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Li X, Liao C, Wu J, Yi B, Zha R, Deng Q, Xu J, Guo C, Lu J. Distinct serum exosomal miRNA profiles detected in acute and asymptomatic dengue infections: A community-based study in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31546. [PMID: 38807894 PMCID: PMC11130723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, research on exosomal miRNAs has provided new insights into exploring the mechanism of viral infection and disease prevention. This study aimed to investigate the serum exosomal miRNA expression profile of dengue-infected individuals through a community survey of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Methods A seroprevalence study of 1253 healthy persons was first conducted to ascertain the DENV infection status in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. A total of 18 serum samples, including 6 healthy controls (HC), 6 asymptomatic DENV infections (AsymptDI), and 6 confirmed dengue fever patients (AcuteDI), were collected for exosome isolation and then sRNA sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis, we discovered distinct serum exosomal miRNA profiles among the different groups and identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). These findings were further validated by qRT-PCR. Results The community survey of DENV infection indicated that the DENV IgG antibody positivity rate among the population was 11.97 % in the study area, with asymptomatic infected individuals accounting for 93.06 % of the anti-DENV IgG positives. The age and Guangzhou household registration were associated with DENV IgG antibody positivity by logistic regression analysis. Distinct miRNA profiles were observed between healthy individuals and DENV infections. A total of 1854 miRNAs were identified in 18 serum exosome samples from the initial analysis of the sequencing data. Comparative analysis revealed 23 DEMs comprising 5 upregulated and 18 downregulated miRNAs in the DENV-infected group (mergedDI). In comparison to AcuteDI, 18 upregulated miRNAs were identified in AsymptDI. Moreover, functional enrichment of the predicted target genes of DEMs indicated that these miRNAs were involved in biological processes and pathways related to cell adhesion, focal adhesion, endocytosis, and ECM-receptor interaction. Eight DEMs were validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusion The Baiyun District of Guangzhou exhibits a notable proportion of asymptomatic DENV infections as suggested in other research, highlighting the need for enhanced monitoring and screening of asymptomatic persons and the elderly. Differential miRNA expression among healthy, symptomatic and asymptomatic DENV-infected individuals suggests their potential as biomarkers for distinguishing DENV infection and offers new avenues of investigating the mechanisms underlying DENV asymptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Boyang Yi
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Renyun Zha
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Guangzhou Baiyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank “Hainan Medical University ‘One Health’ Research Center”, Haikou, 571199, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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MicroRNA let-7 and viral infections: focus on mechanisms of action. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:14. [PMID: 35164678 PMCID: PMC8853298 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of several critical cellular processes, a number of which are involved in host defense mechanisms. In particular, miRNA let-7 functions as an essential regulator of the function and differentiation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Let-7 is involved in several human diseases, including cancer and viral infections. Several viral infections have found ways to dysregulate the expression of miRNAs. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound lipid structures released from many types of human cells that can transport proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs, including let-7. After their release, EVs are taken up by the recipient cells and their contents released into the cytoplasm. Let-7-loaded EVs have been suggested to affect cellular pathways and biological targets in the recipient cells, and can modulate viral replication, the host antiviral response, and the action of cancer-related viruses. In the present review, we summarize the available knowledge concerning the expression of let-7 family members, functions, target genes, and mechanistic involvement in viral pathogenesis and host defense. This may provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies to manage viral infections.
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Lv JN, Li JQ, Cui YB, Ren YY, Fu YJ, Jiang YJ, Shang H, Zhang ZN. Plasma MicroRNA Signature Panel Predicts the Immune Response After Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753044. [PMID: 34887859 PMCID: PMC8650117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 10–40% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are unable to obtain successful improvements in immune function after antiretroviral therapy (ART). These patients are at greater risk of developing non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related conditions, with the accompanying increased morbidity and mortality. Discovering predictive biomarkers can help to identify patients with a poor immune response earlier and provide new insights into the mechanisms of this condition. Methods A total of 307 people with HIV were enrolled, including 110 immune non-responders (INRs) and 197 immune responders (IRs). Plasma samples were taken before ART, and quantities of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) were determined using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Candidate biomarkers were established through four phases: discovery, training, validation, and blinded test. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the combined predictive capacity of the identified miRNAs. The effect of one miRNA, miR-16-5p, on T cell function was assessed in vitro. Results Expression of five miRNAs (miR-580, miR-627, miR-138-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-323-3p) was upregulated in the plasma of INRs compared with that in IRs. Expression of these miRNAs was negatively correlated with both CD4+ T cell counts and the increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells after one year of ART. These five miRNAs were combined in a predictive model, which could effectively identify INRs or IRs. Furthermore, we found that miR-16-5p inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation by regulating calcium flux. Conclusion We established a five-miRNA panel in plasma that accurately predicts poor immune response after ART, which could inform strategies to reduce the incidence of this phenomenon and improve the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Lv
