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Esposito M, Minnai F, Copetti M, Miscio G, Perna R, Piepoli A, De Vincentis G, Benvenuto M, D'Addetta P, Croci S, Baldassarri M, Bruttini M, Fallerini C, Brugnoni R, Cavalcante P, Baggi F, Corsini EMG, Ciusani E, Andreetta F, Dragani TA, Fratelli M, Carella M, Mantegazza RE, Renieri A, Colombo F. Human leukocyte antigen variants associate with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response. Commun Med (Lond) 2024; 4:63. [PMID: 38575714 PMCID: PMC10995155 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it has become evident that vaccinated subjects exhibit considerable inter-individual variability in the response to the vaccine that could be partly explained by host genetic factors. A recent study reported that the immune response elicited by the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in individuals from the United Kingdom was influenced by a specific allele of the human leukocyte antigen gene HLA-DQB1. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide association study to investigate the genetic determinants of the antibody response to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in an Italian cohort of 1351 subjects recruited in three centers. Linear regressions between normalized antibody levels and genotypes of more than 7 million variants was performed, using sex, age, centers, days between vaccination boost and serological test, and five principal components as covariates. We also analyzed the association between normalized antibody levels and 204 HLA alleles, with the same covariates as above. RESULTS Our study confirms the involvement of the HLA locus and shows significant associations with variants in HLA-A, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 genes. In particular, the HLA-A*03:01 allele is the most significantly associated with serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Other alleles, from both major histocompatibility complex class I and II are significantly associated with antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that HLA genes modulate the response to Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and highlight the need for genetic studies in diverse populations and for functional studies aimed to elucidate the relationship between HLA-A*03:01 and CD8+ cell response upon Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Esposito
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Minnai
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Rita Perna
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Ada Piepoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | | | - Mario Benvenuto
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paola D'Addetta
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Fulvio Baggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Ciusani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Carella
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Minnai F, Biscarini F, Esposito M, Dragani TA, Bujanda L, Rahmouni S, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Bernardo D, Carnero-Montoro E, Buti M, Zeberg H, Asselta R, Romero-Gómez M, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Fallerini C, Zguro K, Croci S, Baldassarri M, Bruttini M, Furini S, Renieri A, Colombo F. A genome-wide association study for survival from a multi-centre European study identified variants associated with COVID-19 risk of death. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3000. [PMID: 38321133 PMCID: PMC10847137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely among patients, from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Host genetics is one of the factors that contributes to this variability as previously reported by the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI), which identified sixteen loci associated with COVID-19 severity. Herein, we investigated the genetic determinants of COVID-19 mortality, by performing a case-only genome-wide survival analysis, 60 days after infection, of 3904 COVID-19 patients from the GEN-COVID and other European series (EGAS00001005304 study of the COVID-19 HGI). Using imputed genotype data, we carried out a survival analysis using the Cox model adjusted for age, age2, sex, series, time of infection, and the first ten principal components. We observed a genome-wide significant (P-value < 5.0 × 10-8) association of the rs117011822 variant, on chromosome 11, of rs7208524 on chromosome 17, approaching the genome-wide threshold (P-value = 5.19 × 10-8). A total of 113 variants were associated with survival at P-value < 1.0 × 10-5 and most of them regulated the expression of genes involved in immune response (e.g., CD300 and KLR genes), or in lung repair and function (e.g., FGF19 and CDH13). Overall, our results suggest that germline variants may modulate COVID-19 risk of death, possibly through the regulation of gene expression in immune response and lung function pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Minnai
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Esposito
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Bernardo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- GENYO, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Buti
- Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit and CiberehdVirgen del Rocío University HospitalInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Sant Pau Hospital Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Kristina Zguro
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Susanna Croci
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Energia Elettrica e dell'Informazione "Guglielmo Marconi", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via F.lli Cervi, 93, 20054, Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Romanzi A, Dragani TA, Adorni A, Colombo M, Farro A, Maspero M, Zamburlini B, Vannelli A. Neuraxial anesthesia for abdominal surgery, beyond the pandemic: a feasibility pilot study of 70 patients in a suburban hospital. Updates Surg 2023; 75:1691-1697. [PMID: 37278936 PMCID: PMC10242600 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility of awake laparotomy under neuraxial anesthesia (NA) in a suburban hospital. A retrospective analysis of the results of a consecutive series of 70 patients undergoing awake abdominal surgery under NA at the Department of Surgery of our Hospital from February 11th, 2020 to October 20th, 2021 was conducted. The series includes 43 cases of urgent surgical care (2020) and 27 cases of elective abdominal surgery on frail patients (2021). Seventeen procedures (24.3%) required sedation to better control patient discomfort. Only in 4/70 (5.7%) cases, conversion to general anesthesia (GA) was necessary. Conversion to GA was not related to American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score or operative time. Only one of the four cases requiring conversion to GA was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) postoperatively. Fifteen patients (21.4%) required postoperative ICU support. A statistically non-significant association was observed between conversion to GA and postoperative ICU admission. The mortality rate was 8.5% (6 patients). Five out of six deaths occurred while in the ICU. All six were frail patients. None of these deaths was related to a complication of NA. Awake laparotomy under NA has confirmed its feasibility and safety in times of scarcity of resources and therapeutic restrictions, even in the most frail patients. We believe that this approach should be considered as an useful asset, especially for suburban hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romanzi
- Department of General Surgery, Valduce Hospital, via Dante Alighieri 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Adorni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Martina Colombo
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Farro
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mosè Maspero
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zamburlini
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Vannelli
- Department of General Surgery, Valduce Hospital, via Dante Alighieri 11, 22100, Como, Italy
