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Ni CH, Wang MT, Lu YQ, Zheng W, Chen C, Zheng B. Association between a family history of cancer and multiple primary lung cancer risks: a population-based analysis from China. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:415. [PMID: 37907909 PMCID: PMC10619319 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has increased in recent years. The risk factors of MPLC are not well studied, especially in the Asian population. This case-control study investigated the association between a family history of cancer and MPLC risk. METHODS We used data from people who surgically confirmed MPLC with at least 2 nodes of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and matched 1:2 normal individuals as controls between 2016 and 2017. Information on age, sex, lifestyle, personal history, and family history of cancer was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS We included 2 104 patients. In total, 321 patients with histologically confirmed MPLC and 642 healthy controls were studied. The significantly higher ratio of current smokers was observed for the cases than the controls (54.1% vs. 30.0%). A family history of LC in first-degree relatives of the cases reported a significantly higher proportion than in the controls (15.3% vs. 8.6%). Family history of all cancers and LC significantly increased the risk of MPLC (OR = 1.64, P = 0.009 and OR = 2.59, P = 0.000, respectively). The multivariate analysis identified a significantly increased risk of MPLC (OR = 2.45, P = 0.000) associated with parents and siblings influenced by LC history. The younger age (aged < 55 years) of LC cases at diagnosis exhibited a significantly increased risk of MPLC (OR = 2.39, P = 0.000). A significant association with a family history of LC was found for male squamous carcinoma and male adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.59, p = 0.037 and OR = 1.64, p = 0.032, respectively). A positive association with LC history was only observed for female adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.23, p = 0.028). The risk of MPLC was not significantly associated with A family history of cancers in non-smokers (OR = 0.91, P = 0.236). Ever-smokers with a positive family history of cancer or LC had a significantly elevated risk of MPLC (OR = 4.01, P = 0.000 and OR = 6.49, P = 0.000, respectively). We also observed a very elevated risk for smokers with no family history (OR = 3.49, P = 0.000). Such a positive association was also observed in ever-smokers with no family history of LC (OR = 3.55, P = 0.000). Adenocarcinoma in females was prevalent and significantly associated with a family history of LC in risk of MPLC compared with other histologic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between a family history of LC and MPLC risk among an Asian population. Smoking status and family history of LC have a synergistic effect on MPLC. These findings indicate that MPLC exhibits familiar aggregation and that inherited genetic susceptibility may contribute to the development of MPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Mu-Ting Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Qi Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Yin X, Chan CPY, Seow A, Yau WP, Seow WJ. Association between family history and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21862. [PMID: 34750403 PMCID: PMC8575905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors of lung cancer unrelated to smoking are not well-studied, especially among women. Family history has been shown to play a role in predisposing individuals to lung cancer, but this relationship has not been investigated in the Southeast Asian population. A total of 1159 women were recruited in a case-control study conducted in public hospitals in Singapore from 2005 to 2008. After excluding participants with incomplete family history information, 374 cases and 785 controls remained in the final analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, family history of lung cancer was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.25-3.47). When stratified by smoking status, a significant association was observed among never-smokers (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.57-4.90). Further stratification by fruit consumption identified a significant association between family history of lung cancer and higher risk of lung cancer among never-smokers who had low fruit consumption (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.37-7.01). Our findings suggest that family history of lung cancer is a significant risk factor for lung cancer in Singaporean Chinese women, especially among never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Pui Yi Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Wai-Ping Yau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Lin H, Zhang G, Zhang XC, Lian XL, Zhong WZ, Su J, Chen SL, Wu YL. Germline variation networks in the PI3K/AKT pathway corresponding to familial high-incidence lung cancer pedigrees. