loney GC. Escalation of alcohol intake is associated with regionally decreased insular cortex activity but not changes in taste quality. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:868-881. [PMID: 36941800 PMCID: PMC10289132 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent access to ethanol drives persistent escalation of intake and rapid transition from moderate to compulsive-like drinking. Intermittent ethanol drinking may facilitate escalation of intake in part by altering aversion-sensitive neural substrates, such as the insular cortex (IC), thus driving greater approach toward stimuli previously treated as aversive. METHODS We conducted a series of experiments in rats to examine behavioral and neural responses associated with escalation of ethanol intake. First, taste reactivity analyses quantified the degree to which intermittent brief-access ethanol exposure (BAEE) alters sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol. Next, we determined whether pharmacological IC inhibition facilitated ethanol escalation. Finally, given that the IC is primary gustatory cortex, we employed psychophysical paradigms to assess whether escalation of ethanol intake induced changes in ethanol taste. These paradigms measured changes in sensitivity to the intensity of ethanol taste and whether escalation in intake shifts the salient taste quality of ethanol by measuring the degree to which the taste of ethanol generalized to a sucrose-like ("sweet") or quinine-like ("bitter") percept. RESULTS We found a near-complete loss of aversive oromotor responses in ethanol-exposed relative to ethanol-naïve rats. Additionally, we observed significantly lower expression of ethanol-induced c-Fos expression in the posterior IC in exposed rats relative to naïve rats. Inhibition of the IC resulted in a modest, but statistically reliable increase in the acceptance of higher ethanol concentrations in naïve rats. Finally, we found no evidence of changes in the psychophysical assessment of the taste of ethanol in exposed, relative to naïve, rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that neural activity within the IC adapts following repeated presentations of ethanol in a manner that correlates with reduced sensitivity to the aversive hedonic properties of ethanol. These data help to establish that alterations in IC activity may be driving exposure-induced escalations in ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Mukherjee
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Morgan S Paladino
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shannon L McSain
- Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gilles-Thomas
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David D Lichte
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rece D Camadine
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Saidah Willock
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kajol V Sontate
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarah C Honeycutt
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gregory C Loney
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Herman AM. Interoception Within the Context of Impulsivity and Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:97-106. [PMID: 37266189 PMCID: PMC10148627 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to examine the relationship between impulsivity and interoception in addiction, to summarize the current understanding of the topic, identify any gaps in knowledge, and provide directions for future research. Research Findings Interoception may be a contributing factor to impulsive behaviour and, thus, addiction. Substance abuse can negatively impact the brain's ability to process interoceptive information and impact the reward system, leading to decreased sensitivity to natural rewards and increased sensitivity to drugs. There is potential for new therapies, such as mindfulness, interoceptive training, brain stimulation, or vagal nerve stimulation to target both impulsivity and interoception in the treatment of addiction. Summary Despite a growing interest in interoception in addiction research, further research is needed to better understand the role of interoception in addiction and to develop new methods for studying how individuals with addiction process and perceive internal bodily sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3 St, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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De Oliveira Sergio T, Frasier RM, Hopf FW. Animal models of compulsion alcohol drinking: Why we love quinine-resistant intake and what we learned from it. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1116901. [PMID: 37032937 PMCID: PMC10080007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) ranks among the most prevalent mental disorders, extracting ~$250 billion/year in the US alone and producing myriad medical and social harms. Also, the number of deaths related to problem drinking has been increasing dramatically. Compulsive alcohol drinking, characterized by intake that persists despite negative consequences, can be particularly important and a major obstacle to treatment. With the number of people suffering from AUD increasing during the past years, there is a critical need to understand the neurobiology related to compulsive drives for alcohol, as well as the development of novel AUD pharmacological therapies. Here we discuss rodent compulsion-like alcohol drinking (CLAD) models, focusing on the two most widely used adverse stimuli to model rodent compulsion-like responding, quinine adulteration of alcohol and footshook-resistant alcohol intake. For both cases, the goal is to uncover behavior patterns and brain circuits that underlie drive for alcohol even in the face of negative consequences. We discuss caveats, benefits, and potential brain mechanisms, of models for consequence-resistant responding for alcohol more generally, and especially highlight some advantages of quinine-resistance over footshook-resistance. Further, since this review contributes to a Special issue focused on Molecular Aspects of Compulsive Drug Use, we discuss our new findings showing how the noradrenergic system is related to CLAD responding. In particular, we comment on the importance of α1 and β adrenergic receptors (ARs) as potential targets for treating AUD.
