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Charrier E, Chen R, Thundathil N, Gilleard JS. A set of nematode rRNA cistron databases and a primer assessment tool to enable more flexible and comprehensive metabarcoding. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13965. [PMID: 38733216 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The ITS-2-rRNA has been particularly useful for nematode metabarcoding but does not resolve all phylogenetic relationships, and reference sequences are not available for many nematode species. This is a particular issue when metabarcoding complex communities such as wildlife parasites or terrestrial and aquatic free-living nematode communities. We have used markerDB to produce four databases of distinct regions of the rRNA cistron: the 18S rRNA gene, the 28S rRNA gene, the ITS-1 intergenic spacer and the region spanning ITS-1_5.8S_ITS-2. These databases comprise 2645, 254, 13,461 and 10,107 unique full-length sequences representing 1391, 204, 1837 and 1322 nematode species, respectively. The comparative analysis illustrates the complementary value but also reveals a better representation of Clade III, IV and V than Clade I and Clade II nematodes in each case. Although the ITS-1 database includes the largest number of unique full-length sequences, the 18S rRNA database provides the widest taxonomic coverage. We also developed PrimerTC, a tool to assess primer sequence conservation across any reference sequence database, and have applied it to evaluate a large number of previously published rRNA cistron primers. We identified sets of primers that currently provide the broadest taxonomic coverage for each rRNA marker across the nematode phylum. These new resources will facilitate more comprehensive metabarcoding of nematode communities using either short-read or long-read sequencing platforms. Further, PrimerTC is available as a simple WebApp to guide or assess PCR primer design for any genetic marker and/or taxonomic group beyond the nematode phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Charrier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host Parasite Interaction Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host Parasite Interaction Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Noelle Thundathil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host Parasite Interaction Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host Parasite Interaction Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wu T, Ma X, Wang F, Xie L, Lv Q, Zeng M, Xu Y, Qin S, Chang Q. First Description of the Mitogenome Features of Neofoleyellides Genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) Isolated from a Wild Bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202854. [PMID: 36290239 PMCID: PMC9597759 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Filarioidea, a superfamily of nematodes, presently includes 42 species divided into six genera, mainly in the family Onchocercidae, which have been reported to infect a wide range of hosts, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. Thus, the objective of the present study was to sequence and analyze the complete mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and to assess its phylogenetic position in the Onchocercidae family. The evaluated Neofoleyellides sp. mt genome was consistent with the molecular pattern of the Onchocercidae family: 36 subunits consisting of 12 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene, cox1 gene, and 12 PCGs showed consistent results, which strongly supported monophyly of the genus Neofoleyellides. These findings enriched the gene database and improved our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the Onchocercidae family, which provide useful genetic markers to study the population genetics, molecular biology, and phylogenetics of these Onchocercidae nematodes. Abstract The Onchocercidae family is composed of more than 30 valid nematode species with notable zoonotic potential. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. This study describes for the first time the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and belonging to the Neofoleyellides genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae). The mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. (GenBank accession number: ON641583) was a typical circular DNA molecule of 13,628 bp in size with an AT content of 76.69%. The complete mt genome comprised 36 functional subunits, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The most common start codon was ATT/ATG except for nad2 with TTG, and TAA was the termination codon for all protein-coding genes (PCGs). Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated and aligned amino acid sequences of the 12 PCGs showed that the trees generated using different methods (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) with different partition schemes shared similar topologies. The isolated Neofoleyellides sp. was placed in the Onchocercidae family and formed a sister branch with the genera Onchocerca and Dirofilaria. The entire mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. presented in this study could provide useful data for studying the population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of Onchocercidae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Fengfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linhong Xie
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Minhao Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qiaocheng Chang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence:
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Mitochondrial DNA barcoding of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275090. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct identification of mosquito species is important for effective mosquito vector control. However, the standard morphological identification of mosquito species based on the available keys is not easy with specimens in the field due to missing or damaged morphological features during mosquito collections, often leading to the misidentification of morphologically indistinguishable. To resolve this problem, we collected mosquito species across Thailand to gather genetic information, and evaluated the DNA barcoding efficacy for mosquito species identification in Thailand. A total of 310 mosquito samples, representing 73 mosquito species, were amplified using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) primers. The average maximum intraspecific genetic variation of the 73 mosquito species was 1% ranged from 0–5.7%. While, average minimum interspecific genetic variation (the distance to the nearest neighbour) of the 73 mosquito species was 7% ranged from 0.3–12.9%. The identification of success rates based on the “Best Match,” “Best Close Match,” and “All Species Barcodes” methods were 97.7%, 91.6%, and 81%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of Anopheles COI sequences demonstrated a clear separation between almost all species (except for those between An. baimaii and An. dirus), with high bootstrap support values (97%–99%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses revealed potential sibling species of An. annularis, An. tessellatus, and An. subpictus in Thailand. Our results indicated that DNA barcoding is an effective molecular approach for the accurate identification of mosquitoes in Thailand.
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Ma XX, Wang FF, Wu TT, Li Y, Sun XJ, Wang CR, Chang QC. First description of the mitogenome and phylogeny:Aedes vexansand Ochlerotatus caspius of the Tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae). INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105311. [PMID: 35640863 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Culicidae, the mosquito family, includes more than 3600 species subdivided into the subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. One-third of mosquitoes belong to the Aedini tribe, which is subordinate to the subfamily Culicinae, which comprises common vectors of viral zoonoses. The tribe of Aedini is extremely diverse in morphology and geographical distribution and has high ecological and medical significance. However, knowledge about the systematics of the Aedini tribe is still limited owing to its large population and the similar morphological characteristics of its species. This study provides the first description of the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Aedes vexans and Ochlerotatus caspius belonging to the Aedini tribe. The mt genomes of A. vexans and O. caspius are circular molecules that are 15,861 bp and 15,954 bp in size, with AT contents of 78.54% and 79.36%, respectively. Both the circular mt genomes comprise 37 functional subunits, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a control region (also known as the AT-rich region). The most common start codons are ATT/ATG, apart from cox1 (TCG) and nad5 (GTG), while TAA is the termination codon for all PCGs. All tRNAs have a typical clover leaf structure, except tRNA Ser1. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated, aligned amino acid sequences of the 13 PCGs showed that A. vexans gathered with Aedes sp. in a sister taxon, and O. caspius gathered with Ochlerotatus sp. in a sister taxon. The findings from the present study support the concept of monophyly of all groups, ratify the current taxonomic classification, and provide vital molecular marker resources for further studies of the taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics of the Aedini tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Ma
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province 710021, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, PR China.
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Escobar D, Archaga O, Reyes A, Palma A, Larson RT, Vásquez GM, Fontecha G. A Follow-Up to the Geographical Distribution of Anopheles Species in Malaria-Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas of Honduras. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060548. [PMID: 35735885 PMCID: PMC9225189 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Malaria is a tropical disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of the female mosquito Anopheles. Honduras is close to the goal of eliminating malaria, but the region called La Moskitia continues to concentrate almost all of the country’s malaria cases. One of the key factors in achieving malaria elimination is a thorough understanding of the mosquito vectors that transmit the disease. There are few studies related to malaria vectors in Honduras. This study aims to contribute to knowing which are the species of vector mosquitoes, mainly in the Department of Gracias a Dios and in other departments in which cases of malaria occur, in addition to describing molecularly for the first time the anophelines of the Bay Islands. The most abundant species found here were Anopheles albimanus, but seven other species were also identified, some of which may contribute to parasite transmission. Abstract Anopheles species are the vectors of malaria, one of the diseases with the greatest impact on the health of the inhabitants of the tropics. Due to their epidemiological relevance and biological complexity, monitoring of anopheline populations in current and former malaria-endemic areas is critical for malaria risk assessment. Recent efforts have described the anopheline species present in the main malaria foci in Honduras. This study updates and expands knowledge about Anopheles species composition, geographical distribution, and genetic diversity in the continental territory of Honduras as in the Bay Islands. Outdoor insect collections were carried out at 25 sites in eight municipalities in five departments of Honduras between 2018 and 2021. Specimens were identified using taxonomic keys. Partial COI gene sequences were used for molecular species identification and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, detection of Plasmodium DNA was carried out in 255 female mosquitoes. Overall, 288 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from 8 municipalities. Eight species were morphologically identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most abundant and widely distributed species (79.5%). A subset of 175 partial COI gene sequences from 8 species was obtained. Taxonomic identifications were confirmed via sequence analysis. Anopheles albimanus and An. apicimacula showed the highest haplotype diversity and nucleotide variation, respectively. Phylogenetic clustering was found for An. argyritarsis and An. neomaculipalpus when compared with mosquitoes from other Neotropical countries. Plasmodium DNA was not detected in any of the mosquitoes tested. This report builds upon recent records of the distribution and diversity of Anopheles species in malaria-endemic and non-endemic areas of Honduras. New COI sequences are reported for three anopheline species. This is also the first report of COI sequences of An. albimanus collected on the island of Roatán with apparent gene flow relative to mainland populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Escobar
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (O.A.)
