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Reppucci M, Prendergast C, Flynn K, Scarbro S, Derderian SC, Diaz-Miron J. Trainee educational curriculum to standardize central venous catheter repair. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:978. [PMID: 38115058 PMCID: PMC10731855 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children may require durable central venous catheters (CVCs) for various reasons. CVC-related integrity complications are common and can often be repaired at the bedside to increase lifetime. Variability in repair techniques can lead to complications, including the need for repeat repair and Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI). METHODS The impact of an educational curriculum to standardize tunneled CVC repairs for trainees on a pediatric surgery service was studied, focusing on comfort level with tunneled CVC repair and to determine the impact on complication rates. Rotating trainees studied a dedicated audiovisual educational curriculum comprised of a video, educational slides, and a practical component from November 2020 through January 2022. Experience and comfort level with tunneled CVC repairs were assessed before and after the rotation. CVCs repaired during the duration of the study were evaluated and compared to the period prior. RESULTS Forty-nine individuals completed the pre- and post-training survey. Respondents (34.7%, n = 17) most commonly reported one year of surgical experience, and (79.6%, n = 39) had never observed or assisted in a repair previously. Following training, respondents felt more comfortable with all aspects of the CVC repair process (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in re-repair rates or CLABSI rates following the implementation of the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS Tunneled CVC procedural repair variability can be standardized with a dedicated educational curriculum for rotating trainees, which improves knowledge and comfort with such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reppucci
- Department of General Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Connor Prendergast
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13213 E 16th Ave, Box 323, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Flynn
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13213 E 16th Ave, Box 323, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sharon Scarbro
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Christopher Derderian
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13213 E 16th Ave, Box 323, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jose Diaz-Miron
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13213 E 16th Ave, Box 323, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA.
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2
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Jaffray J, Mosha M, Branchford B, Goldenberg NA, Silvey M, Croteau SE, Fargo JH, Cooper JD, Bakeer N, Stillings A, Krava E, Young G, Amankwah EK. Evaluation of venous thromboembolism risk factors reveals subtype heterogenicity in children with central venous catheters: a multicenter study from the Children's Hospital Acquired Thrombosis consortium. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2441-2450. [PMID: 37100395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acutely ill and medically complex children frequently rely on central venous catheters (CVCs) to provide life-sustaining treatment. Unfortunately, catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a serious and common complication. Little is known why some with a CVC develop CRT and others develop venous thromboembolism unrelated to the CVC (non-CRT). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with CRT in children with hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE). METHODS This case-case study included participants in the Children's Hospital Acquired Thrombosis Registry with HA-VTE and CVC aged 0 to 21 years from 8 US children's hospitals. Participants were excluded if they developed HA-VTE prior to CVC insertion or if the CVC insertion date was unknown. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between clinical factors and CRT status. RESULTS There were 1144 participants with HA-VTE who had a CVC. CRT developed in 833 participants, and 311 developed non-CRT. Multivariable analysis showed increased odds of CRT (compared with non-CRT) in participants with peripherally inserted central catheters (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% CI, 2.04-7.10; p < .001), CVCs inserted in the femoral vein (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.70-11.65; p = .002), multiple CVCs (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.71; p < .001), and CVC malfunction (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.80-6.03; p < .001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide new insights on risk factor differences between CRT and non-CRT. Prevention efforts should be directed at modifying the type of CVC, insertion location, and/or number of CVCs placed, if possible, to decrease the incidence of CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jaffray
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA.
| | - Maua Mosha
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Branchford
- Versiti Medical Sciences Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Wisconsin Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neil A Goldenberg
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Silvey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacy E Croteau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Fargo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - James D Cooper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nihal Bakeer
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amy Stillings
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Krava
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guy Young
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ernest K Amankwah
- Data Coordinating Center, Johns Hopkins All Children's Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA; Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Belletrutti M, Bruce A. Kids! We need to CHAT about clots and central lines. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2373-2374. [PMID: 37597898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Belletrutti
- Division of Oncology/Hematology/BMT, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Aisha Bruce
- KIDCLOT Program, Division of Cardiology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Cohen N, Rosenberg T, Rimon A, Friedman S. Early removal of a permanent catheter during the acute management of the unstable pediatric hemato-oncology patient with suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection: a multi-disciplinary survey and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:795-802. [PMID: 36482088 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There are no guidelines for the optimal manner and timing of permanent central catheter removal in the hemodynamically unstable pediatric hemato-oncology patient with suspected catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). Our goals were to examine current practices of permanent central catheter management and choice of removal in the hemodynamically unstable pediatric patient with suspected CRBSI among practitioners in diverse subspecialties. We performed a literature review on the subject, and conducted a multi-disciplinary survey included pediatric oncologists, pediatric emergency medicine physicians, and pediatric intensive care physicians whom we queried about their choice of permanent central catheter management and removal while treating the hemodynamically unstable pediatric patient with suspected CRBSI. Most of the 78 responders (n = 47, 59%) preferred to utilize the existing permanent central catheter for initial intravenous access rather than an alternative access. There were no significant differences between physician subspecialties (p = 0.29) or training levels (p = 0.14). Significantly more pediatric emergency medicine physicians preferred not to remove the permanent central catheter at any time point compared to the pediatric hemato-oncologists, who preferred to remove it at some point during the acute presentation (44.4% vs. 9.4%, respectively, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our study findings reflect the need for uniform guidelines on permanent central catheter use and indications for its removal in the hemodynamically unstable pediatric patient. We suggest that permanent central catheter removal should be urgently considered in a deteriorating patient who failed to be stabilized with medical treatment. WHAT IS KNOWN • There are no guidelines for the optimal choice and timing of permanent central catheter removal in the hemodynamically unstable pediatric hemato-oncology patient with suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). WHAT IS NEW • We found variations in practices among pediatricians from diverse subspecialties and conflicting data in the literature. • There is a need for prospective studies to provide uniform guidelines for optimal management of suspected CRBSI in the hemodynamically unstable pediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tom Rosenberg
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Rimon
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirley Friedman
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hajji M, Neji M, Agrebi S, Nessira SB, Hamida FB, Barbouch S, Harzallah A, Abderrahim E. Incidence and challenges in management of hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20536. [PMID: 36446808 PMCID: PMC9709051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter-related infections (CRI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this paper, we share our experience with CRI in HD patients. We recorded 49 cases of CRI among 167 patients during a period of 40 months (January 2018-April 2021). The incidence of CRI was 3.7 per 1000 catheter-days. The revealing symptoms were dominated by fever or chills (90%). Inflammatory signs were observed in 74% of cases with respectively concurrent exit-site (51%) and tunnel infection (6%). The biological inflammatory syndrome was found in 74% of patients (average CRP level = 198.9 mg/l). Blood cultures were performed in all cases and were positive in 65% of cases. Thirteen patients have been diagnosed with Infection complications, which were respectively infective endocarditis in 7 cases, septic arthritis in 3 cases, infective myositis in one case, cerebral thrombophlebitis in 1 case and mediastinitis in 1 case. The death occurred in eleven patients, it was due to septic shock in 9 cases, pulmonary embolism in one case and neurologic alterations related to cerebral thrombophlebitis. The mean seniority in HD was 16.5 months in the group with CRI and 3.7 months in the group without CRI (p < 0.04). We did not notice significant difference in mortality between tunnelled and non-tunnelled catheters. CRI does not seem to be more severe in patients with diabetes. Duration of use of the HD catheter (p < 0.007) and ferritin level (p < 0.0001) were independent factors that predispose to CRI in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Hajji
