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Brożek J, Poprawa I, Wegierek P, Stroiński A. Functional Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Peripheral Antennal Sensillar System of Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:528. [PMID: 39057261 PMCID: PMC11277130 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The antennae of the shield bug Graphosoma italicum (Müller, 1766) were examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their general morphology, as well as the antennal sensilla's distribution, size, and ultrastructure of their dendrites and function. The antennae comprise five antennomeres (one scape, two pedicels, and two flagellomeres). Different lengths of chaetic mechanosensilla (Ch1-Ch4) exist on all antennomeres, and several highly sensitive campaniform sensilla are embedded in the exoskeleton and measure cuticular strain. One pair of peg sensilla, the typical proprioceptive, is only on the proximal edge of the first pedicel and directed to the distal edge of the scapus. The antennal flagellum possesses two subtypes of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, each with one type of coeloconic olfactory sensilla. The distinctive characteristics of G. italicum are also apparent in two subtypes of coeloconic sensilla embedded in different cavities on both antennomeres of the flagellum, probably with a thermo-hypersensitive function. All studied morphological types of the sensilla and their function were supported by ultrastructural elements. The long and thin trichoid sensilla type 2 (TrS2) with an olfactive function was the most abundant sensilla localized on both flagellomeres. The peripheral antennal sensilla system consists of six main types of sensilla divided into twelve subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wegierek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (I.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Adam Stroiński
- Polish Academy of Science, Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
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Shewale MK, Nebesářová J, Grosse-Wilde E, Kalinová B. Microscopic morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla in the double-spined bark beetle, Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1610-1625. [PMID: 37572001 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The double-spined spruce bark beetle, Ips duplicatus, has become an infamous secondary pest of Norway spruce, causing extensive ecological and economic destruction in many Central European countries. Antennae are the primary olfactory organs that play a fundamental role in insect-host chemical communication; therefore, understanding morphology is crucial before conducting electrophysiological investigations. Here, we present our analysis of sensilla types on the antennal surface of I. duplicatus for the first time, using high-resolution-scanning electron microscopy. We studied the external morphological characteristics of antennae and the types, numbers, and distribution of the antennal sensilla in males and females. Our results revealed the presence of five different types of morphologically distinct sensilla: sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, and Böhm's sensilla. We observed two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SChI and SChII), four subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SBI, SBII, SBIII, and SBIV), three subtypes of sensilla trichodea (STrII, STrIII, and STrIV) and two subtypes of sensilla coeloconica (SCoI and SCoII), respectively in I. duplicatus males and females. Minor differences in length and numbers between the sexes for some sensilla types were found. Distribution maps for different sensillar types were constructed, and specific areas for the respective sensilla were found. Possible functions of observed sensilla types are discussed. The present study provides a basis for future electrophysiological studies to understand how I. duplicatus detects ecologically important olfactory cues. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: • The first report of morphology and distribution pattern of the antennal sensilla in Ips duplicatus is discussed. • A total of 6 main types and 11 antennal sensilla subtypes were observed in male and female Ips duplicatus. • Minor sex-specific differences were seen in the length and numbers in several sensilla types.