| | - Osman Archaga
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (O.A.)
| | - Allan Reyes
- Unidad de Entomología, Región Sanitaria de Gracias a Dios, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras, Puerto Lempira, Gracias a Dios 33101, Honduras;
| | - Adalid Palma
- Vysnova Partners, Inc., Landover, MD 20785, USA;
| | - Ryan T. Larson
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista 07006, Peru; (R.T.L.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Gissella M. Vásquez
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista 07006, Peru; (R.T.L.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Gustavo Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (O.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-33935443
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Noureldin E, Tan D, Daffalla O, Almutairi H, Ghzwani J, Torno M, Mashi O, Hobani Y, Ding H, Alamri A, Shrwani K, Albarrag A, Eisa Z. DNA Barcoding of Potential Mosquito Disease Vectors (Diptera, Culicidae) in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050486. [PMID: 35631007 PMCID: PMC9171578 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional morphological characterization of mosquito species remains heavily used for species identification in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. It requires substantial expertise and time, as well as having difficulty in confirming identity of morphologically similar species. Therefore, to establish a reliable and accurate identification system that can be applied to understanding spatial distribution of local mosquito species from the Jazan region, DNA barcoding was explored as an integrated tool for mosquito species identification. In this study, 44 adult mosquito specimens were analyzed, which contain 16 species belong to three genera of potential mosquito disease vectors (Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex). The specimens were collected from the Jazan region located in southwest Saudi Arabia. These included old and preserved mosquito voucher specimens. In addition, we assessed the genetic distance based on the generated mitochondrial partial COI DNA barcodes to detect cryptic diversity across these taxa. Nine mosquito species belonging to three genera were successfully barcoded and submitted to GenBank, namely: Aedes aegypti, Aedes caspius, Aedes vexans, Aedes vittatus, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex sitiens, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Of these nine species, Aedes vexans, Aedes vittatus, Culex sitiens, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus were registered in GenBank for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The DNA barcodes generated a 100% match to known barcodes of these mosquito species, that also matched with the morphological identification. Ae. vexans was found to be either a case of cryptic species (subspecies) or a new species from the region. However, more research has to be conducted to prove the latter. This study directly contributes to the development of a molecular reference library of mosquito species from the Jazan region and Saudi Arabia. The library is essential for confirmation of species in support of existing mosquito surveillance and control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsiddig Noureldin
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Helios Block, Singapore 128667, Singapore; (D.T.); (M.T.); (H.D.)
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Ommer Daffalla
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Hatim Almutairi
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Jaber Ghzwani
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Majhalia Torno
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Helios Block, Singapore 128667, Singapore; (D.T.); (M.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Omar Mashi
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Yahya Hobani
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Huicong Ding
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Helios Block, Singapore 128667, Singapore; (D.T.); (M.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Abdullah Alamri
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
| | - Khalid Shrwani
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693BX, UK
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki Eisa
- Saudi Public Health Authority, Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.D.); (H.A.); (J.G.); (O.M.); (Y.H.); (A.A.); (K.S.); (A.A.); (Z.E.)
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Syahrani L, Permana DH, Syafruddin D, Zubaidah S, Asih PBS, Rozi IE, Hidayati APN, Kosasih S, Dewayanti FK, Rachmawati N, Risandi R, Bangs MJ, Bøgh C, Davidson J, Hendershot A, Burton T, Grieco JP, Achee NL, Lobo NF. An inventory of human night-biting mosquitoes and their bionomics in Sumba, Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010316. [PMID: 35312689 PMCID: PMC8970493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important vectors that transmit pathogens to human and other vertebrates. Each mosquito species has specific ecological requirements and bionomic traits that impact human exposure to mosquito bites, and hence disease transmission and vector control. A study of human biting mosquitoes and their bionomic characteristics was conducted in West Sumba and Southwest Sumba Districts, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia from May 2015 to April 2018. Biweekly human landing catches (HLC) of night biting mosquitoes both indoors and outdoors caught a total of 73,507 mosquito specimens (59.7% non-Anopheles, 40.3% Anopheles). A minimum of 22 Culicinae species belonging to four genera (Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, Mansonia), and 13 Anophelinae species were identified. Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant Culicinae species, Anopheles aconitus was the principal Anopheles species inland, while An. sundaicus was dominant closer to the coast. The overall human biting rate (HBR) was 10.548 bites per person per night (bpn) indoors and 10.551 bpn outdoors. Mosquitoes biting rates were slightly higher indoors for all genera with the exception of Anopheles, where biting rates were slightly higher outdoors. Diurnal and crepuscular Aedes and Armigeres demonstrated declining biting rates throughout the night while Culex and Anopheles biting rates peaked before midnight and then declined. Both anopheline and non-anopheline populations did not have a significant association with temperature (p = 0.3 and 0.88 respectively), or rainfall (p = 0.13 and 0.57 respectively). The point distribution of HBR and seasonal variables did not have a linear correlation. Data demonstrated similar mosquito–human interactions occurring outdoors and indoors and during early parts of the night implying both indoor and outdoor disease transmission potential in the area–pointing to the need for interventions in both spaces. Integrated vector analysis frameworks may enable better surveillance, monitoring and evaluation strategies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Siti Zubaidah
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ismail E. Rozi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Sully Kosasih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Nia Rachmawati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rifqi Risandi
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claus Bøgh
- The Sumba Foundation, Public Health and Malaria Control, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Jenna Davidson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Allison Hendershot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Timothy Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yang R, Luo C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Zhang D. Molecular phylogeny of Anopheles nivipes based on mtDNA-COII and mosquito diversity in Cambodia-Laos border. Malar J 2022; 21:91. [PMID: 35300704 PMCID: PMC8932176 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have been conducted to investigate the distribution of mosquito vectors and the population structure of secondary vectors in the border region of Cambodia-Laos. The aim of this work was to study the mosquito diversity and molecular phylogeny of secondary vectors, i.e., Anopheles nivipes in this area. METHODS 1440 adult mosquitoes were trapped in the Cambodia-Laos border. mtDNA-COII were amplified and sequenced from 53 An. nivipes DNA samples. Together with COII sequences deposited in GenBank, a total of 86 COII sequences were used for examining population variations, genetic differentiation, spatial population structure, population expansion, and gene flow patterns. RESULTS The adult mosquitoes were classified into 5 genera and 27 species in this border region. The predominant genera were Culex (60.07%, 865/1440) and Anopheles (31.25%, 450/1440), and the major Anopheles species were An. nivipes (73.56%, 331/450) and Anopheles maculatus (14.22%, 64/450). Based on sequences analysis of COII, a high level of genetic differentiation was reported in two Northwest India (Cheema and Bathinda, Punjab) and Cambodia-Laos (Siem Pang, Stung treng) populations (FST = 0.97824, 0.97343, P < 0.05), as well as lower gene flow (Nm = 0.01112, 0.01365) in the An. nivipes populations. Phylogenetic analysis and SAMOVA revealed a gene barrier restricting gene flow among three An. nivipes populations. Mantel test suggested a significant correlation between geography and gene distance in all An. nivipes populations (Z = 44,983.1865, r = 0.5575, P = 0.0070). Neutrality test and Mismatch distribution revealed a recent population expansion of An. nivipes in the Cambodia-Laos population. CONCLUSIONS Anopheles nivipes was one of the major Anopheles species in the Cambodia-Laos border. Based on sequences analysis of COII, a genetic barrier between Cambodia-Laos and two Indian populations was found, and a recent population expanding or selecting of An. nivipes occurred in the Cambodia-Laos population, suggesting that COII might be an effective marker for describing the molecular phylogeny of An. nivipes. Further investigation and continuous surveillance of An. nivipes are warranted in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Canglin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China
| | - Chunhai Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention (Developing), Pu'er, 665099, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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9
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do Nascimento BLS, da Silva FS, Nunes-Neto JP, de Almeida Medeiros DB, Cruz ACR, da Silva SP, da Silva e Silva LH, de Oliveira Monteiro HA, Dias DD, Vieira DBR, Rosa JW, Brandão RCF, Chiang JO, Martins LC, da Costa Vasconcelos PF. First Description of the Mitogenome and Phylogeny of Culicinae Species from the Amazon Region. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121983. [PMID: 34946932 PMCID: PMC8701802 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Culicidae family is distributed worldwide and comprises about 3587 species subdivided into the subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. This is the first description of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Aedes fluviatilis, Aedeomyia squamipennis, Coquillettidia nigricans, Psorophora albipes, and Psorophora ferox. The mitogenomes showed an average length of 15,046 pb and 78.02% AT content, comprising 37 functional subunits (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs). The most common start codons were ATT/ATG, and TAA was the stop codon for all PCGs. The tRNAs had the typical leaf clover structure, except tRNASer1. Phylogeny was inferred by analyzing the 13 PCGs concatenated nucleotide sequences of 48 mitogenomes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis placed Ps. albipes and Ps. ferox in the Janthinosoma group, like the accepted classification of Psorophora genus. Ae. fluviatilis was placed in the Aedini tribe, but was revealed to be more related to the Haemagogus genus, a result that may have been hampered by the poor sampling of Aedes sequences. Cq. nigricans clustered with Cq. chrysonotum, both related to Mansonia. Ae. squamipennis was placed as the most external lineage of the Culicinae subfamily. The yielded topology supports the concept of monophyly of all groups and ratifies the current taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Hamilton Antônio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
| | - Durval Bertram Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - José Wilson Rosa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/SVS/MS, Belém 67030-000, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.N.); (F.S.d.S.); (D.B.d.A.M.); (A.C.R.C.); (S.P.d.S.); (H.A.d.O.M.); (D.B.R.V.); (J.W.R.J.); (R.C.F.B.); (J.O.C.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Posgraduation Program, State of Pará University, Belém 66095-662, Brazil; (L.H.d.S.e.S.); (D.D.D.); (P.F.d.C.V.)