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Laboratory of Renal Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Neji
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Agrebi
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Laboratory of Renal Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Ben Nessira
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Ben Hamida
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Laboratory of Renal Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Barbouch
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Laboratory of Renal Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Harzallah
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Laboratory of Renal Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Abderrahim
- grid.413827.b0000 0004 0594 6356Department of Internal Medicine “A”, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Beb Saadoun, 1009 Tunis, Tunisie ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Zhang S, Xiao Z, Yang F. Analysis of related complications of totally implantable venous access ports in children's chemotherapy: Single center experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29899. [PMID: 35801731 PMCID: PMC9259173 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) has become an important infusion channel for children who need chemotherapy. With the popularization of TIVAP, its related complications have gradually received clinical attention. However, there are few studies on the complications of TIVAP in children. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the risk factors of complications in children's infusion port, so as to provide basis for guiding clinical prevention and intervention. This paper retrospectively analyzed 182 children who received TIVAP implantation in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021. According to the demographic data, basic disease status and operation related data obtained through Hospital Information System and manual follow-up, the complications and related influencing factors after implantation and implantation were summarized and analyzed. SPSS software was used to analyze the influencing factors between the complication group and the control group. There were 182 cases of children implanted in intravenous infusion port, of which 71 cases had complications, infection was the most common complication in 50 cases, followed by catheter blockage in 23 cases. Among the infection factors, catheter-related blood stream infection accounted for the highest proportion in 31 cases (17.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen. A total of 19 cases were pulled out early, and the unplanned pullout rate of catheter-related blood stream infection was the highest. In the analysis of influencing factors, age had significant differences in catheter-related infection, all complications and no complications (P < .05). The overall incidence of complications in the use of TIVAP in children with chemotherapy is high, and infection is the most common complication, among which catheter-related blood stream infection is the most common cause of unplanned pullout. Lower age may be associated with a higher incidence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Songze Zhang, MD, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China (e-mail: )
| | - Zhangsheng Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feibiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Lischka J, Arbeiter K, de Gier C, Willfort-Ehringer A, Walleczek NK, Gellai R, Boehm M, Wiegman A, Greber-Platzer S. Vascular access for lipid apheresis: a challenge in young children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:131. [PMID: 35279116 PMCID: PMC8917672 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hoFH) is a rare genetic disorder leading to extremely increased LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), resulting in high cardiovascular risk in early childhood. Lipid apheresis (LA) is an effective treatment and should be started as early as possible to prevent premature cardiovascular events. As peripheral punctures in children can be challenging due to small vessels and anxiety, this study aimed to evaluate feasibility and safety of central venous catheters (CVCs) as vascular access for LA in young children with hoFH. Methods Retrospective analysis (2016-2019) on four children with hoFH aged 3-5 years, performing weekly or biweekly LA with a CVC. Results LDL-C decreased by> 60%. In three children, the use of a permanent CVC for 698, 595, and 411 days, respectively, avoided difficult peripheral access, without the occurrence of occlusion or thrombosis. Unfortunately, one child had recurrent CVC-related infections and needed an arteriovenous fistula from the age of 5.
Although the mean dwell time per catheter was 212 days, there were, as expected, severe side effects of early catheter infections with sepsis and accidental self-removal. Starting LA at an early age improved or stabilized carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in three children. However, IMT did increase in one child caused by intolerance to peripheral punctures and LA interruption. Conclusions Permanent CVCs are a viable temporary access choice for LA in young children with hoFH until peripheral venipuncture is practicable. The risk of CVC-related infections needs to be taken into account. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03192-7.
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Crocoli A, Martucci C, Persano G, De Pasquale MD, Serra A, Accinni A, Aloi IP, Bertocchini A, Frediani S, Madafferi S, Pardi V, Inserra A. Vascular Access in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology: State of the Art. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010070. [PMID: 35053694 PMCID: PMC8774620 DOI: 10.3390/children9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Management and successful use of vascular access are critical issues in pediatric patients affected by malignancies. Prolonged course of disease, complex and various treatment protocols require long-lasting vascular access providing adequate tools to administrate those therapies and to collect routine blood sampling without painful and repeated venipuncture. For these reasons, central venous catheters are currently an important component in pediatric onco-hematological care, with a direct influence on outcome. Indeed, there are peculiar issues (techniques of insertion, management, complications etc.) which must be well-known in order to improve the outcome and the quality of life of children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Crocoli
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Cristina Martucci
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668592155
| | - Giorgio Persano
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Maria Debora De Pasquale
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Cell and Gene Therapy Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Annalisa Serra
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Cell and Gene Therapy Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonella Accinni
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Ivan Pietro Aloi
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Arianna Bertocchini
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Simone Frediani
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Silvia Madafferi
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Valerio Pardi
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- General Surgery Department, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (G.P.); (A.A.); (I.P.A.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (S.M.); (V.P.); (A.I.)
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Martynov I, Schoenberger J. Impact of Perioperative Absolute Neutrophil Count on Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770698. [PMID: 34888247 PMCID: PMC8649799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is lack of evidence concerning safety of placement of tunneled central venous catheters (TCVCs) in neutropenic children with acute leukemias. Here, we evaluate the impact of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at the time of TCVC placement on development of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in children with lymphoblastic (ALL) or myeloid leukemia (AML). Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study of children undergoing TCVC placement at a tertiary referral hospital between January 2000 and December 2019 was performed. Traditional and competing-risks regression models were used to estimate the effect of perioperative ANC on development of CLABSI. Results A total of 350 children (median age 6.4 [IQR: 3.1–10.9] years) underwent 498 consecutive TCVC implantations in neutropenic (n = 172, 34.5%) and non-neutropenic conditions (n = 326, 65.5%). The median length of observation per TCVC was 217.1 (IQR: 116.1–260.5) days with a total of 99,681 catheter days (CD). There were no differences in early (within first 30 days after TCVC placement) and overall CLABSI rates between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients (HR 1.250, p = 0.502; HR 1.633, p = 0.143). We identified female sex (HR 2.640, p = 0.006) and the use of TCVC for treatment of relapsed leukemia (HR 4.347, p < 0.0001) as risk factors for early CLABSI and the use of double-lumen catheters (HR 2.607, p = 0.003) and use of TCVCs during leukemia relapse (HR 2.004, p = 0.005) for overall study period. Conclusion The placement of TCVC in children with neutropenia undergoing anticancer therapy for acute leukemia is safe and not associated with an elevated rate of CLABSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illya Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Schoenberger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Schwerin, Germany
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Ordóñez J, Del Cañizo A, Beléndez C, García-Morín M, Pérez-Egido L, Fanjul M, García-Casillas MA, Cerdá J, Peláez D, Bardón E, de Agustín JC, Cela E. Complications of Central Venous Access Devices in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia Major. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e655-e660. [PMID: 33093353 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia major present clinical characteristics that could lead to a higher incidence of central venous access devices-associated complications (CVAD-C). With the objective of analyzing the safety of the use of CVAD in these patients, a retrospective review including all pediatric patients with these pathologies who required the implantation of a CVAD between 2004 and 2019 was performed. In all, 54 patients with 100 CVAD (65 totally implantable venous access port with subcutaneous reservoir, 35 single-lumen or double-lumen partially tunneled catheter) were included. During 60,410 days at risk of suffering a CVAD-C, 55 complications (complication rate [CR]/1000 catheter-days at risk=0.91) were reported in 46 CVAD: 19 mechanicals (CR=0.32), 32 infectious (CR=0.53), and 4 thrombotic complications (CR=0.066). Incidence of mechanical and infectious complications was significantly higher in double-lumen partially tunneled catheter than in totally implantable venous access port with subcutaneous reservoir (P<0.001). Lower age at insertion was related with a higher incidence of any complication (odds ratio=0.88/y, P=0.02). Patients who required a stem cell transplantation (31 patients and 65 CVAD) had no significant higher incidences of CVAD-C. In conclusion, our study supports the safety of using CVAD in these patients, with a low incidence of infectious, thrombotic, and mechanical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Beléndez