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Grants
- (IGA: A_21_29) Internal Grant Agency: MAYURI SHEWALE at Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000433 EXTEMIT-K Project, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, Operation Programme Research, Development and Education
- LM2023050 MEYS CR (Czech Bioimaging) at Viničná Microscopy Core Facility (VMCF) at the Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Kashinath Shewale
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Kalinová
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nowińska A, Franielczyk-Pietyra B, Polhemus DA. The Leg Sensilla of Insects from Different Habitats-Comparison of Strictly Aquatic and Riparian Bugs (Corixidae, Ochteridae, Gelastocoridae: Nepomorpha: Insecta: Heteroptera). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050441. [PMID: 37233069 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze morphological types and arrangement of the leg sensilla of Corixidae, Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae, in relation to their various habitats. The leg sensilla of four species of Corixidae, six of Gelastocoridae and two of Ochteridae were studied. Eight main types of sensilla with six subtypes of sensilla trichodea and four subtypes of sensilla chaetica were found and described. The greatest variability was observed among mechanoreceptive sensilla. The study showed differences in the shape of the legs between strictly aquatic and terrestrial taxa. It is the first attempt to describe leg sensilla among nepomorphan taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowińska
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Franielczyk-Pietyra
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dan A Polhemus
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
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Zhu W, Yang L, Long J, Chang Z, Mu Y, Zhou Z, Chen X. Morphology of the Antennal Sensilla of the Nymphal Instars and Adults in Notobitus meleagris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:351. [PMID: 37103166 PMCID: PMC10143563 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The bamboo bug Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787) is a serious pest of bamboo shoots in China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Singapore. The antennae of the nymphal instars and adults of N.meleagris are involved in communication among individuals and finding the host plants. In order to understand the morphology of antennal sensilla, their types, and the distribution of sensilla on the antennae of nymphal instars and adults in N. meleagris, we studied the morphology of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of the nymphs and adults comprised the scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. Four types and eight subtypes of sensilla were identified in the nymphal instars (sensilla trichodea [St].1, St.2, St.3, sensilla basiconica [Sb].1, Sb.2, sensilla chaetica [Sc].1, Sc.2, sensilla coeloconica [Sco].1), whereas those of the adults had five types and eleven subtypes of sensilla (St.1, St.2, St.3, Sb.1, Sb.2, Sb.3, Sc.1, Sc.2, Sco.1, Sco.2, and sensilla campaniformia [Sca]). There are significant differences in the number, type, and size of the sensilla in different nymphal instars, which increases with the increase in nymphal instars. There was no sexual dimorphism observed in the adult sensilla; however, the length and diameter of St.3, Sb.2, and Sb.3 were sexually dimorphic. The potential functions of each sensillum were discussed based on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla and were compared with similar published studies. Our results provide primary data for further research on the behavioral mechanism, green prevention, and control of N. meleagris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiankun Long
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yinlin Mu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Sensilla on the labial palps of the cave species Tachycines plumiopedella Li, Feng & Luo, 2021 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-023-00594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Taszakowski A, Masłowski A, Daane KM, Brożek J. Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:617. [PMID: 36635483 PMCID: PMC9837090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Taszakowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Adrian Masłowski
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kent M. Daane
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 USA
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Floriano CFB, Moreira FFF, Bispo PDC. Revision of Potamobates Champion, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and description of a new genus for P. thomasi Hungerford, 1937. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280405. [PMID: 36888691 PMCID: PMC9994737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potamobates Champion, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) heretofore included 18 species distributed from southern Mexico to Peru. They display a distinct morphology, especially regarding the projections of abdominal segment VIII. Specific identification and delimitation are difficult, and the genus lacks a thorough revision and evaluation of inter- and intraspecific variation. Here, we revise Potamobates, redescribe and/or illustrate known species, and describe P. molanoi Floriano and Moreira, sp. nov. and Brailovskybates Floriano and Moreira, gen. nov. The new genus is erected for P. thomasi Hungerford, 1937 and is characterized by the following features: (1) abdomen elongated, longer than the mesothorax; (2) abdominal spiracles positioned at the center of the segments; (3) male abdominal segment VIII without projections; (4) male pygophore and proctiger not rotated in relation to the longitudinal axis of the body; (5) female abdominal tergum VIII subequal in length and width; (6) and posterior margin of female abdominal sternum VII not produced medially, with a pair of lateral projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernanda Burguez Floriano