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Bin Cui
- R&D Department, Beijing Quantobio Star Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ren
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Mirahmadi Y, Nabavi R, Taheri F, Samadian MM, Ghale-Noie ZN, Farjami M, Samadi-khouzani A, Yousefi M, Azhdari S, Salmaninejad A, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3408937. [PMID: 34721577 PMCID: PMC8553480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3408937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality. Regardless of outstanding advances, which have been made for improving the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, the majority of the patients will die of the disease. Late-stage diagnosis and the occurrence of recurrent cancer after treatment are the most important causes of the high mortality rate observed in ovarian cancer patients. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer may help find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional stage, through binding to mRNA targets and inducing translational repression or degradation of target via the RNA-induced silencing complex. Over the last two decades, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, including ovarian cancer, has been documented in multiple studies. Consequently, these small RNAs could be considered as reliable markers for prognosis and early diagnosis. Furthermore, given the function of miRNAs in various cellular pathways, including cell survival and differentiation, targeting miRNAs could be an interesting approach for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated role of the important dysregulation of miRNAs and their roles in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we meticulously discuss the significance of miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Lastly, we mention the opportunities and the efforts made for targeting ovarian cancer through inhibition and/or stimulation of the miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Mirahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fourough Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Samadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Samadi-khouzani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hao Q, Wang Q, Qian H, Jiang J, Liu X, Xia W. Identification and functional characterization of miR-451a as a novel plasma-based biomarker for occult hepatitis B virus infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105233. [PMID: 34626767 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have indicated that miRNAs might play significant roles in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. while the miRNAs in occult HBV infection (OBI) are still largely unknown. METHODS Initially, 15 HBV infection-related miRNAs in plasma of 10 OBI and 10 healthy controls (HCs) was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Significantly dysregulated miRNAs were subsequently validated in another 64 OBI, 20HCs, 31 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 20 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (ASC). Furthermore, the potential biological functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-451a in HBV infection were investigated using HBV-expressing hepatoma cell lines. RESULTS Compared to HCs, plasma miR-451a and miR-340-3p were significantly up-regulated in OBI, ASC and CHB patients, while no significant difference was found among OBI, ASC and CHB patients. ROC curve analysis indicated that both plasma miR-451a and miR-340-3p could moderately distinguish OBI from HCs, with AUCs of 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. When combined, the differentiation efficiency of this miRNA panel was better, with an AUC of 0.82. While, they both could not specifically separate the stage of chronic HBV infection. Functional experiments showed that overexpression of miR-451a might suppress HBV replication and gene expression in hepatoma cell lines. Mechanistically, miR-451a might inhibit HBV replication and gene expression by directly targeting ATF2. CONCLUSIONS A plasma panel, including miR-340-3p and miR-451a that might suppress HBV replication by targeting ATF2, has the potential as biomarkers for HBV infection. In the setting of blood donations, this panel would be more practical to moderately differentiate OBI in HBsAg-negative donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Qinghui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Huizhong Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Hao Q, Wang Z, Wang Q, Chen B, Qian H, Liu X, Cao H, Xia W, Jiang J, Lu Z. Identification and characterization of lncRNA AP000253 in occult hepatitis B virus infection. Virol J 2021; 18:125. [PMID: 34112188 PMCID: PMC8194241 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that lncRNAs may play significant roles in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, as a special stage of HBV infection, the lncRNA expression in occult HBV infection (OBI) remains unclear. METHODS The plasma level of 15 HBV infection-related lncRNAs was initially detected using qRT-PCR in 10 OBI and 10 healthy controls (HCs) in discovery phase. Significantly dysregulated lncRNAs were subsequently validated in another 64 OBI, 20 HCs, 31 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 20 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (ASC). Moreover, the AP000253 expression in liver tissues and its potential biological functions in HBV infection were further investigate with public transcriptomic data and HBV-expressing cell lines. RESULTS Among candidate lncRNAs, the plasma level of AP000253 decreased significantly in OBI, ASC and CHB patients compared to HCs, while no difference was found among OBI, ASC and CHB patients. In liver tissues, similar AP000253 expression was also observed from the GSE83148 dataset, while that in HBV-expressing hepatoma cells was opposite. ROC curve analysis indicated that plasma AP000253 yielded an AUC of 0.73 with 60% sensitivity and 75% specificity when differentiating OBI from HCs, but it could not specifically separate the stage of chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, functional experiments suggested that AP000253 could promote HBV transcription and replication in hepatoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS AP000253 might be involved in HBV replication, and be served as a potential biomarker for HBV infection. In the setting of blood donations, plasma AP000253 would be more useful to moderately distinguish OBI in HBsAg-negative donors. However, the AP000253 expression in liver tissues and associated molecular mechanism of HBV infection deserve further study in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Liver Disease, Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Qinghui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Huizhong Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Liver Disease, Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Department of Liver Disease, Wuxi No.5 People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Rong X, Ailing F, Xiaodong L, Jie H, Min L. Monitoring hepatitis B by using point-of-care testing: biomarkers, current technologies, and perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:195-211. [PMID: 33467927 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1876565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are pandemic infectious diseases that seriously endanger human health, conventional diagnosis methods can not meet the requirements in resource-limited areas. The point of acre detection methods can easily resolve those problems. Herein, we review the most recent advances in POC-based hepatitis B detection methods and present some recommendations for future development. It aims to provide ideas for future research.Areas covered: Epidemiological data on Hepatitis B, conventional diagnostic methods for hepatitis B detection, some latest point of care detection methods for hepatitis B detection and list out the recommendations for future development.Expert opinion: This manuscript summarized traditional biomarkers of different hepatitis B stages and recent-developed POCT platforms (including microfluidic platforms and lateral-flow strips) and discuss the challenges associated with their use. Some emerging biomarkers that can be used in hepatitis B diagnosis are also listed. This manuscript has certain guiding significance to the development of hepatitis B detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Rong
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Feng Ailing
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Li Xiaodong
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Hu Jie
- Suzhou DiYinAn Biotech Co., Ltd. & Suzhou Innovation Center for Life Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Min
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Bandopadhyay M, Bharadwaj M. Exosomal miRNAs in hepatitis B virus related liver disease: a new hope for biomarker. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:23. [PMID: 32346400 PMCID: PMC7183117 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation, in its 2019 progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and STDs indicates that 257 million people are afflicted with chronic HBV infections, of which, 1 million patients lose their lives every year due to HBV related chronic liver diseases including serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The course of HBV infection and associated liver injury depend on several host factors, genetic variability of the virus, and the host viral interplay. The challenge of medical science is the early diagnosis/identification of the potential for development of fatal complications like liver cirrhosis and HCC so that timely medical intervention can improve the chances of survival. Currently, neither the vaccination regime nor the diagnostic methods are completely effective as reflected in the high number of annual deaths. It is evident from numerous publications that microRNAs (miRNAs) are the critical regulators of gene expression and various cellular processes like proliferation, development, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Expressions of these diminutive RNAs are significantly affected in cancerous tissues as a result of numerous genomic and epigenetic modifications. Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles (30–100 nm) secreted by normal as well as malignant cells, and are present in all body fluids. They are recognized as critical molecules in intercellular communication between cells through horizontal transfer of information via their cargo, which includes selective proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs are transferred to recipient cells where they can regulate target gene expression. This provides an insight into the elementary biology of cancer progression and therefore the development of therapeutic approaches. This concise review outlines various on-going research on miRNA mediated regulation of HBV pathogenesis with special emphasis on association of exosomal miRNA in advanced stage liver disease like hepatocellular carcinoma. This review also discusses the possible use of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in the early detection of HCC and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikankana Bandopadhyay
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
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The Regulatory Role of MicroRNA in Hepatitis-B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) Pathogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121504. [PMID: 31771261 PMCID: PMC6953055 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) is an intractable public health problem in developing countries that is compounded by limited early detection and therapeutic options. Despite the early promise of utilizing the regulatory role of miRNA in liver cancer, this field remains largely in the work-in-progress phase. This exploratory review paper adopts a broad focus in order to collate evidence of the regulatory role of miRNA in each stage of the HBV-HCC continuum. This includes the regulatory role of miRNA in early HBV infection, chronic inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and the onset of HCC. The paper specifically investigates HBV dysregulated miRNA that influence the expression of the host/HBV genome in HBV-HCC pathogenesis and fully acknowledges that this does not cover the full spectrum of dysregulated miRNA. The sheer number of dysregulated miRNA in each phase support a hypothesis that future therapeutic interventions will need to consider incorporating multiple miRNA panels.
