1
|
Ricken F, Can AD, Gräber S, Häusler M, Jahnen-Dechent W. Post-translational modifications glycosylation and phosphorylation of the major hepatic plasma protein fetuin-A are associated with CNS inflammation in children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268592. [PMID: 36206263 PMCID: PMC9544022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetuin-A is a liver derived plasma protein showing highest serum concentrations in utero, preterm infants, and neonates. Fetuin-A is also present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The origin of CSF fetuin-A, blood-derived via the blood-CSF barrier or synthesized intrathecally, is presently unclear. Fetuin-A prevents ectopic calcification by stabilizing calcium and phosphate as colloidal calciprotein particles mediating their transport and clearance. Thus, fetuin-A plays a suppressive role in inflammation. Fetuin-A is a negative acute-phase protein under investigation as a biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we studied the association of pediatric inflammatory CNS diseases with fetuin-A glycosylation and phosphorylation. Paired blood and CSF samples from 66 children were included in the study. Concentration measurements were performed using a commercial human fetuin-A/AHSG ELISA. Of 60 pairs, 23 pairs were analyzed by SDS-PAGE following glycosidase digestion with PNGase-F and Sialidase-AU. Phosphorylation was analyzed in 43 pairs by Phos-TagTM acrylamide electrophoresis following alkaline phosphatase digestion. Mean serum and CSF fetuin-A levels were 0.30 ± 0.06 mg/ml and 0.644 ± 0.55 μg/ml, respectively. This study showed that serum fetuin-A levels decreased in inflammation corroborating its role as a negative acute-phase protein. Blood-CSF barrier disruption was associated with elevated fetuin-A in CSF. A strong positive correlation was found between the CSF fetuin-A/serum fetuin-A quotient and the CSF albumin/serum albumin quotient, suggesting predominantly transport across the blood-CSF barrier rather than intrathecal fetuin-A synthesis. Sialidase digestion showed increased asialofetuin-A levels in serum and CSF samples from children with neuroinflammatory diseases. Desialylation enhanced hepatic fetuin-A clearance via the asialoglycoprotein receptor thus rapidly reducing serum levels during inflammation. Phosphorylation of fetuin-A was more abundant in serum samples than in CSF, suggesting that phosphorylation may regulate fetuin-A influx into the CNS. These results may help establish Fetuin-A as a potential biomarker for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Ricken
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahu Damla Can
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Gräber
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rudloff S, Jahnen-Dechent W, Huynh-Do U. Tissue chaperoning—the expanded functions of fetuin-A beyond inhibition of systemic calcification. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:949-962. [PMID: 35403906 PMCID: PMC8995415 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTraditionally, fetuin-A embodies the prototype anti-calcification protein in the blood, preventing cardiovascular calcification. Low serum fetuin-A is generally associated with mineralization dysbalance and enhanced mortality in end stage renal disease. Recent evidence indicates that fetuin-A is a crucial factor moderating tissue inflammation and fibrosis, as well as a systemic indicator of acute inflammatory disease. Here, the expanded function of fetuin-A is discussed in the context of mineralization and inflammation biology. Unbalanced depletion of fetuin-A in this context may be the critical event, triggering a vicious cycle of progressive calcification, inflammation, and tissue injury. Hence, we designate fetuin-A as tissue chaperone and propose the potential use of exogenous fetuin-A as prophylactic agent or emergency treatment in conditions that are associated with acute depletion of endogenous protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rudloff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen, University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ochieng J, Korolkova OY, Li G, Jin R, Chen Z, Matusik RJ, Adunyah S, Sakwe AM, Ogunkua O. Fetuin-A Promotes 3-Dimensional Growth in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells by Sequestering Extracellular Vesicles to Their Surfaces to Act as Signaling Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074031. [PMID: 35409390 PMCID: PMC8999611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies were conducted to evaluate key serum proteins and other components that mediate anchorage-independent growth (3-D growth) of LNCaP prostate cancer cells as spheroids. The cells were cultured on ultra-low attachment plates in the absence and presence of fetuin-A and with or without extracellular vesicles. The data show that fetuin-A (alpha 2HS glycoprotein) is the serum protein that mediates 3-D growth in these cells. It does so by sequestering extracellular vesicles of various sizes on the surfaces of rounded cells that grow as spheroids. These vesicles in turn transmit growth signals such as the activation of AKT and MAP kinases in a pattern that differs from the activation of these key growth signaling pathways in adherent and spread cells growing in 2-D. In the process of orchestrating the movement and disposition of extracellular vesicles on these cells, fetuin-A is readily internalized in adhered and spread cells but remains on the surfaces of non-adherent cells. Taken together, our studies suggest the presence of distinct signaling domains or scaffolding platforms on the surfaces of prostate tumor cells growing in 3-D compared to 2-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-327-6119
| | - Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology and Vanderbilt –Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (R.J.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Robert J. Matusik
- Department of Urology and Vanderbilt –Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (R.J.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Samuel Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (S.A.); (A.M.S.); (O.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rudloff S, Janot M, Rodriguez S, Dessalle K, Jahnen-Dechent W, Huynh-Do U. Fetuin-A is a HIF target that safeguards tissue integrity during hypoxic stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:549. [PMID: 33483479 PMCID: PMC7822914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with reduced kidney size at birth, accelerated renal function decline, and increased risk for chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases in adults. Precise mechanisms underlying fetal programming of adult diseases remain largely elusive and warrant extensive investigation. Setting up a mouse model of hypoxia-induced IUGR, fetal adaptations at mRNA, protein and cellular levels, and their long-term functional consequences are characterized, using the kidney as a readout. Here, we identify fetuin-A as an evolutionary conserved HIF target gene, and further investigate its role using fetuin-A KO animals and an adult model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Beyond its role as systemic calcification inhibitor, fetuin-A emerges as a multifaceted protective factor that locally counteracts calcification, modulates macrophage polarization, and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis, thus preserving kidney function. Our study paves the way to therapeutic approaches mitigating mineral stress-induced inflammation and damage, principally applicable to all soft tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rudloff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Janot
