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Noorazlan NAA, Camalxaman SN, Mohamed E, Haron N, Rambely AS, Dom NC, Ramli S. Larvicidal potential of plant-based extracts against dengue vector: A short review. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:203-208. [PMID: 38555906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue fever, a vector borne disease transmitted primarily by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, has triggered a significant global resurgence. While many vector control programs depend on the use of chemical insecticides to curb outbreaks, its heavy reliance raises environmental concerns and the risk of insecticide resistance. Alternatively, botanically derived insecticidal agents with larvicidal properties offer an ecofriendlier option. This review aims to analyze scientific reports that described the effectiveness of plant-derived extracts for vector control. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed to analyze studies that focused on plant-based extracts used for larvicidal purposes using databases such as Science Direct. Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria for publications were larvicidal effects, published in English from the year 2017 and availability of full-text articles. The available literature was further characterized by the value of larvicidal activities of LC50 and LC90 (< 50 ppm), of 22 different parts of plant species from 7 plant families namely Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae and Rubiaceae. RESULTS When comparing the values of LC50, 12 plants species (Artemisia vulgaris, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Echinops grijsii, Melaleuca leucadendra, Neolitsea ellipsoidea, Pavetta tomentosa, Piper betle, Piper caninum, Piper Montium, Piper muntabile, Piper ovatum, Tarenna asiatica) showed promising larvicidal efficacies with LC50 < 10 ppm. CONCLUSION This review emphasizes the effective alternatives of plant extracts for the potential production of larvicides. Piper betle extract and chloroform extract of Tarenna asiatica reported the most significant larvicidal activity (LC50 < 1 ppm) against mosquito vectors. Further reviews focusing on the mode of actions of its phytochemically constituents are essential for the future development of potentially significant plant-based larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A A Noorazlan
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Camalxaman
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - E Mohamed
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Haron
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A S Rambely
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N C Dom
- Integrated Mosquito Research Group (IMeRGe) University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ramli
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cheong NDH, Mohamed E, Haron N, Camalxaman SN, Abdullah A, Mohamad Yusof MI, Ishak AR, Ab-Rahim S, Eshak Z, Tualeka AR. Phytochemical quantification and HPLC analysis of Parkia speciosa pod extract. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:34-39. [PMID: 38555883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkia speciosa Hassk., commonly known as bitter bean or twisted cluster bean, is a tropical leguminous plant species native to Southeast Asia. The plant's edible pods have been traditionally used in various cuisines, particularly in Malaysian, Thai, and Indonesian cooking. Apart from being used as a food ingredient, the pods of P. speciosa also have a range of potential applications in other fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. The pods are said to have several phytochemicals that hold great therapeutic values such as reducing inflammation, improving digestion, and lowering blood sugar levels. However, there is limited information on the specific phytochemical contents of the pods in the literature. Thus, the aim of this study is to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and to determine the concentrations of four selected phytochemical compounds in the P. speciosa pod extract (PSPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantification of the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in PSPE were done via colourimetric methods; and the determination of the concentrations of four specific phytochemicals (gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and quercetin) were done via High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Colourimetric determination of PSPE showed TPC and TFC values of 84.53±9.40 mg GAE/g and 11.96±4.51 mg QE/g, respectively. Additional analysis of the phytochemicals using HPLC revealed that there were 6.45±3.36 g/kg, 5.91±1.07 g/kg, 0.39±0.84 g/kg, and 0.19±0.47 g/kg of caffeic acid, gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings show that PSPE contains substantial amounts of caffeic acid, gallic acid, rutin, and quercetin, which may indicate its potential as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid, and antiviral medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D H Cheong
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E Mohamed
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Haron
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Camalxaman
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Abdullah
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M I Mohamad Yusof
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Biology, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A R Ishak
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ab-Rahim
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Eshak
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A R Tualeka
- Airlangga University, Public Health Faculty, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Indonesia
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Nur-Farahiyah AN, Kumar K, Yasmin AR, Omar AR, Camalxaman SN. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Canine Parvovirus in a Malayan Tiger. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:660046. [PMID: 34414223 PMCID: PMC8369201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.660046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve Felidae in the wild may harbor infectious viruses of importance due to cross-species transmission between the domesticated animals or human–wildlife contact. However, limited information is available on virus shedding or viremia in the captive wild felids, especially in Malaysia. Four infectious viruses of cat, feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine parvovirus (CPV), were screened in leopards, feral cats, and tigers in Malaysia based on virus isolation in Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells, PCR/RT-PCR, and whole-genome sequencing analysis of the positive isolate. From a total of 36 sera collected, 11 samples showed three consecutive cytopathic effects in the cell culture and were subjected to PCR using specific primers for FHV, FCV, CDV, and CPV. Only one sample from a Malayan tiger was detected positive for CPV. The entire viral genome of CPV (UPM-CPV15/P. tigris jacksoni; GenBank Accession number MW380384) was amplified using the Sanger sequencing approach. Genome sequencing of the isolate revealed 99.13, 98.65, and 98.40% close similarity to CPV-31, CPV-d Cornell #320, and CPV-15 strains, respectively, and classified as CPV-2a. Time-scaled Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility tree for the non-structural (NS) genes of CPV showed a close relationship to the isolates CPV-CN SD6_2014 and KSU7-SD_2004 from China and USA, respectively, while the capsid gene showed the same ancestor as the FPV-BJ04 strain from China. The higher evolution rate of the capsid protein (CP) (VP 1 and VP2) [1.649 × 10−5 (95% HPD: 7.626 × 10−3 to 7.440 × 10−3)] as compared to the NS gene [1.203 × 10−4 (95% HPD: 6.663 × 10−3 to 6.593 × 10−3)] was observed in the CPV from this study, and fairly higher than other parvovirus species from the Protoparvovirus genus. Genome sequencing of the isolated CPV from a Malayan tiger in the present study provides valuable information about the genomic characteristics of captive wild felids, which may add information on the presence of CPV in species other than dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nadzri Nur-Farahiyah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kiven Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