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Hao QQ, Wang QH, Xia W, Qian HZ. Circulating miRNA expression profile and bioinformatics analysis in patients with occult hepatitis B virus infection. J Med Virol 2019; 92:191-200. [PMID: 31513283 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in the occurrence and development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious disease. However, miRNAs in occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), a special stage of HBV infection, remain largely unknown. Herein, we conducted this study to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and then to investigate the potential roles of these miRNAs in OBI. Plasma miRNA expression profiles of three OBI patients and three healthy controls were analyzed with high through-put miRNA sequencing technology. Altered expression of miRNAs was further confirmed with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate the involved pathways and target genes for these differentially expressed miRNAs. Totally, 32 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between OBI and healthy controls by miRNA sequencing (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < .1, and counts per million reads ≥ 1), including 16 downregulated and 16 upregulated miRNAs. Differential expression of hsa-miR-486-5p, -25-3p, and -92a-3p and -1-3p was further validated by qRT-PCR analysis, which was consistent with miRNA sequencing analysis. Moreover, these four miRNAs might distinguish OBI from HCs efficiently. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs were primarily involved in various biological processes related to gene expression and transcription, cell development and metabolism, protein modification and kinase activity regulation, as well as multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provided a global view of miRNA expression in plasma from OBI patients. These differentially expressed miRNAs might play important roles in the development of OBI, which provided intriguing insights into the screening and molecular mechanism of OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qin Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Zhong Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Poore GD, Ko ER, Valente A, Henao R, Sumner K, Hong C, Burke TW, Nichols M, McClain MT, Huang ES, Ginsburg GS, Woods CW, Tsalik EL. A miRNA Host Response Signature Accurately Discriminates Acute Respiratory Infection Etiologies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2957. [PMID: 30619110 PMCID: PMC6298190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading indication for antibacterial prescriptions despite a viral etiology in the majority of cases. The lack of available diagnostics to discriminate viral and bacterial etiologies contributes to this discordance. Recent efforts have focused on the host response as a source for novel diagnostic targets although none have explored the ability of host-derived microRNAs (miRNA) to discriminate between these etiologies. Methods: In this study, we compared host-derived miRNAs and mRNAs from human H3N2 influenza challenge subjects to those from patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Sparse logistic regression models were used to generate miRNA signatures diagnostic of ARI etiologies. Generalized linear modeling of mRNAs to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes allowed analysis of potential miRNA:mRNA relationships. High likelihood miRNA:mRNA interactions were examined using binding target prediction and negative correlation to further explore potential changes in pathway regulation in response to infection. Results: The resultant miRNA signatures were highly accurate in discriminating ARI etiologies. Mean accuracy was 100% [88.8-100; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] in discriminating the healthy state from S. pneumoniae pneumonia and 91.3% (72.0-98.9; 95% CI) in discriminating S. pneumoniae pneumonia from influenza infection. Subsequent differential mRNA gene expression analysis revealed alterations in regulatory networks consistent with known biology including immune cell activation and host response to viral infection. Negative correlation network analysis of miRNA:mRNA interactions revealed connections to pathways with known immunobiology such as interferon regulation and MAP kinase signaling. Conclusion: We have developed novel human host-response miRNA signatures for bacterial and viral ARI etiologies. miRNA host response signatures reveal accurate discrimination between S. pneumoniae pneumonia and influenza etiologies for ARI and integrated analyses of the host-pathogen interface are consistent with expected biology. These results highlight the differential miRNA host response to bacterial and viral etiologies of ARI, offering new opportunities to distinguish these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Poore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Emily R. Ko
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashlee Valente
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ricardo Henao
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey Sumner
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher Hong
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marshall Nichols
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Micah T. McClain
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Medicine Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erich S. Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Medicine Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Emergency Medicine Service, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
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He RQ, Wu PR, Xiang XL, Yang X, Liang HW, Qiu XH, Yang LH, Peng ZG, Chen G. Downregulated miR-23b-3p expression acts as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: A study based on public data and RT-qPCR verification. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2813-2831. [PMID: 29484429 PMCID: PMC5846654 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that miR-23b-3p, which is associated with cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis, acts as a biomarker for diagnosis and outcomes in numerous cancers. However, the clinicopathological implication of miR-23b-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Our study evaluated the role of miR-23b-3p in HCC and investigated its potential application as a marker for preliminary diagnosis and therapy in HCC. High-throughput data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were collected and analyzed. One hundred and one tissue sections of HCC were paired with adjacent non-cancerous HCC as further supplements. miR-23b-3p expression was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, the relationship between miR-23b-3p expression and HCC progression and Time-to-recurrence (months) was explored. Ten algorithms were applied to predict the prospective target genes of miR-23b-3p. Next, we conducted bioinformatics analysis for further study. miR-23b-3p expression was pronouncedly decreased in HCC tissues in contrast with their paired adjacent non-cancerous HCC (P<0.001) with RT-qPCR. In total, 405 targets, acquired with consistent prediction from at least five databases, were used for the bioinformatics analysis. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, all targets were classified into biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. In the pathway analysis, targets of miR-23b-3p were primarily enriched in the signaling pathways of renal cell carcinoma, hepatitis B and pancreatic cancer (corrected P-value <0.05). In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for miR-23b-3p, a total of 8 targets, including SRC, AKT1, EGFR, CTNNB1, BCL2, SMAD3, PTEN and KDM6A, were located in the key nodes with high degree (>35). In conclusion, this study provides impressive illumination of the potential role of miR-23b-3p in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. Furthermore, miR-23b-3p may act as a predictor of HCC and could be a new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Rong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Pant K, Venugopal SK. Circulating microRNAs: Possible role as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:370-377. [PMID: 27956256 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver is the central organ for metabolism and the hepatocytes metabolize several drugs, hepatotoxins, alcohol, etc. Continuous exposure of the hepatocytes to these toxins result in various chronic diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several diagnostic methods, such as serum markers, liver biopsy or imaging studies are currently available, most of these are either invasive or detect the disease at advanced stages. Hence, there is a need for new molecular markers that can be used for early detection of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring, 20-22 nucleotide long, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the gene expression at post-transcriptional levels, thereby modulating various biological functions. Their expression is deregulated under pathological conditions, and recent studies showed that they are secreted and can be detected in various body fluids. Since the cellular changes occur at earlier stages of the disease, detecting miRNAs in the body fluids could make them as potential novel biomarkers. Albeit, the difficulties in standardization procedures, cost and availability should be addressed before using them in the clinical arena. This review highlights the possible role of secreted miRNAs to use as early non-invasive diagnostic markers for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, 110021 New Delhi, India
| | - Senthil K Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, 110021 New Delhi, India.