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Rodriguez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Onco-haematology, Geneva Medical University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Dessalle
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanor LD, Flowers GP, Crews CM. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas screen in regenerating haploid limbs of chimeric Axolotls. eLife 2020; 9:48511. [PMID: 31989926 PMCID: PMC6986871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Axolotls and other salamanders can regenerate entire limbs after amputation as adults, and much recent effort has sought to identify the molecular programs controlling this process. While targeted mutagenesis approaches like CRISPR/Cas9 now permit gene-level investigation of these mechanisms, genetic screening in the axolotl requires an extensive commitment of time and space. Previously, we quantified CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutations in the limbs of mosaic mutant axolotls before and after regeneration and found that the regenerated limb is a highfidelity replicate of the original limb (Flowers et al. 2017). Here, we circumvent aforementioned genetic screening limitations and present methods for a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 haploid screen in chimeric axolotls (MuCHaChA), which is a novel platform for haploid genetic screening in animals to identify genes essential for limb regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Sanor
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Grant Parker Flowers
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dholey Y, Chaudhuri A, Sen Chakraborty S. An integrated in silico approach to understand protein-protein interactions: human meprin-β with fetuin-A. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2080-2092. [PMID: 31184526 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1626284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human meprin-β, a zinc metalloprotease belonging to the astacin family, have been found to be associated with many pathological conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, fibrosis and neurodegenerative disease. The inhibition of meprin-β by various inhibitors, both macromolecular and small molecules, is crucial in the control of several diseases. Human fetuin-A, a negative acute phase protein involved in inflammatory disease, has recently been identified as an endogenous inhibitor for meprin-β. In this computational study, an integrated in silico approach was performed using existing structural information of meprin-β coupled with ab initio modelling of human fetuin-A to predict a rational model of the complex through protein-protein docking. Further, the models were optimized and validated to generate an ensemble of conformations through extensive molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual alanine scanning mutagenesis was explored to identify hotspot residues on both proteins significant for protein-protein interaction (PPI). The results of the study provide structural insight into PPI between meprin-β and fetuin-A which can be useful in designing molecules to modulate meprin-β activity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuthika Dholey
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Altinisik HB, Altinisik U, Uysal S, Sacar S, Simsek T, Demiraran Y. Are Fetuin-A levels beneficial for estimating timing of sepsis occurrence? Saudi Med J 2018; 39:679-684. [PMID: 29968890 PMCID: PMC6146244 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.7.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluated Fetuin-A levels of patients admitted in the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of sepsis. Methods: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital, Çanakkal, Turkey, between February 2015 and October 2015. Forty septic patients were included in the study. Subsequent to clinical suspicion of sepsis, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin; and white blood cell (WBC) counts were evaluated at 3 time-points: 0 (basal), 24, and 72 hours. Results: The mean Fetuin-A levels at the 3 time-points were 58.5 ± 29.2 ng/mL, 40.9 ± 23.6 ng/mL, and 47.8 ± 25.7 ng/mL, respectively. Fetuin-A levels at 24 hours were significantly lower than the basal level (p<0.05), where as no significant difference was observed between the basal levels and those at 72 hours (p>0.05). Correlation between the temporal changes in Fetuin-A levels and the changes in other inflammatory markers (CRP, procalcitonin and WBC) was examined. Fetuin A was found to have only a negative correlation with serum procalcitonin level (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, serum Fetuin-A levels in septic patients decreased significantly in the first 24 hours, followed by an insignificant increase at 72 hours. These findings suggest that monitoring of Fetuin-A levels may help predict the time of occurrence of sepsis and prognosis of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice B Altinisik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heinen MC, Babler A, Weis J, Elsas J, Nolte K, Kipp M, Jahnen-Dechent W, Häusler M. Fetuin-A protein distribution in mature inflamed and ischemic brain tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206597. [PMID: 30412582 PMCID: PMC6226147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver-derived plasma protein fetuin-A is strongly expressed during fetal life, hence its name. Fetuin-A protein is normally present in most fetal organs and tissues, including brain tissue. Fetuin-A was neuroprotective in animal models of cerebral ischemia and lethal chronic inflammation, suggesting a role beyond the neonatal period. Little is known, however, on the presence of fetuin-A in mature human brain tissue under different physiological and pathological conditions. Methods We studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the distribution of fetuin-A protein in mature human brain autopsy tissues from patients without neurological disease, patients with inflammatory brain disorders, and patients with ischemic brain lesions. To identify fetuin-A-positive cells in these tissues we co-localized fetuin-A with GFAP (astrocytes) and CD68 (macrophages, activated microglia). Results and discussion Unlike previous reports, we detected fetuin-A protein also in mature human brain as would be expected from an abundant plasma protein also present in cerebrospinal fluid. Fetuin-A immunoreactivity was increased in ischemic white matter and decreased in inflamed cerebellar tissue. Fetuin-A immunostaining was predominantly associated with neurons and astrocytes. Unlike the developing brain, the adult brain lacked fetuin-A immunostaining in CD68-positive microglia. Our findings suggest a role for fetuin-A in tissue remodeling of neonatal brain, which becomes obsolete in the adult brain, but is re-activated in damaged brain tissue. To further assess the role of fetuin-A in the mature brain, animal models involving ischemia and inflammation need to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Christina Heinen