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29
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Smith K, Lacadie CM, Milivojevic V, Fogelman N, Sinha R. Sex differences in neural responses to stress and drug cues predicts future drug use in individuals with substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109794. [PMID: 36758371 PMCID: PMC10024802 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronically recurring illnesses, where stress and drug cues significantly increase drug craving and risk of drug use recurrence. This study examined sex differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses to stress and drug cue exposure and assessed their prospective association with future drug use post-treatment. METHODS Inpatient, treatment engaged men (N = 46) and women (N = 26) with SUDs, including alcohol, cocaine and/or cannabis use disorders, participated in an fMRI scan that assessed subjective (anxiety, drug craving), heart rate and neural responses to brief individualized script-driven imagery of stress, drug, and neutral-relaxing trials. Prospective follow-up interviews post-treatment assessed future drug use recurrence over 90 days. RESULTS During fMRI, stress and drug versus neutral cue exposure led to increased anxiety, heart rate and craving responses (p's < 0.004) in both men and women, but greater drug cue-induced anxiety (p < .017) and higher drug use days during follow-up (p < .006) in women relative to men. In whole brain analyses of stress and drug cues (p < .05 FWE corrected), and in whole brain correlation (p < .05, FWE corrected) with drug use days, significant sex differences revealed drug cue-related striatal hyperactivation (caudate, putamen) in men, but drug cue-related cortico-limbic (insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) hypoactivation and stress-related hypoactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC) in women; and these were significantly associated with higher future drug use days. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate sex-specific pathophysiology of SUD recurrence and support the need for differential treatment development for men and women with SUD to improve drug use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Smith
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Cheryl M Lacadie
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, United States
| | - Verica Milivojevic
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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30
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Brassard SL, Laliberte M, MacKillop J, Balodis IM. Disgust sensitivity and behavioural inhibitory systems in binge eating disorder: associations with eating pathology. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:15. [PMID: 36805341 PMCID: PMC9941244 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disgust sensitivity refers to how unpleasant a disgusting experience is to an individual and is involved in the development of many psychiatric conditions. Given its link with food ingestion, there is an interest in understanding how an individual's susceptibility to disgust relates to dietary habits. One possible mechanism giving rise to this association is through the effects negative emotions have on high-order cognitive processes, but few studies take this model into account. The aim of this study was to characterize general disgust sensitivity in a clinical binge eating disorder (BED) population, and explore whether disgust sensitivity relates to inhibitory control and eating pathology. Following a case-controlled study design, our results show that: (1) disgust sensitivity and its subscales do not differ between BED and healthy controls, (2) higher disgust sensitivity in BED relates to greater behavioural inhibition, (3) inhibitory control reaction times relate to aspects of eating pathology, and (4) inhibitory control does not mediate relationships between disgust sensitivity and BMI among participants with BED. Understanding the role of disgust sensitivity in BED may allow us to understand how negative emotion systems maintain dysregulated eating behaviours with the potential to inform emotion-regulation treatment approaches. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michele Laliberte
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Eating Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada. .,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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31
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Huang S, Furer ML, Smyth JM, Wilson SJ. Momentary associations between affect and craving as a function of perceived smoking opportunity in young adults smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day: An ecological momentary assessment study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109717. [PMID: 36542962 PMCID: PMC10100158 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very light daily smoking (1-5 cigarettes/day) is associated with adverse consequences and is prevalent among young adults. Evidence suggests that perceived smoking opportunity modulates links between affect and craving in adults with heavier smoking patterns (e.g., > 10 cigarettes per day), but there is a lack of similar data in young adults with very light daily smoking patterns. This study addresses this gap by investigating the associations between affect and craving as a function of perceived smoking opportunity under naturalistic conditions. METHODS Forty-one young adults aged 18-25 (M=21.03, SD=1.75) who reported smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day (M=3.2, SD=1.2) completed intermittent ratings of momentary affective valence and arousal, smoking craving, and perceived smoking opportunity on smartphones five times per day for seven days. RESULTS Multilevel analyses suggested that when participants felt more pleasant or unpleasant, they were likely to report more intense craving. When smoking opportunity was perceived as high, affective arousal was positively associated with craving; this association was not observed when opportunity to smoke was perceived as low. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that higher momentary intensity of affective valence (both negative and positive) is linked to stronger momentary craving in young adults who report very light daily smoking. Anticipating an opportunity to satisfy craving by smoking may strengthen the association between reported affective arousal and craving in this population. These results highlight the potential benefits of coping with craving (e.g., by regulating affect) for those who engage in light tobacco use, especially in environments with high cigarette availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, 140 Moore Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Melinda L Furer
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, 231 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, 140 Moore Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Effects of baclofen on insular gain anticipation in alcohol-dependent patients - a randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmaco-fMRI pilot trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:171-183. [PMID: 36538099 PMCID: PMC9816215 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE One hallmark of addiction is an altered neuronal reward processing. In healthy individuals (HC), reduced activity in fronto-striatal regions including the insula has been observed when a reward anticipation task was performed repeatedly. This effect could indicate a desensitization of the neural reward system due to repetition. Here, we investigated this hypothesis in a cohort of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), who have been treated with baclofen or a placebo. The efficacy of baclofen in AUD patients has been shown to have positive clinical effects, possibly via indirectly affecting structures within the neuronal reward system. OBJECTIVES Twenty-eight recently detoxified patients (13 receiving baclofen (BAC), 15 receiving placebo (PLA)) were investigated within a longitudinal, double-blind, and randomized pharmaco-fMRI design with an individually adjusted daily dosage of 30-270 mg. METHODS Brain responses were captured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during reward anticipation while participating in a slot machine paradigm before (t1) and after 2 weeks of individual high-dose medication (t2). RESULTS Abstinence rates were significantly higher in the BAC compared to the PLA group during the 12-week high-dose medication phase. At t1, all patients showed significant bilateral striatal activation. At t2, the BAC group showed a significant decrease in insular activation compared to the PLA group. CONCLUSIONS By affecting insular information processing, baclofen might enable a more flexible neuronal adaptation during recurrent reward anticipation, which could resemble a desensitization as previously observed in HC. This result strengthens the modulation of the reward system as a potential mechanism of action of baclofen. TRIAL REGISTRATION Identifier of the main trial (the BACLAD study) at clinical.gov: NCT0126665.