- Unit of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina García-Morín
- Unit of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Bardón
- Unit of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Cela
- Unit of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cellini M, Bergadano A, Crocoli A, Badino C, Carraro F, Sidro L, Botta D, Pancaldi A, Rossetti F, Pitta F, Cesaro S. Guidelines of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology for the management of the central venous access devices in pediatric patients with onco-hematological disease. J Vasc Access 2020; 23:3-17. [PMID: 33169648 DOI: 10.1177/1129729820969309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central venous accesses devices (CVADs) have a fundamental importance for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in pediatric onco-hematological patients. The treatment of pediatric onco-hematological diseases is complex and requires the use of integrated multimodal therapies. Long-lasting and safe central venous access is therefore a cornerstone for any successful treatment. METHODS The aim of this work is to define pediatric guidelines about the management of CVADs in onco-hematology. A panel of experts belonging to the working groups on Infections and Supportive Therapy, Surgery and Nursing of the Italian Pediatric Hematology Oncology Association (AIEOP) revised the scientific literature systematically, scored the level of evidence and prepared these guidelines. The content of the following guidelines was approved by the Scientific Board of AIEOP. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Important innovations have been developed recently in the field of CVADs, leading to new insertion methods, new materials and new strategy in the overall management of the device, especially in the adult population. These guidelines recommend how to apply these innovations in the pediatric population, and are directed to all physicians, nurses and health personnel active in the daily management of CVADs. Their aim is to update the knowledge on CVAD and improve the standard of care in pediatric patients with malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cellini
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Anna Bergadano
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crocoli
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Badino
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Giannina Gaslini's Children Hospital, Genova, Liguria, Italy
| | - Francesca Carraro
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Luca Sidro
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, AORN Santobono Pausillipon, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Debora Botta
- Pediatric Unit Ospedale Santissima Annunziata di Savigliano, Savigliano, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Alessia Pancaldi
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossetti
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Meyer, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Pitta
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit AORN Santobono Pausillipon, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Veneto, Italy
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12
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Paterson RS, Chopra V, Brown E, Kleidon TM, Cooke M, Rickard CM, Bernstein SJ, Ullman AJ. Selection and Insertion of Vascular Access Devices in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2020; 145:S243-S268. [PMID: 32482738 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically review the evidence for the selection and insertion of pediatric vascular access devices (VADs). DATA SOURCES Data were sourced from the US National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library databases, Embase, and international clinical trial databases. STUDY SELECTION Clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, cohort designs, randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi RCTs, before-after trials, or case-control studies that reported on complications and/or risk as well as reliability of VADs in patients aged 0 to 18 years were included. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were independently reviewed to extract and summarize details on the number of patients and catheters, population, age of participants, VAD type, study method, indication, comparators, and the frequency of VAD failure or complications. RESULTS VAD selection and insertion decision-making in general hospitalized and some specialized patient populations were well evidenced. The use of single-lumen devices and ultrasound-guided techniques was also broadly supported. There was a lack of RCTs, and for neonates, cardiac patients, patients with difficult venous access, midline catheters, catheter-to-vein ratio, and near-infrared devices, the lack of evidence necessitated broadening the review scope. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the lack of formal assessment of the quality of evidence and the lack of RCTs and systematic reviews. Consequently, clinical decision-making in certain pediatric populations is not guided by strong, evidence-based recommendations. CONCLUSIONS This is the first synthesis of available evidence for the selection and insertion of VADs in pediatric patients and is important for determining the appropriateness of VADs in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Paterson
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and.,Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vineet Chopra
- Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affair Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Divisions of Hospital Medicine and.,General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Erin Brown
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and.,Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tricia M Kleidon
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and.,Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marie Cooke
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire M Rickard
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven J Bernstein
- Patient Safety Enhancement Program and Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affair Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Amanda J Ullman
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and .,Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Martynov I, Klima-Frysch J, Kluwe W, Engel C, Schoenberger J. Safety of tunneled central venous catheters in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell recipients with severe primary immunodeficiency diseases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233016. [PMID: 32413055 PMCID: PMC7228048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVCs) provide prolonged intravenous access for pediatric patients with severe primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical significance of TCVC-related morbidity in this particular patient group. We conducted the retrospective analysis of patients with severe PID who received percutaneous landmark-guided TCVC implantation prior to HSCT. We analyzed 92 consecutive TCVC implantations in 69 patients (median [interquartile range] age 3.0 [0-11] years) with severe combined immune deficiency (n = 39, 42.4%), chronic granulomatous disease (n = 17, 18.4%), and other rare PID syndromes (n = 36, 39.2%). The median length of TCVC observation was 144.1 (85.5-194.6) days with a total of 14,040 catheter days at risk (cdr). The overall rate of adverse events during catheter insertion was 17.4% (n = 16) and 25.0% during catheter dwell period (n = 23, catheter risk [CR] per 1000 cdr = 1.64). The most common complication was TCVC-related infection with an overall prevalence of 9.8% (n = 9, CR = 0.64), followed by late dislocation (n = 6, 6.5%, CR = 0.43), early dislocation (n = 4, 4.3%) and catheter dysfunction (n = 4, 4.3%, CR = 0.28). TCVCs are safe in children with severe PID undergoing HSCT with relatively low rates of TCVC-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illya Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Klima-Frysch
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kluwe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Schoenberger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Multivariate analysis on complications of central venous access devices in children with cancer and severe disease influenced by catheter tip position and vessel insertion site (A STROBE-compliant study). Surg Oncol 2020; 34:17-23. [PMID: 32103791 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reliable long-term central venous access device (CVAD) is essential for the management of pediatric patients with cancer or chronic diseases. However, there is no general consensus for optimal catheter tip location and vessel insertion site in children. OBJECTIVE This single center study analyzes the risk of complications associated with long-term upper body CVAD and evaluates them with respect to catheter tip location as well as vessel insertion site. DESIGN Pediatric patients who received long-term upper body CVAD from January 2008 through April 2017 and underwent radiographic documentation of the tip location were retrospectively included in the study. Data on demographics, catheter tip location on chest x-ray, intraoperative vessel insertion sites and postoperative complications were analyzed. Catheter tip location was categorized as "high" (above the right mainstem bronchus), "medium" (at the level of the bronchus), and "low" (below the right mainstem bronchus). Distance to the carina was measured as well. RESULTS A total of 396 patients, 74.7% suffering from cancer were included in our study (mean age 6.3 ± 0.3 years). Complications occurred in about one fourth of all patients. Catheter-related blood stream infections (BSI) (n = 40, 36.4%) were most prevalent, but catheter tip position or vessel insertion site had no impact on the risk of infections. Dislodgement (n = 27, 24.6%) and occlusion (n = 11, 10.0%) were more frequent in "high" positioned catheter tips. While there was one patient who developed arrhythmia, no case of cardiac perforation, and in particular, no catheter-related death was recorded in our series. The vessel insertion site seemed to have no influence on the complication frequency of CAVDs. CONCLUSION The catheter tip position seems to have an impact on the catheter-related complication profile in children. To avoid complications, we recommend avoiding a "high" localization of the catheter tip above the right main bronchus. "Low" catheter tip placement was associated with the lowest dislocation rate. Given the overall low complication rate, insertion and use of CVADs in children can generally be considered as safe.