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Babler
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, JARA-BRAIN, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Elsas
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay Nolte
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jahnen-Dechent W, Brylka L, Schinke T, McKee MD. Letter to the Editor, concerning: "FGF23-regulated production of fetuin-A (AHSG) in osteocytes". Bone 2016; 93:223-224. [PMID: 27260648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
The role of fetuin-A in mineral trafficking and deposition. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:672. [PMID: 25987986 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and phosphate are the principle ions involved in the deposition of mineral in the human body. Inhibitors of mineralisation are essential for the prevention of ectopic mineral precipitation and deposition. In the past decade, through in vitro, in vivo and clinical observation studies, we have come to appreciate the importance of fetuin-A (Fet-A), a circulating glycoprotein, in preventing ectopic calcium phosphate mineralisation. Moreover, the detection of Fet-A-containing mineral complex, termed calciprotein particles (CPPs), has provided new ways to assess an individual's calcific risk. The pathophysiological significance of CPPs in disease states is yet to be defined, but it provides an exciting avenue to further our understanding of the development of ectopic mineralisation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai MMX, Wigg B, Smith ER, Hewitson TD, McMahon LP, Holt SG. Relative abundance of fetuin- A in peritoneal dialysis effluent and its association with in situ formation of calciprotein particles: An observational pilot study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2014; 20:6-10. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael MX Cai
- Department of Nephrology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital); University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Belinda Wigg
- Department of Nephrology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy D Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital); University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Lawrence P McMahon
- Eastern Health Clinical School; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine; Box Hill Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology; The Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital); University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Mondal SA, Kumar M, Dutta D. Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Attributes of Fetu Iν-A: A Novel Hepatokine Modulating Cardiovascular and Glycemic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome. Endocr Pract 2014; 20:1345-1351. [DOI: 10.4158/ep14421.ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
13
|
Elsas J, Sellhaus B, Herrmann M, Kinkeldey A, Weis J, Jahnen-Dechent W, Häusler M. Fetuin-A in the developing brain. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 73:354-69. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marietta Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Biointerface Group; Aachen; Germany
| | - Anne Kinkeldey
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Biointerface Group; Aachen; Germany
| | | | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; Biointerface Group; Aachen; Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics; University Hospital; RWTH Aachen; Aachen; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang XQ, Hung BS, Kempf M, Liu PY, Dalley AJ, Saunders NA, Kimble RM. Fetuin-A promotes primary keratinocyte migration: independent of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:e289-92. [PMID: 19758338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that fetuin-A is a major component of ovine foetal skin and significantly enhances 'wound closure' in primary keratinocyte cultures. In this study, we found that in human newborn foreskin, a high level of fetuin-A protein is detected throughout the dermis. However, in adult skin a low level of fetuin-A is observed throughout the epidermal and dermal layers, except at regions surrounding hair follicles and at the epidermal-dermal junction where the level of fetuin-A is relatively high. Fetuin-A significantly induces actin-rich protrusions in human primary keratinocytes. Interestingly, blockade of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signalling has a limited effect on fetuin-A promoted 'wound closure' on primary human keratinocytes, but significantly inhibits fetuin-A's effect on HaCaT cells. These results indicate that high levels of fetuin-A may partially contribute to less scar formation in newborn foreskin and that the effect of fetuin-A on primary keratinocyte migration is independent of EGF receptor signalling.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hedrich J, Lottaz D, Meyer K, Yiallouros I, Jahnen-Dechent W, Stöcker W, Becker-Pauly C. Fetuin-A and Cystatin C Are Endogenous Inhibitors of Human Meprin Metalloproteases. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8599-607. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1004238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hedrich
- Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Lottaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Yiallouros
- Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Zoology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen NX, Chen X, O'Neill KD, Atkinson SJ, Moe SM. RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) alters fetuin-A uptake and regulates calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (BVSMC). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F674-80. [PMID: 20610533 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00730.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA/Rho kinases (ROCK) play a critical role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) actin cytoskeleton organization, differentiation, and function and are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We have previously determined that an important step in the regulation of calcification is fetuin-A endocytosis, a process that is dependent on changes in the cytoskeleton, which, in turn, is known to be affected by the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. In the present study, bovine VSMC (BVSMC) were treated with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 or transfected with ROCK small interfering (si) RNA to knock down ROCK expression. Both conditions resulted in reduced actin stress fibers and increased Cy5-labeled fetuin-A uptake. Inhibition of ROCK by Y-27632 or siRNA also significantly increased BVSMC alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcification of BVSMC and rat aorta organ cultures. Cells were then incubated in calcification media in the presence or absence of Y-27632 and matrix vesicles (MV) isolated by collagenase digestion. These MV, isolated from BVSMC incubated with Y-27632, had increased ALP activity and increased ability of MV to subsequently calcify collagen by 66%. In contrast, activation of RhoA, which is upstream of ROCK, by transfecting plasmids encoding the dominant active Rho GTPase mutant (Rho-L63) led to decreased fetuin-A uptake and reduced calcification in BVSMC. These results demonstrate that the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is an important negative regulator of vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Briana DD, Boutsikou M, Gourgiotis D, Boutsikou T, Baka S, Marmarinos A, Hassiakos D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Serum fetuin-A/alpha2-HS-glycoprotein in human pregnancies with normal and restricted fetal growth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 21:826-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14767050802326255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Fetuin-B in Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Biochem Genet 2008; 46:620-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-008-9176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Lai X, Bacallao RL, Blazer-Yost BL, Hong D, Mason SB, Witzmann FA. Characterization of the renal cyst fluid proteome in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:1140-1152. [PMID: 20411046 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by localized autonomous cellular proliferation, fluid accumulation within the cysts, and intraparenchymal fibrosis of the kidney. Little is known about the cyst fluid's protein composition. We hypothesized that the complex collection of cyst fluid proteins (cyst fluid proteome) plays a major role in cyst formation/maintenance and contains yet unknown diagnostic and mechanistic features that are common to all forms of PKD. We analyzed five kidney cyst fluids from four patients with ADPKD. Tryptic peptides from plasma-protein immunodepleted (ProteoPrep(R)) and undepleted cyst fluid samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Proteins were identified by SEQUEST and validated via the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline; 391 proteins were identified with >90% confidence; 251 of them in undepleted and 362 in immunodepleted samples. Immunodepletion removed >94% of the cyst fluid protein. A surprisingly large and functionally diverse number of proteins common to most cysts were identified. These proteins may be of mechanistic interest and include Ig gamma, kappa, and fragments; complement components; vitronectin; orosomucoid; prostaglandin D2 synthase; vitamin D-binding protein; clusterin; SERPIN family proteins; hemopexin; and fetuin-A. Additionally, these results suggest that further prefractionation and enhanced chromatographic separation of tryptic peptides is likely to expose an even greater number of relevant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang XQ, Hayes MT, Kempf M, Fraser JF, Liu PY, Cuttle L, Friend LRR, Rothnagel JA, Saunders NA, Kimble RM. Fetuin-A: a major fetal serum protein that promotes "wound closure" and scarless healing. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:753-7. [PMID: 17960182 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
21
|
Westenfeld R, Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M. Vascular calcification and fetuin-A deficiency in chronic kidney disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2007; 17:124-8. [PMID: 17482094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, extraosseous (including cardiovascular) calcification was predominantly regarded as a passive process of limited pathophysiological significance. It was thought that a calcium (Ca) x phosphate (P) product in excess of Ca and P solubility was the key trigger of progressive hydroxyapatite precipitation and deposition in vessels and soft tissues. Recently, however, it became apparent that calcification is a complex and highly regulated process involving inhibitors, inducers, and cell differentiation processes. It further became evident that cardiovascular manifestations of calcification predict patient outcomes in general populations, but in particular, in patients with chronic kidney disease. This review discusses the role of fetuin-A in the regulation of extraosseous and especially cardiovascular calcification processes. Fetuin-A is an inflammation-related Ca-regulatory glycoprotein and the prototype of a systemically acting calcification inhibitor. The emerging role of fetuin-A deficiency as a risk factor in dialysis patients was documented in cross-sectional studies demonstrating a significant correlation with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Westenfeld
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vonlaufen N, Naguleswaran A, Gianinazzi C, Hemphill A. Characterization of the fetuin-binding fraction of Neospora caninum tachyzoites and its potential involvement in host-parasite interactions. Parasitology 2007; 134:805-17. [PMID: 17291396 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Terminal sialic acid residues on surface-associated glycoconjugates mediate host cell interactions of many pathogens. Addition of sialic acid-rich fetuin enhanced, and the presence of the sialidiase inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid reduced, the physical interaction of Neospora caninum tachyzoites and bradyzoites with Vero cell monolayers. Thus, Neospora extracts were subjected to fetuin-agarose affinity chromatography in order to isolate components potentially interacting with sialic acid residues. SDS-PAGE and silver staining of the fetuin binding fraction revealed the presence of a single protein band of approximately 65 kDa, subsequently named NcFBP (Neospora caninum fetuin-binding protein), which was localized at the apical tip of the tachyzoites and was continuously released into the surrounding medium in a temperature-independent manner. NcFBP readily interacted with Vero cells and bound to chondroitin sulfate A and C, and anti-NcFBP antibodies interfered in tachyzoite adhesion to host cell monolayers. In additon, analysis of the fetuin binding fraction by gelatin substrate zymography was performed, and demonstrated the presence of two bands of 96 and 140 kDa exhibiting metalloprotease-activity. The metalloprotease activity readily degraded glycosylated proteins such as fetuin and bovine immunoglobulin G heavy chain, whereas non-glycosylated proteins such as bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G light chain were not affected. These findings suggest that the fetuin-binding fraction of Neospora caninum tachyzoites contains components that could be potentially involved in host-parasite interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Vonlaufen