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33
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Amlung M, Owens MM, Hargreaves T, Gray JC, Murphy CM, MacKillop J, Sweet LH. Neuroeconomic predictors of smoking cessation outcomes: A preliminary study of delay discounting in treatment-seeking adult smokers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111555. [PMID: 36327864 PMCID: PMC9729436 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Large proportions of smokers are unsuccessful in evidence-based smoking cessation treatment and identifying prognostic predictors may inform improvements in treatment. Steep discounting of delayed rewards (delay discounting) is a robust predictor of poor smoking cessation outcome, but the underlying neural predictors have not been investigated. Forty-one treatment-seeking adult smokers completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) delay discounting paradigm prior to initiating a 9-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Behavioral performance significantly predicted treatment outcomes (verified 7-day abstinence, n = 18; relapse, n = 23). Participants in the relapse group exhibited smaller area under the curve (d = 1.10) and smaller AUC was correlated with fewer days to smoking relapse (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) Neural correlates of discounting included medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus and anterior insula, and interactions between choice type and relapse status were present for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus and the striatum. This initial investigation implicates differential neural activity in regions associated with frontal executive and default mode activity, as well as motivational circuits. Larger samples are needed to improve the resolution in identifying the neural underpinnings linking steep delay discounting to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amlung
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America; Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America.
| | - Max M Owens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cara M Murphy
- Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence H Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA United States of America
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Strigo IA, Murphy E, Mitchell JM, Spadoni AD. Learning from addiction: Craving of prescription opioids in chronic pain sufferers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104904. [PMID: 36202255 PMCID: PMC10917419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prescription opioids are a primary driver of opioid-related deaths. Although craving is a substantial component of OUD, the degree to which craving leads to misuse among chronic pain patients on long-term prescription opioids is unknown. A clear understanding of the factors that lead to misuse in this vulnerable population is needed for the development of safe and effective practices for opioid taper. This narrative review summarizes the relevant literature on the role of craving in addiction and chronic pain through epidemiological and behavioral studies. The first part of this review examines the role of craving in predicting opioid use/misuse in individuals with chronic pain with and without OUD. The second part covers methods on how craving is evaluated experimentally using both subjective and objective measures and provides related findings. The overall goal of this review is to facilitate the development of a population-specific description of craving in those who use opioids to control chronic pain and to describe how it may be mechanistically linked to patterns of opioid (mis)use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Strigo
- Emotion and Pain Laboratory, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Emily Murphy
- Emotion and Pain Laboratory, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrea D Spadoni
- San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92300, USA
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Ostendorf S, Brand M. Theoretical conceptualization of online privacy-related decision making – Introducing the tripartite self-disclosure decision model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996512. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-disclosures on online social networks have received increased attention in the last two decades. Researchers from different disciplines investigated manifold influencing variables, and studies applied different theories to explain why many users share very sensitive and personal information despite potential risks and negative consequences, whereas others do not. Oftentimes, it is argued that self-disclosure decisions result from a kind of rational “calculus” of risks and benefits. However, such an assumption of rationality can and has been criticized. Nevertheless, fundamental cognitive and affective mechanisms that underlie self-disclosure decision making on social networks are still under-explored. By building upon previous self-disclosure theories and models, dual-and tripartite-system perspectives of decision making, and former empirical findings, we propose a Tripartite Self-Disclosure Decision (TSDD) model that conceptualizes inner processes of online self-disclosure decision making. Central to this model is the proposed interaction of three neural and cognitive/affective systems: a reflective, an impulsive, and an interoceptive system. We further highlight individual and environmental features, which can impact individuals’ online self-disclosure decisions by (interactively) influencing the proposed inner decision-making processes targeting the aforementioned three systems. Possible short- and long-term consequences are also discussed, which in turn can affect certain model components in subsequent self-disclosure decision situations. By taking such a neurocognitive perspective, we expand current research and models, which helps to better understand potentially risky information sharing on online social networks and can support attempts to prevent users from incautious self-disclosures.
