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Huang H, Chen Q, Xu Z, Liu F. FGF3 Directs the Pathfinding of Prethalamic GABAergic Axons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14998. [PMID: 37834446 PMCID: PMC10573444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus plays a crucial role in ensuring the faithful transfer of sensory information, except olfactory signals, to corresponding cortical areas. However, thalamic function is not simply restricted to relaying information to and from the cerebral cortex. The ability to modulate the flow of sensory information is supported by a second abundant neuronal type in the prethalamus, the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons, which project inhibitory GABAergic axons to dorsal thalamic glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, during the trajectory of pioneer prethalamic axons, morphogen fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-3 is expressed in the ventral chick hypothalamus. Using in vitro analyses in chick explants, we identify a chemorepellent effect of FGF3 on nearby prethalamic GABAergic axons. Furthermore, inhibition of FGF3 guidance functions indicates that FGF3 signaling is necessary to navigate prethalamic axons correctly. Gene expression analyses and loss of function studies demonstrate that FGF3 mediates prethalamic axonal guidance through the downstream pathway of the FGF receptor (FGFR)-1. Together, these results suggest that FGF3 expressed in the hypothalamus functions as a chemorepellent molecule to direct the pathway selection of neighboring GABAergic axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qingyi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhengang Xu
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Somaiya RD, Stebbins K, Gingrich EC, Xie H, Campbell JN, Garcia ADR, Fox MA. Sonic hedgehog-dependent recruitment of GABAergic interneurons into the developing visual thalamus. eLife 2022; 11:e79833. [PMID: 36342840 PMCID: PMC9640189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play critical roles in the development of inhibitory circuits in visual thalamus. We previously reported that RGC axons signal astrocytes to induce the expression of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), a motogen required for GABAergic interneuron migration into visual thalamus. However, how retinal axons induce thalamic astrocytes to generate Fgf15 and influence interneuron migration remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that impairing RGC activity had little impact on interneuron recruitment into mouse visual thalamus. Instead, our data show that retinal-derived sonic hedgehog (SHH) is essential for interneuron recruitment. Specifically, we show that thalamus-projecting RGCs express SHH and thalamic astrocytes generate downstream components of SHH signaling. Deletion of RGC-derived SHH leads to a significant decrease in Fgf15 expression, as well as in the percentage of interneurons recruited into visual thalamus. Overall, our findings identify a morphogen-dependent neuron-astrocyte signaling mechanism essential for the migration of thalamic interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Deven Somaiya
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Katelyn Stebbins
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeUnited States
| | - Ellen C Gingrich
- Department of Biology, Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute at Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- School of Neuroscience, College of Science, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburgUnited States
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - A Denise R Garcia
- Department of Biology, Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michael A Fox
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
- School of Neuroscience, College of Science, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeUnited States
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3
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Chu ECP, Morin A, Chang THC, Nguyen T, Tsai YC, Sharma A, Liu CC, Pavlidis P. Experiment level curation of transcriptional regulatory interactions in neurodevelopment. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009484. [PMID: 34665801 PMCID: PMC8565786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the development of large-scale transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) that may enable in-silico analyses of disease mechanisms, a reliable catalogue of experimentally verified direct transcriptional regulatory interactions (DTRIs) is needed for training and validation. There has been a long history of using low-throughput experiments to validate single DTRIs. Therefore, we reason that a reliable set of DTRIs could be produced by curating the published literature for such evidence. In our survey of previous curation efforts, we identified the lack of details about the quantity and the types of experimental evidence to be a major gap, despite the theoretical importance of such details for the identification of bona fide DTRIs. We developed a curation protocol to inspect the published literature for support of DTRIs at the experiment level, focusing on genes important to the development of the mammalian nervous system. We sought to record three types of low-throughput experiments: Transcription factor (TF) perturbation, TF-DNA binding, and TF-reporter assays. Using this protocol, we examined a total of 1,310 papers to assemble a collection of 1,499 unique DTRIs, involving 251 TFs and 825 target genes, many of which were not reported in any other DTRI resource. The majority of DTRIs (965; 64%) were supported by two or more types of experimental evidence and 27% were supported by all three. Of the DTRIs with all three types of evidence, 170 had been tested using primary tissues or cells and 44 had been tested directly in the central nervous system. We used our resource to document