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15
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Paioni P, Kuhn S, Strässle Y, Seifert B, Berger C. Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infections in children with tunneled central venous catheters. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:33-39. [PMID: 31395289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most common complications of central venous catheters (CVCs). The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of CLABSIs in tunneled CVCs and analyze their risk factors in a general pediatric population. METHODS Children with a tunneled CVC inserted at the University Children's Hospital Zürich between January 2009 and December 2015 were eligible for the study. The influence of CVC dwell time on the risk of CLABSI was examined using life tables. Hazard ratios (HRs) for CLABSIs were analyzed using Cox regression for age and diagnosis with cluster robust standard errors. RESULTS Fifty-five CLABSIs were observed in 193 patients with 284 tunneled CVCs. Overall, CVCs in children with gastrointestinal disorders and in children 2 to 5 years of age showed the highest incidence rates of 6.06 and 5.85 CLABSIs per 1,000 catheter days, respectively, during the first 90 days after placement. Gastrointestinal disease (HR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.19-6.90; P < .001) and age 2 to 5 years (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.45-4.22; P = .001) were identified as independent risk factors for CLABSI. In children without gastrointestinal disease, tunneled CVCs showed an increasing risk of CLABSI after a dwell time of 90 days. CONCLUSIONS The need for tunneled CVCs requires the evaluation of targeted CLABSI prevention measures, especially in young children with underlying gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Paioni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sereina Kuhn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Strässle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics at Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Surveillance of home health central venous catheter care outcomes: Challenges and future directions. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:1382-1387. [PMID: 31676067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding central venous catheter (CVC)-related complications that occur in home care. A practical out-of-hospital surveillance mechanism is needed. METHODS Home health/infusion agencies in 4 states submitted monthly data from January 2011 through March 2015. Data were collected by patient age and included number of patients on service with a CVC, device days, central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), CVC-occlusions, doses of fibrinolytics administered, and number of patients receiving fibrinolytics. RESULTS Ten agencies from 4 states contributed data across the study period. A total of 913 occlusions and 73 CLABSIs occurred during the 51-month surveillance period. The CLABSI rates per 1,000 device days per year across the study surveillance period ranged from 0-0.40 for pediatric and from 0-0.37 for adult patients, whereas occlusion rates per 1,000 device days ranged from 0.26-1.59 for pediatric and from 2.59-33.29 for adult patients. Doses of fibrinolytic agents administered per 1,000 device days ranged from 0.26-1.80 in pediatric and 3.53-33.85 in adult patients. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities exist to further expand efforts to quantify the presence of CVCs in home settings to enable improvements with measuring and tracking patient outcomes as they relate to CVC care. Exploration of continued sustainability of surveillance and data validation are warranted to optimize home health/infusion care practices and outcomes.
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17
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van den Bosch CH, van der Bruggen JT, Frakking FNJ, Terwisscha van Scheltinga CEJ, van de Ven CP, van Grotel M, Wellens LM, Loeffen YGT, Fiocco M, Wijnen MHWA. Incidence, severity and outcome of central line related complications in pediatric oncology patients; A single center study. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1894-1900. [PMID: 30415957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venous access device (CVAD)-related complications are associated with high morbidity rates. This study was performed to underline the importance of CVAD-complication prevention and treatment. METHODS An audit of practice of CVAD-related complications in pediatric oncology patients receiving a CVAD between January 2015 and June 2017 was performed. CVADs included were totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs), Hickman-Broviac® (HB), nontunneled, and peripherally inserted CVADs. RESULTS A total of 201 children, with 307 CVADs, were analyzed. The incidence rates per 1000 CVAD-days for the most common complications were 1.66 for malfunctions, and 1.51 for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Of all CVADs inserted, 37.1% were removed owing to complications, of which 45.6% were owing to CLABSIs. In 42% of the CLABSIs, the CLABSI could be successfully cured with systemic antibiotic treatment only. Of all included patients, 5.0% were admitted to the intensive care unit owing to CLABSI. The HB-CVAD compared to the TIVAP was a risk factor for CVAD-related complications, CLABSIs and dislocations in particular. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of CVAD-related complications is high. Research on the prevention and treatment of CVAD-related complications in pediatric oncology patients should be a high priority for all health care professionals. TYPE OF STUDY Prognosis study (retrospective). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceder H van den Bosch
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Tjomme van der Bruggen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Florine N J Frakking
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Cornelis P van de Ven
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martine van Grotel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne M Wellens
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvette G T Loeffen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Medical Statistics, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Mathematical Institute, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333, CA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University, Rapenburg 70, 2311, EZ, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333, ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc H W A Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Patients are increasingly receiving therapy at home via central vascular access devices (CVADs). Limited data exist regarding patients' experiences with outpatient CVADs. This study characterized outpatient CVAD care via 14-day patient diaries. Information included location, frequency, and purpose of CVAD access episodes and who performed CVAD care. Across all patients, 77% of care was provided in the patient's home compared with other sites. Home care was provided via self-care (48%), by a family member/caregiver (25%), or by a nurse (27%). Flushing the device was the most frequent reason for device access (52%). An occlusion rate of 9.57 per 1000 device days was also noted. Further examination of CVAD maintenance and patient/care provider education is warranted.
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Özalp Gerçeker G, Yardımcı F, Aydınok Y. Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Children With Hematologic and Oncologic Diseases: First Prevalence Results From a University Hospital. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2019; 36:327-336. [PMID: 31027430 DOI: 10.1177/1043454219844226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematology-oncology patients in many countries. This cross-sectional study was a retrospective review of CLABSI in inpatient pediatric hematology-oncology cases with long-term central venous catheter at the Pediatric Hematology Department from January 2013 to June 2014. Characteristics of CLABSI events in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies and related nonmalignant hematologic conditions are documented. CLABSI developed in 61.8% (n = 21) of the 34 hospitalized patients included in the study. The CLABSI rate was 7.8 per 1,000 inpatient central venous catheter days. Coagulase-negative staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in 47.6% of the patients with CLABSI. The high rate of CLABSI requires prevention strategies to reduce CLABSI immediately. This study provides guidance in prioritizing strategies for reducing rates of infection.
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Sibson KR, Biss TT, Furness CL, Grainger JD, Hough RE, Macartney C, Payne JH, Chalmers EA. BSH Guideline: management of thrombotic and haemostatic issues in paediatric malignancy. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:511-525. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Sibson
- Department of Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Tina T. Biss
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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Procalcitonin level as a surrogate for catheter-related blood stream infection among hemodialysis patients. J Vasc Access 2017; 18:498-502. [PMID: 28777420 DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a frequent complication among hemodialysis patients who usually are presented with nonspecific signs such as fever, rigors, and hypotension. Blood culture will take up to 5 days and antimicrobials will be started. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a valid marker in sepsis. Our goal in this study is to evaluate its usefulness as a diagnostic marker in detecting CRBSI among hemodialysis patients who present with suspected CRBSI. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-one hemodialysis patients with suspected CRBSI were enrolled in this study. PCT level was measured at the time of presentation. Patients were divided into two groups according to blood culture results: positive and negative groups. PCT level and other markers for inflammation: white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis of variables was performed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney test together with Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Thirty-one patients had median age 44.7 ± 2.1 years. They comprised 16 males (52%) and 15 females (48%). Sixteen patients had a positive blood culture result while in 15 it was negative. PCT level was significantly higher in the positive blood culture group (40.0 ± -21.9) (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.4-51.8) while its level was 1.1 ± 1 (95% CI 0.54-1.8) in the negative blood culture group [t(15) = -7, p<0.001). In the positive culture group, there was a correlation between CRP and ferritin (r = -0.58, p = 0.01, n = 16), while no correlation between PCT and other markers of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS PCT is a useful marker for diagnosis of CRBSI among hemodialysis patients.