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Dom NC, Alhothily IA, Camalxaman SN, Ismail SNS. Data on biology and demographic parameters of the Aedes albopictus from dengue outbreaks in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data Brief 2020; 31:105882. [PMID: 32642511 PMCID: PMC7334299 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, data on the demographic parameters of the Aedes albopictus were collected from those areas in Shah Alam, Malaysia that had experienced a dengue outbreak. The surveys were conducted from March to December 2017. The eggs of the Ae. albopictus were collected using ovitraps, and were analysed based on the demographic parameters in a controlled environment in an insectarium. The data were comprised of four types of biological information on the life demographic parameters of the Ae. albopictus that were monitored based on specific localities. The data were inferred information regarding egg productivity (n), egg development (%), immature development (days), and survivorship (days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazri Che Dom
- Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Integrated Mosquito Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Alhothily
- Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- Centre of Environmental Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
Medium-Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) are saturated fats with aliphatic rings of 6-12 carbons. It is widely accepted that the metabolism of MCFA induces ketogenesis in the liver. Ketone bodies have been suggested to produce larger amounts of energy compared to glucose. Its benefit in providing an alternative source of energy has been as one of the strategies to prevent disease development especially those diseases that are associated with glucose metabolism or mitochondrial dysfunction. The current review highlights the nutritional impacts of MCFA and its utilization in disease therapy.
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Adilah-Amrannudin N, Hamsidi M, Ismail NA, Dom NC, Ismail R, Ahmad AH, Mastuki MF, Yusoff FHM, Adam NFM, Camalxaman SN. Aedes albopictus in urban and forested areas of Malaysia: A study of mitochondrial sequence variation using the CO1 marker. Trop Biomed 2018; 35:639-652. [PMID: 33601751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the use of a long fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) marker to elucidate the genetic diversity of Aedes albopictus sampled from urban and forested regions in Peninsular and East Malaysia. A total of 36 samples were collected from 5 localities from which its genetic variability was analysed. 33 distinct mtDNA haplotypes were identified following the amplification and sequencing of the concatenated CO1 gene. The analysed region of the CO1 gene identified substantial levels of genetic diversity among mosquitoes in urban populations and revealed unique genealogical relationships between local isolates as revealed in the haplotype network. This study highlights the reliability of the long CO1 fragment to identify genetic divergence of Aedes albopictus which can be utilized in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adilah-Amrannudin
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Hamsidi
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N-A Ismail
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N C Dom
- Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Mosquito Research Group (I-MeRGe), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Ismail
- Centre of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Mosquito Research Group (I-MeRGe), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A H Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - M F Mastuki
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F H M Yusoff
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N F M Adam
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N Camalxaman
- Centre of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrated Mosquito Research Group (I-MeRGe), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ismail NA, Adilah-Amrannudin N, Hamsidi M, Ismail R, Dom NC, Ahmad AH, Mastuki MF, Camalxaman SN. The Genetic Diversity, Haplotype Analysis, and Phylogenetic Relationship of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Based on the Cytochrome Oxidase 1 Marker: A Malaysian Scenario. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:1573-1581. [PMID: 28981849 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion of Ae. albopictus from its native range in Southeast Asia has been implicated in the recent emergence of dengue endemicity in Malaysia. Genetic variability studies of Ae. albopictus are currently lacking in the Malaysian setting, yet are crucial to enhancing the existing vector control strategies. The study was conducted to establish the genetic variability of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA encoding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in Ae. albopictus. Twelve localities were selected in the Subang Jaya district based on temporal indices utilizing 120 mosquito samples. Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to unveil the genetic variability and geographic origins of Ae. albopictus. The haplotype network was mapped to determine the genealogical relationship of sequences among groups of population in the Asian region. Comparison of Malaysian CO1 sequences with sequences derived from five Asian countries revealed genetically distinct Ae. albopictus populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sequences from other Asian countries descended from the same genetic lineage as the Malaysian sequences. Noteworthy, our study highlights the discovery of 20 novel haplotypes within the Malaysian population which to date had not been reported. These findings could help determine the genetic variation of this invasive species, which in turn could possibly improve the current dengue vector surveillance strategies, locally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul-Ain Ismail
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Adilah-Amrannudin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayamin Hamsidi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rodziah Ismail
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fahmi Mastuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Adilah-Amrannudin N, Hamsidi M, Ismail NA, Ismail R, Dom NC, Ahmad AH, Mastuki MF, Basri TSATA, Khalid A, Muslim M, Daud NAA, Camalxaman SN. Genetic Polymorphism of Aedes albopictus Population Inferred From ND5 Gene Variabilities In Subang Jaya, Malaysia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2016; 32:265-272. [PMID: 28206858 DOI: 10.2987/16-6579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to establish the genetic variability of Aedes albopictus within Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, by using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 5 subunit (ND5) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. A total of 90 samples were collected from 9 localities within an area of the Subang Jaya Municipality. Genetic variability was determined through the amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the ND5 gene. Eight distinct mtDNA haplotypes were identified. The evolutionary relationship of the local haplotypes alongside 28 reference strains was used to construct a phylogram, the analysis of which revealed low genetic differentiation in terms of both nucleotide and haplotype diversity. Bayesian method was used to infer the phylogenetic tree, revealing a unique relationship between local isolates. The study corroborates the reliability of ND5 to identify distinct lineages for polymorphism-based studies and supplements the existing body of knowledge regarding its genetic diversity. This in turn could potentially aid existing vector control strategies to help mitigate the risk and spread of the dengue virus.