- Laboratório de Biologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pitágoras da Conceição Bispo
- Laboratório de Biologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, SP, Brazil
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Xue J, Ai D, Xu X, Wang C, Jiang X, Han T, Er D. Isolation and Identification of Volatile Substances with Attractive Effects on Wohlfahrtia magnifica from Vagina of Bactrian Camel. Vet Sci 2022; 9:637. [PMID: 36423086 PMCID: PMC9696388 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaginal myiasis is one of the most serious parasitic diseases in Bactrian camels. At present, there are no reports on biological control measures of the disease. In this paper, the metabolomic analysis of vaginal secretions from susceptible and non-susceptible camels was performed by ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatograph. The results matched in 140 vaginal compounds. Methylheptenone, 1-octen-3-ol, and propyl butyrate and their mixtures were selected for gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAD), electroantennography (EAG), behavioral experiments and trapping experiments of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (W. magnifica). Results showed that the W. magnifica had EAG responses to the three compounds, respectively. The EAG responses of female flies to different concentrations of methylheptenone were significantly different, but to the others had no significant difference, and there was no significant difference in the same compounds between the different sexes. Behavioral and trapping experiments showed that methylheptenone and 1-octen-3-ol have significant attraction to W. magnifica, but there was no significant difference to propyl butyrate. When methylheptenone and 1-octen-3-ol were mixed in different proportions, it was found that a mixture at the ratio of 1:1 and 0.5:1 had extremely significant and significant attraction, respectively, to both male and female W. magnifica. The study showed that, except for propyl butyrate, the higher the concentrations of the other two compounds, the stronger the attractivity to the W. magnifica, and a mixture at the ratio of 1:1 could enhance the attractivity to the W. magnifica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dongdong Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiangjun Xu
- Alxa Left Banner Bayannorogon Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau, Bayannorogon 750300, China
| | - Changmei Wang
- Supply and Marketing Cooperative Union, Ejina Banner, Alxa League, Dalaihub 735400, China
| | - Xinji Jiang
- Alxa Left Banner Centre of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Alxa League, Bayanhot 750300, China
| | - Tana Han
- Comprehensive security and Technology Promotion Center of Dalaihub Town, Ejina Banner, Alxa League 735400, China
| | - Demtu Er
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
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Nakano M, Morgan-Richards M, Clavijo-McCormick A, Trewick S. Abundance and distribution of antennal sensilla on males and females of three sympatric species of alpine grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) in Aotearoa New Zealand. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-022-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBrachaspis nivalis, Sigaus australis and Paprides nitidus are grasshopper species endemic to Aotearoa, New Zealand where they are sympatric in several regions of South Island. On mountains of Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps), B. nivalis is more abundant on scree/rock habitat, whereas S. australis and P. nitidus are prevalent in alpine tussock and herbfields. It is expected, therefore, that these species have different sensory needs that are likely to be apparent in the type, abundance, and distribution of chemo-sensilla on their antennae. It is also likely that natural selection has resulted in sexual differences in sensilla. To test these hypotheses, abundance and distribution of the chemo-sensilla on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of their antennae were characterized in adult males and females of the three species. Five types of chemo-sensilla were identified on the distal portion of their antenna: chaetica, basiconica, trichoidea, coeloconica, and cavity. All species had significantly more chemo-sensilla on the ventral than the dorsal surface of antennae and a similar distribution pattern of chemo-sensilla. Despite having relatively short antenna, B. nivalis had the largest number of olfactory sensilla, but the fewest chaetica of the three species studied. A plausible explanation is that B. nivalis is abundant on less vegetated habitats compared to the other species, and therefore may rely more on olfaction (distance) than gustatory (contact) reception for finding food. No significant differences were observed between the sexes of B. nivalis and P. nitidus, however, S. australis males had significantly more basiconica sensilla than females.