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Linden AF, Corvin C, Garg K, Ricketts RR, Chahine AA. Indications and outcomes for tunneled central venous line placement via the axillary vein in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:1001-1005. [PMID: 28656388 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the indications, safety and outcomes of tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) placed via a cutdown approach into the axillary vein in children, an approach not well described in this population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed on pediatric patients who received CVCs via open cannulation of the axillary vein or one of its tributaries between January 2006 and October 2016 at two hospitals. RESULTS A total of 24 axillary CVCs were placed in 20 patients [10 male (42%); mean weight 7.0 kg (SD 2.9); mean age 10 months (SD 6)]. The most common indications for axillary vein access included neck or chest wall challenges (tracheostomies or chest wall wounds) (n = 18). The median duration of line placement was 140 days (IQR 146). The most common indications for removal were completion of therapy (n = 7, 39%) and infection (n = 5, 28%). There were no early complications. Long-term complications included infection (n = 5) or catheter malfunction (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Tunneled CVC placement via a cutdown approach into the axillary vein or its tributary can be an effective alternative approach to obtain long-term vascular access in children. Outcomes may be comparable to lines placed in traditional internal jugular and subclavian vein locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison F Linden
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, 5839 South Maryland Avenue, Rm. A-426, MC4062, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Chase Corvin
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Keva Garg
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Richard R Ricketts
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1405 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - A Alfred Chahine
- Department of Surgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
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23
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[Avoidance of complications when dealing with central venous catheters in the treatment of children]. Anaesthesist 2017; 66:265-273. [PMID: 28175940 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are an important tool in the treatment of children. The insertion of a catheter may result in different complications depending of the type of catheter, the technique used for the insertion and the location. There are various techniques to reduce the risk of complications. In order to reduce the rate of complications of CVCs it is indispensable to perform a risk-benefit analysis for the individual patient before every insertion. The type of catheter used (for example tunneled catheters versus not-tunneled catheters) influences the rate of catheter-associated infections and the comfort of the patient significantly. The choice of the location is influenced by the expected indwelling time, the weight of the patient and the purpose of the CVC. Insertion via the vena jugularis interna is often chosen because of the reduced rate of complications during insertion. When the planned indwelling time of the catheter is longer or the child is fairly small the vena subclavia appears to be more appropriate. It is of utmost importance that the patient is positioned properly before insertion. Whenever possible the insertion should be performed with the help of ultrasound. The positioning of the catheter should be verified radiographically, possibly sonographically or with an ECG in order to avoid misplacement with potentially severe sequelae. The locally established hygienic guidelines should be strictly adhered to and everyone handling CVCs (doctors, nurses and patients) should have regular training.
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24
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Avanzini S, Mameli L, Disma N, Zanaboni C, Dato A, Montobbio G, Montagnini L, Bevilacqua M, Pierri F, Conte M, Amoroso L, Pala G, Pestarino S, Castagnola E, Molinari AC, Micalizzi C, Morreale G, Mattioli G, Pini Prato A. Brachiocephalic vein for percutaneous ultrasound-guided central line positioning in children: A 20-month preliminary experience with 109 procedures. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:330-335. [PMID: 27578550 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided (USG) cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is gaining worldwide consensus for central venous access in children. This study reports a 20-month experience with this approach in children. METHODS All patients who underwent percutaneous USG central venous catheter (CVC) positioning in the BCV between August 2013 and March 2015 have been included. Devices inserted during this period were open-ended, either single or double-lumen tunneled CVC. Our series was divided into three consecutive study periods in order to determine the relative incidence of repositioning and complications. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 95 patients underwent 109 CVC insertions in the BCV. The median length of CVC duration was 230 days for a total of 23,212 catheter days. No major intraoperative complications occurred. Overall rate of CVC-related postoperative complications requiring repositioning or precocious removal was 0.90 per 1,000 catheter days and involved 21 CVC (19%, 95% confidence interval 13-28). These included 18 dislodgments, two infections, and one malfunction. Double-lumen CVCs represented the only significant risk factor for complications (52% complications-three per 1,000 catheter days). CONCLUSION USG supraclavicular cannulation of the BCV represents a safe approach for central line placement in children. It proved to be versatile, as it can be used in premature infants as well as in adolescents. Provided it is adopted by operators experienced in USG cannulation, we strongly suggest to resort to this approach as a first-line choice in children undergoing tunnelled central line placement for long-lasting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanna Pala
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Girolamo Mattioli
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.,DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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İŞGÜDER R, DEVRİM İ, CEYLAN G, KARA A, GÜLFİDAN G, AĞIN H. Risk factors for recurrent central line-associated bloodstream infections in apediatric intensive care unit. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1128-1136. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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26
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A community collaborative to develop consensus guidelines to standardize out-of-hospital maintenance care of central venous catheters. JOURNAL OF INFUSION NURSING 2016; 38:115-21. [PMID: 25723833 DOI: 10.1097/nan.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheter (CVC) maintenance is integral to preventing complications and improving outcomes. This process is made more challenging when patients transition from hospital to home care or to an outpatient infusion setting, because different CVC maintenance practices and care parameters confuse patients and care providers alike. Through collaboration and consensus building, a group of metropolitan home health and home infusion agencies developed a standardized approach to CVC maintenance care. This article discusses the multiagency collaborative and resulting guideline and other educational materials that better enable providers, patients, and families to maintain CVC integrity and achieve optimal outcomes.
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27
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Venturini E, Montagnani C, Benni A, Becciani S, Biermann KP, De Masi S, Chiappini E, de Martino M, Galli L. Central-line associated bloodstream infections in a tertiary care children's University hospital: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:725. [PMID: 27903240 PMCID: PMC5131534 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are the most common healthcare-associated infections in childhood. Despite the international data available on healthcare-associated infections in selected groups of patients, there is a lack of large and good quality studies. The present survey is the first prospective study monitoring for 6 months the occurrence of central-line associated bloodstream infections in all departments of an Italian tertiary care children’s university hospital. Methods The study involved all children aged less than 18 years admitted to Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy who had a central line access between the October 15th, 2014 and the April 14th, 2015. CLABSI were defined according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. CLABSI incidence rates with 95% confidence limits were calculated and stratified for the study variables. For each factor the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results CLABSI rate was 3.73/1000 (95% CI: 2.54–5.28) central line-days. A higher CLABSI incidence was seen with female gender (p = 0.045) and underlying medical conditions (excepting prematurity, surgical diseases and malignancy) (p = 0.06). In our study 5 infections, were caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms and in one case by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions Our study confirms the spreading of multi-resistant pathogens as causes of healthcare associated infections in children. An increased incidence rate of CLABSI in our study was related to underlying medical conditions. Pediatric studies focusing on healthcare infections in this type of patients should be done in order to deepen our understanding on associated risk factors and possible intervention areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Venturini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Montagnani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Benni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Becciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Klaus Peter Biermann
- Meyer Children's Hospital Healthcare Associated Infection Control Committee, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Masi
- Meyer Children's Hospital Healthcare Associated Infection Control Committee, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Chiappini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy. .,Meyer Children's Hospital Healthcare Associated Infection Control Committee, Florence, Italy. .,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Meyer Children's University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although management algorithms for fever and central venous catheters (CVCs) have been implemented for pediatric oncology (PO) patients, management of pediatric outpatients with noncancer diagnoses and CVCs lacks clear protocols. The aim of the study was to assess outcomes for pediatric outpatients with gastrointestinal disorders presenting with fever and CVC. METHODS Using a microbiology database and emergency department records, we created a database of pediatric gastroenterology (PGI) and PO outpatients with fever and a CVC who presented to our emergency department or clinics from January 2010 through December 2012. We excluded patients who had severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count, <500/mm). We performed chart reviews to assess demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS A total of 334 episodes in 144 patients were evaluated. Fifty-three percent (95% confidence interval, 38%-68%) of PGI patients had a bloodstream infection, whereas only 9% (95% confidence interval, 5%-14%) of PO patients had a bloodstream infection (P < 0.001). Among patients with a bloodstream infection, the PGI patients were more likely than the PO patients to have polymicrobial infections (46% vs 15%), gram-negative infections (57% vs 27%), and/or infection with enteric organisms (61% vs 23%). The PGI patients had higher rates of CVC removal (19% vs 4%) but no statistical difference in intensive care unit needs (11% vs 4%). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric gastroenterology outpatients with fever and a CVC have a high prevalence of bloodstream infection. Algorithms for management need to be subspecialty specific. Pediatric gastroenterology patients presenting to emergency departments or clinics with fever and CVC require admission for monitoring and management.