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15
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Expression Profiling of Cellular MicroRNA in Asymptomatic HBsAg Carriers and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6484835. [PMID: 28913356 PMCID: PMC5587942 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6484835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential molecular markers to predict liver injury resulting from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the present study, we want to study the expression profile and clinical significance of miRNAs at different stages of CHB virus infection. Methods Using miRNA microarray, we investigated the global expression profiles of cellular miRNA in asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carriers (ASCs) and CHB patients, compared with healthy controls (HCs). Results We identified 79 and 203 differentially expressed miRNAs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASCs and CHB patients compared to HCs, respectively. Some of these miRNAs were common to ASCs and CHB patients, but another set of miRNAs that showed differential expression between ASCs and CHB patients was also identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the identified miRNAs played a role in important biological functions, such as learning or memory, cell-cell adherens junction, ion channel inhibitor activity, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion We identified some significant differentially expressed miRNA in different phases of HBV infection, which might serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the future.
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16
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Correia CN, Nalpas NC, McLoughlin KE, Browne JA, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE, Shaughnessy RG. Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Infectious Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:118. [PMID: 28261201 PMCID: PMC5311051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate a wide range of biological processes by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. Thousands of these molecules have been discovered to date, and multiple miRNAs have been shown to coordinately fine-tune cellular processes key to organismal development, homeostasis, neurobiology, immunobiology, and control of infection. The fundamental regulatory role of miRNAs in a variety of biological processes suggests that differential expression of these transcripts may be exploited as a novel source of molecular biomarkers for many different disease pathologies or abnormalities. This has been emphasized by the recent discovery of remarkably stable miRNAs in mammalian biofluids, which may originate from intracellular processes elsewhere in the body. The potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease has mainly been demonstrated for various types of cancer. More recently, however, attention has focused on the use of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious disease; for example, human tuberculosis caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sepsis caused by multiple infectious agents, and viral hepatitis. Here, we review these developments and discuss prospects and challenges for translating circulating miRNA into novel diagnostics for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Nicolas C Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Kirsten E McLoughlin
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan G Shaughnessy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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17
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Chen R, Wu JC, Liu T, Qu Y, Lu LG, Xu MY. MicroRNA profile analysis in the liver fibrotic tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:115-124. [PMID: 28127890 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the features of microRNA (miRNA) at different fibrotic stages in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver fibrosis. METHODS Liver tissues were collected from 40 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at fibrotic stages S0-4. Microarrays of miRNAs and genomic informatics analysis were performed. RESULTS In total, 105 miRNAs were differentially expressed in fibrotic tissues (S1-4 groups) compared with no fibrotic tissues (S0 group; P < 0.05). Combined with three classifications, 17 differential miRNAs were found to be closely related to fibrotic stages (over twofold change and P < 0.05). Five miRNAs had a signature that correlated with serum biochemical parameters and liver inflammatory grades. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that six miRNAs performed excellently in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, with the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) over 0.8; among them hsa-miR-214-3p had the highest AUROC (0.867). Gene ontology functions of differential miRNAs mainly involved in the cellular and developmental processes, localization, biological regulation, binding, transcriptional regulator and organelle. We also found that 23 novel signaling pathways were dysregulated in the liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MiRNA profile signature, including 17 differential miRNAs and 23 dysregulated signaling pathways, was associated with liver fibrosis. Hepatic inflammatory grades were correlated with the differential miRNA. Some miRNAs can be used for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Gen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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De Lacorte Singulani J, De Fátima Da Silva J, Gullo FP, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Enguita FJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Preliminary evaluation of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in paracoccidioidomycosis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:353-357. [PMID: 28451399 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs (length, 19-24 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition of proteins. Circulating miRNAs, which are extremely stable and protected from RNAse-mediated degradation in body fluids, have appeared as candidate biomarkers for numerous diseases. However, little is known about circulating miRNAs in fungal infections. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the Paracoccidioides species, and is endemic in Central and South America, with predominance in adult male workers from rural areas. The current study aimed to identify a serum miRNA expression profile that could serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PCM. Total RNA was isolated and the levels of circulating miRNAs were compared between patients with PCM and healthy control subjects using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis was used to evaluate the potential roles of these miRNAs in PCM. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in serum samples from patients with PCM. These miRNAs are associated with apoptosis and immune response. The identified miRNAs facilitate with understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the host-parasite interaction of PCM. Furthermore, considering that the diagnosis of PCM presents difficulties, these miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya De Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Julhiany De Fátima Da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patricia Gullo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Célia Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
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The Potential of MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Transplant Rejection. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4072364. [PMID: 28191475 PMCID: PMC5278203 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4072364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) influences many cellular functions, including cellular differentiation, cell proliferation, cell development, and functional regulation of the immune system. Recently, miRNAs have been detected in serum, plasma, and urine and circulating miR profiles have been associated with a variety of diseases. Rejection is one of the major causes of allograft failure and preventing and treating acute rejection are the central task for clinicians working with transplant patients. Invasive biopsies used in monitoring rejection are burdensome and risky to transplant patients. Novel and easily accessible biomarkers of acute rejection could make it possible to detect rejection earlier and make more fine-tuned calibration of immunosuppressive or new target treatment possible. In this review, we discuss whether circulating miRNA can serve as an early noninvasive diagnostic biomarker and an expression fingerprint of allograft rejection and transplant failure. Understanding the regulatory interplay of relevant miRNAs and the rejecting allograft will result in a better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of alloimmune injury.