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Spyrakis F, Dragani TA. The EU's Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science. Toxics 2023; 11:721. [PMID: 37755732 PMCID: PMC10536631 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The proposal by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) to ban over 12,000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has sparked a debate about potential consequences for the economy, industry, and the environment. Although some PFAS are known to be harmful, a blanket ban may lead to significant problems in attempting to replace PFAS-based materials for environmental transition, as well as in medical devices and everyday products. Alternative materials may potentially be less safe, as a rush to replace PFAS would reduce the time needed for toxicological analyses. Studies have shown that PFAS exhibit a diverse range of mechanisms of action, biopersistence, and bioaccumulation potential, and should thus not be treated as a single group. This is particularly true for the class of fluoropolymers. A targeted approach that considers the specific risks and benefits of each chemical may be more effective. Moreover, the proposed ban may also have unintended consequences for the environment as PFAS use is also associated with benefits such as reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and improving energy efficiency. Policymakers must carefully weigh up the potential consequences before making a final decision on the ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
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Dragani TA, Muley T, Schneider MA, Kobinger S, Eichhorn M, Winter H, Hoffmann H, Kriegsmann M, Noci S, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Franzi S, Colombo F. Lung Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed at a Younger Age Is Associated with Advanced Stage, Female Sex, and Ever-Smoker Status, in Patients Treated with Lung Resection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082395. [PMID: 37190323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the factors which affect the age at diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma are not fully understood. In our study, we examined the relationships of age at diagnosis with smoking, pathological stage, sex, and year of diagnosis in a discovery (n = 1694) and validation (n = 1384) series of lung adenocarcinoma patients who had undergone pulmonary resection at hospitals in the Milan area and at Thoraxklinik (Heidelberg), respectively. In the discovery series, younger age at diagnosis was associated with ever-smoker status (OR = 1.5, p = 0.0035) and advanced stage (taking stage I as reference: stage III OR = 1.4, p = 0.0067; stage IV OR = 1.7, p = 0.0080), whereas older age at diagnosis was associated with male sex (OR = 0.57, p < 0.001). Analysis in the validation series confirmed the ever versus never smokers' association (OR = 2.9, p < 0.001), the association with highest stages (stage III versus stage I OR = 1.4, p = 0.0066; stage IV versus stage I OR = 2.0, p = 0.0022), and the male versus female sex association (OR = 0.78, p = 0.032). These data suggest the role of smoking in affecting the natural history of the disease. Moreover, aggressive tumours seem to have shorter latency from initiation to clinical detection. Finally, younger age at diagnosis is associated with the female sex, suggesting that hormonal status of young women confers risk to develop lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, this study provided novel findings on the mechanisms underlying age at diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kobinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Noci
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Multimedica, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Davide Tosi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Franzi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, 20054 Segrate, Italy
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Minnai F, Noci S, Chierici M, Cotroneo CE, Bartolini B, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Mattioni G, Jurman G, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Genetic predisposition to lung adenocarcinoma outcome is a feature already present in patients' noninvolved lung tissue. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:281-294. [PMID: 36114746 PMCID: PMC9807507 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma can be determined from germline variants and transcript levels in nontumoral lung tissue. Gene expression data from noninvolved lung tissue of 483 lung adenocarcinoma patients were tested for correlation with overall survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazard and multivariate machine learning models. For genes whose transcript levels are associated with survival, we used genotype data from 414 patients to identify germline variants acting as cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Associations of eQTL variant genotypes with gene expression and survival were tested. Levels of four transcripts were inversely associated with survival by Cox analysis (CLCF1, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53; CNTNAP1, HR = 2.17; DUSP14, HR = 1.78; and MT1F: HR = 1.40). Machine learning analysis identified a signature of transcripts associated with lung adenocarcinoma outcome that was largely overlapping with the transcripts identified by Cox analysis, including the three most significant genes (CLCF1, CNTNAP1, and DUSP14). Pathway analysis indicated that the signature is enriched for ECM components. We identified 32 cis-eQTLs for CNTNAP1, including 6 with an inverse correlation and 26 with a direct correlation between the number of minor alleles and transcript levels. Of these, all but one were prognostic: the six with an inverse correlation were associated with better prognosis (HR < 1) while the others were associated with worse prognosis. Our findings provide supportive evidence that genetic predisposition to lung adenocarcinoma outcome is a feature already present in patients' noninvolved lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Minnai
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research CouncilSegrateItaly
| | - Sara Noci
- Department of ResearchFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Marco Chierici
- Data Science for Health Research UnitBruno Kessler FoundationTrentoItaly
| | | | - Barbara Bartolini
- Department of ResearchFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | | | - Davide Tosi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation UnitFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni Mattioni
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation UnitFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe Jurman
- Data Science for Health Research UnitBruno Kessler FoundationTrentoItaly
| | - Tommaso A. Dragani
- Department of ResearchFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research CouncilSegrateItaly
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Colombo F, Illescas O, Noci S, Minnai F, Pintarelli G, Pettinicchio A, Vannelli A, Sorrentino L, Battaglia L, Cosimelli M, Dragani TA, Gariboldi M. Gut microbiota composition in colorectal cancer patients is genetically regulated. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11424. [PMID: 35794137 PMCID: PMC9259655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on environmental and genetic factors. Among environmental factors, an imbalance in the gut microbiota can increase CRC risk. Also, microbiota is influenced by host genetics. However, it is not known if germline variants influence CRC development by modulating microbiota composition. We investigated germline variants associated with the abundance of bacterial populations in the normal (non-involved) colorectal mucosa of 93 CRC patients and evaluated their possible role in disease. Using a multivariable linear regression, we assessed the association between germline variants identified by genome wide genotyping and bacteria abundances determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We identified 37 germline variants associated with the abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium and Gemmiger and with alpha diversity. These variants are correlated with the expression of 58 genes involved in inflammatory responses, cell adhesion, apoptosis and barrier integrity. Genes and bacteria appear to be involved in the same processes. In fact, expression of the pro-inflammatory genes GAL, GSDMD and LY6H was correlated with the abundance of Bacteroides, which has pro-inflammatory properties; abundance of the anti-inflammatory genus Faecalibacterium correlated with expression of KAZN, with barrier-enhancing functions. Both the microbiota composition and local inflammation are regulated, at least partially, by the same germline variants. These variants may regulate the microenvironment in which bacteria grow and predispose to the development of cancer. Identification of these variants is the first step to identifying higher-risk individuals and proposing tailored preventive treatments that increase beneficial bacterial populations.