research biases among reports towards a small number of well-studied TFs. To demonstrate a use case for this resource, we compared our curation to a previously published high-throughput perturbation screen and found significant enrichment of the curated targets among genes differentially expressed in the developing brain in response to Pax6 deletion. This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept for the assembly of a high resolution DTRI resource to support the development of large-scale TRNs. The capacity to computationally reconstruct gene regulatory networks using large-scale biological data is currently limited by the absence of a high confidence set of one-to-one regulatory interactions. Given the lengthy history of using small scale experimental assays to investigate individual interactions, we reason that a reliable collection of gene regulatory interactions could be compiled by systematically inspecting the published literature. To this end, we developed a curation protocol to examine and record evidence of regulatory interactions at the individual experiment level. Focusing on the area of brain development, we applied our pipeline to 1,310 publications. We identified 3,601 individual experiments, providing detailed information about 1,499 regulatory interactions. Many of these interactions have verified activity specifically in the embryonic brain. By capturing reports of regulatory interactions at this level of detail, we equip the users with more granular information than other similar resources, enabling more informed assessments of reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ching-Pan Chu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Morin
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tak Hou Calvin Chang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tue Nguyen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yi-Cheng Tsai
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aman Sharma
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chao Chun Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Liu K, Lv Z, Huang H, Yu S, Xiao L, Li X, Li G, Liu F. FGF3 from the Hypothalamus Regulates the Guidance of Thalamocortical Axons. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:208-216. [PMID: 33684917 DOI: 10.1159/000513534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalamus is an important sensory relay station: afferent sensory information, except olfactory signals, is transmitted by thalamocortical axons (TCAs) to the cerebral cortex. The pathway choice of TCAs depends on diverse diffusible or substrate-bound guidance cues in the environment. Not only classical guidance cues (ephrins, slits, semaphorins, and netrins), morphogens, which exerts patterning effects during early embryonic development, can also help axons navigate to their targets at later development stages. Here, expression analyses reveal that morphogen Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-3 is expressed in the chick ventral diencephalon, hypothalamus, during the pathfinding of TCAs. Then, using in vitro analyses in chick explants, we identify a concentration-dependent effect of FGF3 on thalamic axons: attractant 100 ng/mL FGF3 transforms to a repellent at high concentration 500 ng/mL. Moreover, inhibition of FGF3 guidance functions indicates that FGF3 signaling is necessary for the correct navigation of thalamic axons. Together, these studies demonstrate a direct effect for the member of FGF7 subfamily, FGF3, in the axonal pathfinding of TCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongsheng Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical college of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
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Puelles L, Diaz C, Stühmer T, Ferran JL, Martínez‐de la Torre M, Rubenstein JLR. LacZ-reporter mapping of Dlx5/6 expression and genoarchitectural analysis of the postnatal mouse prethalamus. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:367-420. [PMID: 32420617 PMCID: PMC7671952 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present here a thorough and complete analysis of mouse P0-P140 prethalamic histogenetic subdivisions and corresponding nuclear derivatives, in the context of local tract landmarks. The study used as fundamental material brains from a transgenic mouse line that expresses LacZ under the control of an intragenic enhancer of Dlx5 and Dlx6 (Dlx5/6-LacZ). Subtle shadings of LacZ signal, jointly with pan-DLX immunoreaction, and several other ancillary protein or RNA markers, including Calb2 and Nkx2.2 ISH (for the prethalamic eminence, and derivatives of the rostral zona limitans shell domain, respectively) were mapped across the prethalamus. The resulting model of the prethalamic region postulates tetrapartite rostrocaudal and dorsoventral subdivisions, as well as a tripartite radial stratification, each cell population showing a characteristic molecular profile. Some novel nuclei are proposed, and some instances of potential tangential cell migration were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB‐Arrixaca InstituteUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Carmen Diaz
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological DisabilitiesUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Thorsten Stühmer