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Zhu HL, Li X, Li J, Zhang ZH. Genetic variation of occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3531-3546. [PMID: 27053845 PMCID: PMC4814639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant “α” determinant of S protein are “hot spots” that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBsAg or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.
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Six Serum miRNAs Fail to Validate as Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150501. [PMID: 26919350 PMCID: PMC4769077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by expansion of a CTG microsatellite in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene. Despite characteristic muscular, cardiac, and neuropsychological symptoms, CTG trinucleotide repeats are unstable both in the somatic and germinal lines, making the age of onset, clinical presentation, and disease severity very variable. A molecular biomarker to stratify patients and to follow disease progression is, thus, an unmet medical need. Looking for a novel biomarker, and given that specific miRNAs have been found to be misregulated in DM1 heart and muscle tissues, we profiled the expression of 175 known serum miRNAs in DM1 samples. The differences detected between patients and controls were less than 2.6 fold for all of them and a selection of six candidate miRNAs, miR-103, miR-107, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-30c, and miR-652 all failed to show consistent differences in serum expression in subsequent validation experiments.
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22
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Ouyang X, Jiang X, Gu D, Zhang Y, Kong SK, Jiang C, Xie W. Dysregulated Serum MiRNA Profile and Promising Biomarkers in Dengue-infected Patients. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:195-205. [PMID: 26941580 PMCID: PMC4773284 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathological biomarkers and mechanisms of dengue infection are poorly understood. We investigated a new serum biomarker using miRNAs and performed further correlation analysis in dengue-infected patients. METHODS Expression levels of broad-spectrum miRNAs in serum samples from three patients with dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) and three healthy volunteers were separately analyzed using miRNA PCR arrays. The expressions of the five selected miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR in the sera of 40 DENV-1 patients and compared with those from 32 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the potential of these miRNAs for the diagnosis of dengue infection. RESULTS MiRNA PCR arrays revealed that 41 miRNAs were upregulated, whereas 12 miRNAs were down-regulated in the sera of DENV-1 patients compared with those in healthy controls. Among these miRNAs, qRT-PCR validation showed that serum hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-590-5p, hsa-miR-188-5p, and hsa-miR-152-3p were upregulated, whereas hsa-miR-146a-5p was down-regulated in dengue-infected patients compared with healthy controls. ROC curves showed serum hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p could distinguish dengue-infected patients with preferable sensitivity and specificity. Correlation analysis indicated that expression levels of serum hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p were negative and positively correlated with the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, respectively. Functional analysis of target proteins of these miRNAs in silico indicated their involvement in inflammation and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Dengue-infected patients have a broad "fingerprint" profile with dysregulated serum miRNAs. Among these miRNAs, serum hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR-590-5p, hsa-miR-188-5p, and hsa-miR-152-3p were identified as promising serum indicators for dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Ouyang
- 1. Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;; 2. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- 2. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- 3. Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- 2. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - S K Kong
- 4. School of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 609, Mong Man Wai Building, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoxin Jiang
- 5. Clinical Laboratory, Third People's Hospital, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong 528244, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- 2. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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MicroRNA panels as disease biomarkers distinguishing hepatitis B virus infection caused hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15026. [PMID: 26456479 PMCID: PMC4601029 DOI: 10.1038/srep15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An important unresolved clinical issue is to distinguish hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused chronic hepatitis and their corresponding liver cirrhosis (LC). Recent research suggests that circulating microRNAs are useful biomarkers for a wide array of diseases. We analyzed microRNA profiles in the plasmas of a total of 495 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, LC patients and healthy donors and identified 10 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between CHB and LC patients. Our logistic models show that three panels of miRNAs have promising diagnostic performances in discriminating CHB from LC. Blinded tests were subsequently conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances in clinical practice and a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 70% have been achieved in separating CHB from LC pateints. The expression levels of some circulating miRNAs were significantly correlated with HBV DNA load and liver function, such as prothrombin activity (PTA) and levels of alanin aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB) and cholinesterase (CHE). Our results provide important information for developing novel diagnostic tools for distinguishing chronic HBV hepatitis and their corresponding cirrhosis.