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Cousin VL, Wildhaber BE, Verolet CM, Belli DC, Posfay-Barbe KM, McLin VA. Complications of indwelling central venous catheters in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:798-806. [PMID: 27346183 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In pLT recipients, the advantages of ICVCs need to be weighed against the risk of complications. This single-center retrospective study aimed to review ICVC complications in our cohort of pLT recipients. We performed chart reviews of pLT patients having undergone transplant between 01/2000 and 03/2014 and who underwent ICVC placement either before or after LT. We identified 100 ICVC in 85 patients. Overall observation time was 90 470 catheter-days. There was no difference in catheter lifespan between those inserted pre- or post-transplant; 46% of ICVC presented a complication. Most frequent complications were MD and infection. The infection rate was 0.09 per 1000 catheter-days, and MD rate was 0.36 per 1000 catheter-days. Patients having received technical variant grafts were more at risk of complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining ICVC complications in pLT recipients. We conclude that ICVC have a high rate of MD. Children receiving technical variants may be more at risk of complications. By removing ICVC in a select number of patients at six months post-insertion, we might avoid as much as 60% of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Cousin
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara E Wildhaber
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominique C Belli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Valérie A McLin
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cesaro S, Cavaliere M, Pegoraro A, Gamba P, Zadra N, Tridello G. A comprehensive approach to the prevention of central venous catheter complications: results of 10-year prospective surveillance in pediatric hematology-oncology patients. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:817-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ullman AJ, Marsh N, Mihala G, Cooke M, Rickard CM. Complications of Central Venous Access Devices: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2015; 136:e1331-44. [PMID: 26459655 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The failure and complications of central venous access devices (CVADs) result in interrupted medical treatment, morbidity, and mortality for the patient. The resulting insertion of a new CVAD further contributes to risk and consumes extra resources. OBJECTIVE To systematically review existing evidence of the incidence of CVAD failure and complications across CVAD types within pediatrics. DATA SOURCES Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health databases were systematically searched up to January 2015. STUDY SELECTION Included studies were of cohort design and examined the incidence of CVAD failure and complications across CVAD type in pediatrics within the last 10 years. CVAD failure was defined as CVAD loss of function before the completion of necessary treatment, and complications were defined as CVAD-associated bloodstream infection, CVAD local infection, dislodgement, occlusion, thrombosis, and breakage. DATA EXTRACTION Data were independently extracted and critiqued for quality by 2 authors. RESULTS Seventy-four cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, with mixed quality of reporting and methods. Overall, 25% of CVADs failed before completion of therapy (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.9%-29.2%) at a rate of 1.97 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI 1.71-2.23). The failure per CVAD device was highest proportionally in hemodialysis catheters (46.4% [95% CI 29.6%-63.6%]) and per 1000 catheter days in umbilical catheters (28.6 per 1000 catheter days [95% CI 17.4-39.8]). Totally implanted devices had the lowest rate of failure per 1000 catheter days (0.15 [95% CI 0.09-0.20]). LIMITATIONS The inclusion of nonrandomized and noncomparator studies may have affected the robustness of the research. CONCLUSIONS CVAD failure and complications in pediatrics are a significant burden on the health care system internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Ullman
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, and National Health and Medical Research Council, Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, and Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, and
| | - Nicole Marsh
- National Health and Medical Research Council, Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, and Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, and Centre for Clinical Nursing, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabor Mihala
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Marie Cooke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, and National Health and Medical Research Council, Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, and Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, and
| | - Claire M Rickard
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, and National Health and Medical Research Council, Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, and Centre for Health Practice Innovation, Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research Group, and
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Fainting Starting Parenteral Nutrition. Pediatr Emerg Care 2015; 31:648. [PMID: 25853719 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Complications such as mechanical accidents, infections, and thrombosis are commonly described in the presence of a central venous catheter. We present a case of a boy who had fainting episodes due to dislocation of a central venous catheter.
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Smitherman AB, Alexander T, Connelly M, Snavely AC, Weston BW, Liles EA, Steiner MJ. The incidence of catheter-associated venous thrombosis in noncritically ill children. Hosp Pediatr 2015; 5:59-66. [PMID: 25646197 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies estimated the incidence of catheter-associated venous thrombosis to be between 2% and 81%. Our goals were to define the incidence rate of catheter-related thrombosis in a hospitalized, noncritically ill, pediatric population and to determine modifiable factors that alter the risk of thrombosis. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed at the North Carolina Children's Hospital from 2009 to 2012. Chart review was performed with extraction of patient characteristics and line-related variables. Presence of symptomatic catheter-associated venous thrombosis was the primary outcome. Bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore associations between line-related variables and thrombosis. RESULTS A total of 1135 lines were placed in 815 patients for 118,023 catheter-days. Thirty-six were complicated by venous thrombosis (3.2%) yielding a rate of 0.3 events per 1000 catheter-days. In multivariable analysis, increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.13; P=.002), renal dialysis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.09-9.66; P=.035), and a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or short bowel syndrome (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.0; P=.02) were associated with increased risk of thrombosis. Modifiable risk factors, such as line site, size, and lumens, were not significantly associated with thrombosis. No thromboembolic events were observed. CONCLUSIONS We observed a lower incidence rate of catheter-associated venous thrombosis than in most previous reports. No modifiable characteristics altered the risk of thrombosis. Additional investigation of measures to prevent thrombosis is warranted in higher-risk populations, such as patients undergoing dialysis or patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Smitherman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, North Carolina Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Thomas Alexander
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mark Connelly
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Anna C Snavely
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, North Carolina Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brent W Weston
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, North Carolina Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and UNC Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edmund A Liles
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Steiner
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
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Recommendations for the use of long-term central venous catheter (CVC) in children with hemato-oncological disorders: management of CVC-related occlusion and CVC-related thrombosis. On behalf of the coagulation defects working group and the supportive therapy working group of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP). Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1765-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mirabel-Chambaud E, N'Guyen M, Valdeyron ML, Quessada T, Goudable J, Loras-Duclaux I, Marotte S, Heissat S, Restier L, Lachaux A, Peretti N. Dramatic increase of central venous catheter-related infections associated with a high turnover of the nursing team. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:446-452. [PMID: 25886708 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This retrospective study evaluated the impact of new organization during the moving to a new university pediatric hospital on the incidence of central catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) among children on long-term parenteral nutrition. METHODS The study ran from April 2007 to March 2014, starting a year prior to reorganisation of the department of pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition associated to moving the children to a new hospital in April 2008, and continuing for 6 years following the move. During this time, data from all children hospitalized in this department who received parenteral nutrition (PN) for more than 15 days were analysed. RESULTS During this 7-years study, 183 children aged 4.6 ± 0.5 years received prolonged PN. Intestinal diseases were the main aetiologies (89%), primarily short bowel syndrome (18.4%), Hirschsprung disease and CIPO (13.5%) and inflammatory bowel disease (13.8%). The mean durations of hospitalization and of PN during hospitalization were, respectively, 70 ± 2.1 and 55.7 ± 3.6 days. During the study period, 151 CRBSIs occurred in 77 children (42% of all patients), i.e. 14.8 septic episodes/1000 PN days and 12.0 septic episodes/1000 CVC days. No patient died of a central venous catheter-related infection. However, following the move from the older hospital to the newer one, the rate of CRBSIs significantly doubled, from 3.9/1000 to 8.8/1000 CVC days (p = 0.02). During the following 4 years, the incidence of CRBSIs tended to increase between the 2nd and the 5th year after the move: 11.3 (p = NS); 21.4 (p = 0.01); 17.3 (p = NS), 20.3/1000 (p = NS) CVC days. We also observed that after evaluations by the Department of Infection Control, nurse training and stabilization of the nursing team, the incidence decreased significantly from 20.3 to 11.1/1000 CVC days during the 6th year after the move (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the deleterious impact of the reorganization during the hospital moving on the CRBSI incidence rate, and the possible implication of inexperienced team of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléa Mirabel-Chambaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de pharmacie université Lyon1, Lyon, F-69008, France.
| | - Michael N'Guyen
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de pharmacie université Lyon1, Lyon, F-69008, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Valdeyron
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Infection Control, Groupement Est, Bron, F-69677, France. marie.laure.@chu-lyon.fr
| | - Thierry Quessada
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de pharmacie université Lyon1, Lyon, F-69008, France.
| | - Joelle Goudable
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de pharmacie université Lyon1, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, F-69003, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon, F-69008, France.
| | - Irene Loras-Duclaux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France.
| | - Stephanie Marotte
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France.
| | - Sophie Heissat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France.
| | - Lioara Restier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France.