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of PsychiatryUCSF Medical SchoolSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - José L. Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB‐Arrixaca InstituteUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | | | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of PsychiatryUCSF Medical SchoolSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Developmental Remodeling of Thalamic Interneurons Requires Retinal Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3856-3866. [PMID: 30842249 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2224-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse is a model system to study the development of thalamic circuitry. Most studies focus on relay neurons of dLGN, yet little is known about the development of the other principal cell type, intrinsic interneurons. Here we examined whether the structure and function of interneurons relies on retinal signaling. We took a loss-of-function approach and crossed GAD67-GFP mice, which express GFP in dLGN interneurons, with math5 nulls (math5-/-), mutants that lack retinal ganglion cells and retinofugal projections. In vitro recordings and 3-D reconstructions of biocytin-filled interneurons at different postnatal ages showed their development is a multistaged process involving migration, arbor remodeling, and synapse formation. Arbor remodeling begins during the second postnatal week, after migration to and dispersion within dLGN is complete. This phase includes a period of exuberant branching where arbors grow in number, complexity, and field size. Such growth is followed by branch pruning and stabilization, as interneurons adopt a bipolar architecture. The absence of retinal signaling disrupts this process. The math5-/- interneurons fail to branch and prune, and instead maintain a simple, sparse architecture. To test how such defects influence connectivity with dLGN relay neurons, we used DHPG [(RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine], the mGluR1,5 agonist that targets F2 terminals. This led to substantial increases in IPSC activity among WT relay neurons but had little impact in math5-/- mice. Together, these data suggest that retinal signaling is needed to support the arbor elaboration and synaptic connectivity of dLGN interneurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Presently, our understanding about the development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is limited to circuits involving excitatory thalamocortical relay neurons. Here we show that the other principal cell type, intrinsic interneurons, has a multistaged developmental plan that relies on retinal innervation. These findings indicate that signaling from the periphery guides the maturation of interneurons and the establishment of inhibitory thalamic circuits.
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Somm E, Jornayvaz FR. Fibroblast Growth Factor 15/19: From Basic Functions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:960-989. [PMID: 30124818 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovered 20 years ago, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, and its mouse ortholog FGF15, were the first members of a new subfamily of FGFs able to act as hormones. During fetal life, FGF15/19 is involved in organogenesis, affecting the development of the ear, eye, heart, and brain. At adulthood, FGF15/19 is mainly produced by the ileum, acting on the liver to repress hepatic bile acid synthesis and promote postprandial nutrient partitioning. In rodents, pharmacologic doses of FGF19 induce the same antiobesity and antidiabetic actions as FGF21, with these metabolic effects being partly mediated by the brain. However, activation of hepatocyte proliferation by FGF19 has long been a challenge to its therapeutic use. Recently, genetic reengineering of the molecule has resolved this issue. Despite a global overlap in expression pattern and function, murine FGF15 and human FGF19 exhibit several differences in terms of regulation, molecular structure, signaling, and biological properties. As most of the knowledge originates from the use of FGF19 in murine models, differences between mice and humans in the biology of FGF15/19 have to be considered for a successful translation from bench to bedside. This review summarizes the basic knowledge concerning FGF15/19 in mice and humans, with a special focus on regulation of production, morphogenic properties, hepatocyte growth, bile acid homeostasis, as well as actions on glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. Moreover, implications and therapeutic perspectives concerning FGF19 in human diseases (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, biliary disorders, and cancer) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Radial glia fibers translate Fgf8 morphogenetic signals to generate a thalamic nuclear complex protomap in the mantle layer. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:661-679. [PMID: 30470893 PMCID: PMC6420463 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thalamic neurons are distributed between different nuclear groups of the thalamic multinuclear complex; they develop topologically ordered specific projections that convey information on voluntary motor programs and sensory modalities to functional areas in the cerebral cortex. Since thalamic neurons present a homogeneous morphology, their functional specificity is derived from their afferent and efferent connectivity. Adequate development of thalamic afferent and efferent connections depends on guide signals that bind receptors in nuclear neuropils and axonal growth cones, respectively. These are finally regulated by regionalization processes in the thalamic neurons, codifying topological information. In this work, we studied the role of Fgf8 morphogenetic signaling in establishing the molecular thalamic protomap, which was revealed by Igsf21, Pde10a and Btbd3 gene expression in the thalamic mantle layer. Fgf8 signaling activity was evidenced by pERK expression in radial glia cells and fibers, which may represent a scaffold that translates neuroepithelial positional information to the mantle layer. In this work, we describe the fact that Fgf8-hypomorphic mice did not express pERK in radial glia cells and fibers and presented disorganized thalamic regionalization, increasing neuronal death in the ventro-lateral thalamus and strong disruption of thalamocortical projections. In conclusion, Fgf8 encodes the positional information required for thalamic nuclear regionalization and the development of thalamocortical projections.