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Borrego A, Colombo F, de Souza JG, Jensen JR, Dassano A, Piazza R, Rodrigues dos Santos BA, Ribeiro OG, De Franco M, Cabrera WHK, Icimoto MY, Starobinas N, Magalhães G, Monteleone LF, Eto SF, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Goldfeder MB, Pasqualoto KFM, Dragani TA, Ibañez OCM. Pycard and BC017158 Candidate Genes of Irm1 Locus Modulate Inflammasome Activation for IL-1β Production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899569. [PMID: 35799794 PMCID: PMC9254735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified Pycard and BC017158 genes as putative effectors of the Quantitative Trait locus (QTL) that we mapped at distal chromosome 7 named Irm1 for Inflammatory response modulator 1, controlling acute inflammatory response (AIR) and the production of IL-1β, dependent on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We obtained the mapping through genome-wide linkage analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cross between High (AIRmax) and Low (AIRmin) responder mouse lines that we produced by several generations of bidirectional selection for Acute Inflammatory Response. A highly significant linkage signal (LOD score peak of 72) for ex vivo IL-1β production limited a 4 Mbp interval to chromosome 7. Sequencing of the locus region revealed 14 SNPs between “High” and “Low” responders that narrowed the locus to a 420 Kb interval. Variants were detected in non-coding regions of Itgam, Rgs10 and BC017158 genes and at the first exon of Pycard gene, resulting in an E19K substitution in the protein ASC (apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) an adaptor molecule in the inflammasome complex. Silencing of BC017158 inhibited IL1-β production by stimulated macrophages and the E19K ASC mutation carried by AIRmin mice impaired the ex vivo IL-1β response and the formation of ASC specks in stimulated cells. IL-1β and ASC specks play major roles in inflammatory reactions and in inflammation-related diseases. Our results delineate a novel genetic factor and a molecular mechanism affecting the acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borrego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean Gabriel de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre of New Target Discovery (CENTD), Instituto Butantan/GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)/Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Dassano
- Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Starobinas
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Centre of New Target Discovery (CENTD), Instituto Butantan/GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)/Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tommaso A. Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Célia Martinez Ibañez
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Olga Célia Martinez Ibañez,
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9
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide epidemic of enormous proportions, which resulted in different mortality rates in different countries for unknown reasons. We analyzed factors associated with mortality using data from the Italian national database of more than 4 million SARS-CoV-2-positive cases diagnosed between January 2020 and July 2021, including > 415 thousand hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and > 127 thousand deceased. For patients for whom age, sex and date of infection detection were available, we determined the impact of these variables on mortality 30 days after the date of diagnosis or hospitalization. Multivariable weighted Cox analysis showed that each of the analyzed variables independently affected COVID-19 mortality. Specifically, in the overall series, age was the main risk factor for mortality, with HR > 100 in the age groups older than 65 years compared with a reference group of 15-44 years. Male sex presented a two-fold higher risk of death than female sex. Patients infected after the first pandemic wave (i.e. after 30 June 2020) had an approximately threefold lower risk of death than those infected during the first wave. Thus, in a series of all confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected cases in an entire European nation, elderly age was by far the most significant risk factor for COVID-19 mortality, confirming that protecting the elderly should be a priority in pandemic management. Male sex and being infected during the first wave were additional risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Minnai
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Gianluca De Bellis
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
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10
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Cotroneo CE, Mangano N, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Lung expression of genes putatively involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection is modulated in cis by germline variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1019-1026. [PMID: 33649539 PMCID: PMC7917374 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline variants in genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and in host innate immune responses to viruses may influence the susceptibility to infection. This study used whole-genome analyses of lung tissue to identify polymorphisms acting as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for 60 genes of relevance to SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility. The expression of genes with confirmed or possible roles in viral entry-replication and in host antiviral responses was studied in the non-diseased lung tissue of 408 lung adenocarcinoma patients. No gene was differently expressed by sex, but APOBEC3H levels were higher and PARP12 levels lower in older individuals. A total of 125 cis-eQTLs (false discovery rate < 0.05) was found to modulate mRNA expression of 15 genes (ABO, ANPEP, AP2A2, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3G, BSG, CLEC4G, DDX58, DPP4, FURIN, FYCO1, RAB14, SERINC3, TRIM5, ZCRB1). eQTLs regulating ABO and FYCO1 were found in COVID-19 susceptibility loci. No trans-eQTLs were identified. Genetic control of the expression of these 15 genes, which encode putative virus receptors, proteins required for vesicle trafficking, enzymes that interfere with viral replication, and other restriction factors, may underlie interindividual differences in risk or severity of infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Cotroneo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mangano
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
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11
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Maspero D, Dassano A, Pintarelli G, Noci S, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Read-through transcripts in lung: germline genetic regulation and correlation with the expression of other genes. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:918-926. [PMID: 32157280 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts originating from the transcriptional read through of two adjacent, similarly oriented genes have been identified in normal and neoplastic tissues, but their functional role and the mechanisms that regulate their expression are mostly unknown. Here, we investigated whether the expression of read-through transcripts previously identified in the non-involved lung tissue of lung adenocarcinoma patients was genetically regulated. Data on genome-wide single nucleotide variant genotypes and expression levels of 10 read-through transcripts in 201 samples of lung tissue were combined to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Then, to identify genes whose expression levels correlated with the 10 read-through transcripts, we used whole transcriptome profiles available for 154 patients. For 8 read-though transcripts, we identified 60 eQTLs (false discovery rate <0.05), including 17 cis-eQTLs and 43 trans-eQTLs. These eQTLs did not maintain their behavior on the 'parental' genes involved in the read-through transcriptional event. The expression levels of 7 read-through transcripts were found to correlate with the expression of other genes: CHIA-PIFO and CTSC-RAB38 correlated with CHIA and RAB38, respectively, while 5 other read-through transcripts correlated with 43 unique non-parental transcripts; thus offering indications about the molecular processes in which these chimeric transcripts may be involved. We confirmed 9 eQTLs (for 4 transcripts) in the non-involved lung tissue from an independent series of 188 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Therefore, this study indicates that the expression of four read-through transcripts in normal lung tissue is under germline genetic regulation, and that this regulation is independent of that of the genes involved in the read-through event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maspero
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dassano
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pintarelli
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Noci