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Chen X, Duan D, Wang E, Sturek MS, Edwards JM, Moe SM. Fetuin-A uptake in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells is calcium dependent and mediated by annexins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F599-606. [PMID: 16968889 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetuin-A is a known inhibitor of vascular calcification in vitro. In arteries with calcification, there is increased immunostaining for fetuin-A. However, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) do not synthesize fetuin-A, suggesting fetuin-A may be endocytosed to exert its inhibitory effects. To examine the mechanism by which fetuin-A is taken up in bovine VSMC (BVSMC), we examined living cells by confocal microscopy and determined the uptake of Cy5-labeled fetuin-A. The results demonstrated that fetuin-A was taken up in BVSMC only in the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas phosphorus had no effect. Additional studies demonstrated the calcium-dependent uptake was specific for fetuin-A and only observed in BVSMC and osteoblasts, but not epithelial, endothelial, or adipose cells. The uptake was dose dependent, but could not be inhibited by excess unlabeled fetuin-A, suggesting a fluid phase rather than a receptor-mediated process. Fetuin-A also induced a sustained increase in intracellular calcium in BVSMC in the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas there was no increase in the absence of extracellular calcium. To further characterize the uptake, we utilized an inhibitor of annexin calcium channel activity, demonstrating inhibition of both fetuin-A uptake and intracellular calcium increase. Finally, we demonstrate that fetuin-A binds to annexin II at the cell membrane of BVSMC. In summary, our study demonstrates calcium- and annexin-dependent uptake of fetuin-A that leads to a sustained rise in intracellular calcium. This regulated uptake may be a mechanism by which fetuin-A inhibits VSMC calcification in the presence of excess calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou H, Pisitkun T, Aponte A, Yuen PST, Hoffert JD, Yasuda H, Hu X, Chawla L, Shen RF, Knepper MA, Star RA. Exosomal Fetuin-A identified by proteomics: a novel urinary biomarker for detecting acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1847-57. [PMID: 17021608 PMCID: PMC2277342 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urinary exosomes containing apical membrane and intracellular fluid are normally secreted into the urine from all nephron segments, and may carry protein markers of renal dysfunction and structural injury. We aimed to discover biomarkers in urinary exosomes to detect acute kidney injury (AKI), which has a high mortality and morbidity. Animals were injected with cisplatin. Urinary exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation. Protein changes were evaluated by two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis and changed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The identified candidate biomarkers were validated by Western blotting in individual urine samples from rats subjected to cisplatin injection; bilateral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R); volume depletion; and intensive care unit (ICU) patients with and without AKI. We identified 18 proteins that were increased and nine proteins that were decreased 8 h after cisplatin injection. Most of the candidates could not be validated by Western blotting. However, exosomal Fetuin-A increased 52.5-fold at day 2 (1 day before serum creatinine increase and tubule damage) and remained elevated 51.5-fold at day 5 (peak renal injury) after cisplatin injection. By immunoelectron microscopy and elution studies, Fetuin-A was located inside urinary exosomes. Urinary Fetuin-A was increased 31.6-fold in the early phase (2-8 h) of I/R, but not in prerenal azotemia. Urinary exosomal Fetuin-A also increased in three ICU patients with AKI compared to the patients without AKI. We conclude that (1) proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes can provide biomarker candidates for the diagnosis of AKI and (2) urinary Fetuin-A might be a predictive biomarker of structural renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kwak JY, Ma TZ, Yoo MJ, Choi BH, Kim HG, Kim SR, Yim CY, Kwak YG. The comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:836-42. [PMID: 15345285 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develops as the consequence of a series of genetic changes in a hematopoietic precursor cell. However, the definitive diagnostic protein biomarkers for AML are still unclear. In our study to identify the biomarkers for an initial diagnosis, detection of relapse, and monitoring the minimal residual disease in AML by a less invasive method, serum proteins reflecting alterations in their proteomes were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of human sera of 12 patients with AML with those of 12 normal subjects. The differentially expressed spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization quadupole time-of-flight mass spectrometries. RESULTS Eight proteins that expressed differentially in the AML group were found. The expression levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, complement-associated protein SP-40, 40, RBP4 gene product, lipoprotein C-III, and an unknown protein were downregulated in serum of AML patients, whereas the other three proteins, including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variant, proteosome 26S ATPase subunit 1, and haptoglobin-1 were upregulated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that these proteins can be used as less invasive diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers of AML if further studies are done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abbud RA, Kelleher R, Melmed S. Cell-specific pituitary gene expression profiles after treatment with leukemia inhibitory factor reveal novel modulators for proopiomelanocortin expression. Endocrinology 2004; 145:867-80. [PMID: 14576184 