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Liu B, Zhou K, Wu X, Zhao C. Foxg1 deletion impairs the development of the epithalamus. Mol Brain 2018; 11:5. [PMID: 29394901 PMCID: PMC5797387 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithalamus, which is dorsal to the thalamus, consists of the habenula, pineal gland and third ventricle choroid plexus and plays important roles in the stress response and sleep-wake cycle in vertebrates. During development, the epithalamus arises from the most dorsal part of prosomere 2. However, the mechanism underlying epithalamic development remains largely unknown. Foxg1 is critical for the development of the telencephalon, but its role in diencephalic development has been under-investigated. Patients suffering from FOXG1-related disorders exhibit severe anxiety, sleep disturbance and choroid plexus cysts, indicating that Foxg1 likely plays a role in epithalamic development. In this study, we identified the specific expression of Foxg1 in the developing epithalamus. Using a "self-deletion" approach, we found that the habenula significantly expanded and included an increased number of habenular subtype neurons. The innervations, particularly the habenular commissure, were severely impaired. Meanwhile, the Foxg1 mutants exhibited a reduced pineal gland and more branched choroid plexus. After ablation of Foxg1 no obvious changes in Shh and Fgf signalling were observed, suggesting that Foxg1 regulates the development of the epithalamus without the involvement of Shh and Fgfs. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of the development of the epithalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Depression Center, Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Deng B, Cheng X, Li H, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G. Microarray expression profiling in the denervated hippocampus identifies long noncoding RNAs functionally involved in neurogenesis. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28587591 PMCID: PMC5461768 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-017-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The denervated hippocampus provides a proper microenvironment for the survival and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitors. While thousands of lncRNAs were identified, only a few lncRNAs that regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus are reported. The present study aimed to perform microarray expression profiling to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that might participate in the hippocampal neurogenesis, and investigate the potential roles of identified lncRNAs in the hippocampal neurogenesis. RESULTS In this study, the profiling suggested that 74 activated and 29 repressed (|log fold-change|>1.5) lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the denervated and the normal hippocampi. Furthermore, differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with neurogenesis were found. According to the tissue-specific expression profiles, and a novel lncRNA (lncRNA2393) was identified as a neural regulator in the hippocampus in this study. The expression of lncRNA2393 was activated in the denervated hippocampus. FISH showed lncRNA2393 specially existed in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and in the cytoplasm of neural stem cells (NSCs). The knockdown of lncRNA2393 depletes the EdU-positive NSCs. Besides, the increased expression of lncRNA2393 was found to be triggered by the change in the microenvironment. CONCLUSION We concluded that expression changes of lncRNAs exists in the microenvironment of denervated hippocampus, of which promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. The identified lncRNA lncRNA2393 expressed in neural stem cells, located in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, which can promote NSCs proliferation in vitro. Therefore, the question is exactly which part of the denervated hippocampus induced the expression of lncRNA2393. Further studies should aim to explore the exact molecular mechanism behind the expression of lncRNA2393 in the hippocampus, to lay the foundation for the clinical application of NSCs in treating diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Medical School of Nantong University, Building 3, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Congchuan District, Room 325, Nantong, 226001, China.
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