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10
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Snyman J, Snyman LP, Labuschagne K, Venter GJ, Venter M. The utilisation of CytB and COI barcodes for the identification of bloodmeals and Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) reveals a variety of novel wildlife hosts in South Africa. Acta Trop 2021; 219:105913. [PMID: 33831346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges in the genus Culicoides (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens that can cause diseases of major economic importance in humans and animals. Identifying host ranges of these biting midges might aid in understanding the complex epidemiology of such diseases, often involving reservoir hosts and multiple species. In this study, we aim to identify bloodmeal origin from engorged female Culicoides biting midges. All bloodfed females were opportunistically collected as part of an ongoing surveillance programme using Onderstepoort light traps in two provinces in South Africa. DNA of individuals was extracted and subjected to PCR targeting the cytochrome B (CytB) gene region of mammals and avians as well as cytochrome oxidase I (COI) for species identification. In total, 21 new reference barcodes were generated for C. bedfordi, C imicola, C. leucosticus, C. magnus, and C. pycnostictus. Seventy-four blood meals were identified, originating from 12 mammal and three avian species. COI sequence data performed well for species delimitation and 54 Culicoides specimens were identified with C. imicola the predominant species identified (41.8%). Generally, Culicoides species feed on a variety of hosts and host availability might be an important factor when selecting a host. Culicoides species thus appear to be opportunistic feeders rather than specialists. This implicates Culicoides as transfer vectors and demonstrates possible transmission routes of arboviruses and other pathogens from wildlife onwards to domestic animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumari Snyman
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Louwrens P Snyman
- Durban Natural Science Museum, Durban, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gert J Venter
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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11
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Bušić N, Kučinić M, Merdić E, Bruvo-Mađarić B. Diversity of mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) in higher-altitude regions of Croatia. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2021; 46:65-75. [PMID: 35229583 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the accompanying rise in temperature could affect the biology and ecology of a number of vectors, including mosquitoes. High altitude areas that were previously unsuitable for the spread of mosquito vector populations could become suitable. The aim of this research was to study the distribution of mosquito species in higher altitude regions of Croatia. Samples were collected in three areas: Slavonian Mountains, Gorski Kotar, and Middle Velebit. Specimens were morphologically determined and confirmed by DNA barcoding and other genetic markers and showed the presence of 16 species belonging to six genera. The most abundant species were the Culex pipiens complex with 50% of the collected specimens. Both pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) and molestus (Forskal, 1775) biotypes and their hybrids were identified within the complex, followed by Culex torrentium (Martini, 1925) (20.2%), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838) (8.5%), and the invasive species Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (7.8% of the total number of collected specimens). The remaining 12 species made up 14.7% of the collected specimens. Intraspecific COI p-distances were within the standard barcoding threshold for OTUs, while interspecific genetic distances were much higher, confirming the existence of barcoding gaps. Mosquito fauna of Croatian mountains showed a moderate variety and made 30.8% of the total number of recorded mosquito species in Croatia thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Bušić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Enrih Merdić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Osijek, Croatia
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12
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Hernández-Triana LM, Garza-Hernández JA, Ortega Morales AI, Prosser SWJ, Hebert PDN, Nikolova NI, Barrero E, de Luna-Santillana EDJ, González-Alvarez VH, Mendez-López R, Chan-Chable RJ, Fooks AR, Rodríguez-Pérez MA. An Integrated Molecular Approach to Untangling Host-Vector-Pathogen Interactions in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) From Sylvan Communities in Mexico. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:564791. [PMID: 33778029 PMCID: PMC7988227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.564791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are ~240 species of Culicidae in Mexico, of which some are vectors of arthropod-borne viruses such as Zika virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and West Nile virus. Thus, the identification of mosquito feeding preferences is paramount to understanding of vector–host–pathogen interactions that, in turn, can aid the control of disease outbreaks. Typically, DNA and RNA are extracted separately for animal (insects and blood meal hosts) and viral identification, but this study demonstrates that multiple organisms can be analyzed from a single RNA extract. For the first time, residual DNA present in standard RNA extracts was analyzed by DNA barcoding in concert with Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify both the mosquito species and the source of their meals in blood-fed females caught in seven sylvan communities in Chiapas State, Mexico. While mosquito molecular identification involved standard barcoding methods, the sensitivity of blood meal identification was maximized by employing short primers with NGS. In total, we collected 1,634 specimens belonging to 14 genera, 25 subgenera, and 61 morphospecies of mosquitoes. Of these, four species were new records for Mexico (Aedes guatemala, Ae. insolitus, Limatus asulleptus, Trichoprosopon pallidiventer), and nine were new records for Chiapas State. DNA barcode sequences for >300 bp of the COI gene were obtained from 291 specimens, whereas 130 bp sequences were recovered from another 179 specimens. High intraspecific divergence values (>2%) suggesting cryptic species complexes were observed in nine taxa: Anopheles eiseni (5.39%), An. pseudopunctipennis (2.79%), Ae. podographicus (4.05%), Culex eastor (4.88%), Cx. erraticus (2.28%), Toxorhynchites haemorrhoidalis (4.30%), Tr. pallidiventer (4.95%), Wyeomyia adelpha/Wy. guatemala (7.30%), and Wy. pseudopecten (4.04%). The study increased the number of mosquito species known from 128 species to 138 species for Chiapas State, and 239 for Mexico as a whole. Blood meal analysis showed that Aedes angustivittatus fed on ducks and chicken, whereas Psorophora albipes fed on humans. Culex quinquefasciatus fed on diverse hosts including chicken, human, turkey, and Mexican grackle. No arbovirus RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in the surveyed specimens. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that residual DNA present in RNA blood meal extracts can be used to identify host vectors, highlighting the important role of molecular approaches in both vector identification and revealing host–vector–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Research Group, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aldo I Ortega Morales
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Sean W J Prosser
- Center for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Center for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nadya I Nikolova
- Center for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elsa Barrero
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Research Group, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ramón Mendez-López
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Rahuel J Chan-Chable
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Research Group, Addlestone, United Kingdom
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Adeniran AA, Hernández-Triana LM, Ortega-Morales AI, Garza-Hernández JA, Cruz-Ramos JDL, Chan-Chable RJ, Vázquez-Marroquín R, Huerta-Jiménez H, Nikolova NI, Fooks AR, Rodríguez-Pérez MA. Identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mexico State, Mexico using morphology and COI DNA barcoding. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105730. [PMID: 33096064 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are commonly identified to species level using morphological traits, but complementary methods for identification are often necessary when specimens are collected as immature stages, stored inadequately, or when delineation of species complexes is problematic. DNA-barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one such tool used for the morphological identification of species. A comprehensive entomological survey of mosquito species in Mexico State identified by COI DNA barcoding and morphology is documented in this paper. Specimens were collected from all the physiographic provinces in Mexico State between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 2,218 specimens were collected from 157 localities representing both subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. A species checklist that consists of 6 tribes, 10 genera, 20 subgenera, and 51 species, 35 of which are new records for Mexico State, is provided. Three hundred and forty-two COI sequences of 46 species were analysed. Mean intraspecific and interspecific distances ranged between 0% to 3.9% and from 1.2% to 25.3%, respectively. All species groups were supported by high bootstraps values in a Neighbour-Joining analysis, and new COI sequences were generated for eight species: Aedes chionotum Zavortink, Ae. vargasi Schick, Ae. gabriel Schick, Ae. guerrero Berlin, Ae. ramirezi Vargas and Downs, Haemagogus mesodentatus Komp and Kumm, Culex restrictor Dyar and Knab, and Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald. This study provides a detailed inventory of the Culicidae from Mexico State and discusses the utility of DNA barcoding as a complementary tool for accurate mosquito species identification in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebiyi A Adeniran