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Weidacker K, Kim SG, Buhl-Callesen M, Jensen M, Pedersen MU, Thomsen KR, Voon V. The prediction of resilience to alcohol consumption in youths: insular and subcallosal cingulate myeloarchitecture. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2032-2042. [PMID: 33143793 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of alcohol consumption in youths and particularly biomarkers of resilience, is critical for early intervention to reduce the risk of subsequent harmful alcohol use. METHODS At baseline, the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), indexing grey matter myelination (i.e. myeloarchitecture), was assessed in 86 adolescents/young adults (mean age = 21.76, range: 15.75-26.67 years). The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was assessed at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-ups (12- and 24-months post-baseline). We used a whole brain data-driven approach controlled for age, gender, impulsivity and other substance and behavioural addiction measures, such as problematic cannabis use, drug use-related problems, internet gaming, pornography use, binge eating, and levels of externalization, to predict the change in AUDIT scores from R1. RESULTS Greater baseline bilateral anterior insular and subcallosal cingulate R1 (cluster-corrected family-wise error p < 0.05) predict a lower risk for harmful alcohol use (measured as a reduction in AUDIT scores) at 2-year follow-up. Control analyses show that other grey matter measures (local volume or fractional anisotropy) did not reveal such an association. An atlas-based machine learning approach further confirms the findings. CONCLUSIONS The insula is critically involved in predictive coding of autonomic function relevant to subjective alcohol cue/craving states and risky decision-making processes. The subcallosal cingulate is an essential node underlying emotion regulation and involved in negative emotionality addiction theories. Our findings highlight insular and cingulate myeloarchitecture as a potential protective biomarker that predicts resilience to alcohol misuse in youths, providing novel identifiers for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Goo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mette Buhl-Callesen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Jensen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Uffe Pedersen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristine Rømer Thomsen
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Deshpande HU, Fedota JR, Castillo J, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1633-1642. [PMID: 35091674 PMCID: PMC9283548 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS)-associated cognitive deficits are notably heterogeneous, suggesting underlying endophenotypic variance. However, parsing this variance in smokers has remained challenging. In this study, we identified smoker subgroups based on response accuracy during a Parametric Flanker Task (PFT) and then characterized distinct neuroimaging endophenotypes using a nicotine state manipulation. Smokers completed the PFT in two fMRI sessions (nicotine sated, abstinent). Based on response accuracy in the stressful, high cognitive demand PFT condition, smokers split into high (HTP, n = 21) and low task performer (LTP, n = 24) subgroups. Behaviorally, HTPs showed greater response accuracy (88.68% ± 5.19 SD) vs. LTPs (51.04% ± 4.72 SD), independent of nicotine state, and greater vulnerability to abstinence-induced errors of omission (EOm, p = 0.01). Neurobiologically, HTPs showed greater BOLD responses in attentional control brain regions, including bilateral insula, dorsal ACC, and frontoparietal Cx for the [correct responses (-) errors of commission] PFT contrast in both states. A whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis with these subgroup-derived regions as seeds identified two circuits: Precentral Cx↔Insula and Insula↔Occipital Cx, with abstinence-induced FC strength increases seen only in HTPs. Finally, abstinence-induced FC and behavior (EOm) differences were positively correlated for HTPs in a Precentral Cx↔Orbitofrontal cortical circuit. In sum, only the HTP subgroup demonstrated sustained attention deficits following 48-hr nicotine abstinence, a stressor in dependent smokers. Unpacking underlying smoker heterogeneity with this 'dual (task and abstinence) stressor' approach revealed discrete smoker subgroups with differential attentional deficits to withdrawal that could be novel pharmacological/behavioral targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshawardhan U. Deshpande
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John R. Fedota