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Huang XL, Zhang L, Li JP, Wang YJ, Duan Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-150: A potential regulator in pathogens infection and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:503-10. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1072518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sarkar N, Chakravarty R. Hepatitis B Virus Infection, MicroRNAs and Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17746-62. [PMID: 26247932 PMCID: PMC4581219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the liver and can cause both acute as well as chronic liver diseases which might lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Regardless of the availability of a vaccine and numerous treatment options, HBV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of gene function. Studies on the role of miRNA in the regulation of hepatitis B virus gene expression have been the focus of modern antiviral research. miRNAs can regulate viral replication and pathogenesis in a number of different ways, which includefacilitation, direct or indirect inhibition, activation of immune response, epigenetic modulation, etc. Nevertheless, these mechanisms can appropriately be used with a diagnosticand/or therapeutic approach. The present review is an attempt to classify specific miRNAs that are reported to be associated with various aspects of hepatitis B biology, in order to precisely present the participation of individual miRNAs in multiple aspects relating to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
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26
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Zhang S, Ouyang X, Jiang X, Gu D, Lin Y, Kong SK, Xie W. Dysregulated Serum MicroRNA Expression Profile and Potential Biomarkers in Hepatitis C Virus-infected Patients. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:590-8. [PMID: 26283876 PMCID: PMC4532963 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in pathogen-host interactions. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles might have specific characteristics for virus strains, and could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for screening and diagnosing infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed to find new potential miRNA biomarkers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS Expression levels of broad-spectrum miRNAs in serum samples from 10 patients with HCV viremia and 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed using miRNA PCR arrays. Subsequently, the differential expression of four selected miRNAs (miR-122, miR-134, miR-424-3p, and miR-629-5p) was verified by qRT-PCR in the serum of 39 patients compared with that in 29 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate their potential for the diagnosis of HCV infection. RESULTS miRNA PCR array assays revealed differential expression of 106 miRNAs in sera of HCV patients compared with that in healthy controls. Serum hsa-miR-122, miR-134, miR-424-3p, and miR-629-5p were well identified. The ROC curves showed that miR-122, miR-134, miR-424-3p, and miR-629-5p could distinguish HCV patients with preferable sensitivity and specificity. In addition, Correlation analysis indicated serum miR-122 expression was positive correlation with ALT/AST levels. Functional analysis of target proteins of these miRNAs indicated the involvement of viral replication, inflammation, and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION HCV patients have a broad 'fingerprint' profile with dysregulated serum miRNAs compared with that in healthy controls. Among these, serum hsa-miR-122, miR-134, miR-424-3p, and miR-629-5p are identified as promising indication factors of the serum miRNA profile of HCV infection. Particularly, miR-122 could be one of serum biomarkers for early pathological process of HCV. However, more miRNA biomarkers and biological functions of these miRNAs require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhang
- 1. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China ; 2. Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- 1. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China ; 3. Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- 1. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- 4. Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yulong Lin
- 2. Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - S K Kong
- 5. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 609, Mong Man Wai Building, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- 1. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Fan HX, Tang H. Complex interactions between microRNAs and hepatitis B/C viruses. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13477-13492. [PMID: 25309078 PMCID: PMC4188899 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of many target genes via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. Many studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the modulation of gene expression and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and play a pivotal role in host-virus interactions. Increasing evidence also demonstrates that viral infection leads to alteration of the miRNA expression profile in hepatic tissues or circulation. The deregulated miRNAs participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression by functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by targeting various genes involved in cancer-related signaling pathways. The distinct expression pattern of miRNAs may be a useful marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of virus-related diseases considering the limitation of currently used biomarkers. Moreover, the role of deregulated miRNA in host-virus interactions and HCC development suggested that miRNAs may serve as therapeutic targets or as tools. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the deregulation and the role of miRNAs during HBV/HCV infection and HCC development, and we discuss the possible mechanism of action of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of virus-related diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of using miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets and drugs.
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Xie KL, Zhang YG, Liu J, Zeng Y, Wu H. MicroRNAs associated with HBV infection and HBV-related HCC. Theranostics 2014; 4:1176-92. [PMID: 25285167 PMCID: PMC4183996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global problem and a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a group of small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression at the posttranslational level, thereby participating in fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in HBV infection, the recently identified mechanism underlying dysregulation of miRNAs in HBV-associated HCC, and their association with hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the recent advances in the use of circulating miRNAs in the early diagnosis of HCC as well as therapies based on these aberrantly expressed miRNAs.