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Blvd. del Maestro esquina Elías Piña s/n, Colonia Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Cd. Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Viral Zoonoses, Woodham Lane Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Aldo I Ortega-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Departamento de Parasitología, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, C.P. 27054, Coahuila, México
| | - Javier A Garza-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Av. Benjamin Franklin no. 4650, Zona PRONAF CP 32315, Chihuahua, México
| | - Josué de la Cruz-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Departamento de Parasitología, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, C.P. 27054, Coahuila, México
| | - Rahuel J Chan-Chable
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Departamento de Parasitología, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, C.P. 27054, Coahuila, México
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Marroquín
- Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Unidad Laguna, Departamento de Parasitología, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y carretera a Santa Fe, Torreón, C.P. 27054, Coahuila, México; Instituto de Salud del Estado de Chiapas, Jurisdicción Sanitaria No. X. 2ª. Norte 325, Centro, Motozintla, 30900, Chiapas, México
| | - Herón Huerta-Jiménez
- Departamento de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, 01480, Mexico City, México
| | - Nadya I Nikolova
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Virology Department, Rabies and Viral Zoonoses, Woodham Lane Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Mario A Rodríguez-Pérez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Blvd. del Maestro esquina Elías Piña s/n, Colonia Narciso Mendoza, 88710, Cd. Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
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Baharmand I, Coatsworth H, Peach DAH, Belton P, Lowenberger C. Molecular relationships of introduced Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in British Columbia, Canada using mitochondrial DNA. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:285-296. [PMID: 33207061 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) is a relatively recent immigrant to the Pacific Northwest, having been collected in Washington State in 2001 and in British Columbia (BC) since 2014. We applied a molecular barcoding approach to determine the phylogenetic relationship of Ae. j. japonicus populations in BC with those from around the world. We sequenced a 617 base-pair segment of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene and a 330 base-pair region of the NADH dehydrogenase 4 gene to find genetic variation and characterize phylogenetic and haplotypic relationships based on nucleotide divergences. Our results revealed low genetic diversity in the BC samples, suggesting that these populations arose from the same introduction event. However, our approach lacked the granularity to identify the exact country of origin of the Ae. j. japonicus collected in BC. Future efforts should focus on detecting and preventing new Ae. j. japonicus introductions, recognizing that current molecular techniques are unable to pin-point the precise source of an introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Baharmand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Heather Coatsworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel A H Peach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Belton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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15
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Sumruayphol S, Chaiphongpachara T, Samung Y, Ruangsittichai J, Cui L, Zhong D, Sattabongkot J, Sriwichai P. Seasonal dynamics and molecular differentiation of three natural Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Maculatus group (Neocellia series) in malaria hotspot villages of Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:574. [PMID: 33176862 PMCID: PMC7659066 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green, Anopheles maculatus Theobald and Anopheles pseudowillmori (Theobald) of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) are recognized as potential malaria vectors in many countries from the Indian subcontinent through Southeast Asia to Taiwan. A number of malaria vectors in malaria hotspot areas along the Thai-Myanmar border belong to this complex. However, the species distribution and dynamic trends remain understudied in this malaria endemic region. METHODS Mosquitoes of the Maculatus group were collected using CDC light traps every other week from four villages in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand from January to December 2015. Adult female mosquitoes were morphologically identified on site using taxonomic keys. Molecular species identification was performed by multiplex PCR based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and sequencing of the cox1 gene at a DNA barcoding region in a subset of 29 specimens. RESULTS A total of 1328 An. maculatus (sensu lato) female mosquitoes were captured with An. maculatus, An. sawadwongporni and An. pseudowilmori accounting for 75.2, 22.1 and 2.7% respectively. The field captured mosquitoes of the Maculatus group were most abundant in the wet season and had a preferred distribution in villages at higher elevations. The phylogenetic relationships of 29 cox1 sequences showed a clear-cut separation of the three member species of the Maculatus group, with the An. pseudowillmori cluster being separated from An. sawadwongporni and An. maculatus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides updated information for the species composition, seasonal dynamics and microgeographical distribution of the Maculatus group in malaria-endemic areas of western Thailand. This information can be used to guide the planning and implementation of mosquito control measures in the pursuance of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Sumruayphol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yudthana Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Ruangsittichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liwang Cui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchara Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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16
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Mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogeny of Haemagogus albomaculatus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus spegazzinii, and Haemagogus tropicalis (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16948. [PMID: 33046768 PMCID: PMC7550346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Haemagogus (Diptera: Culicidae) comprises species of great epidemiological relevance, involved in transmission cycles of the Yellow fever virus and other arboviruses in South America. So far, only Haemagogus janthinomys has complete mitochondrial sequences available. Given the unavailability of information related to aspects of the evolutionary biology and molecular taxonomy of this genus, we report here, the first sequencing of the mitogenomes of Haemagogus albomaculatus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Haemagogus spegazzinii, and Haemagogus tropicalis. The mitogenomes showed an average length of 15,038 bp, average AT content of 79.3%, positive AT-skews, negative GC-skews, and comprised 37 functional subunits (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA, and 02 rRNA). The PCGs showed ATN as start codon, TAA as stop codon, and signs of purifying selection. The tRNAs had the typical leaf clover structure, except tRNASer1. Phylogenetic analyzes of Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood, based on concatenated sequences from all 13 PCGs, produced identical topologies and strongly supported the monophyletic relationship between the Haemagogus and Conopostegus subgenera, and corroborated with the known taxonomic classification of the evaluated taxa, based on external morphological aspects. The information produced on the mitogenomes of the Haemagogus species evaluated here may be useful in carrying out future taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus.
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Changbunjong T, Weluwanarak T, Sedwisai P, Ruangsittichai J, Duvallet G, Chareonviriyaphap T. New records and DNA barcoding of deer flies, Chrysops (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105532. [PMID: 32497542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chrysops spp. or deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are hematophagous flies of medical and veterinary importance and some species are important vectors of Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra in Thailand. However, data regarding deer fly species and their molecular identification are limited. Accurate species identification will indicate the appropriate control measures. In this study, an entomological survey of deer flies from different sites in Thailand between May 2018 and June 2019 were conducted. In addition, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region was used for species identification. A total of 82 females were collected and 6 species were identified. Of these, three species are new records for Thailand: C. designatus, C. fuscomarginalis and C. vanderwulpi bringing the species total found in Thailand to nine. The COI sequences revealed an intraspecific divergence of 0.0%-2.65% and an interspecific divergence of 7.03%-13.47%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all deer fly species were clearly separated into distinct clusters according to morphologically identified species. These results indicated that COI barcodes were capable in discriminating between deer fly species on the basis of the barcoding gap and phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for species identification of deer flies in Thailand.