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Present Address: Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Juan Castillo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Cheng SC, Thompson EA, Price CJ. The Scale of Body Connection: A Multisample Study to Examine Sensitivity to Change Among Mind-Body and Bodywork Interventions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:600-606. [PMID: 35452263 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this measurement study was to examine the Scale of Body Connection (SBC) sensitivity to change among mind-body or bodywork interventions and to explore the concurrent validity in relation to emotion dysregulation and mindfulness skills. Methods: This study was based on multiple clinical trials that had used the SBC to evaluate changes in body awareness (BA) and bodily dissociation (BD) in response to a mind-body or bodywork intervention. To test for sensitivity to change, t tests were used to examine change and estimate effect sizes. To explore convergent validity, Pearson's product-moment correlations between the SBC subscales and Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were calculated among a subset of the studies, which also included these measures. Results: The BA and BD scales consistently detected significant positive responses to a range of intervention types (yoga, mindfulness meditation, BA, multimodal therapy, and bodywork), demonstrating SBC sensitivity to change. With a few exceptions, the effect sizes across studies for BA were above 0.35, indicating near moderate-to-large effect sizes. The effect sizes for BD, as a measure of responsiveness, were much smaller than for BA; however, four of the studies had effect sizes between 0.54 and 0.86. Concurrent validity with the DERS was supported by moderate-to-large correlations, and with the FFMQ, it was significant with the BA scale in one included study. Conclusions: The results of this study further establish SBC validity and sensitivity to change across a range of mind-body therapies and confirm prior findings of moderate-to-strong internal consistency reliability. The findings support the use of this brief scale to assess key dimensions of BA and BD in practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Chieh Cheng
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Leadership, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Elaine Adams Thompson
- Department of Child Family and Population Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia J Price
- Department of Biobehavioral and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wilson SJ. Constructing Craving: Applying the Theory of Constructed Emotion to Urge States. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 31:347-354. [DOI: 10.1177/09637214221098055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Craving (a strong desire to ingest a substance or engage in an activity) is an important topic of study in the field of psychology. Along with being a key symptom of addiction, craving is a potent source of motivation for a wide range of appetitive behaviors. In this article, I offer a perspective regarding the nature of craving that is rooted in the theory of constructed emotion, a contemporary model of how emotions are created by the brain. According to this perspective, a state of craving emerges when the brain makes predictions that categorize sensory inputs as an instance of craving on the basis of prior experience and the context in which the inputs occur. Using the theory of constructed emotion as a guiding framework, I review various lines of evidence that provide support for this idea. In addition, I offer recommendations for future research that stem from the hypothesis that instances of craving are constructed by the brain in an experience-dependent and situation-specific manner.
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Neural substrates of brand equity: applying a quantitative meta-analytical method for neuroimage studies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09702. [PMID: 35734557 PMCID: PMC9207674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of brand equity has been investigated using various approaches, a comprehensive neural basis for brand equity remains unclear. The default mode network (DMN) as a mental process might influence brand equity related consumers' decision-making, as reported in the marketing literature. While studies on the overlapping regions between the DMN and value-based decision-making related brain regions have been reported in neuroscience literature, relationships between the DMN and a neural mechanism of brand equity have not been clarified. The aim of our study is to identify neural substrates of brand equity and examine brand equity-related mental processes by comparing them to the DMN. To determine the neural substrates of brand equity, we first carried out the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. We examined 26 studies using branded objects as experimental stimuli for the ALE. Next, we set the output regions from ALE as the region of interest for meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM). Further, we compared the brand equity-related brain network (BE-RBN) revealed by the MACM with the DMN. We confirmed that the BE-RBN brain regions overlap with the medial temporal lobule (MTL) sub-system, a module composed of the DMN but excluding the retrosplenial cortex. Further, we discovered that several brain regions apart from the DMN are also distinctive BE-RBN brain regions (i.e., the insula, the inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, ventral striatum, parietal region). We decoded the BE-RBN brain regions using the BrandMap module. The decoded results revealed that the brand equity-related mental processes are complex constructs integrated via multiple mental processes such as self-referential, reward, emotional, memory, and sensorimotor processing. Our study demonstrated that the DMN alone is insufficient to engage in brand equity-related mental processes. Therefore, marketers are required to make strategic plans to integrate the five consumer's multiple mental processes while building brand equity.