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Scientific data are often used in lawsuits to prove, or dismiss, causation by a claimed factor of a claimed disease. Recent media reports of million-dollar compensations awarded to some cancer patients who had been exposed to certain chemical substances motivated me to examine how solid the causal links really were. Here, I discuss the limitations of epidemiological research on cancer causation and highlight how new knowledge of cancer genetics makes it unrealistic to expect that cancer causation can be clearly demonstrated. I then present two exposure-cancer cases, namely talcum powder-ovarian cancer and glyphosate-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, that led to civil lawsuits decided, in the United States, in favor of the claimants. Both these cancers have several risk factors, among which the claimed exposure presents only a minor, if any, increased risk. Through these cases, I explain why the use of epidemiological data is inappropriate to define causal associations in complex diseases like cancer. I close by suggesting a fairer approach, called proportional liability, to resolving future cancer litigation cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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13
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Dragani TA, Matarese V, Colombo F. BioEssays 4/2020. Bioessays 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202070041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Dragani TA, Matarese V, Colombo F. Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis: Prospects for Success through the Lens of Tumor Genetics. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900122. [PMID: 32128843 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of candidate cancer biomarkers have been proposed, but so far, few are used in cancer screening. Failure to implement these biomarkers is attributed to technical and design flaws in the discovery and validation phases, but a major obstacle stems from cancer biology itself. Oncogenomics has revealed broad genetic heterogeneity among tumors of the same histology and same tissue (or organ) from different patients, while tumors of different tissue origins also share common genetic mutations. Moreover, there is wide intratumor genetic heterogeneity among cells within any single neoplasm. These findings seriously limit the prospects of finding a single biomarker with high specificity for early cancer detection. Current research focuses on developing biomarker panels, with data assessment by machine-learning algorithms. Whether such approaches will overcome the inherent limitations posed by tumor biology and lead to tests with true clinical value remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. A. Amadeo, 42, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. A. Amadeo, 42, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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15
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van den Berge M, Brandsma CA, Faiz A, de Vries M, Rathnayake SNH, Paré PD, Sin DD, Bossé Y, Laviolette M, Nickle DC, Hao K, Obeidat M, Dragani TA, Colombo F, Timens W, Postma DS. Differential lung tissue gene expression in males and females: implications for the susceptibility to develop COPD. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.02567-2017. [PMID: 31164434 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02567-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shared first authorship; both authors contributed equally
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shared first authorship; both authors contributed equally
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maaike de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Senani N H Rathnayake
- University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of Life Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter D Paré
- The University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Dept of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ke Hao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Research Unit "Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics", Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Dept of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shared last authorship; both authors contributed equally
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Shared last authorship; both authors contributed equally
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16
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Dragani TA, Colombo F, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL. Response to comments on 'Malignant mesothelioma diagnosed at a younger age is associated with heavier asbestos exposure' by Farioli et al. and Oddone et al. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:490-491. [PMID: 30357324 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Dragani TA, Colombo F, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL. Corrigendum: Malignant mesothelioma diagnosed at a younger age is associated with heavier asbestos exposure. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:492. [PMID: 30892588 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Dragani TA, Colombo F, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL. Malignant mesothelioma diagnosed at a younger age is associated with heavier asbestos exposure. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1151-1156. [PMID: 29982378 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure is the main etiology of malignant mesothelioma, but there are conflicting data on whether the intensity of exposure modulates the development of this disease. This study considered 594 patients with malignant mesothelioma for whom count data on asbestos bodies and fibers (per gram of wet lung tissue) were available. The relationships between age at diagnosis (a time-to-event outcome variable) and these two measures of internal asbestos exposure, along with other possible modulating factors (sex, tumor location, histological subtype and childhood exposure), were assessed on multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, stratifying by decade of birth year. For both measures of asbestos in lung tissue, younger age at diagnosis was associated with higher internal measures of exposure to asbestos. Stratified Cox analyses showed that for each doubling in asbestos body count patients were 1.07 times more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.09; P = 2.2 × 10-7] and for each doubling in asbestos fiber count patients were 1.13 times more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09-1.17; P = 8.6 × 10-11). None of the other variables considered were associated with age at diagnosis. Our finding that tumors become clinically apparent at a younger age in heavily exposed subjects suggests that asbestos is involved not only in the malignant mesothelioma tumor initiation but, somehow, also in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Abstract
The tumor incidence was studied in 4 groups of BALB/c mice kept under observation in the same experimental conditions as untreated controls in the course of bioassays of chemical carcinogenesis. Two parameters that reflect the variations of environmental factors were studied: body growth and survival rate. Their possible influence on tumor incidence was also considered. Fluctuations were observed in the incidence of different tumor types among the groups, but the level of significance was reached only when comparing the incidence of hepatomas, adrenal cortex tumors and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas among males and the incidence of angiomas and angiosarcomas among females. No association was found between the variations of tumor incidence and body growth and survival rate, which remained constant among the groups.
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20
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Abstract
The murine inbred strain C3H provides an experimental model of inherited predisposition to hepatocellular cancer. Hepatocellular neoplastic lesions induced by chemical carcinogens reach a volume 10-100-fold greater in C3H mice than in genetically resistant strains. However, the huge strain differences in tumor size are explained by relatively small differences (10%-30%) in tumor cell kinetics. Genetic linkage experiments in different crosses demonstrated that six unlinked hepatocarcinogen sensitivity ( Hcs) and two hepatocarcinogen resistance ( Hcr) loci determined quantitative variations in susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis. Such results provide the genetic basis for the strain variations in susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis and demonstrate a new model of polygenic inheritance of predisposition to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Dragani
- Division of Experimental Oncology A, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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21
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Abstract
The incidences of spontaneous tumors of the murine hybrids (C57BL/6J X C3Hf)F1 (B6C3F1) and (C57BL/6J X BALB/c)F1 (B6CF1) were compared in untreated mice kept until 110 weeks of age. Male B6C3F1 and B6CF1 mice had respectively 16% and 20% incidence of lymphomas, 26% and 4% of liver tumors and 12% and 22% of lung tumors. Among B6C3F1 and B6CF1 females, a 36% and 12% incidence of lymphomas, a 6% and zero incidence of liver tumors, and a 4% and 16% of lung tumors were observed. A few other tumors were seen in both hybrids. Groups of male and female mice of the 2 hybrids received 5 i.p. injections of 1000 mg/kg urethan once every other day starting at 10 days of age, and were kept under observation until 65-80 weeks of age. Treated B6C3F1 mice had an earlier mortality than B6CF1 mice due to tumor development. The statistical analysis, allowing for survival, showed a significantly higher lymphoma incidence in male and female B6C3F1 than B6CF1 mice, which had instead a higher incidence of lung tumors. Hepatocellular tumors were seen in both sexes of the 2 hybrids, with a higher frequency in B6C3F1 mice. Male mice of both hybrids had a higher incidence of liver tumors than females.