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18
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Simões RF, Wilke ABB, Chagas CRF, de Menezes RMT, Suesdek L, Multini LC, Silva FS, Grech MG, Marrelli MT, Kirchgatter K. Wing Geometric Morphometrics as a Tool for the Identification of Culex Subgenus Mosquitoes of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:E567. [PMID: 32854183 PMCID: PMC7563313 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Culex is the largest subgenus within the genus Culex that includes important vectors of diseases. The correct identification of mosquitoes is critical for effective control strategies. Wing geometric morphometrics (WGM) has been used to identify mosquito species alongside traditional identification methods. Here, WGM was used for eleven Culex species from São Paulo, Brazil, and one from Esquel, Argentina. Adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC (Centers for Disease Control) traps, morphologically identified and analyzed by WGM. The canonical variate analysis (CVA) was performed and a Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed to illustrate the patterns of species segregation. A cross-validated reclassification test was also carried out. From 110 comparisons in the cross-validated reclassification test, 87 yielded values higher than 70%, with 13 comparisons yielding 100% reclassification scores. Culexquinquefasciatus yielded the highest reclassification scores among the analyzed species, corroborating with the results obtained by the CVA, in which Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most distinct species. The high values obtained at the cross-validated reclassification test and in the NJ analysis as well as the segregation observed at the CVA made it possible to distinguish among Culex species with high degrees of confidence, suggesting that WGM is a reliable tool to identify Culex species of the subgenus Culex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli França Simões
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (L.S.); (F.S.S.); (M.T.M.)
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Carolina Romeiro Fernandes Chagas
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania;
- Applied Research Department, Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, SP 04301-905, Brazil
| | - Regiane Maria Tironi de Menezes
- Department of Specialized Laboratories, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (L.S.); (F.S.S.); (M.T.M.)
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Cristina Multini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Santos Silva
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (L.S.); (F.S.S.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Specialized Laboratories, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
| | - Marta Gladys Grech
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET and UNPSJB, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Sede Esquel, Esquel 9200, Chubut, Argentina;
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (L.S.); (F.S.S.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-904, Brazil;
| | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; (R.F.S.); (L.S.); (F.S.S.); (M.T.M.)
- Department of Specialized Laboratories, Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, SUCEN, São Paulo, SP 01027-000, Brazil;
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Kawada H, Futami K, Higa Y, Rai G, Suzuki T, Rai SK. Distribution and pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and possible phylogenetic reasons for the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Nepal. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:213. [PMID: 32321546 PMCID: PMC7178601 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background When the first systematic list of mosquitoes in Nepal was reported in 1990, there was no description of Aedes aegypti (L.), while Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been included in the Stegomyia subgroup since the 1950s. The first record of Ae. aegypti in Nepal was reported in 2009, suggesting some coincidence between the invasion of this species and the first record of dengue fever in Nepal in 2006. Results We performed a field survey of the distribution and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Nepal in 2017 and 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected from used tires located along the streets of Kathmandu, Bharatpur and Pokhara, and a simplified bioassay was used to assess the susceptibility of the larvae to pyrethroid insecticides using d-allethrin. The presence or absence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel was also detected by direct sequencing. V1016G was detected at a high frequency and a strong correlation was observed between the frequencies of V1016G and susceptibility indices in Ae. aegypti populations. F1534C was also detected at a relatively low frequency. In Ae. albopictus populations, susceptibilities to d-allethrin were high and no point mutations were detected. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was performed for assessing genetic diversity and the existence of two strains were identified in Ae. aegypti populations. One consisted of 9 globally-distributed haplotypes while the other was derived from an African haplotype. Conclusions The high pyrethroid resistance, high V1016G frequency, and relatively low quantity of insecticides used to control dengue vectors in Nepal may have resulted in only weak selection pressure favoring insecticide resistance and could support the hypothesis that this species has recently been introduced from neighboring Asian countries where pyrethroid resistance is relatively widespread.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kawada
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Futami
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Departmanet of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ganesh Rai
- Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Science, Kobe-Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shiba Kumar Rai
- Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Research Division, Nepal Medical College, Gokarneswor, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
This chapter deals with the core of the book, considering that insect-borne diseases are not only a human matter; there are important effects regarding plants and animals with enormous economic consequences and connected with our first interest: the production of food and its quality. In fact, it is useful to concentrate on the consequences of these diseases for our health, when this is part of the problem. Parasites are interested in any kind of appropriate host and we are generally a secondary target. Therefore, this chapter will be divided into three parts: diseases affecting mankind, animals, and plants. However, first let’s consider the general frame of this argument, whose roots are in the distant past. Plague caused the decline of villages, towns, and empires, changing the direction of history. Plague is no longer a menace to humanity, and this is clearly evidenced by the improvements of medicine and hygiene in the last centuries—but it can return. It depends, as in the past, on us. Several factors are changing the impact and the occurrence of insect-borne diseases, although most of general aspects are maintained and have been present for a long time. Thanks to recent analytic techniques, it is possible to explain new aspects of the presence and diffusion of these diseases, as well as their past, present, and future impacts. Information about the main current insect-borne diseases is reported and divided into four steps. First, the story of the plague is presented as the most important one in the past. Later, diseases affecting mankind, animals, and plants are reported. In particular, the influences of environmental change, introduction of alien species, and new alerts are considered. The outbreaks concerning malaria, Bluetongue, and Xylella are reported in detail as model cases of current interest. The scientific study of insect-borne diseases started about 100 years ago, but we have now accumulated a large quantity of data and research, whose quantity and quality are continuously increasing. However, information about the incidence in human activities is largely available.
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21
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Zhu HM, Luo SH, Gao M, Tao F, Gao JP, Chen HM, Li XY, Peng H, Ma YJ. Phylogeny of certain members of Hyrcanus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in China based on mitochondrial genome fragments. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:91. [PMID: 31647031 PMCID: PMC6806543 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Species of the Anopheles hyrcanus group are widely distributed in Palearctic and Oriental regions and some of them are important malaria vectors. The cryptic species of An. hyrcanus group was almost impossible to identify based only on their morphology. The phylogenetic relationship of An. hyrcanus group was also not clear. Methods Five members of An. hyrcanus group were identified by rDNA ITS2 sequencing as An. yatsushiroensis, An. belenrae, An. kleini, An. lesteri and An. sineroides. The mitochondrial genome fragments were sequenced and annotated using the mitochondrial genome of An. sinensis as reference. Based on the four segments and Joint Data sequences of these species, and other four anopheline species downloaded from GenBank, intraspecific as well as interspecific genetic distances were calculated and the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by the methods of neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood. Findings Four parts of mitochondrial genomes, which were partial fragments COI + tRNA + COII (F5), ATP6 + COIII(F7 + F8), ND1(F19) and lrRNA (F21), were obtained. All fragments were connected as one sequence (referred as Joint Data), which had a total length of 3393 bp. All fragment sequences were highly conservative within species, with the maximum p distance (0.026) calculated by F19 of An. belenrae. The pairwise interspecific p distance calculated by each fragment showed minor or even no difference among An. sinensis, An. kleini and An. belenrae. However, interspecific p distances calculated by the Joint Data sequence ranged from 0.004 (An. belenrae vs An. kleini) to 0.089 (An. sineroides vs An. minimus), and the p distances of the six members of An. hyrcanus group were all less than 0.029. The phylogenetic tree showed two major clades: all subgenus Anopheles species (including six members of An. hyrcanus group, An. atroparvus and An. quadrimaculatus A) and subgenus Cellia (including An. dirus and An. minimus). The An. hyrcanus group was divided into two clusters as ((An. lesteri, An. sineroides) An. yatsushiroensis) and ((An. belenrae, An. sinensis) An. kleini)). Conclusions The An. hyrcanus group in this study could be divided into two clusters, in one of which An. belenrae, An. sinensis and An. kleini were most closely related. More molecular markers would make greater contribution to phylogenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shu-Han Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Man Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing-Peng Gao
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Han-Ming Chen
