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Artymiak P, Żegleń M, Kryst Ł. Analysis of Changes in Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents (11-15 Years) From Kraków (Poland) During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:500-507. [PMID: 38479374 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a threat to society worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the physical fitness of 11- to 15-year-olds during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Cross-sectional research was conducted in randomly selected schools in Kraków (Poland) during the years 2020 and 2022. The study group included 1635 adolescents aged 11-15 years. The results of fitness tests such as flexibility, standing broad jump, handgrip strength, overhead medicine ball throw, shuttle run (10 × 5 m), and 30-second sit-ups were analyzed. Body height and weight measurements were also taken. The standing broad jump and handgrip strength were normalized. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences between groups using 2-way analysis of variance with the Tukey HSD post hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The test results revealed a deterioration decrease in sit-ups, standing broad jump, shuttle run, and normalized standing broad jump in both sexes. Furthermore, the test results among girls showed a decrease in overhead medicine ball throw and flexibility. An increase in test results of both sexes was noticed in handgrip strength of the right and left hand. Among boys in 2022, the results were better in the flexibility test and overhead medicine ball throw compared with their peers from 2020. CONCLUSION This study indicates a decrease in overall physical fitness in adolescents. The observed results may be associated with a decrease in physical activity, changes in nutrition, and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Artymiak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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de la Guía-Galipienso F, Palau P, Berenguel-Senen A, Perez-Quilis C, Christle JW, Myers J, Haddad F, Baggish A, D'Ascenzi F, Lavie CJ, Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Being fit in the COVID-19 era and future epidemics prevention: Importance of cardiopulmonary exercise test in fitness evaluation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:84-91. [PMID: 38452909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Endurance and resistance physical activity have been shown to stimulate the production of immunoglobulins and boost the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils in the bloodstream, thereby strengthening the ability of the innate immune system to protect against diseases and infections. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) greatly impacted people's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health worldwide. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains valuable in assessing physical condition, predicting illness severity, and guiding interventions and treatments. In this narrative review, we summarize the connections and impact of COVID-19 on CRF levels and its implications on the disease's progression, prognosis, and mortality. We also emphasize the significant contribution of CPET in both clinical evaluations of recovering COVID-19 patients and scientific investigations focused on comprehending the enduring health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Guía-Galipienso
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; REMA Sports Cardiology Clinic, Denia, Alicante, Spain; Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Palau
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berenguel-Senen
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Prevention and Sports Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carme Perez-Quilis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Christle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - François Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Sport Science, University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Sports Cardiology and Rehab Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Jiang Q, Huang X, Wang Z, Dai X, Li R, Cui D. Regional differences of physical fitness and overweight and obesity prevalence among college students before and after COVID-19 pandemic since the "double first-class" initiative in China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1252270. [PMID: 38249415 PMCID: PMC10796554 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical fitness has been widely recognized as a powerful marker of health in children and adolescents, and it negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines, known as the "Double First-Class" Initiative (DFC), is a major commitment made by the Chinese government to adapt to changes in the educational environment, both domestically and internationally, in order to promote the development and practice of international higher education. The aim of the study was to look deep into the regional differences of physical fitness and overweight and obesity prevalence among college students before and after the COVID-19 pandemic since the DFC. Methods The original physical fitness parameters of students from 10 DFC universities and colleges in Central South China were downloaded from the official website of Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Database (CNSPFD) and then divided into 3 groups based on the pandemic periods: pre-pandemic (2019), the first year after pandemic outbreak (2020), and the second year after pandemic outbreak (2021). All the data were stored in Excel 2010, analyzed by SPSS 17.0, and plotted with ArcGIS 10.4. Results The total "fail" percentage (from 9.19% in 2019 to 12.94% in 2021) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys (from 22.53 to 29.25% in 2021) exhibited a continuous increase year by year, and among all the physical fitness indicators the score of strength in boys and endurance quality in all individuals were the lowest in overweight and obesity