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mediates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress response. Transgenic mice overexpressing LIF in the developing pituitary have altered pituitary differentiation with expansion of corticotropes, maintenance of Rathke's cleft cysts, and suppression of all other pituitary cell types. Affymetrix GeneChips were used to identify modulators of LIF effects in corticotrope (AtT-20) and somatolactotrope (GH(3)) cells. In addition to genes known to respond to LIF in corticotrope cells [e.g. suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)], corticotrope-specific changes were also observed for genes involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and expressed sequence tags. Two transcription factors identified, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-inducible factor (GIF), dose-dependently induced expression of the rat POMC promoter when overexpressed in AtT-20 cells. LIF further induced POMC transcription with C/EBPbeta, but not with GIF. C/EBPbeta also induced expression of the SOCS-3 promoter that was further enhanced by cotreatment with LIF. However, GIF did not affect SOCS-3 expression. These results indicate that C/EBPbeta and GIF are downstream effectors of LIF corticotrope action. LIF also stimulates the expression of inhibitors of its actions, such as SOCS-3 and SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1. alpha(2)-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG)/fetuin, a secreted protein that antagonizes bone TGFbeta/bone morphogenic protein signaling, was induced by LIF in a signal transducer and activator of transcription-3-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with AHSG/fetuin blocked LIF-induced expression of the POMC promoter independently of SOCS-3. Thus, using GeneChips, C/EBPbeta and GIF have been identified as novel mediators and AHSG/fetuin as an inhibitor of LIF action in corticotropes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rula A Abbud
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Denecke B, Gräber S, Schäfer C, Heiss A, Wöltje M, Jahnen-Dechent W. Tissue distribution and activity testing suggest a similar but not identical function of fetuin-B and fetuin-A. Biochem J 2003; 376:135-45. [PMID: 12943536 PMCID: PMC1223762 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2003] [Revised: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 08/28/2003] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fetuins are serum proteins with diverse functions including the regulation of osteogenesis and inhibition of unwanted mineralization. Besides the alpha2-Heremans and Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A, the recently identified fetuin-B is a second member of the fetuin family [Olivier, Soury, Risler, Smih, Schneider, Lochner, Jouzeau, Fey and Salier (1999) Genomics 57, 352-364; Olivier, Soury, Ruminy, Husson, Parmentier, Daveau and Salier (2000) Biochem. J. 350, 589-597], which belongs to the cystatin superfamily. We compared the expressions of fetuin-B and fetuin-A at the RNA level and established that both genes are most highly expressed in liver tissue. Like fetuin-A, fetuin-B mRNA is also highly expressed in tongue and placenta tissues. We demonstrated for the first time that fetuin-B is also expressed at the protein level in sera and several organs of mouse, rat and human. We isolated contiguous genomic clones containing both fetuin-B and fetuin-A genes, indicating that these genes are closely linked at the genome level. The close proximity of both these genes may explain our observation that fetuin-B expression was decreased in fetuin-A-deficient mice. Unlike fetuin-A, the amount of fetuin-B protein in human serum varied with gender and was higher in females than in males. Functional analysis revealed that fetuin-B, similarly to fetuin-A, is an inhibitor of basic calcium phosphate precipitation, albeit less active when compared with fetuin-A. Therefore fetuin-B may have a function that is partly overlapping, if not identical, with the function of fetuin-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research on Biomaterials (IZKF BIOMAT), University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schafer C, Heiss A, Schwarz A, Westenfeld R, Ketteler M, Floege J, Muller-Esterl W, Schinke T, Jahnen-Dechent W. The serum protein alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is a systemically acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:357-66. [PMID: 12897203 PMCID: PMC166290 DOI: 10.1172/jci17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification is a frequent complication of many degenerative diseases. Here we identify the serum protein alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (Ahsg, also known as fetuin-A) as an important inhibitor of ectopic calcification acting on the systemic level. Ahsg-deficient mice are phenotypically normal, but develop severe calcification of various organs on a mineral and vitamin D-rich diet and on a normal diet when the deficiency is combined with a DBA/2 genetic background. This phenotype is not associated with apparent changes in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, but with a decreased inhibitory activity of the Ahsg-deficient extracellular fluid on mineral formation. The same underlying principle may contribute to many calcifying disorders including calciphylaxis, a syndrome of severe systemic calcification in patients with chronic renal failure. Taken together, our data demonstrate a critical role of Ahsg as an inhibitor of unwanted mineralization and provide a novel therapeutic concept to prevent ectopic calcification accompanying various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora Schafer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research on Biochematerials, University Clinics, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ito T, Suzuki A, Imai E, Horimoto N, Ohnishi T, Daikuhara Y, Hori M. Tornado extraction: a method to enrich and purify RNA from the nephrogenic zone of the neonatal rat kidney. Kidney Int 2002; 62:763-9. [PMID: 12164857 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of the kidney is a complicated and tightly regulated process. Although several genes responsible for the renal development have been identified to date, the precise mechanisms of spatial and temporal regulation remain to be elucidated. Therefore, expanding our knowledge of molecules that are associated with nephrogenesis will be helpful to understand the whole process. METHODS To extract RNA selectively from the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney, we developed a simple and reliable method. RESULTS This method, named "tornado extraction," enriched RNA of the nephrogenic zone by about 30-fold. In combination with the suppression subtractive hybridization, a considerable number of genes that were differentially expressed in the nephrogenic zone were obtained. These genes included a series of endodermal