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Heng Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Boerlijst SP, Trimbos KB, Van der Beek JG, Dijkstra KDB, Van der Hoorn BB, Schrama M. Field Evaluation of DNA Based Biodiversity Monitoring of Caribbean Mosquitoes. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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M Hernández-Triana L, A Brugman V, I Nikolova N, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Barrero E, Thorne L, Fernández de Marco M, Krüger A, Lumley S, Johnson N, R Fooks A. DNA barcoding of British mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) to support species identification, discovery of cryptic genetic diversity and monitoring invasive species. Zookeys 2019; 832:57-76. [PMID: 30930645 PMCID: PMC6435598 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.832.32257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct mosquito species identification is essential for mosquito and disease control programs. However, this is complicated by the difficulties in morphologically identifying some mosquito species. In this study, variation of a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase unit I (COI) gene was used for the molecular identification of British mosquito species and to facilitate the discovery of cryptic diversity, and monitoring invasive species. Three DNA extraction methods were compared to obtain DNA barcodes from adult specimens. In total, we analyzed 42 species belonging to the genera Aedes Meigen, 1818 (21 species), Anopheles Meigen, 1818 (7 species), Coquillettidia Theobald, 1904 (1 species), Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (6 species), Culiseta Felt, 1904 (7 species), and Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904 (1 species). Intraspecific genetic divergence ranged from 0% to 5.4%, while higher interspecific divergences were identified between Aedesgeminus Peus, 1971/Culisetalitorea (Shute, 1928) (24.6%) and Ae.geminus/An.plumbeus Stephens, 1828 (22.5%). Taxonomic discrepancy was shown between An.daciae Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach, 2004 and An.messeae Falleroni, 1828 indicating the poor resolution of the COI DNA barcoding region in separating these taxa. Other species such as Ae.cantans (Meigen, 1818)/Ae.annulipes (Meigen, 1830) showed similar discrepancies indicating some limitation of this genetic marker to identify certain mosquito species. The combination of morphology and DNA barcoding is an effective approach for the identification of British mosquitoes, for invasive mosquitoes posing a threat to the UK, and for the detection of hidden diversity within species groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A Brugman
- Vecotech Ltd., Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nadya I Nikolova
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Elsa Barrero
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Andreas Krüger
- Bunderswehr Hospital Hamburg, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Lumley
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L7 3EA, UK
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Makanda M, Kemunto G, Wamuyu L, Bargul J, Muema J, Mutunga J. Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Selected Ecological Regions in Kenya. F1000Res 2019; 8:262. [PMID: 32518622 PMCID: PMC7255902 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18262.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes play a predominant role as leading agents in the spread of vector-borne diseases and the consequent mortality in humans. Despite reports on increase of new and recurrent mosquito borne-disease outbreaks such as chikungunya, dengue fever and Rift Valley fever in Kenya, little is known about the genetic characteristics and diversity of the vector species that have been incriminated in transmission of disease pathogens. In this study, mosquito species were collected from Kisumu city, Kilifi town and Nairobi city and we determined their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. PCR was used to amplify the partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene of mosquito samples. Molecular-genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene were employed to identify their relationship with known mosquito species. Fourteen (14) haplotypes belonging to genus
Aedes, nine (9) haplotypes belonging to genus
Anopheles and twelve (12) haplotypes belonging to genus
Culex were identified in this study. Findings from this study revealed a potentially new haplotype belonging to
Anopheles genus and reported the first molecular characterization of
Aedes cumminsii in Kenya. Sequence results revealed variation in mosquito species from Kilifi, Kisumu and Nairobi. Since vector competence varies greatly across species as well as species-complexes and is strongly associated with specific behavioural adaptations, proper species identification is important for vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Makanda
- Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Gladys Kemunto
- Zoology Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Lucy Wamuyu
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Joel Bargul
- Biochemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Jackson Muema
- Biochemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - James Mutunga
- Biological Sciences Department, Mount Kenya University, Thika, P.O. Box 342-01000, Kenya
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Suesdek L. Microevolution of medically important mosquitoes - A review. Acta Trop 2019; 191:162-171. [PMID: 30529448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
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Yildirim A, Dik B, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Inci A. Genetic diversity of Culicoides species within the Pulicaris complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Turkey inferred from mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Acta Trop 2019; 190:380-388. [PMID: 30553894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges to species has become important due to their potential role in the transmission of arboviruses such as bluetongue virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, African horse sickness virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and Schmallenberg virus. In several studies, molecular tools, used for the identification of biting midges, revealed the presence of cryptic and undescribed species especially within Pulicaris complex. The presence of cryptic species within species complexes raise questions about their role in viral disease transmission as there are apparent differences in the vectorial capacity between closely related species. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences of species within the Pulicaris complex present in Turkey and determined their phylogenetic relationships. Twenty-one haplotypes within the already described species C. pulicaris P1, C. lupicaris, C. lupicaris L2, C. newsteadi, C. newsteadi N1, C. punctatus, C. fagineus F2 and C. flavipulicaris were determined from the study areas. The molecular analysis revealed further two haplotypes belonging to new non-described cryptic species named as C. lupicaris L3 and Culicoides WBS corresponding to C. lupicaris and Fagineus complex which diverged by 17.9% to 25.7% and 18.7% to 31.8%, respectively from other species in the subgenus Culicoides. Genetic divergence within species was <2.0% and phylogenetic analyses of the COI dataset revealed 22 different monophyletic separate clades within two major cluster. The results of this study emphasize the applicability of COI sequences as a diagnostic marker for differentiating Culicoides species and revealing cryptic species.
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A Novel Highly Divergent Strain of Cell Fusing Agent Virus (CFAV) in Mosquitoes from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120666. [PMID: 30477235 PMCID: PMC6315449 DOI: 10.3390/v10120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical insect-specific flaviviruses (cISFs) have been widely detected in different countries in the last decades. Here, we characterize the near full-length genomes of two cISFs detected in mosquitoes collected in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá, Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 105 pools of female mosquitos were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis identified three strains of cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) and two of Culex flavivirus (CxFV). All sequences were obtained from pools of Culex sp., except for one sequence of CFAV detected in a pool of Aedes aegypti. Both CxFV strains are phylogenetically related to a strain isolated in 2012 in the Southeast region of Brazil. The CFAV strains are the first of this species to be identified in Brazil and one of them is highly divergent from other strains of CFAV that have been detected worldwide. In conclusion, CFAV and CxFV, circulate in mosquitoes in Brazil. One strain of CFAV is highly divergent from others previously described, suggesting that a novel strain of CFAV is present in this region.
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Tahir HM, Noor A, Mehmood S, Sherawat SM, Qazi MA. Evaluating the accuracy of morphological identification of insect pests of rice crops using DNA barcoding. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2018; 3:1220-1224. [PMID: 33474470 PMCID: PMC7800583 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1532334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accurate identification of agricultural pests is key requirement for the successful integrated pest management (IPM) program. However, due to limitations of conventional morphological methods, other molecular method like DNA barcoding is used. The current study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of morphological identification of insect pests using DNA barcoding. Morphologically, a total of 247 insect pests, representing 10 families, 18 genera, 22 species were identified. However, molecular identifications confirmed the presence of 11 families, 16 genera, and 20 species of agricultural pests. A total of 59 specimens were processed for DNA barcoding but genomic sequences of mt COI gene up to 600 bp were revived from 48 samples. Specimens that were misidentified through morphological studies were placed to their appropriate taxon, using this molecular approach. Results revealed the existence of clear barcode gap for different pest species. Moreover, the values of distance with the nearest neighbour recorded were higher than the maximum intra-sequence divergences for all species. It is concluded that DNA barcoding is a reliable technique for identification of agricultural pests, especially for immature stages when morphometric studies are ambiguous and will be helpful in the development of more effective pest management options for regulating pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Noor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Karthika P, Vadivalagan C, Thirumurugan D, Kumar RR, Murugan K, Canale A, Benelli G. DNA barcoding of five Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors (Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui and Culex vishnui). Acta Trop 2018; 183:84-91. [PMID: 29625090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Culex mosquitoes can act as vectors of several important diseases, including Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis and equine encephalitis. Besides the neurological sequelae caused in humans, Japanese encephalitis can lead to abortion in sows and encephalitis in horses. Effective vector control and early diagnosis, along with continuous serosurveillance in animals, are crucial to fight this arboviral disease. However, the success of vector control operations is linked with the fast and reliable identification of targeted species, and knowledge about their biology and ecology. Since the DNA barcoding of Culex vectors of Japanese encephalitis is scarcely explored, here we evaluated the efficacy of this tool to identify and analyze the variations among five overlooked Culex vectors of Japanese encephalitis, Culex fuscocephala, Culex gelidus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui and Culex vishnui, relying to the analysis of mitochondrial CO1 gene. Variations in their base pair range were elucidated by the entropy Hx plot. The differences among individual conspecifics and on base pair range across the same were studied. The C (501-750 bp) region showed a moderate variation among all the selected species. C. tritaeniorhynchus exhibited the highest variation in all the ranges. The observed genetic divergence was partially non-discriminatory. i.e., the overall intra- and inter nucleotide divergence was 0.0920 (0.92%) and 0.125 (1.25%), respectively. However, 10X rule fits accurately intraspecies divergence <3% for the five selected Culex species. The analysis of individual scatter plots showed threshold values (10X) of 0.008 (0.08%), 0.005 (0.05%), 0.123 (1.23%), 0.033 (0.33%) and 0.019 (0.19%) for C. fuscocephala, C. gelidus, C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. pseudovishnui and C. vishnui, respectively. The C. tritaeniorhynchus haplotypes KU497604, KU497603, AB690847 and AB690854 exhibited the highest divergence range, i.e., from 0.465 -0.546. Comparatively, the intra-divergence among the other haplotypes of C. tritaeniorhynchus ranged from 0-0.056. The maximum parsimony tree was formed by distinctive conspecific clusters with appreciable branch values illustrating their close congruence and extensive genetic deviations. Overall, this study adds valuable knowledge to the molecular biology and systematics of five overlooked mosquito species acting as major vectors of Japanese encephalitis in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushparaj Karthika