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Pérez-Ramírez Ú, López-Madrona VJ, Pérez-Segura A, Pallarés V, Moreno A, Ciccocioppo R, Hyytiä P, Sommer WH, Moratal D, Canals S. Brain Network Allostasis after Chronic Alcohol Drinking Is Characterized by Functional Dedifferentiation and Narrowing. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4401-4413. [PMID: 35437279 PMCID: PMC9145238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0389-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes complex alterations in the brain that are poorly understood. The heterogeneity of drinking patterns and the high incidence of comorbid factors compromise mechanistic investigations in AUD patients. Here we used male Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a well established animal model of chronic alcohol drinking, and a combination of longitudinal resting-state fMRI and manganese-enhanced MRI to provide objective measurements of brain connectivity and activity, respectively. We found that 1 month of chronic alcohol drinking changed the correlation between resting-state networks. The change was not homogeneous, resulting in the reorganization of pairwise interactions and a shift in the equilibrium of functional connections. We identified two fundamentally different forms of network reorganization. First is functional dedifferentiation, which is defined as a regional increase in neuronal activity and overall correlation, with a concomitant decrease in preferential connectivity between specific networks. Through this mechanism, occipital cortical areas lost their specific interaction with sensory-insular cortex, striatal, and sensorimotor networks. Second is functional narrowing, which is defined as an increase in neuronal activity and preferential connectivity between specific brain networks. Functional narrowing strengthened the interaction between striatal and prefrontocortical networks, involving the anterior insular, cingulate, orbitofrontal, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices. Importantly, these two types of alterations persisted after alcohol discontinuation, suggesting that dedifferentiation and functional narrowing rendered persistent network states. Our results support the idea that chronic alcohol drinking, albeit at moderate intoxicating levels, induces an allostatic change in the brain functional connectivity that propagates into early abstinence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excessive consumption of alcohol is positioned among the top five risk factors for disease and disability. Despite this priority, the transformations that the nervous system undergoes from an alcohol-naive state to a pathologic alcohol drinking are not well understood. In our study, we use an animal model with proven translational validity to study this transformation longitudinally. The results show that shortly after chronic alcohol consumption there is an increase in redundant activity shared by brain structures, and the specific communication shrinks to a set of pathways. This functional dedifferentiation and narrowing are not reversed immediately after alcohol withdrawal but persist during early abstinence. We causally link chronic alcohol drinking with an early and abstinence-persistent retuning of the functional equilibrium of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Pérez-Ramírez
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor J López-Madrona
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Andrés Pérez-Segura
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Vicente Pallarés
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | | | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Moratal
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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King CP, Meyer PJ. The incentive amplifying effects of nicotine: Roles in alcohol seeking and consumption. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:171-218. [PMID: 35341566 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has a unique profile among drugs of abuse. To the noninitiated user, nicotine has powerful aversive effects and its relatively weak euphorigenic effects undergo rapid tolerance. Despite this, nicotine is commonly abused despite negative heath consequences, and nicotine users have enormous difficulty quitting. Further, nicotine is one of the most commonly co-abused substances, in that it is often taken in combination with other drugs. One explanation of this polydrug use is that nicotine has multiple appetitive and consummatory conditioning effects. For example, nicotine is a reinforcement enhancer in that it can potently increase the incentive value of other stimuli, including those surrounding drugs of abuse such as alcohol. In addition, nicotine also has a unique profile of neurobiological effects that alter regulation of alcohol intake and interoception. This review discusses the psychological and biological mechanisms surrounding nicotine's appetitive conditioning and consummatory effects, particularly its interactions with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P King
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Paul J Meyer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Wang JN, Tang LR, Li WH, Zhang XY, Shao X, Wu PP, Yang ZM, Wu GW, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhang P, Li ZJ, Wang Z. Regional Neural Activity Abnormalities and Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Reorganization in Bulimia Nervosa: Evidence From Resting-State fMRI. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858717. [PMID: 35573287 PMCID: PMC9100949 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of eating behavior in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients is a complex process, and BN involves activity in multiple brain regions that integrate internal and external functional information. This functional information integration occurs in brain regions involved in reward, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, smell, taste, vision and so on. Although it has been reported that resting-state brain activity in BN patients is different from that of healthy controls, the neural mechanisms remain unclear and need to be further explored. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analyses are an important data-driven method that can measure the relative contribution of low-frequency fluctuations within a specific frequency band to the whole detectable frequency range. The fALFF is well suited to reveal the strength of interregional cooperation at the single-voxel level to investigate local neuronal activity power. FC is a brain network analysis method based on the level of correlated dynamics between time series, which establishes the connection between two spatial regions of interest (ROIs) with the assistance of linear temporal correlation. Based on the psychological characteristics of patients with BN and the abnormal brain functional activities revealed by previous neuroimaging studies, in this study, we investigated alterations in regional neural activity by applying fALFF analysis and whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in patients with BN in the resting state and to explore correlations between brain activities and eating behavior. We found that the left insula and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), as key nodes in the reorganized resting-state neural network, had altered FC with other brain regions associated with reward, emotion, cognition, memory, smell/taste, and vision-related functional processing, which may have influenced restrained eating behavior. These results could provide a further theoretical basis and potential effective targets for neuropsychological treatment in patients with BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-ni Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-rong Tang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-yu Zhang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Shao