groups. Students with 'fail' rate developed from northern and northeastern province to southern areas from 2019 to 2021. For grade 2019th, overweight and obesity students who also failed the test had covered nationwide and the most affected areas including northeast, east, as well as central north in senior year. The distribution of overall fitness assessments in Hubei province was in accordance with the national data, and the overall scoring growths in both class of 2021st and 2022nd were measured with a negative increase (p < 0.01). Conclusion The government and related functional departments should take into consideration the student regional sources, especially in western and northeast regions of China, and school polices and physical education (PE) teachers should pay more attention to put training efforts on endurance for all adolescents and strength for boys and the group of overweight and obesity who also failed in the standard test, when designing specific interventions to promote physical health and counteract the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Students’ Physical Fitness Test Data Management Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Students’ Physical Fitness Test Data Management Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuoliang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Students’ Physical Fitness Test Data Management Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghong Dai
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Cui
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yip KM, Wong SWS, So HK, Tso WWY, Siu PMF, Wong ICK, Yam JC, Kwan MYW, Lum TYS, Louie LHT, Lee A, Wong WHS, Ip P. Physical Fitness and Body Mass Index Status of Hong Kong Primary Schoolchildren across the COVID-19 Pandemic, before and after School Closure. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113729. [PMID: 37722554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether health-related physical fitness and body mass index (BMI) status differed before and after school closure from the COVID-19 pandemic in a population-based cohort of Hong Kong primary schoolchildren. STUDY DESIGN We examined the BMI z score, BMI status, and physical fitness z scores including (i) upper limb muscle strength, (ii) 1-minute sit-up test, (iii) sit-and-reach test, and (iv) endurance run tests, among 3 epochs: prepandemic (September 2018-August 2019), before school closure (September 2019-January 2020), and partial school reopening (September 2021-August 2022), using a repeated cross-sectional approach. RESULTS A total of 137 752 primary schoolchildren aged 6-12 years were recruited over 3 academic years. Obesity increased significantly from 25.9% in 2018/19 to 31.0% in 2021/22, while underweight increased slightly from 6.1% to 6.5%. All tested parameters were adversely affected by the pandemic. The negative trend over time was far more pronounced in all 4 physical fitness scores in the underweight group, although performance in handgrip strength had no significance between 2018/19 and 2021/22. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren who are both underweight and overweight/obese are vulnerable to adverse changes in physical fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic. To eliminate the negative health and fitness outcomes, it is urgent to develop strategies for assisting schoolchildren in achieving a healthy weight, especially in the postpandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Man Yip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sam W S Wong
- Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Kwan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie W Y Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Parco M F Siu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mike Y W Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terry Y S Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lobo H T Louie
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Jie C, Xugui S, Min Z, Ergang Z, Hongwu W, Jun S. The influence of home isolation during COVID-19 on the physical fitness development of college students: a study utilizing repeated measures analysis of variance. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2186. [PMID: 37936096 PMCID: PMC10631170 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the impact of COVID-19-induced home isolation on the physical fitness of college students is limited. This study aims to compare and analyze the physical fitness test scores of college students in two groups: those who experienced home isolation and those who did not, over three consecutive years after enrolment, to investigate the effects of home isolation on the physical fitness development of Chinese college students. METHODS This comparative study included two longitudinal surveys conducted among medical college students. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The physical fitness indicators measured included body mass index (BMI), vital capacity (VC), 50-metre run, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, 1000/800-metre runs (males/females), pull-ups (males) and sit-ups (females). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed, and the Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied when Mauchly's assumption of sphericity was violated. Pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Bonferroni method. RESULTS A total of 6580 students participated in the study, with 3360 students (1490 males, 1870 females) enrolled in 2019 as the experimental group and 3220 students (1326 males, 1894 females) enrolled in 2017 as the control group. All participants completed the physical fitness tests for three consecutive years. The results showed that the experimental group exhibited decreased performance in the 1000-metre and 800-metre runs, and improved performance in the sit-and-reach test. After the end of home isolation, there was an improvement in the performance of the 1000-metre run and 800-metre run, while no significant differences were observed in the trends of the other tested indicators. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the home isolation environment during COVID-19 had a significant impact on the physical fitness of college students, specifically in terms of endurance and flexibility qualities, as well as male BMI. To better prepare for future public health emergencies and mitigate the effects of isolation, teaching students endurance exercises that can be performed at home should be prioritized. Furthermore, physical education programs should be improved to enhance student flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jie