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22
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Abstract
An infantile carcinogenesis assay was carried out with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injections administered intraperitoneally at 0, 1, 30 and 60 μg/kg b.w. doses to (C57BL/6J × C3Hf)F1 (B6C3) and to (C57BL/6J × BALB/c)F1 (B6C) mice, starting from the 10th day of life, once weekly repeated 5 times. Animals were then observed until 78 weeks of age. The induction of thymic lymphomas was related to treatment at 60 μg/kg dose level in both sexes of both hybrids, and at 30 μg/kg dose level in both sexes of B6C mice and in male but not female B6C3 mice. The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was increased by TCDD treatment at 60 μg/kg dose level in B6C3 of both sexes but not in B6C mice. Hepatocellular carcinomas were seen at increased incidence at 30 and 60 μg/kg doses in B6C3 males but not in B6C3 females or in B6C mice of both sexes. The incidence of other tumor types was not related to treatment in both hybrids. A long-term carcinogenesis bioassay with TCDD was carried out in B6C3 mice treated by gavage at 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg b.w. doses from 6 weeks of age, once weekly for 52 weeks. The animals were observed until 110 weeks of age. An increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was related to treatment, at both doses and in both sexes. The incidence of other tumor types was uniformly low in treated and control groups, without any association with treatment, in both sexes.
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23
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Abstract
3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-imidazo(1,2-α)pyridine was tested for carcinogenicity by long-term administration in the diet to CTM mice at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 % dose levels and to Wistar rats at 0.2 and 0.4 % dose levels, and by short-term intraperitoneal injections to suckling BALB/c mice. The compound was a strong carcinogen. In CTM mice it induced carcinomas of the esophagus and forestomach at all dose levels and thymic lymphosarcomas at the two highest doses. In male and female rats, esophagus and forestomach papillomas were observed at all dose levels, whereas esophagus and forestomach carcinomas and kidney tumors were observed only at the high dose. In female rats, an increased incidence of mammary tumors was seen at the high dose. The treatment of BALB/c suckling mice by intraperitoneal injections did not induce a clear carcinogenic response.
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24
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Borrego A, Cabrera WHK, Jensen JR, Correa M, Ribeiro OG, Starobinas N, De Franco M, Pettinicchio A, Dragani TA, Ibañez OCM, Manenti G. Germline control of somatic Kras mutations in mouse lung tumors. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:745-751. [PMID: 29500885 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic KRAS mutations are common in human lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with worse prognosis. In mice, Kras is frequently mutated in both spontaneous and experimentally induced lung tumors, although the pattern of mutation varies among strains, suggesting that such mutations are not random events. We tested if the occurrence of Kras mutations is under genetic control in two mouse intercrosses. Codon 61 mutations were prevalent, but the patterns of nucleotide changes differed between the intercrosses. Whole genome analysis with SNPs in (A/J x C57BL/6)F4 mice revealed a significant linkage between a locus on chromosome 19 and 2 particular codon 61 variants (CTA and CGA). In (AIRmax × AIRmin) F2 mice, there was a significant linkage between SNPs located on distal chromosome 6 (around 135 Mbp) and the frequency of codon 61 mutation. These results reveal the presence of two loci, on chromosomes 6 and 19, that modulate Kras mutation frequency in different mouse intercrosses. These findings indicate that somatic mutation frequency and type are not simple random events, but are under genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borrego
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wafa H K Cabrera
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Jensen
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Correa
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy Starobinas
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Pettinicchio
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga C M Ibañez
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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25
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Pintarelli G, Dassano A, Cotroneo CE, Galvan A, Noci S, Piazza R, Pirola A, Spinelli R, Incarbone M, Palleschi A, Rosso L, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Read-through transcripts in normal human lung parenchyma are down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27889-98. [PMID: 27058892 PMCID: PMC5053695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Read-through transcripts result from the continuous transcription of adjacent, similarly oriented genes, with the splicing out of the intergenic region. They have been found in several neoplastic and normal tissues, but their pathophysiological significance is unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing of cDNA fragments (RNA-Seq) to identify read-through transcripts in the non-involved lung tissue of 64 surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma patients. A total of 52 distinct read-through species was identified, with 24 patients having at least one read-through event, up to a maximum of 17 such transcripts in one patient. Sanger sequencing validated 28 of these transcripts and identified an additional 15, for a total of 43 distinct read-through events involving 35 gene pairs. Expression levels of 10 validated read-through transcripts were measured by quantitative PCR in pairs of matched non-involved lung tissue and lung adenocarcinoma tissue from 45 patients. Higher expression levels were observed in normal lung tissue than in the tumor counterpart, with median relative quantification ratios between normal and tumor varying from 1.90 to 7.78; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test for paired samples) for eight transcripts: ELAVL1–TIMM44, FAM162B–ZUFSP, IFNAR2–IL10RB, INMT–FAM188B, KIAA1841–C2orf74, NFATC3–PLA2G15, SIRPB1–SIRPD, and SHANK3–ACR. This report documents the presence of read-through transcripts in apparently normal lung tissue, with inter-individual differences in patterns and abundance. It also shows their down-regulation in tumors, suggesting that these chimeric transcripts may function as tumor suppressors in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pintarelli
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara E Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Present Address: UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonella Galvan
- Formerly, Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Noci
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pirola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Spinelli