markers such as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein as well as GDNF (glia-derived neurotrophic factor), osteoblast-specific factor-2 (OSF-2)/periostin and fetuin (one of the major serum proteins in the fetus). CONCLUSION Tornado extraction has great value in studying genes in the nephrogenic zone of the developing kidney. Since the quality of RNA obtained by this method is excellent, tornado extraction is suitable in combination with other techniques including the subtractive hybridization method and DNA microarray analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Box A8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In this issue (pp. 305-310) Jun Ren and Amy J. Davidoff author an article entitled 'Alpha2-HS glycoprotein, a putative inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, prevents glucose toxicity associated with cardiomyocyte dysfunction'. The protein responsible for this biological activity has recently come to the forefront of research on the biological activity of plasma proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Arnaud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29405, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Price PA, Thomas GR, Pardini AW, Figueira WF, Caputo JM, Williamson MK. Discovery of a high molecular weight complex of calcium, phosphate, fetuin, and matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in the serum of etidronate-treated rats. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3926-34. [PMID: 11724771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106366200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we report the discovery of a novel protein-mineral complex in the serum of rats treated with doses of the bone-active bisphosphonate etidronate that inhibit normal bone mineralization. The composition of this high molecular mass protein-mineral complex consists of about 18% mineral, 80% fetuin, and 2% matrix Gla protein (MGP) by weight, and the presence of the complex in serum after an injection of 8 mg etidronate/100 g of body weight elevates calcium by 1.8-fold (to 4.3 mm), phosphate by 1.6-fold (to 5.6 mm), and MGP by 25-fold (to 12 microg/ml). The serum mineral complex reaches maximal levels at 6 h after subcutaneous injection of etidronate and is subsequently cleared from serum by 24 h. This highly specific complex of fetuin, MGP, and mineral prevents the growth, aggregation, and precipitation of the mineral component, which indicates that the previously reported calcification inhibitory activities of fetuin and MGP may be related to their ability to form stable complexes with nascent mineral nuclei. Treatment with the vitamin K-antagonist warfarin prevents the increase in serum MGP after etidronate injection, which shows that the increase in serum MGP is due to new synthesis and that the gamma-carboxylation of MGP is necessary for its binding to the serum mineral complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Price
- Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Høyer PE, Terkelsen OB, Grete Byskov A, Nielsen H. Fetuin and fetuin messenger RNA in granulosa cells of the rat ovary. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:1655-62. [PMID: 11717125 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.6.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The hardening reaction that occurs in the zona pellucida to block polyspermy can be overcome in oocyte cultures in the presence of fetal serum or the serum component fetuin. Fetuin may also prevent precocious zona hardening by inhibiting a ZP2 proteinase released spontaneously by cortical granules during maturation of the oocyte. We demonstrated fetuin mRNA in the rat ovary by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and localized it by in situ hybridization. Fetuin mRNA was present in all granulosa cells of growing and large follicles. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the fetuin protein was only present in some of the small, growing follicles. In large, healthy follicles, fetuin protein was confined to cumulus cells and granulosa cells bordering the antrum. Fetuin was present in atretic follicles, but the staining pattern differed from that of healthy follicles. The follicular antrum contained a substantial amount of fetuin, but whether granulosa cells secreted it or it originated in the ovarian blood supply could not be confirmed. We concluded that at least a portion of the fetuin is produced by granulosa cells of growing and large follicles, suggesting that fetuin may function in a paracrine manner to maintain the zona pellucida in a penetrable state for fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E Høyer
- Centre for Experimental Histochemistry, Institute of Medical Anatomy, Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Panum Institute, Copenhagen, DK-2200 N, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dziegielewska KM, Daikuhara Y, Ohnishi T, Waite MP, Ek J, Habgood MD, Lane MA, Potter A, Saunders NR. Fetuin in the developing neocortex of the rat: distribution and origin. J Comp Neurol 2000; 423:373-88. [PMID: 10870079 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20000731)423:3<373::aid-cne2>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical distribution of the fetal protein fetuin in the neocortex of developing rat brain and the presence of its mRNA, as detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, was studied in fetuses at embryonic day 15 (E15) through E22, in neonates at postnatal day 0 (P0) through P20, and in adults. Quantitative estimates of fetuin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were obtained over the same period. Exogenous (bovine) fetuin injected intraperitoneally into fetal and postnatal rats was used to study the uptake of fetuin into CSF and brain and its distribution compared with endogenous fetuin; bovine albumin was used as a control. Fetuin was identified immunocytochemically in the cortical plate and subplate cells of the developing neocortex. In the rat fetus, fetuin first was apparent at E17, mainly in cell processes, but a few subplate cells also were positive. By E18, there was strong staining in subplate neurons and in inner cells of the cortical plate. At E21, these inner cells of the cortical plate were beginning to differentiate into layer VI neurons, many of which were positive for fetuin. By P0-P1, more layer VI neurons and some layer V neurons had become positive for fetuin. Fetuin immunoreactivity generally was weaker at P1, and, by P2-P3, it had disappeared from all of the layers of the developing neocortex. Bovine fetuin (but not albumin), probably taken up through CSF over the neocortical dorsal surface, had a cytoplasmic distribution; endogenous rat fetuin was both cytoplasmic and membrane bound. Thus, much of this fetuin can be accounted for by uptake, although the presence of fetuin mRNA indicates that in situ synthesis may also contribute.