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1209. [PMID: 33297998 PMCID: PMC7724858 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There were scarcely germline variants of familial lung cancer (LC) identified. We conducted an study with whole-exome sequencing of pedigrees with familial lung cancer to analyze the potential genetic susceptibility. Methods Probands with the highest hereditary background were identified by our large-scale epidemiological study and five ones were enrolled as a learning set. The germline SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) of other five similar probands, four healthy individuals in the formerly pedigrees and three patients with sporadic LC were used as a validation set, controlled by three healthy individuals without family history of any cancer. The network of mutated genes was generated using STRING-DB and visualized using Cytoscape. Results Specific and shared somatic mutations and germline SNPs were not the shared cause of familial lung cancer. However, individual germline SNPs showed distinct protein-protein interaction network patterns in probands versus healthy individuals and patients with sporadic lung cancer. SNP-containing genes were enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results were validated in the validation set. Furthermore, patients with familial lung cancer were distinguished by many germline variations in the PI3K/AKT pathway by a simple SVM classification method. It is worth emphasizing that one person with many germline variations in the PI3K/AKT pathway developed lung cancer during follow-up. Conclusions The phenomenon that the enrichments of germline SNPs in the PI3K/AKT pathway might be a major predictor of familial susceptibility to lung cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07528-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111, Dade Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, 601, Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, 601, Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shi-Liang Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Pan Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Kang X, Liu Z, Owzar K, Han Y, Su L, Wei Y, Hung RJ, Brhane Y, McLaughlin J, Brennan P, Bickeböller H, Rosenberger A, Houlston RS, Caporaso N, Teresa Landi M, Heinrich J, Risch A, Wu X, Ye Y, Christiani DC, Amos CI, Wei Q. Associations between genetic variants in mRNA splicing-related genes and risk of lung cancer: a pathway-based analysis from published GWASs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44634. [PMID: 28304396 PMCID: PMC5356340 DOI: 10.1038/srep44634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA splicing is an important mechanism to regulate mRNA expression. Abnormal regulation of this process may lead to lung cancer. Here, we investigated the associations of 11,966 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 206 mRNA splicing-related genes with lung cancer risk by using the summary data from six published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) (12,160 cases and 16,838 controls) and another two lung cancer GWASs of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1,319 cases and 26,380 controls). We found that a total of 12 significant SNPs with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05 were mapped to one novel gene PRPF6 and two previously reported genes (DHX16 and LSM2) that were also confirmed in this study. The six novel SNPs in PRPF6 were in high linkage disequilibrium and associated with PRPF6 mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cells from 373 Europeans in the 1000 Genomes Project. Taken together, our studies shed new light on the role of mRNA splicing genes in the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchu Pan
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaozheng Kang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Li Su
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Yoo SS, Lee SM, Do SK, Lee WK, Kim DS, Park JY. Unmethylation of the CHRNB4 gene is an unfavorable prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 86:85-90. [PMID: 25172267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is currently a major health problem owing to difficulties in diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Changes in DNA methylation status have now been identified as a critical component in the initiation of lung cancer, and the detection of DNA methylation is expected to be an important method for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Nicotine, the principal tobacco alkaloid, directly contributes to lung carcinogenesis through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the role of the CHRNB4 gene, which encodes the nAchR β4 subunit that is ubiquitously expressed on lung epithelial cells, we analyzed its methylation status in 266 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and compared it with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The frequency of CHRNB4 unmethylation was 13.5% and 8.3% in malignant and nonmalignant tissues, respectively. CHRNB4 demethylation was associated with upregulation of its mRNA expression and was more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma and pathological stages II-IIIA disease than in adenocarcinoma and pathological stage I disease, respectively (P=0.003 and P=0.01, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CHRNB4 unmethylation was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival in the entire patient group as well as in men and ever-smokers. These results suggest that epigenetic regulation of CHRNB4 may affect tumor progression and survival in patients with NSCLC. Further investigation into the molecular basis of the role of CHRNB4 in the progression of NSCLC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Man Lee
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101 Dongin-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 2-101 Dongin-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-422, Republic of Korea.