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India; Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Durairaj Thirumurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rangaswamy Ravi Kumar
- Centre for Medical Entomology and Vector Control, National Center for Disease Control, M/o Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, 22-Shamnath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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30
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Benelli G. Managing mosquitoes and ticks in a rapidly changing world - Facts and trends. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:921-929. [PMID: 31303820 PMCID: PMC6600734 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks are on the rise. The effective and sustainable control of these arthropod vectors is a puzzling challenge for public health worldwide. In the present review, I attempted to provide a concise and updated overview of the current mosquito and tick research scenario. The wide array of control tools recently developed has been considered, with special reference to those approved by the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group (WHO VCAG), as well as novel ones with an extremely promising potential to be exploited in vector control programs. Concerning mosquitoes, a major focus has been given on genetically modified vectors, eave tubes, attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) and biocontrol agents. Regarding ticks, the recent development of highly effective repellents and acaricides (including nanoformulated ones) as well as behavior-based control tools, has been highlighted. In the second part of the review, key research questions about biology and control of mosquitoes and ticks have been critically formulated. A timely research agenda outlining hot issues to be addressed in mosquito and tick research is provided. Overall, it is expected that the present review will contribute to boost research and applications on successful mosquito and tick control strategies, along with an improved knowledge of their biology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Díez-Fernández A, Martínez-de la Puente J, Ruiz S, Gutiérrez-López R, Soriguer R, Figuerola J. Aedes vittatus in Spain: current distribution, barcoding characterization and potential role as a vector of human diseases. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:297. [PMID: 29773077 PMCID: PMC5958405 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes vittatus is currently found in Africa, Asia and Europe, where it acts as a vector of pathogens causing animal and human diseases (e.g. chikungunya, Zika and dengue). Like other Aedes species, Ae. vittatus is able to breed in artificial containers. The ECDC has recently highlighted the need for molecular tools (i.e. barcoding characterization) that enable Aedes species to be identified in entomological surveys. Results We sampled mosquito larvae and adults in southern Spain and used a molecular approach to amplify and sequence a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (barcoding region) of the mosquitoes. The blast comparison of the mosquito sequences isolated from Spain with those deposited in public databases provided a ≥ 99% similarity with sequences for two Aedes mosquitoes, Ae. vittatus and Ae. cogilli, while similarities with other Aedes species were ≤ 94%. Aedes cogilli is only present in India and there are no records of this species from Europe. Conclusions Due to the low genetic differences between Ae. vittatus and Ae. cogilli, the barcoding region should not be used as the only method for identifying Ae. vittatus, especially in areas where both of these Aedes species are present. This type of analysis should thus be combined with morphological identification using available keys and/or the characterization of other molecular markers. In addition, further entomological surveys should be conducted in order to identify the fine-scale distribution of this mosquito species in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Díez-Fernández
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Seville, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Seville, Spain.,Servicio de Control de Mosquitos, Diputación de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Rafael Gutiérrez-López
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Ramón Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Seville, Spain
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Weeraratne TC, Surendran SN, Parakrama Karunaratne SHP. DNA barcoding of morphologically characterized mosquitoes belonging to the subfamily Culicinae from Sri Lanka. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:266. [PMID: 29695263 PMCID: PMC5918568 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vectors of mosquito-borne diseases in Sri Lanka, except for malaria, belong to the subfamily Culicinae, which includes nearly 84% of the mosquito fauna of the country. Hence, accurate and precise species identification of culicine mosquitoes is a crucial factor in implementing effective vector control strategies. During the present study, a combined effort using morphology and DNA barcoding was made to characterize mosquitoes of the subfamily Culicinae for the first time from nine districts of Sri Lanka. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene from the mitochondrial genome and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region from the nuclear ribosomal DNA were used for molecular characterization. Results According to morphological identification, the field collected adult mosquitoes belonged to 5 genera and 14 species, i.e. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. pallidostriatus, Aedes sp. 1, Armigeres sp. 1, Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. whitmorei, Mansonia uniformis and Mimomyia chamberlaini. Molecular analyses of 62 cox1 and 36 ITS2 sequences were exclusively comparable with the morphological identifications of all the species except for Ae. pallidostriatus and Aedes sp. 1. Although the species identification of Armigeres sp. 1 specimens using morphological features was not possible during this study, DNA barcodes of the specimens matched 100% with the publicly available Ar. subalbatus sequences, giving their species status. Analysis of all the cox1 sequences (14 clades supported by strong bootstrap value in the Neighbor-Joining tree and interspecific distances of > 3%) showed the presence of 14 different species. This is the first available DNA sequence in the GenBank records for morphologically identified Ae. pallidostriatus. Aedes sp. 1 could not be identified morphologically or by publicly available sequences. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and all Culex species reported during the current study are vectors of human diseases. All these vector species showed comparatively high diversity. Conclusions The current study reflects the significance of integrated systematic approach and use of cox1 and ITS genetic markers in mosquito taxonomy. Results of DNA barcoding were comparable with morphological identifications and, more importantly, DNA barcoding could accurately identify the species in the instances where the traditional morphological identification failed due to indistinguishable characters of damaged specimens and the presence of subspecies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2810-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S H P Parakrama Karunaratne
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. .,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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Mishra P, Tyagi BK, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Biological nanopesticides: a greener approach towards the mosquito vector control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10151-10163. [PMID: 28721618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes, being a vector for some potentially dreadful diseases, pose a considerable threat to people all around the world. The control over the growth and propagation of mosquitoes comprises conventional pesticides, insect growth regulators and other microbial control agents. However, the usage of these common chemicals and conventional pesticides eventually has a negative impact on human health as well as the environment, which therefore becomes a major concern. The lacuna allows nanotechnology to come into action and exploit nanopesticides. Nanopesticides are majorly divided into two categories-synthetic and biological. Several nanoformulations serve as a promising nanopesticide viz. nanoparticles, e.g. biologically synthesised nanoparticles through plant extracts, nanoemulsions prepared using the essential oils like neem oil and citronella oil and nanoemulsion of conventional pesticides like pyrethroids. These green approaches of synthesising nanopesticides make use of non-toxic and biologically derived compounds and hence are eco-friendly with a better target specificity. Even though there are numerous evidences to show the effectiveness of these nanopesticides, very few efforts have been made to study the possible non-target effects on other organisms prevalent in the aquatic ecosystem. This study focuses on the role of these nanopesticides towards the vector control and its eco-safe property against the other non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Brij Kishore Tyagi
- Department of Zoology & Environment Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Ismail NA, Adilah-Amrannudin N, Hamsidi M, Ismail R, Dom NC, Ahmad AH, Mastuki MF, Camalxaman SN. The Genetic Diversity, Haplotype Analysis, and Phylogenetic Relationship of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Based on the Cytochrome Oxidase 1 Marker: A Malaysian Scenario. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1573-1581. [PMID: 28981849 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of Ae. albopictus from its native range in Southeast Asia has been implicated in the recent emergence of dengue endemicity in Malaysia. Genetic variability studies of Ae. albopictus are currently lacking in the Malaysian setting, yet are crucial to enhancing the existing vector control strategies. The study was conducted to establish the genetic variability of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA encoding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in Ae. albopictus. Twelve localities were selected in the Subang Jaya district based on temporal indices utilizing 120 mosquito samples. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to unveil the genetic variability and geographic origins of Ae. albopictus. The haplotype network was mapped to determine the genealogical relationship of sequences among groups of population in the Asian region. Comparison of Malaysian CO1 sequences with sequences derived from five Asian countries revealed genetically distinct Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sequences from other Asian countries descended from the same genetic lineage as the Malaysian sequences. Noteworthy, our study highlights the discovery of 20 novel haplotypes within the Malaysian population which to date had not been reported. These findings could help determine the genetic variation of this invasive species, which in turn could possibly improve the current dengue vector surveillance strategies, locally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul-Ain Ismail