- Formerly, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, San Giuseppe Hospital, Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Dassano A, Pintarelli G, Cotroneo CE, Pettinicchio A, Forcati E, De Cecco L, Borrego A, Colombo F, Dragani TA, Manenti G. Complex genetic control of lung tumorigenesis in resistant mice strains. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2281-2286. [PMID: 28796413 PMCID: PMC5666032 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SM/J mouse strain is resistant to chemically‐induced lung tumorigenesis despite having a haplotype, in the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility locus (Pas1) locus, that confers tumor susceptibility in other strains. To clarify this inconsistent genotype‐phenotype correlation, we crossed SM/J mice with another resistant strain and conducted genome‐wide linkage analysis in the (C57BL/6J × SM/J)F2 progeny exposed to urethane to induce lung tumors. Overall, >80% of F2 mice of both sexes developed from 1 to 20 lung tumors. Genotyping of 372 F2 mice for 744 informative non‐redundant SNPs dispersed over all autosomal chromosomes revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting lung tumor multiplicity, on chromosomes 3 (near rs13477379), 15 (rs6285067), 17 (rs33373629) and 18 (rs3706601), all with logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores >5. Four QTLs modulated total lung tumor volume, on chromosome 3 (rs13477379), 10 (rs13480702), 15 (rs6285067) and 17 (rs3682923), all with LOD scores >4. No QTL modulating lung tumor multiplicity or total volume was detected in Pas1 on chromosome 6. The present study demonstrates that the SM/J strain carries, at the Pas1 locus, the resistance allele: a finding that will facilitate identification of the Pas1 causal element. More generally, it demonstrates that lung tumorigenesis is under complex polygenic control even in a pedigree with low susceptibility to this neoplasia, suggesting that the genetics of lung tumorigenesis is much more complex than evidenced by the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility and resistance loci that have, so far, been mapped in a small number of crosses between a few inbred strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pintarelli
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara E Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pettinicchio
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Forcati
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Borrego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Dugo M, Cotroneo CE, Lavoie-Charland E, Incarbone M, Santambrogio L, Rosso L, van den Berge M, Nickle D, Paré PD, Bossé Y, Dragani TA, Colombo F. Human Lung Tissue Transcriptome: Influence of Sex and Age. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167460. [PMID: 27902768 PMCID: PMC5130276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex and age strongly influence the pathophysiology of human lungs, but scarce information is available about their effects on pulmonary gene expression. Methods We followed a discovery-validation strategy to identify sex- and age-related transcriptional differences in lung. Results We identified transcriptional profiles significantly associated with sex (215 genes; FDR < 0.05) and age at surgery (217 genes) in non-involved lung tissue resected from 284 lung adenocarcinoma patients. When these profiles were tested in three independent series of non-tumor lung tissue from an additional 1,111 patients, we validated the association with sex and age for 25 and 22 genes, respectively. Among the 17 sex-biased genes mapping on chromosome X, 16 have been reported to escape X-chromosome inactivation in other tissues or cells, suggesting that this mechanism influences lung transcription too. Our 22 age-related genes partially overlap with genes modulated by age in other tissues, suggesting that the aging process has similar consequences on gene expression in different organs. Finally, seven genes whose expression was modulated by sex in non-tumor lung tissue, but no age-related gene, were also validated using publicly available data from 990 lung adenocarcinoma samples, suggesting that the physiological regulatory mechanisms are only partially active in neoplastic tissue. Conclusions Gene expression in non-tumor lung tissue is modulated by both sex and age. These findings represent a validated starting point for research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed differences in the course of lung diseases among men and women of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara E. Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Incarbone
- Department of Surgery, San Giuseppe Hospital–MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santambrogio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Nickle
- Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Paré
- University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation and Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tommaso A. Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Dragani TA, Castells A, Kulasingam V, Diamandis EP, Earl H, Iams WT, Lovly CM, Sedelaar JPM, Schalken JA. Major milestones in translational oncology. BMC Med 2016; 14:110. [PMID: 27469586 PMCID: PMC4964079 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational oncology represents a bridge between basic research and clinical practice in cancer medicine. Today, translational research in oncology benefits from an abundance of knowledge resulting from genome-scale studies regarding the molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. In this Forum article, we highlight the state of the art of translational oncology in five major cancer types. We illustrate the use of molecular profiling to subtype colorectal cancer for both diagnosis and treatment, and summarize the results of a nationwide screening program for ovarian cancer based on detection of a tumor biomarker in serum. Additionally, we discuss how circulating tumor DNA can be assayed to safely monitor breast cancer over the course of treatment, and report on how therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is proving effective in advanced lung cancer. Finally, we summarize efforts to use molecular profiling of prostate cancer biopsy specimens to support treatment decisions. Despite encouraging early successes, we cannot disregard the complex genetics of individual susceptibility to cancer nor the enormous complexity of the somatic changes observed in tumors, which urge particular attention to the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso A. Dragani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G.A. Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antoni Castells
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Helena Earl
- Deptartment of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wade T. Iams
- Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Christine M. Lovly
- Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | | | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Cotroneo CE, Dassano A, Colombo F, Pettinicchio A, Lecis D, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Dragani TA, Manenti G. Expression quantitative trait analysis reveals fine germline transcript regulation in mouse lung tumors. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:221-230. [PMID: 26966001 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression modulates cellular functions in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Herein, we carried out a genetic linkage study on the transcriptome of lung tumors induced by urethane in an (A/J x C57BL/6)F4 intercross population, whose individual lung tumor multiplicity (Nlung) is linked to the genotype at the Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1) locus. We found that expression levels of 1179 and 1579 genes are modulated by an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) in cis and in trans, respectively (LOD score > 5). Of note, the genomic area surrounding and including the Pas1 locus regulated 14 genes in cis and 857 genes in trans. In lung tumors of the same (A/J x C57BL/6)F4 mice, we found 1124 genes whose transcript levels associated with Nlung (FDR < 0.001). The expression levels of about a third of these genes (n = 401) were regulated by the genotype at the Pas1 locus. Pathway analysis of the sets of genes associated with Nlung and regulated by Pas1 revealed a set of 14 recurrently represented genes that are components or targets of the Ras-Erk and Pi3k-Akt signaling pathways. Altogether our results illustrate the architecture of germline control of gene expression in mouse lung cancer: they highlight the importance of Pas1 as a tumor-modifier locus, attribute to it a novel role as a major regulator of transcription in lung tumor nodules and strengthen the candidacy of the Kras gene as the effector of this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara E Cotroneo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pettinicchio