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Wang G, Wang W, Gao W, Lv J, Fang J. Two functional polymorphisms in microRNAs and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2693-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Gu M, Dong X, Zhang X, Wang X, Qi Y, Yu J, Niu W. Strong association between two polymorphisms on 15q25.1 and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37970. [PMID: 22701590 PMCID: PMC3368941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between polymorphisms on 15q25.1 and lung cancer has been widely evaluated; however, the studies have yielded contradictory results. We sought to investigate this inconsistency by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis on two polymorphisms (CHRNA3 gene: rs1051730 and AGPHD1 gene: rs8034191) on 15q25.1. Methods Data were extracted from 15 and 14 studies on polymorphisms rs1051730 and rs8034191 involving 12301/14000 and 14075/12873 lung cancer cases/controls, respectively. The random-effects model was applied, addressing heterogeneity and publication bias. Results The two polymorphisms followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all studies (P>0.05). For rs1051730-G/A, carriers of A allele had a 36% increased risk for lung cancer (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–1.46; P<0.0005), without heterogeneity (P = 0.258) or publication bias (PEgger = 0.462). For rs8034191-T/C, the allelic contrast indicated that C allele conferred a 23% increased risk for lung cancer (95% CI: 1.08–1.4; P = 0.002), with significant heterogeneity (P<0.0005), without publication bias (PEgger = 0.682). Subgroup analyses suggested that the between-study heterogeneity was derived from ethnicity, study design, matched information, and lung cancer subtypes. For example, the association of polymorphisms rs1051730 and rs8034191 with lung cancer was heterogeneous between Caucasians (OR = 1.32 and 1.22; 95% CI: 1.25–1.44 and 1.05–1.42; P<0.0005 and 0.008, respectively) and East Asians (OR = 1.51 and 1.03; 95% CI: 0.76–3 and 0.47–2.27; P = 0.237 and 0.934, respectively) under the allelic model, and this association was relatively strengthened under the dominant model. There was no observable publication bias for both polymorphisms. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that CHRNA3 gene rs1051730-A allele and AGPHD1 gene rs8034191-T allele might be risk-conferring factors for the development of lung cancer in Caucasians, but not in East-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Gu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lin H, Zhong W, Yang X, Yan H, Wu Y. [Forecasting model of risk of cancer in lung cancer pedigree in a case-control study]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:581-7. [PMID: 21762627 PMCID: PMC6000278 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 对人群每年进行低剂量胸部CT筛查可提高早期肺癌诊断率,但其假阳性率较高,常导致不必要的手术。本研究拟建立肺癌家系风险度预测模型,从中细分高危人群,从而提高筛选效能。 方法 以经病理确诊的肺癌患者的家系作为研究人群,同时收集先证者的配偶家系作为对照家系,共收集先证者家系633例和对照家系565例。应用SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。 结果 先证者家系一级亲属患肿瘤的风险性为对照组家系一级亲属的1.71倍(OR=1.71, P < 0.001)。家系中患癌个数分别为=1和≥2的两组与对照组比较有统计学差异(P=0.005,
P=0.002)。建立回归模型后赋值得到与普通人群相比的肺癌风险度为0.38-63.08(倍)。风险度为普通人群10倍以上的群体,应用本模型的正确率为88.1%。 结论 如果一级亲属患癌个数越多,患肺癌的风险越高。根据本研究建立的风险度预测模型,风险度达普通人群10倍以上的主要为重度吸烟的吸烟人群,应加强筛查。特点为:有肺部既往疾病史的重度吸烟人群,加上男性、职业暴露和一级亲属肿瘤家族史三项中的任一项;有肺部既往疾病史或重度吸烟的人群中,有职业暴露的男性且一级亲属有不少于两位肿瘤患者。
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,
Guangzhou 510080, China
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Individual and cumulative effects of GWAS susceptibility loci in lung cancer: associations after sub-phenotyping for COPD. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16476. [PMID: 21304900 PMCID: PMC3033394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that approximately 20–30% of chronic smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while 10–15% develop lung cancer. COPD pre-exists lung cancer in 50–90% of cases and has a heritability of 40–77%, much greater than for lung cancer with heritability of 15–25%. These data suggest that smokers susceptible to COPD may also be susceptible to lung cancer. This study examines the association of several overlapping chromosomal loci, recently implicated by GWA studies in COPD, lung function and lung cancer, in (n = 1400) subjects sub-phenotyped for the presence of COPD and matched for smoking exposure. Using this approach we show; the 15q25 locus confers susceptibility to lung cancer and COPD, the 4q31 and 4q22 loci both confer a reduced risk to both COPD and lung cancer, the 6p21 locus confers susceptibility to lung cancer in smokers with pre-existing COPD, the 5p15 and 1q23 loci both confer susceptibility to lung cancer in those with no pre-existing COPD. We also show the 5q33 locus, previously associated with reduced FEV1, appears to confer susceptibility to both COPD and lung cancer. The 6p21 locus previously linked to reduced FEV1 is associated with COPD only. Larger studies will be needed to distinguish whether these COPD-related effects may reflect, in part, associations specific to different lung cancer histology. We demonstrate that when the “risk genotypes” derived from the univariate analysis are incorporated into an algorithm with clinical variables, independently associated with lung cancer in multivariate analysis, modest discrimination is possible on receiver operator curve analysis (AUC = 0.70). We suggest that genetic susceptibility to lung cancer includes genes conferring susceptibility to COPD and that sub-phenotyping with spirometry is critical to identifying genes underlying the development of lung cancer.