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Yang CH, Xie H, Liu ZX, Yang P, Zhao N, Yang B, Li ZB. Functional Morphology of the Antennae and Sensilla of Coeloides qinlingensis Dang et Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:907. [PMID: 36292855 PMCID: PMC9604032 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coeloides qinlingensis Dang et Yang, 1989 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a biocontrol agent of several scolytid pine pests in Southwest China. We examined the fine morphology of the antennae of adult C. qinlingensis, as well as the type, shape, and distribution of antennal sensilla, via scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of female and male C. qinlingensis are filiform and comprise a scape, pedicel, and 31-36 flagellomeres. We detected sexual dimorphism in antennal flagellar length but not in the length of other subsegments. A total of nine morphological types of antennal sensilla varying in cuticular pore structure are present in both sexes, including nonporous types (sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica (2 subtypes), and sensilla coeloconica); apical pore types (sensilla basiconica and sensilla auricillica); and multiporous types (dome-shaped sensilla and sensilla placodea (2 subtypes)). Dome-shaped sensilla and sensilla auricillica are reported for the first time for C. qinlingensis, and their shape differs from that of sensilla in other parasitic wasps. The functional morphology of the sensilla of C. qinlingensis was compared with that of the sensilla of other parasitic wasps, including those that parasitize concealed insects. This information provides a foundation for further research on the chemical communication and behavior of C. qinlingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zong-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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11
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Pacheco TL, Bohacz C, Ballerio A, Schoolmeesters P, Ahrens D. Revisiting trends in morphology of antennal sensilla in scarabaeoid beetles. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-022-00565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhytophagous scarab beetles associated with angiosperms have characteristically enlarged lamellate antennae and exhibit a striking morphological variation of sensilla. In this study, we compared the morphology of antennal surface of 62 species Scarabaeoidea using SEM microscopy, particularly also in light of their evolution in association with angiosperms. We investigated the correlation of antennal sensilla morphology, i.e., their structure and distribution, with species diversity and lineage diversification rates. A high diversity of sensilla was observed but also multiple transitional forms, even on the same antennomere. We interpreted this as evidence for a high evolutionary plasticity. We recognized clear patterns of convergence and repeated evolution of certain types of placoid sensilla. One main tendency found in the phytophagous Pleurostict chafers was a shift from sensilla trichodea to placoid-like sensilla, apparently also enhanced by the increase of the lamellate antennal surface, either by size or number of the lamellae. This trend occurred not only in the Pleurosticts, but also in Glaphyridae, a second angiosperm-associated lineage of Scarabaeoidea. However, our results suggest no direct relation between species diversity or the rate of diversification and general sensilla morphology, i.e., the origin of placoid sensilla. This could be explained not only by species-poor lineages also possessing placoid sensilla but also by otherwise successful and species rich groups having sensilla trichodea (e.g., dung beetles). Results further reveal the need to refine current phylogenetic hypotheses by more comprehensive taxon sampling and to expand the molecular characterization of pheromones and odor binding proteins to better understand the role of chemical communication in scarab diversification.
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Xie TY, Ma SY, He FX. Report on antennal sensilla of Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Aphelocheiridae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21917. [PMID: 35618668 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The comparative morphology study on antennal sensilla of Aphelocheirus ellipsoideus from the family Aphelocheiridae, carried out with the use of a scanning electron microscope, is provided. Five main types of mechano-, chemo-, and thermo-hygroreceptive sensilla with two subtypes of sensilla basiconica were found and described on their surface, including sensilla trichodea, campaniformia, basiconica, ampullacea, and plate-like. Antennal sensilla of A. ellipsoideus on macropterous and brachypterous forms were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yin Xie
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu-Xia He
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Chakilam S, Brożek J, Chajec Ł, Poprawa I, Gaidys R. Ultra-Morphology and Mechanical Function of the Trichoideum Sensillum in Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). INSECTS 2022; 13:799. [PMID: 36135500 PMCID: PMC9504417 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the morphological features of the antennal sensilla by using SEM and TEM. The construction of a 3D model of trichoideum sensillum using Amira software is presented in this paper. Five sensillum types, namely trichoideum, chaeticum, campaniformium, coeloconicum, and basiconicum, were recorded. This model exhibits the mechanosensillum components, including the embedded hair in a socket attached by the joint membrane and the dendrite connected to the hair base passing through the cuticle layers. TEM images present the dendrite way, micro-tubules inside the dendritic sheath, and terminal structure of the tubular dendrite body and so-called companion cells included in the receptor, e.g., tormogen and trichogen. The parameters noted for the external structure and ultrastructure of the mechano-receptor indicate that they are specific to a particular type of sensillum and would be useful in developing the model for a biosensor. Results show that bio-inspired sensors can be developed based on morphological and ultrastructural studies and to conduct mechanical studies on their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikanth Chakilam