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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30
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Corli O, Floriani I, Roberto A, Montanari M, Galli F, Greco MT, Caraceni A, Kaasa S, Dragani TA, Azzarello G, Luzzani M, Cavanna L, Bandieri E, Gamucci T, Lipari G, Di Gregorio R, Valenti D, Reale C, Pavesi L, Iorno V, Crispino C, Pacchioni M, Apolone G. Are strong opioids equally effective and safe in the treatment of chronic cancer pain? A multicenter randomized phase IV 'real life' trial on the variability of response to opioids. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1107-1115. [PMID: 26940689 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines tend to consider morphine and morphine-like opioids comparable and interchangeable in the treatment of chronic cancer pain, but individual responses can vary. This study compared the analgesic efficacy, changes of therapy and safety profile over time of four strong opioids given for cancer pain. PATIENT AND METHODS In this four-arm multicenter, randomized, comparative, of superiority, phase IV trial, oncological patients with moderate to severe pain requiring WHO step III opioids were randomly assigned to receive oral morphine or oxycodone or transdermal fentanyl or buprenorphine for 28 days. At each visit, pain intensity, modifications of therapy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were recorded. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of nonresponders, meaning patients with worse or unchanged average pain intensity (API) between the first and last visit, measured on a 0-10 numerical rating scale. (NCT01809106). RESULTS Forty-four centers participated in the trial and recruited 520 patients. Worst pain intensity and API decreased over 4 weeks with no significant differences between drugs. Nonresponders ranged from 11.5% (morphine) to 14.4% (buprenorphine). Appreciable changes were made in the treatment schedules over time. Each group required increases in the daily dose, from 32.7% (morphine) to 121.2% (transdermal fentanyl). Patients requiring adjuvant analgesics ranged from 68.9% (morphine) to 81.6% (oxycodone), switches varied from 22.1% (morphine) to 12% (oxycodone), discontinuation of treatment from 27% ( morphine) to 14.5% (fentanyl). ADRs were similar except for effects on the nervous system, which significantly prevailed with morphine. CONCLUSION The main findings were the similarity in pain control, response rates and main adverse reactions among opioids. Changes in therapy schedules were notable over time. A considerable proportion of patients were nonresponders or poor responders. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01809106 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01809106?term=cerp&rank=2).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Corli
- Department of Oncology, Unità di Ricerca nel Dolore e Cure Palliative.
| | - I Floriani
- Department of Oncology, Laboratorio di Ricerca Clinica, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - A Roberto
- Department of Oncology, Unità di Ricerca nel Dolore e Cure Palliative
| | - M Montanari
- Department of Oncology, Unità di Ricerca nel Dolore e Cure Palliative
| | - F Galli
- Department of Oncology, Laboratorio di Ricerca Clinica, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan
| | - M T Greco
- Department of Oncology, Unità di Ricerca nel Dolore e Cure Palliative; Department of Statistics, Università di Milano, Milan
| | - A Caraceni
- Palliative Care Complex Structure, Terapia del dolore e Riabilitazione, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S Kaasa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - T A Dragani
- S.S.D. Epidemiology, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - G Azzarello
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale di U.O.C. di Oncologia Mirano-ASL 13 Regione Veneto, Mirano
| | - M Luzzani
- Department of Orthogeriatrics, S.S.D. Cure Palliative, riabilitazione e stabilizzazione E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova
| | - L Cavanna
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale di Piacenza, Piacenza
| | - E Bandieri
- Unit of Supportive and Simultaneous Care, Medical Oncology Division USL, Modena
| | - T Gamucci
- UOC Medical Oncology, Ospedale SS Trinità, Sora
| | - G Lipari
- Palliative Care, P.O. di Salemi-ASP 9, Trapani
| | - R Di Gregorio
- U.O.S Obstetric Anasthesia and Pain Therapy, Opedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù - Fatebenefratelli, Benevento
| | - D Valenti
- Palliative Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Valtellina e Valchiavenna, Morbegno
| | - C Reale
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anaesthetics and Geriatrics, Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, Rome
| | - L Pavesi
- Unit of Oncology, RCCS-Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia
| | - V Iorno
- Centre for Pain Medicine M. TIENGO, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - C Crispino
- UOSD Treatment of Lung Cancer Complications, AO Dei Colli Monaldi Cotugno CTO Ospedale Monaldi, Napoli
| | - M Pacchioni
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milan
| | - G Apolone
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Galvan A, Colombo F, Frullanti E, Dassano A, Noci S, Wang Y, Eisen T, Matakidou A, Tomasello L, Vezzalini M, Sorio C, Dugo M, Ambrogi F, Iacobucci I, Martinelli G, Incarbone M, Alloisio M, Nosotti M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Pelosi G, Pastorino U, Houlston RS, Dragani TA. Germline polymorphisms and survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients: a genome-wide study in two European patient series. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E262-71. [PMID: 25196286 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In lung cancer, the survival of patients with the same clinical stage varies widely for unknown reasons. In this two-phase study, we examined the hypothesis that germline variations influence the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. First, we analyzed existing genotype and clinical data from 289 UK-resident patients with lung adenocarcinoma, identifying 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associated with survival (p < 0.01). We then genotyped these candidate SNPs in a validation series of 748 patients from Italy that resulted genetically compatible with the UK series based on principal component analysis. In a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex and clinical stage, four SNPs were confirmed on the basis of their having a hazard ratio (HR) indicating the same direction of effect in the two series and p < 0.05. The strongest association was provided by rs2107561, an intronic SNP of PTPRG, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, G; the C allele was associated with poorer survival in both patient series (pooled analysis loge HR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15-0.46, p = 8.5 × 10(-5) ). PTPRG mRNA levels in 43 samples of lung adenocarcinoma were 40% of those observed in noninvolved lung tissue from the same patients. PTPRG overexpression significantly inhibited the clonogenicity of A549 lung carcinoma cells and the anchorage-independent growth of the NCI-H460 large cell lung cancer line. These four germline variants represent promising candidates that, with further study, may help predict clinical outcome. In addition, the PTPRG locus may have a role in tumor progression.