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Fang S, Pinney SM, Bailey-Wilson JE, de Andrade MA, Li Y, Kupert E, You M, Schwartz AG, Yang P, Anderson MW, Amos CI. Ordered subset analysis identifies loci influencing lung cancer risk on chromosomes 6q and 12q. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:3157-66. [PMID: 21030603 PMCID: PMC3249234 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility for cancer can differ substantially among families. We use trait-related covariates to identify a genetically homogeneous subset of families with the best evidence for linkage in the presence of heterogeneity. METHODS We performed a genome-wide linkage screen in 93 families. Samples and data were collected by the familial lung cancer recruitment sites of the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium. We estimated linkage scores for each family by the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure using SimWalk2 software. We used ordered subset analysis (OSA) to identify genetically homogenous families by ordering families based on a disease-associated covariate. We performed permutation tests to determine the relationship between the trait-related covariate and the evidence for linkage. RESULTS A genome-wide screen for lung cancer loci identified strong evidence for linkage to 6q23-25 and suggestive evidence for linkage to 12q24 using OSA, with peak logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 4.19 and 2.79, respectively. We found other chromosomes also suggestive for linkages, including 5q31-q33, 14q11, and 16q24. CONCLUSIONS Our OSA results support 6q as a lung cancer susceptibility locus and provide evidence for disease linkage on 12q24. This study further increased our understanding of the inheritability for lung cancer. Validation studies using larger sample size are needed to verify the presence of several other chromosomal regions suggestive of an increased risk for lung cancer and/or other cancers. IMPACT OSA can reduce genetic heterogeneity in linkage study and may assist in revealing novel susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenying Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Yafang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ming You
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ping Yang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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Halasova E, Adamkov M, Matakova T, Kavcova E, Poliacek I, Singliar A. Lung cancer incidence and survival in chromium exposed individuals with respect to expression of anti-apoptotic protein survivin and tumor suppressor P53 protein. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15 Suppl 2:55-9. [PMID: 21147621 PMCID: PMC4360335 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-s2-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workers chronically exposed to hexavalent chromium have elevated risk of lung cancer. Our study investigates the incidence of lung cancer types, age at onset of the disease, and survival time among chromium exposed workers with respect to the expression of anti-apoptotic p53 and pro-apoptotic survivin proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS 67 chromium exposed workers and 104 male controls diagnosed with lung cancer were analyzed. The mean exposure time among workers was 16.7 ±10.0(SD) years (range 1- 41 years). To investigate the possible regulation of survivin by p53 we examined the expression of both proteins using immohistochemical visualization. RESULTS Chromium exposure significantly decreases the age of onset of the disease by 3.5 years (62.2 ±9.1 in the exposed group vs. 65.7 ±10.5 years in controls; P=0.018). Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) amounted for 25.4% of all cases in chromium exposed workers and for 16.3% in non-exposed individuals. The mean survival time in the exposed group was 9.0 ±12.7 vs. 12.1 ±21.9 months in controls, but this difference was not significant. Survivin was predominantly expressed in both cell nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas p53 was expressed in the nucleus. There was a negative correlation between survivin and p53 expression. A decreased intensity of expression and fewer cells positive for survivin was detected in SCLC compared with other types of lung cancer. p53 was expressed in 94.1% and survivin in 79.6% of the samples analyzed. CONCLUSION The study calls attention to decreased expression of survivin, as opposed to p53, in small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Halasova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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12
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Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with lung cancer in Turkey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 198:22-6. [PMID: 20303010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the physiological control of blood pressure and inflammation. We investigated an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the gene for ACE in relation to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible association between lung cancer and insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene. A total of 125 patients with lung cancer and 165 control subjects were enrolled in the present study. ACE I/D genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Allelic frequencies and genotype distribution of the ACE I/D polymorphism in the patient group were significantly different from control subjects (ACE II genotype 29.6 vs. 17.6%, P = 0.011; ACE I allele 49.6 vs. 39.4%, P =0.009). Our data suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism could be a risk factor for patients with lung cancer.