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rimvydas Gaidys
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Ribeiro Júnior C, Serrão JE. Antennal Sensilla in Vespidae: A Comparison Between a Diurnal and a Nocturnal Polistinae Wasp. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-14. [PMID: 35450550 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Social wasps have a widespread Neotropical distribution and are important pollinators and biological control agents for pest insects. The foraging activity of wasps is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that are detected by the antennal sensilla that vary according to species, sex, caste, and environmental conditions. This study compares the types and quantities of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope between the nocturnal Apoica flavissima and the diurnal Polistes simillimus wasps. Six types of sensilla were found in the antennae of both species: placoid, coeloconic, basiconic-type 1, basiconic-type 2, trichoid-type 1, and trichoid-type 2. Sensilla chaetica were found only in the scape and pedicel of A. flavissima. In the nocturnal wasp, there are 19,132.27 ± 1,247.72 sensilla in the left and 17,746.46 ± 1,477.46 in the right antennae, whereas in the diurnal wasp 14,936.72 ± 1,271.69 in the left and 16,090.82 ± 1,345.3 in the right antennae. A. flavissima has a longer antennal length and number of sensilla than P. simillimus. The higher number of antennal sensilla in the nocturnal wasp is not linked with the antennal size. The association of antennal sensilla functions with ecological and behavioral factors of A. flavissima and P. simillimus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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15
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Nakano M, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA, Clavijo-McCormick A. Chemical Ecology and Olfaction in Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:121-140. [PMID: 35001201 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemoreception plays a crucial role in the reproduction and survival of insects, which often rely on their sense of smell and taste to find partners, suitable habitats, and food sources, and to avoid predators and noxious substances. There is a substantial body of work investigating the chemoreception and chemical ecology of Diptera (flies) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies); but less is known about the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, and wēta). Within the Orthoptera, the family Acrididae contains about 6700 species of short-horned grasshoppers. Grasshoppers are fascinating organisms to study due to their significant taxonomic and ecological divergence, however, most chemoreception and chemical ecology studies have focused on locusts because they are agricultural pests (e.g., Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria). Here we review studies of chemosensory systems and chemical ecology of all short-horned grasshoppers. Applications of genome editing tools and entomopathogenic microorganism to control locusts in association with their chemical ecology are also discussed. Finally, we identify gaps in the current knowledge and suggest topics of interest for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nakano
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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16
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Morphology of the Antennal Sensilla of Notonectoidea and Comparison of Evolutionary Changes in Sensilla Types and Distribution in Infraorder Nepomorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121121. [PMID: 34940209 PMCID: PMC8703933 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Antennal sensilla are important sensory organs for insects. According to their morphological structures, they respond to different chemical or mechanical stimuli. The antennae of the studied families of water insects (Notonectidae, Pleidae and Helotrephidae) are short and concealed under the head, leaving a small amount of space for the existence of sensory structures. Nevertheless, six main types of sensilla have been discovered on the surfaces of these antennae. The morphological types described in this study were further compared with other studies on the antennal sensilla of water bugs (Nepomorpha) in order to compare their evolutionary changes within the group. Abstract This article introduces the results of a study of three families of Nepomorpha and is the last part of a series of studies that sums up our work on the morphologies of the antennal sensory structures in this taxon. The morphologies and distribution of the sensilla in the families Notonectidae, Pleidae and Helotrephidae were studied under a scanning electron microscope. Six main types (sensilla trichodea, chaetica, campaniformia, basiconica, ampullacea and coeloconica) and ten subtypes (five subtypes of sensilla trichodea and five subtypes of sensilla basiconica) were described. The results were compared with other studies on the antennal sensilla of Nepomorpha in order to assess evolutionary changes within the infraorder. With the use of cladistics analysis, the monophyly of the families Nepidae, Micronectidae, Corixidae and Gelastocoridae was supported. On the other hand, the occurrence of some clades forming superfamilies was weakly supported by bootstrap analysis. These results, supported by presence of the numerous autapomorphies, suggest that antennal sensilla evolved within inner groups.