Collapse
|
34
|
Penkowa M, Nielsen H, Hidalgo J, Bernth N, Moos T. Distribution of metallothionein I + II and vesicular zinc in the developing central nervous system: correlative study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1999; 412:303-18. [PMID: 10441758 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<303::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because zinc (Zn) is a co-factor in enzymes and participates in neurotransmission, it is essential for brain development. However, because excess Zn may cause neuronal injury, cerebral mechanisms for Zn regulation must operate. The metallothionein isoforms I and II (MT I + II) are putative candidates for chelating unbound Zn released from Zn-containing nerve terminals or transported into the brain. Whether vesicular Zn and MT I + II occur in identical regions of the developing brain is unknown. Accordingly, the developmental distribution of MT I + II and vesicular Zn was mapped. By using double-labeling fluorescence histochemistry, MT I + II immunoreactivity (ir) was attributed to astrocytes and cells of myelomonocytic lineage. The cells of the myelomonocytic lineage shared the morphology of monocytes and macrophages but not of microglia and occurred primarily around vessels and ventricles in the brainstem. By contrast, astrocytes were widespread throughout the developing brain. In embryonic and neonatal brain, MT I + IIir astrocytes were almost selectively observed in the septum and fascia dentate hilus (hi) of the hippocampus. With increasing postnatal age, they also occurred in hippocampal cortex, basal forebrain, neocortex, cerebellar cortex, and cranial nerve nuclei. MT I + II mRNAs were detected in regions of the brain that also displayed MT I + IIir, indicating transcriptional events. Vesicular Zn was recorded in neonatal brain solely in the dentate hi of the hippocampus. With increasing age, the amount of vesicular Zn increased in the hippocampus and other forebrain regions. The presence of MT I + II proteins in the developing brain was confirmed by radioimmunoassay. The regional distribution of astrocytic MT I + IIir and vesicular Zn suggests that MT I + II are implicated in Zn metabolism in the developing forebrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Penkowa
- Department of Medical Anatomy, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hansen TM, Nielsen H, Bernth N, Moos T. Expression of ferritin protein and subunit mRNAs in normal and iron deficient rat brain. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 65:186-97. [PMID: 10064889 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In non-neuronal tissue, ferritin subunit mRNAs are regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms leading to decreased ferritin protein synthesis during iron deficiency. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that the cerebral ferritin concentration declines during iron deficiency, suggesting that expression of ferritin subunit mRNAs in the brain may be regulated by mechanisms similar to those of non-neuronal tissue. However, as ferritin expression has been only vaguely studied in brain, this hypothesis remains to be tested. We investigated the influence of dietary iron deficiency on the cellular distribution of ferritin protein using immunohistochemistry and H- and L-ferritin subunit mRNAs by non-radioactive in situ hybridization. Pregnant rats were subjected to an iron depleted diet (6.4 mg/kg) from the day of conception. Litters were kept on the same diet until euthanized at the postnatal age of 10 weeks. This treatment reduced brain iron levels from approximately 57 to 26 microgram/g. Reducing the iron stores reduced histochemical detectable iron and the expression of ferritin immunoreactivity in neurons, oligodendrocyte-like and microglia-like cells. In normal rats, H- and L-ferritin subunit mRNAs were expressed in virtually all neurons and non-neuronal cells. The cerebral expression of the ferritin subunit mRNAs was not affected by iron deficiency. The levels of ferritin subunit mRNAs in the brain were also unaltered from iron deficiency when examined by Northern blotting. In conclusion, brain levels of iron and ferritin protein are highly susceptible to dietary iron deficiency, whereas the cerebral expression of H- and L-ferritin subunit mRNAs remains unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Hansen
- Department of Medical Anatomy, Section A, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yoshida K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto K, Sinohara H. cDNA sequencing of guinea pig alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, its expression in various tissues and acute phase expression. Biol Chem 1999; 380:95-9. [PMID: 10064143 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
cDNA encoding alpha 2-HS glycoprotein was amplified from guinea pig liver mRNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, cloned and sequenced. By RT-PCR and nested PCR, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA was detected not only in liver tissue but also in pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen, kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, brain, heart and leukocytes, but not in the lung. The alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA levels in the liver were reduced to half at 48 h after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|