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13
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Lissowska J, Foretova L, Dabek J, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, Cassidy A, Mates D, Bencko V, Janout V, Hung RJ, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Family history and lung cancer risk: international multicentre case-control study in Eastern and Central Europe and meta-analyses. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1091-104. [PMID: 20306329 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common neoplastic disease in Eastern and Central Europe. The role of hereditary factors in lung carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Family history (FH) of lung cancer and other tobacco-related cancers might be a strong predictor of the lung cancer risk. We investigated family history of cancer among first-degree relatives of 2,861 patients with lung cancer and 3,118 controls from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and United Kingdom within the IARC Multicenter Case-Control Study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, study center, education, tobacco smoking, and number of first-degree relatives. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of 41 studies on FH of cancer and lung cancer risk. Positive FH of lung cancer increased risk of lung cancer with OR of 1.63 (95%CI: 1.31-2.01), and having two or more affected relatives with lung cancer further increased the risk of lung cancer with OR 3.60 (95%CI: 1.56-8.31). Among subjects aged less than 50, the OR for FH of lung cancer was 2.08 (95%CI: 1.18-3.63). The associations were generally stronger for squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma subtypes. Heterogeneity in results was not found with respect to smoking status and gender. A significant association was not observed for FH of other smoking-related tumors. The results of meta-analysis were consistent with that of our study with regard to young onset, non-smokers and histology. FH of lung cancer is a predictor of an increased risk of lung cancer, especially in subjects aged less than 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The M Skłodowska-Cure Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Wu CC, Strong LC, Shete S. Effects of measured susceptibility genes on cancer risk in family studies. Hum Genet 2009; 127:349-57. [PMID: 20039063 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous family studies have been performed to assess the associations between cancer incidence and genetic and non-genetic risk factors and to quantitatively evaluate the cancer risk attributable to these factors. However, mathematical models that account for a measured hereditary susceptibility gene have not been fully explored in family studies. In this report, we proposed statistical approaches to precisely model a measured susceptibility gene fitted to family data and simultaneously determine the combined effects of individual risk factors and their interactions. Our approaches are structured for age-specific risk models based on Cox proportional hazards regression methods. They are useful for analyses of families and extended pedigrees in which measured risk genotypes are segregated within the family and are robust even when the genotypes are available only in some members of a family. We exemplified these methods by analyzing six extended pedigrees ascertained through soft-tissue sarcoma patients with p53 germ-line mutations. Our analyses showed that germ-line p53 mutations and sex had significant interaction effects on cancer risk. Our proposed methods in family studies are accurate and robust for assessing age-specific cancer risk attributable to a measured hereditary susceptibility gene, providing valuable inferences for genetic counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Galvan A, Falvella FS, Frullanti E, Spinola M, Incarbone M, Nosotti M, Santambrogio L, Conti B, Pastorino U, Gonzalez-Neira A, Dragani TA. Genome-wide association study in discordant sibships identifies multiple inherited susceptibility alleles linked to lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:462-5. [PMID: 20022890 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed a series of young (median age = 52 years) non-smoker lung cancer patients and their unaffected siblings as controls, using a genome-wide 620 901 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis and a case-control DNA pooling approach. We identified 82 putatively associated SNPs that were retested by individual genotyping followed by use of the sib transmission disequilibrium test, pointing to 36 SNPs associated with lung cancer risk in the discordant sibs series. Analysis of these 36 SNPs in a polygenic model characterized by additive and interchangeable effects of rare alleles revealed a highly statistically significant dosage-dependent association between risk allele carrier status and proportion of cancer cases. Replication of the same 36 SNPs in a population-based series confirmed the association with lung cancer for three SNPs, suggesting that phenocopies and genetic heterogeneity can play a major role in the complex genetics of lung cancer risk in the general population.