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-ping Wu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-mei Yang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-wei Wu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenchang Wang,
| | - Zhan-jiang Li
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenchang Wang,
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenchang Wang,
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Grzywacz NM, Aleem H. Does Amount of Information Support Aesthetic Values? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:805658. [PMID: 35392414 PMCID: PMC8982361 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.805658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining information from the world is important for survival. The brain, therefore, has special mechanisms to extract as much information as possible from sensory stimuli. Hence, given its importance, the amount of available information may underlie aesthetic values. Such information-based aesthetic values would be significant because they would compete with others to drive decision-making. In this article, we ask, "What is the evidence that amount of information support aesthetic values?" An important concept in the measurement of informational volume is entropy. Research on aesthetic values has thus used Shannon entropy to evaluate the contribution of quantity of information. We review here the concepts of information and aesthetic values, and research on the visual and auditory systems to probe whether the brain uses entropy or other relevant measures, specially, Fisher information, in aesthetic decisions. We conclude that information measures contribute to these decisions in two ways: first, the absolute quantity of information can modulate aesthetic preferences for certain sensory patterns. However, the preference for volume of information is highly individualized, with information-measures competing with organizing principles, such as rhythm and symmetry. In addition, people tend to be resistant to too much entropy, but not necessarily, high amounts of Fisher information. We show that this resistance may stem in part from the distribution of amount of information in natural sensory stimuli. Second, the measurement of entropic-like quantities over time reveal that they can modulate aesthetic decisions by varying degrees of surprise given temporally integrated expectations. We propose that amount of information underpins complex aesthetic values, possibly informing the brain on the allocation of resources or the situational appropriateness of some cognitive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto M. Grzywacz
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hassan Aleem
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Pribut HJ, Sciarillo XA, Roesch MR. Insula lesions reduce stimulus-driven control of behavior during odor-guided decision-making and autoshaping. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Wang W, Li CSR. Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:100003. [PMID: 37220533 PMCID: PMC10201991 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salience network, including the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been implicated in nicotine addiction. Structural imaging studies have reported diminished insula and ACC gray matter volumes (GMVs) in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. However, it remains unclear how insula and ACC GMVs may relate to years of smoking, addiction severity, or behavioral traits known to dispose individuals to smoking. Here, with a dataset curated from the Human Connectome Project and voxel-based morphometry, we replicated the findings of smaller GMVs of the insula and medial prefrontal cortex, including the dorsal ACC and supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), in (70 heavy < 209 light < 209 never) smokers matched in age, sex, and average daily num ber of drinks. The GMVs of the insula or dACC/SMA were not significantly correlated with years of smoking or Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Heavy relative to never smokers demonstrated higher externalizing and internalizing scores, as evaluated by the NIH Emotion. In heavy smokers, the dACC/SMA but not insula GMV was positively correlated with both externalizing and internalizing scores. The findings together confirm volumetric changes in the salience network in heavy smokers and suggest potentially distinct dysfunctional roles of the insula and dACC/SMA in chronic smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Martyn F, Nabulsi L, McPhilemy G, O'Donoghue S, Kilmartin L, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Cannon DM. Topological alteration is associated with non-dependent alcohol use in bipolar disorder. Brain Connect 2022; 12:823-834. [PMID: 35166131 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural alterations in cortical thickness and the microstructural organisation of white matter are independently associated with non-dependent alcohol consumption and bipolar disorder(BD). Identifying their interactive and network level effects on brain topology may identify the impact of alcohol on reward and emotion circuitry, and its contribution to relapse in BD. METHODS Thirty-four BD-I (DSM-IV-TR) and 38 healthy controls underwent T1 and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning, and the AUDIT-C to assess alcohol use. Connectomes comprised of 34 cortical and nine subcortical nodes bilaterally (Freesurfer v5.3) connected by fractional anisotropy-weighted edges derived from non-tensor based deterministic constrained spherical deconvolution tractography (ExploreDTI v4.8.6) underwent permutation-based topological analysis (NBS v1.2) and were examined for effects of alcohol use and diagnosis-by-alcohol use accounting for age, sex and diagnosis. RESULTS Alcohol was significantly related to a subnetwork, encompassing connections between fronto-limbic, basal ganglia and temporal nodes (Frange=5-8.4, p=0.031) and was not detected to have an effect on global brain integration or segregation. A portion of this network (18%), involving cortico-limbic and basal ganglia connections, was differentially impacted by alcohol in the BD relative to the control group (Frange=5-8.8, p=0.033), despite the groups' consuming similar amounts of alcohol (BD: mean±SD 4.95±3.0; HC 3.62±3.0, T=1.88, p=0.06). DISCUSSION Non-dependent alcohol use impacts brain architectural organization and connectivity within salience, reward, and affective circuitry. The relationship between alcohol use and topology of the network in BD suggests an interactive effect between specific biological vulnerability and alcohol use, which may explain susceptibility to increased risk of relapse in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Martyn