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Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Phonoctonus Stål, 1853 (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121100. [PMID: 34940188 PMCID: PMC8705300 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of nine known species of the genus Phonoctonus Stål, 1853, distributed exclusively in the Afrotropical region. The revision and phylogenetic analysis were performed using morphological data. A full redescription for all species is provided, taxonomical problems are clarified, and diagnostic characters are presented and illustrated. Based on the analysis, thirteen species are recognised as valid: Phonoctonus bifasciatus stat. nov., P. caesar, P. elegans, P. fairmairei stat. nov., P. fasciatus, P. grandis, P. immitis stat. rev., P. luridus, P. lutescens, P. nigrofasciatus stat. rev., P. picta stat. nov., P. picturatus stat. rev., and P. principalis. New synonymies are proposed: Phonoctonus nigrofasciatus= P. fasciatus var. poultoni syn. nov., P. picturatus = P. fasciatus var. discalis syn. nov., and P. principalis = P. validus syn. nov. An identification key to separate the species, drawings of dorsal habitus, and distribution maps of all valid species are presented. Performed morphological phylogenetic analyses indicate monophyly of the genus Phonoctonus.
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Nowińska A, Brożek J. The variability of antennal sensilla in Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). Sci Rep 2021; 11:19651. [PMID: 34608210 PMCID: PMC8490415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and distribution of sensilla on the surface of the antennae of the naucorids' species were studied via scanning electron microscopy. Eleven types of sensilla were identified regarding specific sensory modalities, based on their cuticular morphology. Cuticle morphology identifies five types of sensilla trichodea, four types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensillum coeloconicum and sensillum ampullaceum. Three new types of mechanosensitive sensilla were found. Moreover, the morphological diversity between the antennae allowed the distinction of ten different antennal types that correspond to different sensillar sets. The sensilla found in Naucoridae share similarities with the sensilla of other nepomorphan taxa, as well as of terrestrial insects. However, no sensillar synapomorphy was found between Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowińska
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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19
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Morphological variability and teratologies in the stag beetle Lucanus cervus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Romania. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Morphometric Analysis of Coptotermes spp. Soldier Caste (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Indonesia and Evidence of Coptotermes gestroi Extreme Head-Capsule Shapes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050477. [PMID: 34065535 PMCID: PMC8160883 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Linear and geometric morphometrics approaches were conducted to analyze the head capsule (HC) shape of collected soldier caste specimens of Coptotermes from various locations in Indonesia. The soldiers' morphology was observed and measured. The results of the principal component analysis of the group of all species showed two important groups of variables, i.e., the body size and setae characteristics of the pronotum and head. The multicollinearity of the morphometric variables showed the importance of body measurements as well as important alternative characteristics such as the pronotum setae (PrS) and HC setae. Four trends of HC shape were observed across the species. Interestingly, three extreme shapes were depicted by geometric morphometrics of the C. gestroi HC. The phylogenetic tree inferred from 12S and 16S mitochondrial gene fragments showed high confidence for C. gestroi populations. The lateral expansion of the posterior part of the HC across the species was in accordance with the increasing of the number of hairlike setae on the pronotum and HC. These differences among species might be associated with mandible-force-related defensive labor and sensitivity to environmental stressors.
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22
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Faucheux MJ, Németh T, Hoffmannova J, Kundrata R. Scanning Electron Microscopy Reveals the Antennal Micromorphology of Lamprodila ( Palmar) festiva (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an Invasive Pest of Ornamental Cupressaceae in Western Palaearctic. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110375. [PMID: 33158061 PMCID: PMC7694220 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The jewel-beetles, Buprestidae, comprise some economically important invasive pest species. The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festivafestiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a new invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution and possible functions of antennal sensilla in both sexes of L. festiva. In total, we identified 15 different (sub)types of sensilla, of which two are present only in females. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for subsequent chemical ecology research focused mainly on the olfactory sensory system of this rapidly spreading invasive pest. Abstract The Cypress jewel beetle, Lamprodila (Palmar) festiva festiva (Linnaeus, 1767), is a serious invasive pest of ornamental Cupressaceae, which has recently expanded its range from the Mediterranean region northwards to central and eastern Europe, and to the Russian Black Sea coast. In this study, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the micromorphology of the male and female antennae of L. festiva to examine the morphology, numbers, distribution, and possible functions of antennal sensilla. Most sensilla are located in the sensory fields within the apical depressions on antennomeres IV–XI. We identified four main types of antennal sensilla in L. festiva: sensilla chaetica (seven subtypes, of which two occur only in females), sensilla basiconica (five subtypes), multiporous grooved pegs (two subtypes), and Böhm sensilla. Females have relatively more sensilla chaetica and multiporous grooved pegs, whereas males have more sensilla basiconica. We discuss possible functions of all examined sensilla and compare them with those in other Buprestidae or other insects. Our study should serve as background information for advanced electrophysiological and behavioral experiments to better understand the functions of different sensilla and mechanisms related to semiochemically based pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Faucheux