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16
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Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Hay BA, Epton MJ, Mills GD, Black PN, Gardner HD, Sullivan R, Gamble GD. Lung cancer susceptibility model based on age, family history and genetic variants. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5302. [PMID: 19390575 PMCID: PMC2668761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and pedigree studies suggest that lung cancer results from the combined effects of age, smoking, impaired lung function and genetic factors. In a case control association study of healthy smokers and lung cancer cases, we identified genetic markers associated with either susceptibility or protection to lung cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings We screened 157 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a discovery cohort of 439 subjects (200 controls and 239 lung cancer cases) and identified 30 SNPs associated with either the healthy smokers (protective) or lung cancer (susceptibility) phenotype. After genotyping this 30 SNP panel in a validation cohort of 491 subjects (248 controls and 207 lung cancers) and, using the same protective and susceptibility genotypes from our discovery cohort, a 20 SNP panel was selected based on replication of SNP associations in the validation cohort. Following multivariate logistic regression analyses, including the selected SNPs from runs 1 and 2, we found age and family history of lung cancer to be significantly and independently associated with lung cancer. Numeric scores were assigned to both the SNP and demographic data, and combined to form a simple algorithm of risk. Conclusions/Significance Significant differences in the distribution of the lung cancer susceptibility score was found between normal controls and lung cancer cases, which remained after accounting for differences in lung function. Validation in other case-control and prospective cohorts are underway to further define the potential clinical utility of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Young
- Department of Medicine, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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17
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Wu CC, Shete S, Amos CI, Strong LC. Joint effects of germ-line p53 mutation and sex on cancer risk in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8287-92. [PMID: 16912210 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germ-line p53 mutations have been identified in most families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). For germ-line p53 mutation carriers, there is considerable variability with respect to age of cancer onset and tumor type, suggesting that additional genetic effects influence the clinical severity and tumor spectrum. To identify factors that might contribute to the observed heterogeneity in time to onset, we used segregation analysis to analyze the joint effects of germ-line p53 mutations and risk modifier(s) on cancer incidence. We studied 159 kindreds, ascertained through probands who had been diagnosed with childhood soft-tissue sarcoma before 16 years of age, survived >3 years after diagnosis, and treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) from 1944 to 1975. This unique cohort has been followed systematically for >20 years and has had germ-line p53 mutation testing in probands and extended family members. The analyses revealed that germ-line p53 mutations and sex had significant effects on cancer risk: men with p53 mutations had 151-fold higher odds of developing cancer than did those without mutations [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 60-380], and women with p53 mutations had 1,075-fold higher odds than did those without mutations (95% CI, 358-3,229) and 7.1-fold higher odds of having cancer than did men with mutations (95% CI, 2.5-20.3). These findings provide quantitative cancer risk assessments for LFS families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Gorlov IP, Meyer P, Liloglou T, Myles J, Boettger MB, Cassidy A, Girard L, Minna JD, Fischer R, Duffy S, Spitz MR, Haeussinger K, Kammerer S, Cantor C, Dierkesmann R, Field JK, Amos CI. Seizure 6-Like (SEZ6L) Gene and Risk for Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8406-11. [PMID: 17804757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA pooling in combination with high-throughput sequencing was done as a part of the Sequenom-Genefinder project. In the pilot study, we tested 83,715 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), located primarily in gene-based regions, to identify polymorphic susceptibility variants for lung cancer. For this pilot study, 369 male cases and 287 controls of both sexes (white Europeans of Southern German origin) were analyzed. The study identified a candidate region in 22q12.2 that contained numerous SNPs showing significant case-control differences and that coincides with a region that was shown previously to be frequently deleted in lung cancer cell lines. The candidate region overlies the seizure 6-like (SEZ6L) gene. The pilot study identified a polymorphic Met430Ile substitution in the SEZ6L gene (SNP