- National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland.,National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Psychology, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, Los Angeles, United States.,National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Stefani O'Donoghue
- National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Liam Kilmartin
- College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway Ireland, Republic of Ireland , Electrical & Electronic Eng, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Brian Hallahan
- National University of Ireland Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Colm McDonald
- National University of Ireland - Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
| | - Dara M Cannon
- National University of Ireland - Galway, 8799, Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Galway, Galway, Ireland;
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Bečev O, Kozáková E, Sakálošová L, Mareček R, Majchrowicz B, Roman R, Brázdil M. Actions of a Shaken Heart: Interoception Interacts with Action Processing. Biol Psychol 2022; 169:108288. [PMID: 35143921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the modulatory influence of the unconscious, bodily arousal on motor-related embodied information. Specifically, we examined how the interoceptive prediction error interacts with the event-related potentials linked to action-effect processing. Participants were asked to perform a task with self-initiated or externally-triggered sounds while receiving synchronous or false auditory cardiac feedback. The results found that interaction of interoceptive manipulation and action-effect processing modulates the frontal subcomponent of the P3 response. During the synchronous cardiac feedback, the P3 response to self-initiated tones was enhanced. During the false cardiac feedback, the frontal cortical response was reversed. N1 and P2 components were affected by the interoceptive manipulation, but not by the interaction of interoception and action processing. These findings provide experimental support for the theoretical accounts of the interaction between interoception and action processing within a framework of predictive coding, manifested particularly in the higher stages of action processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Bečev
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Kozáková
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sakálošová
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bartosz Majchrowicz
- Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Roman
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Brázdil
- Brain and Mind Research, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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Le TM, Malone T, Li CSR. Positive alcohol expectancy and resting-state functional connectivity of the insula in problem drinking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 231:109248. [PMID: 34998254 PMCID: PMC8881788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Positive alcohol expectancy (AE), a significant predictor of excessive alcohol consumption, is associated with heightened drinking motivation and reduced control. As the insula interacts with the limbic and prefrontal structures to integrate stimulus saliency, interoception, and cognitive control, the region may play a unique role in modulating AE. Here, we examined resting-state functional connectivity of the right and left insula in relation to AE in 180 adult drinkers. Whole-brain multiple regressions and path analysis were performed to delineate the inter-relationship between AE, insular connectivity, and drinking severity. We found that heightened AE was associated with diminished right insular connectivity with regions involved in negative emotion processing and self-control, including the amygdala, putamen, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between AE and right insular connectivity with regions implicated in motivated responses to alcohol stimuli, including the superior parietal lobule, postcentral and superior frontal gyri. Path analysis showed that the two sets of right insular connectivity exhibited opposing associations with AE and that their net strength (i.e., "control minus motivation") was negatively correlated with AE and drinking severity. Analyses of the left insula seed, in contrast, did not yield regional connectivity in significant correlation with AE. These findings highlight the roles of right insula connectivity in motivational and regulatory processes that may differentially modulate drinking behavior. Recruitment of the motivational circuit and/or disengagement of the affective control circuit would be associated with heightened AE and heavier alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Correspondence: Thang M. Le, Ph.D., Connecticut Mental Health Center, S105, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA, , Phone: 203-974-7360
| | - Tessa Malone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Dang J, Tao Q, Niu X, Zhang M, Gao X, Yang Z, Yu M, Wang W, Han S, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Cocaine Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:927075. [PMID: 35815007 PMCID: PMC9263080 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous voxel-based morphometric (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown changes in brain structure and function in cocaine addiction (CD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). However, the results of these studies are poorly reproducible, and it is unclear whether there are common and specific neuroimaging changes. This meta-analysis study aimed to identify structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities in CD patients. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for VBM and task-state fMRI studies performed in CD patients between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021, using the SEED-BASE d MAP software package to perform two independent meta-groups of functional neural activation and gray matter volume, respectively. Analysis, followed by multimodal analysis to uncover structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities between CD and HC. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 14 CD fMRI studies (400 CD patients and 387 HCs) and 11 CD VBM studies (368 CD patients and 387 controls). Structurally, VBM analysis revealed significantly lower gray matter volumes in the right superior temporal gyrus, right insula, and right retrocentral gyrus than in the HC. On the other hand, the right inferior parietal gyrus increased in gray matter (GM) volume in CD patients. Functionally, fMRI analysis revealed activation in the right temporal pole, right insula, and right parahippocampal gyrus. In the right inferior parietal gyrus, the left inferior parietal gyrus, the left middle occipital gyrus, and the right middle frontal gyrus, the degree of activation was lower. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that CD patients had significant brain GM and neural changes compared with normal controls. Furthermore, multi-domain assessments capture different aspects of neuronal alterations in CD, which may help develop effective interventions for specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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