- Department of Medical Information, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Sun Xugui
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhang Min
- Physical Education Institute, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Zhu Ergang
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wang Hongwu
- Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Sun Jun
- Department of Public Foundation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Martinko A, Sorić M, Jurak G, Starc G. Physical fitness among children with diverse weight status during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-wide, cohort study based on the Slovenian physical fitness surveillance system (SLOfit). THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 34:100748. [PMID: 37927431 PMCID: PMC10624998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 public health crisis has exerted immediate negative impacts on children's physical fitness, but the longer-term effects are not clear, and the impact on children with excess weight is yet unknown. We examined changes in multiple components of physical fitness in response to COVID-19 imposed restrictions, but also a year after the restrictions were terminated, and compared these trends in groups of boys and girls with normal weight, overweight, or obesity before the pandemic. Methods Information was gathered through Slovenia's national fitness surveillance system, and included 41,330 children (19,890 girls), aged 5-17, who had their fitness levels measured yearly from 2019 to 2022. Multilevel linear mixed models, fitted separately for boys and girls, were used to model the individual-level trends over time in centile score for each fitness test across 3 weight groups. Findings Overall fitness levels decreased markedly across all weight categories between 2019 and 2020, with the largest decreases in Total Fitness Index observed in children with normal weight and overweight (-8.4 and -7.7 centiles for boys and -8.3 and -8.8 for girls, respectively, p < 0.001). While there was some recovery in the overall fitness level between 2020 and 2022, it remained much lower in 2022 compared to 2019 across most groups, apart from boys with obesity. Fitness components that had the largest impact on general fitness trends were cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body power, body core, and upper body strength. Interpretation A severe decline in fitness that has not come close to returning to pre-pandemic levels in most population groups of youth begs for urgent population-wide initiatives that will provide additional opportunities for physical activity to youth. Among vulnerable groups, girls with overweight and obesity deserve a special focus of these policies. Funding Horizon 2020 (Grant no. 774548), Slovenian National Research Agency (Grant no. P5-0142), Croatian Science Foundation (Grant no. DOK-2020-01-3728).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sunda M, Gilic B, Vuletic PR, Pavlinovic V, Zenic N. Mediating Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Associations between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness; Cross-Sectional Study among High School Adolescents. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:131. [PMID: 37754964 PMCID: PMC10531934 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the imposed social distancing measures caused negative changes in physical activity levels (PALs) and physical fitness (PF) among adolescents, but the potential mediating effect of the pandemic on the association between PAL and PF is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate gender-specific associations between objectively measured PAL and indices of PF among high school adolescents during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 150 adolescents (101 females) aged 14-18 years; their anthropometrics were evaluated, and they were tested on PF (cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; beep test), power (broad jump), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), and abdominal strength (sit-ups)) and PAL (using a pedometer for 7 days) during the pandemic period. A T-test was calculated to determine differences between genders. Associations between variables were evaluated using Pearson correlations. Additionally, multivariate taxonomic classification was used to sort participants into homogenous groups (clusters) according to their PF, and then analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to differentiate them according to PAL. For the total sample, PAL was correlated with CRF only (R = 0.25, p < 0.05), while gender-stratified correlations showed that PAL was significantly associated with CRF among girls only (R = 0.29, p < 0.05), which was additionally confirmed with multivariate cluster analysis and subsequent ANOVA. No association between PAL and PF was found for boys. The relatively low association between PAL and PF is most likely related to the mediating effect of the change in life circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, and limited applicability of pedometers in evaluating high-intensity PAL. Further studies in other age groups and environments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sunda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Petra Rajkovic Vuletic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.R.V.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimir Pavlinovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Natasa Zenic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (V.P.)