rs663048) as the top candidate for a variant modulating risk of lung cancer. Two replication studies were conducted to assess the association of SNP rs663048 with lung cancer risk. The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center study included 289 cases and 291 controls matched for gender, age, and smoking status. The Liverpool Lung Project (a United Kingdom study) included 248 cases and 233 controls. Both replication studies showed an association of the rs663048 with lung cancer risk. The homozygotes for the variant allele had more than a 3-fold risk compared with the wild-type homozygotes [combined odds ratio (OR), 3.32; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.81-7.21]. Heterozygotes also had a significantly elevated risk of lung cancer from the combined replication studies with an OR of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04-1.59). The effect remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and pack-years of tobacco smoke. We also compared expression of SEZ6L in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (n = 7), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 52), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC; n = 22) cell lines by using Affymetrix HG-U133A and HG-U133B GeneChips. We found that the average expression level of SEZ6L in NSCLC cell lines was almost two times higher and in SCLC cell lines more than six times higher when compared with normal lung epithelial cell lines. Using the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found a approximately 2-fold elevated and statistically significant (P = 0.004) level of SEZ6L expression in tumor samples compared with normal lung tissues. In conclusion, the results of these studies representing 906 cases compared with 811 controls indicate a role of the SEZ6L Met430Ile polymorphic variant in increasing lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Gorlov
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Gorlova OY, Weng SF, Zhang Y, Amos CI, Spitz MR. Aggregation of cancer among relatives of never-smoking lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:111-8. [PMID: 17304511 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the familial aggregation of lung and other cancers in first-degree relatives of lung cancer patients self-reported to be lifetime never smokers. The data, derived from a large lung cancer case-control study, included 2,465 first-degree relatives of 316 never smoker lung cancer cases and 2,441 first-degree relatives of 318 never smoker controls, frequency matched to the cases on age, gender and ethnicity. The median age of the cases and the controls was 61 years, about 2/3 were women, and about 80% were Caucasian. Overall, there was a 25% excess risk [95% CI (1.05-1.50)] of any type of cancer among the first-degree relatives of cases, and case offspring exhibited a 2-fold excess cancer risk (1.03-4.10) compared with control offspring. There was also a 44% excess risk (1.05-1.97) of young onset cancers (before age 50) among relatives of cases. Smoking case relatives had an increased risk of any cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.36 (1.03-1.81)] and a 5.52-fold risk (1.19-25.51) of young onset lung cancer compared with smoking control relatives. Female case relatives had a 58% excess breast cancer risk (1.04-2.43), and case mothers a 2.57-fold breast cancer risk (1.16-4.24). A significant excess of testicular cancer was observed among case male relatives [OR = 12.32 (1.71-88.90)], although based on only 9 cases. The age at lung cancer diagnosis tended to be earlier in case relatives (61.4, SD = 12.9) compared with control relatives (66.2, SD = 11.4; p = 0.07). Our analysis provides further evidence for the importance of genetic factors for lung cancer in never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y Gorlova
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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20
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Belani CP, Marts S, Schiller J, Socinski MA. Women and lung cancer: Epidemiology, tumor biology, and emerging trends in clinical research. Lung Cancer 2007; 55:15-23. [PMID: 17084482 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Environmental carcinogens, particularly tobacco smoke, play a dominant role in the development of lung cancer, although 10-15% of all patients diagnosed are non-smokers. In addition, emerging data demonstrate sex-specific differences in lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis. This implies that the development of lung cancer is modulated by complex interactions between genetic, hormonal, behavioral, and environmental factors. A better understanding of the differences between men and women and their impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer requires continued basic and clinical research. Recent data on the epidemiological aspects of lung cancer in women, lung tumor biology, and emerging trends in clinical research were presented at a thought leaders' roundtable hosted by the Society for Women's Health Research. The panel concluded that as the patient population in lung cancer is changing from mostly male smokers to include women and non-smokers, an urgent need exists to increase awareness and research funding to improve lung cancer care, particularly in women. To further improve survival in this disease, both clinical characteristics and tumor biology should be considered in the development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra P Belani