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. 92208, F-44322 Nantes CEDEX 03, France;
| | - Tamás Németh
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross utca 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Johana Hoffmannova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Robin Kundrata
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Nowińska A, Chen PP, Brożek J. Comparative Study of Antennal Sensilla of Corixidae and Micronectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Corixoidea). INSECTS 2020; 11:E734. [PMID: 33120913 PMCID: PMC7693703 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyze the types and distributional patterns of sensilla in Corixoidea, which is part of the approach to the phylogeny study of Nepomorpha, based on the morphological characters of sensilla. This paper presents the results of the study, with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), on the antennae of species from the families Corixidae and Micronectidae. The antennal sensilla of eleven species from Corixidae and two species from Micronectidae were studied. Five main types of sensilla with several subtypes of sensilla trichodea were found and described. The study has shown that the family Corixidae has a strong uniformity when it comes to antennal sensilla (similar patterns of sensilla trichodea and basiconica), and a similarity to the types and distributions of sensilla in two species of the family Micronectidae. However, significant differences between the families were also discovered (differences in sensilla presence on the first and second antennomeres, lack of sensilla coeloconica on the third antennomere in Micronectidae), which leads to a supportive conclusion of the systematic position of Micronectidae as a family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowińska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Ping-ping Chen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
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Urcola JI, Benetti CJ, Alarie Y, Rodriguez G, Michat MC. Characterization and mapping of sensilla on the head appendages of noterid larvae (Coleoptera: Noteridae), and development of a preliminary biometric method for taxa delimitation. J Morphol 2020; 281:1210-1222. [PMID: 32865277 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the burrowing water beetle family Noteridae are distributed worldwide and are often abundant in a broad range of aquatic habitats, playing an important role in structuring freshwater communities, yet they have remained among the most poorly studied groups of aquatic beetles. Studies on sensillar equipment of aquatic insect larvae are largely lacking, despite their potential use in phylogeny and biometric identification methods. In this article, the external morphology and distribution of sensilla on the head appendages of first instar larvae of selected genera of Noteridae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Seven main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: basiconica (3 subtypes), campaniformia (2 subtypes), chaetica (7 subtypes), coeloconica (6 subtypes), coniform complex (2 subtypes), placodea, and styloconica (3 subtypes). The apex of the labial palpus was found to be the most variable and informative region in regard to the number, relative position, and topology of sensilla. Fingerprint models were, therefore, generated for this region in each of the studied genera, allowing their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Urcola
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar J Benetti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Yves Alarie
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Rodriguez
- CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano C Michat
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nowińska A, Brożek J. Antennal sensory structures in water bugs of Nepoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Nepomorpha), their morphology and function. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-019-00446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Zhu Q, Wu N, Brożek J, Dai W. Antennal Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E56. [PMID: 30791453 PMCID: PMC6409566 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) is an important pest of rice and maize in South Asia and causes severe economic damage. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, the fine morphology of antennae and the types and distribution of the sensilla on the male and female antennae of Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the antenna is filiform and composed of three segments: a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum. The female antennae are slightly shorter than the male antennae. In both sexes, four types and nine subtypes of sensilla were observed: sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), sensilla campaniformia (SCa1, SCa2 and SCa3), sensilla coeloconica (SCo1, SCo2 and SCo3) and sensilla trichodea (ST). In addition, sensilla coeloconica (SCo1) are observed on the membrane of the top of the pedicel in Cercopidae for the first time. Sexual dimorphism mainly occurs in variation in the number of sensilla coeloconica (SCo2, SCo3) on the bulb-shaped portion of the flagellum and in the shape of sensilla basiconica (SB2). There are significantly more sensilla coeloconica in males than in females. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other cercopids and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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