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Li L, Diao W, Zen K. Micro-ribonucleic acids: potential noninvasive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:21-33. [PMID: 27508173 PMCID: PMC4918264 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s44463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Each year, more than 500,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with HCC. The onset of HCC is typically unnoticeable, and the prognosis is usually poor. The early diagnosis of HCC and dynamic monitoring of this disease can contribute to more effective therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes. To achieve early diagnosis, more sensitive, specific, and easily detectable biomarkers are necessary. Recently, scientists have focused on identifying novel, sensitive, and minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. By negatively regulating target-gene expression, miRNAs play a critical role in diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and developmental timing. Unique changes in miRNA expression in serum or plasma samples from HCC patients have been reported, suggesting that miRNAs may serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing HCC and evaluating therapeutic responses or as potential therapeutic targets in HCC. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the role of miRNAs in HCC pathogenesis and progression, and highlights their diagnostic and prognostic value for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Diao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Comprehensive characterization of serum microRNA profile in response to the emerging avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection in humans. Viruses 2014; 6:1525-39. [PMID: 24699363 PMCID: PMC4014708 DOI: 10.3390/v6041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus recently occurred in China and caused 137 human infection cases with a 32.8% mortality rate. Although various detection procedures have been developed, the pathogenesis of this emerging virus in humans remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized serum microRNA (miRNA) profile in response to H7N9 virus infection using TaqMan Low Density Arrays. Upon infection, a total of 395 miRNAs were expressed in the serum pool of patients, far beyond the 221 in healthy controls. Among the 187 commonly expressed miRNAs, 146 were up-regulated and only 7 down-regulated in patients. Further analysis by quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the serum levels of miR-17, miR-20a, miR-106a and miR-376c were significantly elevated in patients compared with healthy individuals (p< 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to show that each miRNA could discriminate H7N9 patients from controls with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.622 to 0.898, whereas a combination of miR-17, miR-20a, miR-106a and miR-376c obtained a higher discriminating ability with an AUC value of 0.96. Our findings unravel the significant alterations in serum miRNA expression following virus infection and manifest great potential of circulating miRNAs for the diagnosis of viral diseases.
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31
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Wei L, Gong X, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Differential expression and functions of microRNAs in liver transplantation and potential use as non-invasive biomarkers. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:123-9. [PMID: 24001411 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in many biologic processes and have been implicated in the control of genes relevant to acute rejection and liver functions. Here we review the miRNAs specifically expressed in allografts during acute rejection and discuss potential roles for these miRNAs in liver dysfunction. We focus on miRNAs dysregulated both in the liver and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and include a discussion of the potential for these miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers to reflect liver status posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Wang Z, Jinnin M, Kudo H, Inoue K, Nakayama W, Honda N, Makino K, Kajihara I, Fukushima S, Inoue Y, Ihn H. Detection of hair-microRNAs as the novel potent biomarker: evaluation of the usefulness for the diagnosis of scleroderma. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:134-41. [PMID: 23890704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum microRNA levels are known as useful biomarkers for various diseases. Recent publication has indicated the existence of microRNAs in hair roots and hair shafts. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated several methods for the extraction of hair microRNAs, and their usefulness for the diagnosis of scleroderma. METHODS A single hair root and 5 pieces of hair shafts were obtained from the occiput of each individual of 11 scleroderma patients and 13 normal subjects at the time of serum sampling. microRNA extraction from sera or hair roots was performed with commercially available kits. microRNAs were extracted from hair shafts using four different methods. microRNA expression was evaluated by PCR array and real-time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated microRNAs in hair roots and hair shafts were detectable and quantitative using our method. We found the difference of microRNA levels in hair roots and hair shafts obtained from different places of head in each individual were within 2-fold, indicating the reproducibility of hair microRNA levels by our method. PCR array revealed microRNAs from sera, hair roots and hair shafts have different expression pattern, and can be independent biomarkers. Serum and hair root miR-196a levels were not significantly changed in scleroderma patients, while we found miR-196a levels in hair shafts were significantly decreased in scleroderma patients compared to those in normal subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Hairs are more accessible than sera among human samples. microRNAs levels in hair roots or hair shafts may become effective and independent biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Kupek E. Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/839896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Kupek
- Department of Public Health/CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Witwer KW. XenomiRs and miRNA homeostasis in health and disease: evidence that diet and dietary miRNAs directly and indirectly influence circulating miRNA profiles. RNA Biol 2012; 9:1147-54. [PMID: 22951590 PMCID: PMC3579881 DOI: 10.4161/rna.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contributions of dietary miRNAs to circulating small RNA profiles would have profound implications for interpretation of miRNA biomarker studies: presumptive disease-specific markers might instead indicate responses to disease-associated quantitative or qualitative dietary alteration. This examination weighs the evidence for a 2-fold hypothesis: first, that ingested biological matter contributes directly to the miRNA complement of body compartments; and second, that these diet-derived exogenous miRNAs (or "xenomiRs") affect total miRNA profiles as part of a circulating miRNA homeostasis that is altered in many diseases. Homeostasis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a known miRNA carrier-provides a model as a proposed component of broader miRNA homeostasis. Further research into the dietary xenomiR hypothesis is needed to ensure rigor in the search for truly disease-specific miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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