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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21
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Cassidy A, Myles JP, Duffy SW, Liloglou T, Field JK. Family history and risk of lung cancer: age-at-diagnosis in cases and first-degree relatives. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1288-90. [PMID: 17003779 PMCID: PMC2360569 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the little known risk of lung cancer at an early age when a first-degree relative has had such a diagnosis, 579 incident cases and 1157 population controls were studied in Liverpool between 1998 and 2004 using standardised questionnaires covering demography and lifestyle. A history of lung cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with a significantly increased risk in the proband where in both individuals the cancers were diagnosed before the age of 60 years (odds ratio (OR)=4.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47–16.25). A significantly elevated risk of lung cancer was also observed in association with a relative affected before the age of 60 years, regardless of age-at-onset of the disease (OR=2.08; 95% CI: 1.20–3.59). This finding is strongly consistent with a genetic component in early-onset lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cassidy
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - J P Myles
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - S W Duffy
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Liloglou
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - J K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
- E-mail:
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22
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van Zandwijk N. Chemoprevention in lung carcinogenesis--an overview. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:1990-2002. [PMID: 16112567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the most commonly occurring malignancies and is currently the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This is due to its late diagnosis and relative resistance to standard oncological treatment approaches. The heavy burden of lung cancer and its treatment resistance have elicited an intense interest in the promising approach of chemoprevention. Chemoprevention is defined as a pharmacologic intervention to suppress or reverse the carcinogenic process and the lung is one of the most studied sites for cancer chemoprevention. This review, with a short update on pulmonary carcinogenesis, will summarize the available knowledge of chemoprevention trials and agents with a preventive potential in the 'lung field'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico van Zandwijk
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.
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23
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Genetic polymorphisms in the base excision repair pathway and cancer risk: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:925-42. [PMID: 16221808 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in DNA repair genes are thought to modulate DNA repair capacity and are suggested to be related to cancer risk. However, epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent. The authors conducted meta-analyses of associations between genes in the base excision repair pathway and cancer risk, focusing on three key genes: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1/APEX1), and x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1). They found increased lung cancer risk among subjects carrying the OGG1 Cys/Cys genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.53), using 3,253 cases and 3,371 controls from seven studies; this is consistent with experimental evidence that this isoform exhibits decreased activity. They found a protective effect of the XRCC1 194Trp allele for tobacco-related cancers (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.95), using 4,895 cases and 5,977 controls from 16 studies; this is compatible with evidence of lower mutagen sensitivity for this allele. The XRCC1 399Gln/399Gln genotype was associated with increased risk of tobacco-related cancers among light smokers (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.94) but decreased risk among heavy smokers (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.99), suggesting effect modification by tobacco smoking. There was no association between cancer risk and the APE1/APEX1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphisms. Recommendations for future studies include pooling of individual data to facilitate evaluation of multigenic effects and detailed analysis of effect modification by environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayjean J Hung
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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