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, F-69003, Lyon, France.
| | - Noel Peretti
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant de Lyon, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Bron, F-69677, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, F-69003, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon, F-69008, France.
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Yacobovich J, Ben-Ami T, Abdalla T, Tamary H, Goldstein G, Weintraub M, Yaniv I, Toren A, Kenet G, Revel-Vilk S. Patient and central venous catheter related risk factors for blood stream infections in children receiving chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:471-6. [PMID: 25327811 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) has greatly improved the quality of care in children receiving chemotherapy, yet these catheters may cause serious infectious complications. The aim of this prospective registry study was to assess the host and CVC-related risk factors for blood stream infections (BSIs). PROCEDURE Patients undergoing CVC insertion for chemotherapy were followed prospectively for CVC complications. At the time of enrollment demographic-, clinical- and CVC-related data were collected. Survival and Cox-regression analysis were performed. RESULTS A total of 423 CVCs were inserted into 262 patients for a total of 76,540 catheter-days. The incidence of BSIs was 1.95 per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI 1.66-2.29). Myeloid leukemia and younger age were associated with higher risk for BSI. At least one BSI occurred in 187 CVCs with an incidence of 2.84 per 1,000 catheter-days (95% CI 2.47-3.24). Externalized CVCs, that is, tunneled externalized catheters and peripheral inserted central catheters, were associated with higher risk for BSI in the group of diseases with relatively lower rate of infection. However, in diseases with high rate of infection no such association was found. The type of BSI was associated with the diagnosis and the CVC type. CVC occlusion was associated with higher risk for recurrent BSI and for coagulase negative staph BSI. CONCLUSIONS Both patient and CVC-related factors are associated with higher risk of BSI in children receiving chemotherapy. The results of this study could be used in developing studies aiming to reduce the rate of BSIs in children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Yacobovich
- Hematology/Oncology Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Central venous access devices in pediatric malignancies: a position paper of Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. J Vasc Access 2014; 16:130-6. [PMID: 25362978 DOI: 10.5301/jva.5000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of pediatric malignancies is becoming progressively more complex, implying the adoption of multimodal therapies. A reliable, long-lasting venous access represents one of the critical requirements for the success of those treatments. Recent technical innovations-such as minimally invasive procedures for placement, new devices and novel materials-have rapidly spread for clinical use in adult patients, but are still not consistently used in the pediatric population. METHODS The Supportive Therapy Working Group of Italian Association of Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP) reviewed medical literature focusing on new aspects of central venous access devices (VADs) in pediatric patients affected by oncohematological diseases. RESULTS Appropriate recommendations for clinical use in these patients have been discussed and formulated. CONCLUSIONS The importance of the correct choice, management and use of VADs in pediatric oncohematological patients is a necessary prerequisite for an adequate standard of care, also considering the increased chances of cure and the longer life expectancy of those patients with modern therapies.
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Calton EA, Le Doaré K, Appleby G, Chisholm JC, Sharland M, Ladhani SN. Invasive bacterial and fungal infections in paediatric patients with cancer: incidence, risk factors, aetiology and outcomes in a UK regional cohort 2009-2011. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1239-45. [PMID: 24615980 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the second most common cause of childhood deaths in the United Kingdom and infection contributes to a quarter of all cancer-related deaths. This study aimed to estimate the risk, aetiology and outcome of bloodstream bacterial and fungal infections in children with cancer within a geographically defined region in South-West London over a 3-year period. METHODS Web-based questionnaires were completed using case records of children with positive blood cultures admitted to five London hospitals during 2009-2011. RESULTS A total of 112 children with a median age of 5.4 (IQR 3.6-11.2) years had 266 significant blood cultures during 149 infection episodes. Haematological malignancy affected 68 patients (60.7%) and solid tumours 44 (39.3%). The overall bloodstream infection rate was 1.5 episodes per 1,000 days-at-risk (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) and was similar for those with haematological malignancies and solid tumours. Most episodes were attributed to central venous catheter infection (120/149, 80.5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in almost half the bloodstream infections (127/266; 47.7%), while Gram-negative organisms accounted for a further quarter (64/266; 24.1%). Fungal isolates from blood were uncommon (8/112 children, 7.1%) but significantly associated with neutropenia (18/149 [12.1%] vs. 1/114 [0.9%], P = 0.0004). Six children (5.4%) died, including three (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.6-7.6%) whose deaths were infection-related. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an updated risk estimate for bloodstream infections in children with cancer and adds to the framework for developing evidence-based guidance for management of suspected infections in this highly vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Calton
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Group, St. George's University of London, London, UK
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Identifying and reducing early complications of surgical central lines in infants and toddlers. J Surg Res 2014; 190:246-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Koike Y, Uchida K, Inoue M, Ide S, Hashimoto K, Matsushita K, Otake K, Ohkita Y, Araki T, Kobayashi M, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Infantile Crohn's disease is one of the risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection. Pediatr Int 2014; 56:364-8. [PMID: 24517844 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venous catheterization is recognized as a lifeline that is important for chemotherapy or nutritional support in pediatric patients with malignant disease and intestinal failure. This study analyzed the risk of infection with Broviac line use among these patients at a single Japanese center. METHODS Two hundred and four Broviac lines were inserted in patients in the pediatric ward from January 2003 to October 2011. We analyzed the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) using clinical characteristics including underlying disease, sepsis history, inserted situation, drug use, and laboratory data at the time of Broviac insertion or before CR-BSI. RESULTS During the study period, data from a total of 15 lines were excluded because of missing blood culture data. In the remaining 189 Broviac lines, 52 lines developed CR-BSI. On univariate analysis, leukemia, infantile Crohn's disease, sepsis history before Broviac insertion, existence of a stoma opening, and immunosuppressant use before CR-BSI were risk factors for CR-BSI. On multivariate logistic regression analysis infantile Crohn's disease, sepsis history before Broviac insertion, and immunosuppressant use before CR-BSI were independently associated with CR-BSI (P = 0.015, P = 0.045, and P = 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Infantile Crohn's disease carries a high risk for CR-BSI because of its pathological condition, the therapeutic drugs required, and surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Children. JOURNAL OF INFUSION NURSING 2014; 37:103-7. [DOI: 10.1097/nan.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Incidence and risk factors for central venous catheter-related thrombosis in hematological patients. Med Oncol 2013; 31:772. [PMID: 24293091 PMCID: PMC3884132 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a serious complication in hematological patients, but the risk factors for its occurrence are not well established. The study objectives were to estimate the incidence of CRT and to identify the risk factors for developing CRT in hematological patients. In a prospective setting, 104 consecutive patients with 200 insertions of central venous catheters were enrolled into the study. The patients were screened for CRT by compression Doppler ultrasound every 10–14 days. Additionally, ultrasonography was performed in the case of clinical symptoms suggesting CRT. Over the course of 6,098 catheter days of follow-up, the incidence of CRT was 13.5 %. In 18/27 cases (66.6 %), radiological evidence of CRT was preceded by clinical symptoms. However, in 9/27 (33.3 %), CRT was clinically asymptomatic. The median times to symptomatic and asymptomatic CRT were 17 (range 1–49) and 8 (range 1–16) catheter days, respectively. In univariate analysis, the risk factors for CRT were exit-site infection (ESI) (P < 0.001), two or more prior chemotherapy lines (P = 0.015), catheter-related blood stream infection (P < 0.001), and Coagulase-negative staphylococci infection (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, ESI (OR 5.0; 95 % CI 1.6–6.3; P = 0.006) and two or more prior chemotherapy lines (OR 3.57; 95 % CI 1.27–10.11; P = 0.015) remained significantly associated with the risk of CRT. The results of our study provide information regarding the characteristic features of the patients who are at high risk of thrombosis, for whom Doppler ultrasound screening should be considered.