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Adilah-Amrannudin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayamin Hamsidi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rodziah Ismail
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fahmi Mastuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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35
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Weeraratne TC, Surendran SN, Reimer LJ, Wondji CS, Perera MDB, Walton C, Parakrama Karunaratne SHP. Molecular characterization of Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of Sri Lanka. Malar J 2017; 16:234. [PMID: 28578667 PMCID: PMC5457728 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in Sri Lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. Taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. A combined effort, using morphology and DNA barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, was made during the present study to recognize anophelines collected from eight districts of Sri Lanka for the first time. METHODS Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ITS2 regions of morphologically identified anopheline mosquitoes from Sri Lanka were sequenced. These sequences together with GenBank sequences were used in phylogenetic tree construction and molecular characterization of mosquitoes. RESULTS According to morphological identification, the field-collected adult mosquitoes belonged to 15 species, i.e., Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles jamesii, Anopheles karwari, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles pallidus, Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles pseudojamesi, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles tessellatus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles varuna. However, analysis of 123 COI sequences (445 bp) (16 clades supported by strong bootstrap value in the neighbour joining tree and inter-specific distances of >3%) showed that there are 16 distinct species. Identity of the morphologically identified species, except An. subpictus, was comparable with the DNA barcoding results. COI sequence analysis showed that morphologically identified An. subpictus is composed of two genetic entities: An. subpictus species A and species B (inter-specific K2P distance 0.128). All the four haplotypes of An. culicifacies discovered during the present study belonged to a single species. ITS2 sequences (542 bp) were obtained for all the species except for An. barbirostris, An. subpictus species B, An. tessellatus, and An. varuna. Each of these sequences was represented by a single species-specific haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study reflects the importance and feasibility of COI and ITS2 genetic markers in identifying anophelines and their sibling species, and the significance of integrated systematic approach in mosquito taxonomy. Wide distribution of malaria vectors in the country perhaps indicates the potential for re-emergence of malaria in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini C Weeraratne
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Lisa J Reimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Catherine Walton
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S H P Parakrama Karunaratne
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. .,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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Vadivalagan C, Karthika P, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Del Serrone P, Benelli G. Exploring genetic variation in haplotypes of the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) through DNA barcoding. Acta Trop 2017; 169:43-50. [PMID: 28126462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of many pathogens and parasites of humans, as well as domestic and wild animals. In urban and semi-urban Asian countries, Cx. quinquefasciatus is a main vector of nematodes causing lymphatic filariasis. In the African region, it vectors the Rift Valley fever virus, while in the USA it transmits West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis virus. In this study, DNA barcoding was used to explore the genetic variation of Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from 88 geographical regions. We presented a comprehensive approach analyzing the effectiveness of two gene markers, i.e. CO1 and 16S rRNA. The high threshold genetic divergence of CO1 (0.47%) gene was reported as an ideal marker for molecular identification of this mosquito vector. Furthermore, null substitutions were lower in CO1 if compared to 16S rRNA, which influenced its differentiating potential among Indian haplotypes. NJ tree was well supported with high branch values for CO1 gene than 16S rRNA, indicating ideal genetic differentiation among haplotypes. TCS haplotype network revealed 14 distinct clusters. The intra- and inter-population polymorphism were calculated among the global and Indian Cx. quinquefasciatus lineages. The genetic diversity index Tajima' D showed negative values for all the 4 intra-population clusters (G2-4, G10). Fu's FS showed negative value for G10 cluster, which was significant and indicated recent population expansion. However, the G2-G4 (i.e. Indian lineages) had positive values, suggesting a bottleneck effect. Overall, our research firstly shed light on the genetic differences among the haplotypes of Cx. quinquefasciatus species complex, adding basic knowledge to the molecular ecology of this important mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparaj Karthika
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Paola Del Serrone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Animal Production Research Centre, Via Salaria 31, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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The human immune system’s response to carcinogenic and other infectious agents transmitted by mosquito vectors. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fernández de Marco M, Brugman V, Hernández-Triana L, Thorne L, Phipps L, Nikolova N, Fooks A, Johnson N. Detection of Theileria orientalis in mosquito blood meals in the United Kingdom. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kumar PM, Murugan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Chandramohan B, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Nicoletti M, Alsalhi MS, Devanesan S, Wei H, Kalimuthu K, Hwang JS, Lo Iacono A, Benelli G. Biosynthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of Berberis tinctoria-fabricated silver nanoparticles against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the mosquito predators Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:751-9. [PMID: 26499804 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is an important arbovirus vector, including dengue. Currently, there is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using a cheap leaf extract of Berberis tinctoria as reducing and stabilizing agent and tested against Ae. albopictus and two mosquito natural enemies. AgNPs were characterized by using UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In laboratory conditions, the toxicity of AgNPs was evaluated on larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus. Suitability Index/Predator Safety Factor was assessed on Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. The leaf extract of B. tinctoria was toxic against larval instars (I–IV) and pupae of Ae. albopictus; LC50 was 182.72 ppm (I instar), 230.99 ppm (II), 269.65 ppm (III), 321.75 ppm (IV), and 359.71 ppm (pupa). B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs were highly effective, with LC50 of 4.97 ppm (I instar), 5.97 ppm (II), 7.60 ppm (III), 9.65 ppm (IV), and 14.87 ppm (pupa). Both the leaf extract and AgNPs showed reduced toxicity against the mosquito natural enemies M. thermocyclopoides and T. splendens. Overall, this study firstly shed light on effectiveness of B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs as an eco-friendly nanopesticide, highlighting the concrete possibility to employ this newer and safer tool in arbovirus vector control programs.
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Ajamma YU, Mararo E, Omondi D, Onchuru T, Muigai AWT, Masiga D, Villinger J. Rapid and high throughput molecular identification of diverse mosquito species by high resolution melting analysis. F1000Res 2016; 5:1949. [PMID: 27703667 PMCID: PMC5031131 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are a diverse group of invertebrates, with members that are among the most important vectors of diseases. The correct identification of mosquitoes is paramount to the control of the diseases that they transmit. However, morphological techniques depend on the quality of the specimen and often unavailable taxonomic expertise, which may still not be able to distinguish mosquitoes among species complexes (sibling and cryptic species). High resolution melting (HRM) analyses, a closed-tube, post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method used to identify variations in nucleic acid sequences, has been used to differentiate species within the
Anopheles gambiae and
Culex pipiens complexes. We validated the use of PCR-HRM analyses to differentiate species within
Anopheles and within each of six genera of culicine mosquitoes, comparing primers targeting cytochrome b (
cyt b), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), intergenic spacer region (IGS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (
COI) gene regions. HRM analyses of amplicons from all the six primer pairs successfully differentiated two or more mosquito species within one or more genera (
Aedes (
Ae. vittatus from
Ae. metallicus),
Culex (
Cx. tenagius from
Cx. antennatus,
Cx. neavei from
Cx. duttoni, cryptic
Cx. pipiens species),
Anopheles (
An. gambiae s.s. from
An. arabiensis) and
Mansonia (
Ma. africana from
Ma. uniformis)) based on their HRM profiles. However, PCR-HRM could not distinguish between species within
Aedeomyia (
Ad. africana and
Ad. furfurea),
Mimomyia (
Mi. hispida and
Mi. splendens) and
Coquillettidia (
Cq. aurites,
Cq. chrysosoma,
Cq. fuscopennata,
Cq. metallica,
Cq. microannulatus,
Cq. pseudoconopas and
Cq. versicolor) genera using any of the primers. The IGS and COI barcode region primers gave the best and most definitive separation of mosquito species among anopheline and culicine mosquito genera, respectively, while the other markers may serve to confirm identifications of closely related sub-species. This approach can be employed for rapid identification of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ukamaka Ajamma
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Botany (Genetics), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Enock Mararo
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Omondi
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya; Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thomas Onchuru
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI-CE), Jena, Germany; Department for Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne W T Muigai
- Department of Botany (Genetics), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Daniel Masiga
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jandouwe Villinger
- Martin Lüscher Emerging Infectious Diseases (ML-EID) Laboratory, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Benelli G. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: a review. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:23-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Eugenol, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene from Plectranthus barbatus essential oil as eco-friendly larvicides against malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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