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Mondaca MI, Garrido SS, Orellana TR, Roa AM, Quezada CO, Osorio-Fuentealba C. COVID-19 lockdown effects on the anthropometrics, aerobic capacity, muscle function and metabolic control in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:471-477. [PMID: 37209714 PMCID: PMC10186982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lockdown due to a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacted the daily physical activity levels and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lockdown on the anthropometric measurements, aerobic capacity, muscle function, lipid profile and glycemic control in overweight and obese children and adolescents. METHODS 104 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity were divided in a non-lockdown group (NL) (n = 48) and a lockdown group (L) (n = 56). Both NL and L groups were evaluated on three consecutive days, day one: anthropometric measurements; day two: aerobic capacity and muscle function and day three: lipid profile and glycemic control. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median plus interquartile range (IQR) according to their assumption of normality. RESULTS The L group increased the body weight (81.62 ± 22.04 kg vs 74.04 ± 24.46 kg; p = 0.05), body mass index (32.54 ± 5,49 kg/m2 vs 30.48 ± 6.88 kg/m2; p = 0.04), body mass index by z-score (3.10 ± 0.60 SD vs 2.67 ± 0.85 SD; p = 0.0015), triglycerides [141.00 mg/dl IQR (106.00- 190.00 mg/dl) vs 103.00 mg/dl IQR (78.50- 141.50 mg/dl); p = 0.001], fasting insulin [31.00 mU/L IQR (25.01- 47-17 mU/L vs 21.82 mU/L IQR (16.88 - 33.10 mU/L; p = 0.001)] and HOMA index [6.96 IQR (6.90 - 11.17) vs 4.61 IQR (3.96 - 7.50; p = 0.001)] compared with NL group. CONCLUSIONS The lockdown due COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, and glycemic control of overweight and obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Inostroza Mondaca
- Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Kinesiología, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Núcleo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (NIAS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Silva Garrido
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Kinesiología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Rodríguez Orellana
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Kinesiología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandra Maineri Roa
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Kinesiología, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cesar Osorio-Fuentealba
- Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Kinesiología, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Facultad de Artes y Educación Física, Núcleo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud (NIAS), Santiago, Chile; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Centro de Investigación en Educación (CIE-UMCE), Núcleo de Bienestar y Desarrollo Humano (NUBIDEH), Santiago, Chile; Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Programa de Doctorado en Educación, Santiago, Chile.
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Hammersen J, Tittel SR, Khodaverdi S, Reschke F, Flury M, Menzel U, Mönkemöller K, Meissner T, Karges B, Holl RW. Metabolic control during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: results from the German DPV initiative. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:757-766. [PMID: 36871116 PMCID: PMC9985474 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess effects of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic on metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Germany in a population-based analysis. METHODS Data from 33,372 pediatric T1D patients from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) registry, with face-to-face visits or telemedicine contacts in the years 2019-2021, were available. Datasets from eight time periods between March 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, according to SARS-CoV2 incidence waves, were compared to those from five control time periods. Parameters of metabolic control were assessed with adjustment for sex, age, diabetes duration, and repeated measurements. Laboratory-measured HbA1c values and those estimated from CGM were aggregated into a combined glucose indicator (CGI). RESULTS There was no clinically relevant difference in metabolic control between pandemic and control time periods with adjusted CGI values ranging from 7.61% [7.60-7.63] (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)]) in the third quarter of 2019 to 7.83% [7.82-7.85] in the time period from January 1 to March 15 2020, in the other control periods, and during the pandemic, CGI values lay between these values. BMI-SDS rose during the pandemic from 0.29 [0.28-0.30] (mean [95% CI]) in the third quarter of 2019 to 0.40 [0.39-0.41] during the fourth wave. Adjusted insulin dose rose during the pandemic. Event rates for hypoglycemic coma and diabetic ketoacidosis remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS We found no clinically relevant change of glycemic control or incidence of acute diabetes complications during the pandemic. The observed BMI increase may represent an important health risk for youth with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestr. 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sascha R Tittel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Semik Khodaverdi
- Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Centre Hanau, Hanau, Germany
| | - Felix Reschke
- Diabetes Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital Auf Der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Flury
- Children's Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Menzel
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, AKK Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Mönkemöller
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderkrankenhaus Amsterdamer Strasse, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Karges
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Bethlehem Hospital Stolberg, Stolberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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