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Che Dom N, Faiz Madzlan M, Nadira Yusoff SN, Hassan Ahmad A, Ismail R, Nazrina Camalxaman S. Profile distribution of juvenileAedesspecies in an urban area of Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:237-45. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Ismail NA, Ismail MF, Noor SSMD, Camalxaman SN. Genotypic Detection of rpoB and katG Gene Mutations Associated with Rifampicin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates: A Local Scenario (Kelantan). Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:22-26. [PMID: 27540322 PMCID: PMC4975585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a public health issue that is of major concern on a global scale. The characterisation of clinical isolates may provide key information regarding the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance, and helps to augment therapeutic options. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of gene mutations associated with Rifampicin (RIF) and Isoniazid (INH) resistance among nine clinical isolates. METHODS A total of nine drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were screened for genetic mutations in rpoB and katusing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Genotypic analysis was performed to detect the mutations in the sequence of the target genes. RESULTS Our findings reveal that 80% of the isolates possess mutations at codon 119 (His119Tyr) and 135 (Arg135Trp and Ser135Leu) within the rpoB gene; and 70% possess mutations in the katG gene at codon 238 with amino acid change (Leu238Arg). CONCLUSION Findings from this study provide an overview of the current situation of RIF and INH resistance in a hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) located in Kelantan, Malaysia, which could facilitate molecular-based detection methods of drug-resistant strains. Further information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance in RR-/MDR-TB should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul-Ain Ismail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suraiya MD Noor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ismail NA, Dom NC, Ismail R, Ahmad AH, Zaki A, Camalxaman SN. Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Sequence Analysis of Aedes Albopictus in Malaysia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2015; 31:305-312. [PMID: 26675451 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-04-305-312.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to establish polymorphic variation of the mitochondrial DNA encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in Aedes albopictus isolated from 2 hot spot dengue-infested areas in the Subang Jaya District, Malaysia. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with the use of sequences obtained from USJ6 and Taman Subang Mas (TSM). Comparison of the local CO1 sequences with a laboratory strain (USM), alongside reference strains derived from the GenBank database revealed low genetic variation in terms of nucleotide differences and haplotype diversity. Four methods were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and illustrate the genetic relationship of the 37 Ae. albopictus populations based on the CO1 sequences, namely neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian method, which revealed a distinct relationship between isolates from USJ6 and TSM. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity among morphologically similar Ae. albopictus, which has not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul-Ain Ismail
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Che Dom
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rodziah Ismail
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Ahmad
- 2 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Afiq Zaki
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nazrina Camalxaman
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Camalxaman SN, Zeenathul NA, Quah YW, Zuridah H, Loh HS. New estimates of CMV seroprevalence in Malaysia. Where do we go from here? Med J Malaysia 2012; 67:231. [PMID: 22822655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Camalxaman SN, Zeenathul NA, Quah YW, Loh HS, Zuridah H, Sheikh-Omar AR, Mohd-Azmi ML. Cross-reactivity of Malaysian rat cytomegalovirus strains with its human counterpart. Trop Biomed 2011; 28:661-667. [PMID: 22433897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study probes into the prospect of cross-reactivity of HCMV with RCMV which has not been acknowledged to date. We describe the uncovering of a protein with an estimated size of between 61-68 kDa from local RCMV strains which reacted with HCMV positive sera. Our findings are a first disclosure of a plausible immunological cross-reactivity between RCMV with its human counterpart which grounds substantial interest implying existence of conserved determinants between rat and human CMV polypeptides. The cross-reactive protein most likely represents an enveloped glycoprotein, though the precise identification and its degree of similarity needs to be evidently defined and further elucidated in forthcoming experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Camalxaman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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