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Napalkov P, Felici DM, Chu LK, Jacobs JR, Begelman SM. Incidence of catheter-related complications in patients with central venous or hemodialysis catheters: a health care claims database analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:86. [PMID: 24131509 PMCID: PMC4015481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central venous catheter (CVC) and hemodialysis (HD) catheter usage are associated with complications that occur during catheter insertion, dwell period, and removal. This study aims to identify and describe the incidence rates of catheter-related complications in a large patient population in a United States-based health care claims database after CVC or HD catheter placement. Methods Patients in the i3 InVision DataMart® health care claims database with at least 1 CVC or HD catheter insertion claim were categorized into CVC or HD cohorts using diagnostic and procedural codes from the US Renal Data System, American College of Surgeons, and American Medical Association’s Physician Performance Measures. Catheter-related complications were identified using published diagnostic and procedural codes. Incidence rates (IRs)/1000 catheter-days were calculated for complications including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), thrombosis, embolism, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), major bleeding (MB), and mechanical catheter–related complications (MCRCs). Results Thirty percent of the CVC cohort and 54% of the HD cohort had catheter placements lasting <90 days. Catheter-related complications occurred most often during the first 90 days of catheter placement. IRs were highest for CRBSIs in both cohorts (4.0 [95% CI, 3.7-4.3] and 5.1 [95% CI, 4.7-5.6], respectively). Other IRs in CVC and HD cohorts, respectively, were thrombosis, 1.3 and 0.8; MCRCs, 0.6 and 0.7; embolism, 0.4 and 0.5; MB, 0.1 and 0.3; and ICH, 0.1 in both cohorts. Patients with cancer at baseline had significantly higher IRs for CRBSIs and thrombosis than non-cancer patients. CVC or HD catheter–related complications were most frequently seen in patients 16 years or younger. Conclusions The risk of catheter-related complications is highest during the first 90 days of catheter placement in patients with CVCs and HD catheters and in younger patients (≤16 years of age) with HD catheters. Data provided in this study can be applied toward improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Napalkov
- Genentech, Inc,, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Trombosis y obstrucción asociadas a vías venosas centrales. Incidencia y factores de riesgo. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 79:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Janum S, Zingg W, Classen V, Afshari A. Bench-to-bedside review: Challenges of diagnosis, care and prevention of central catheter-related bloodstream infections in children. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:238. [PMID: 24041298 PMCID: PMC4057411 DOI: 10.1186/cc12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are indispensable in modern pediatric medicine. CVCs provide secure vascular access, but are associated with a risk of severe complications, in particular bloodstream infection. We provide a review of the recent literature about the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in children and its prevention. Variations in blood sampling and limitations in blood culturing interfere with accurate and timely diagnosis of CRBSI. Although novel molecular testing methods appear promising in overcoming some of the present diagnostic limitations of conventional blood sampling in children, they still need to solidly prove their accuracy and reliability in clinical practice. Standardized practices of catheter insertion and care remain the cornerstone of CRBSI prevention although their implementation in daily practice may be difficult. Technology such as CVC impregnation or catheter locking with antimicrobial substances has been shown less effective than anticipated. Despite encouraging results in CRBSI prevention among adults, the goal of zero infection in children is still not in range. More high-quality research is needed in the field of prevention, accurate and reliable diagnostic measures and effective treatment of CRBSI in children.
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Guidelines for the use of long-term central venous catheter in children with hemato-oncological disorders. On behalf of supportive therapy working group of Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP). Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Celebi S, Sezgin ME, Cakır D, Baytan B, Demirkaya M, Sevinir B, Bozdemir SE, Gunes AM, Hacimustafaoglu M. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013; 30:187-94. [PMID: 23458064 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2013.772683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CABSIs) are common complications encountered with cancer treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the factors associated with recurrent infection and catheter removal in pediatric hematology-oncology patients. All cases of CABSIs in patients attending the Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology between January 2008 and December 2010 were reviewed. A total of 44 episodes of CABSIs, including multiple episodes involving the same catheter, were identified in 31 children with cancer. The overall CABSIs rate was 7.4 infections per 1000 central venous catheter (CVC) days. The most frequent organism isolated was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS). The CVC was removed in nine (20.4%) episodes. We found that hypotension, persistent bacteremia, Candida infection, exit-side infection, neutropenia, and prolonged duration of neutropenia were the factors for catheter removal. There were 23 (52.2%) episodes of recurrence or reinfection. Mortality rate was found to be 9.6% in children with CABSIs. In this study, we found that CABSIs rate was 7.4 infections per 1000 catheter-days. CABSIs rates in our hematology-oncology patients are comparable to prior reports. Because CONS is the most common isolated microorganism in CABSIs, vancomycin can be considered part of the initial empirical regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Celebi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey.
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Chan CC, Lee V, Chu W, Tam YH, Li CK, Shing MMK. Carotid jugular arteriovenous fistula: an unusual complication of internal jugular vein catheterization in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:1302-4. [PMID: 22415906 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheterization is essential in the management of patients requiring long-term intravenous access. Various risks during central line insertion have been described in the medical literature, including the potentially life-threatening complication of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We describe a novel case of carotid jugular AVF following implanted port (BardPort® by C.R. Bard, Inc.) insertion in a pediatric oncology patient who had suffered cerebral infarct due to thromboembolism. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1302-1304. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ching Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Pao Children's Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Newman N, Issa A, Greenberg D, Kapelushnik J, Cohen Z, Leibovitz E. Central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:410-4. [PMID: 22535579 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the epidemiologic and microbiological aspects of long-term central vein catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infections (CABSI) in children <18 years old treated at the hemato-oncology unit during 1998-2008. PATIENTS AND METHODS The two long-term access devices used were Hickman and Port-A-Cath catheters. Information retrieved included demographic data, baseline pathologies, methods of insertion, anatomical insertion sites, duration of use, microbiological, and antibiotic susceptibility data and outcome. RESULTS There were 178 CABSI episodes; average number of episodes/1,000 catheter days was 4.7. More CABSI episodes were recorded among patients with Hickman catheter than in patients with Port-A-Cath catheter (5.05 vs. 3.57/1,000 catheter days, P = 0.059). The CVC was removed due to BSI in 52/178 (29.2%) episodes. Overall, 243 pathogens were isolated (144 Gram-negative, 92 Gram-positive, and 7 Candida spp). More Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated in CABSI in patients with Hickman catheters than in patients with Port-A-Cath catheters (35/103, 34%, vs. 10/65, 15%, P = 0.008); more coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in patients with Port-A-Cath catheters than in patients with Hickman catheters (25/65, 38.5%, vs. 23/103, 22.3%, P = 0.02). No differences in pathogen distribution were found between CABSI recorded for jugular versus subclavian veins, open versus close inserted-CVC or for CVC requiring removal versus those treated conservatively. No fatalities directly related to CABSI were recorded. CONCLUSIONS CABSI rates were higher in patients with Hickman catheters compared with those with Port-A-Cath catheters; Gram-negative organisms were the dominant etiologic agents of CABSI; CABSI in patients with Hickman catheters had different etiologies compared with patients with Port-A-Cath catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitza Newman
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Yilmaz MC, Aksoylar S, Erdogan D, Demirag B. Complications of Central Venous Catheters in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Turkey. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2012; 29:199-205. [DOI: 10.1177/1043454212451366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although central venous catheters (CVCs) have become an integral element of the care of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the associated complications can lead to treatment delays and negatively affect the child and family’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the types, rate of, and risk factors for the complications relating to CVCs used in children undergoing HSCT in Turkey. One hundred children were followed prospectively to track catheter-related complications in the transplantation unit. Overall, 186 complications were documented. The most frequent complications were catheter-related infections and malfunctions. Children who had nonhematological disease had a higher rate of complications than those with hematological disease. HSCT nurses should follow and apply evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support the management of catheters. Nurse staffing ratios and workload may be an issue in developing countries. The authors believe that proper maintenance of CVCs contributes to the reduction of catheter-related complications despite these issues and that problems can be overcome by hiring experienced staff, appropriate nursing education, and by organizing and improving home care programs for HSCT patients.
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