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Renieri A, Mencarelli MA, Cetta F, Baldassarri M, Mari F, Furini S, Piu P, Ariani F, Dragani TA, Frullanti E. Oligogenic germline mutations identified in early non-smokers lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:168-74. [PMID: 24954872 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A polygenic model is commonly assumed for the predisposition to common cancers. With respect to lung cancer, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified three loci at 15q25, 5p15.33, and 6p21. However, the relative risks associated with alleles at these loci are low; in addition, the data are limited to smokers, and have not been quite reproducible. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate genetic susceptibility we have adopted an entirely novel patient selection strategy. First, we have selected for adenocarcinoma (ADCA) histology only; second, we have selected non-smokers; third we have selected patients who developed ADCA of lung before the age of 60 and who had an older unaffected sib: we have identified 31 such sib-pairs. Among them, we selected two patients with very early age at disease onset (37- and 49-years old), and having a healthy sibling available for genome comparison older than at least 7 years. RESULTS On germline DNA samples of four subjects of two such pairs we have carried out whole exome sequencing. Truncating mutations were detected in 8 'cancer genes' in one affected, and in 5 cancer genes in the other affected subject: but none in the two healthy sibs (p=0.0026). Some of these mutant genes (such as BAG6, SPEN and WISP3) are recognized as major cancer players in lung tumors; others have been previously identified in other human cancers (JAK2, TCEB3C, NELFE, TAF1B, EBLN2), in mouse models (GON4L, NOP58, and RBMX) or in genome-wide association studies (KIAA2018, ZNF311). CONCLUSIONS This study identifies for the first time in non-smokers with lung adenocarcinoma specific sets of germline mutations that, together, may predispose to this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renieri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Mari
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Furini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Piu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Frullanti
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
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Bjaanaes MM, Halvorsen AR, Solberg S, Jørgensen L, Dragani TA, Galvan A, Colombo F, Anderlini M, Pastorino U, Kure E, Børresen-Dale AL, Brustugun OT, Helland A. Unique microRNA-profiles in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1812-21. [PMID: 24599520 PMCID: PMC4235315 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The findings of mutations and the development of targeted therapies have improved lung cancer management. Still, the prognosis remains poor, and we need to know more about the genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung cancer. MicroRNAs are involved in crucial biological processes like carcinogenesis by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this project, we have studied the microRNA expression of lung adenocarcinomas and corresponding normal lung tissue and correlated the expression with clinical data and EGFR- and KRAS-mutational status. Agilent microarrays have been used, examining microRNA expression in 154 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas and 20 corresponding normal lung tissue samples. Findings were confirmed by RT-qPCR in the same cohort and in an independent cohort of 103 lung cancer patients. EGFR and KRAS mutation analyses were also performed. 129 microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinomas compared with normal lung tissue, and 17 microRNAs were differentially expressed between EGFR-mutated and EGFR wildtype tumors. We identified microRNAs associated with time to progression. We have identified several aberrantly expressed microRNAs that discriminate lung adenocarcinomas from normal lung tissue, and hence may be potential biomarkers for early detection. We have found microRNAs that are differentially expressed between EGFR-mutated and EGFR wildtype lung adenocarcinomas, suggesting that microRNAs can be used as molecular biomarkers in classification. We hypothesize that microRNA expression can be used as biomarkers for clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moksnes Bjaanaes
- Department of Genetics Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Galvan A, Frullanti E, Anderlini M, Manenti G, Noci S, Dugo M, Ambrogi F, De Cecco L, Spinelli R, Piazza R, Pirola A, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Incarbone M, Alloisio M, Tosi D, Nosotti M, Santambrogio L, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. Gene expression signature of non-involved lung tissue associated with survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2767-73. [PMID: 23978379 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma patients of similar clinical stage and undergoing the same treatments often have marked interindividual variations in prognosis. These clinical discrepancies may be due to the genetic background modulating an individual's predisposition to fighting cancer. Herein, we hypothesized that the lung microenvironment, as reflected by its expression profile, may affect lung adenocarcinoma patients' survival. The transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue, excised from a discovery series of 204 lung adenocarcinoma patients, was evaluated using whole-genome expression microarrays (with probes corresponding to 28 688 well-annotated coding sequences). Genes associated with survival status at 60 months were identified by Cox regression analysis (adjusted for gender, age and clinical stage) and retested in a validation series of 78 additional cases. RNA-Seq analysis from non-involved lung tissue of 12 patients was performed to characterize the different isoforms of candidate genes. Ten genes for which the loge-transformed hazard ratios expressed the same direction of effect in the discovery (P < 1.0 × 10(-3)) and validation series comprised the gene expression signature associated with survival: CNTNAP1, PKNOX1, FAM156A, FRMD8, GALNTL1, TXNDC12, SNTB1, PPP3R1, SNX10 and SERPINH1. RNA sequencing highlighted the complex expression pattern of these genes in non-involved lung tissue from different patients and permitted the detection of a read-through gene fusion between PPP3R1 and the flanking gene (CNRIP1) as well as a novel isoform of CNTNAP1. Our findings support the hypothesis that individual genetic characteristics, evidenced by the expression pattern of non-involved tissue, influence the outcome of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Dassano A, Noci S, Galbiati F, Colombo F, Trincucci G, Pettinicchio A, Dragani TA, Manenti G. Multigenic nature of the mouse pulmonary adenoma progression 1 locus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:152. [PMID: 23497166 PMCID: PMC3602191 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In an intercross between the SWR/J and BALB/c mouse strains, the pulmonary adenoma progression 1 (Papg1) locus on chromosome 4 modulates lung tumor size, one of several measures of lung tumor progression. This locus has not been fully characterized and defined in its extent and genetic content. Fine mapping of this and other loci affecting lung tumor phenotype is possible using recombinant inbred strains. Results A population of 376 mice, obtained by crossing mice of the SWR/J strain with CXBN recombinant inbred mice, was treated with a single dose of urethane and assayed for multiplicity of large lung tumors (N2lung). A genome-wide analysis comparing N2lung with 6364 autosomal SNPs revealed multiple peaks of association. The Papg1 locus had two peaks, at rs3654162 (70.574 Mb, -logP=2.8) and rs6209043 (86.606 Mb, -logP=2.7), joined by an interval of weaker statistical association; these data confirm the presence of Papg1 on chromosome 4 and reduce the mapping region to two stretches of ~6.8 and ~4.2 Mb, in the proximal and distal peaks, respectively. The distal peak included Cdkn2a, a gene already proposed as being involved in Papg1 function. Other loci possibly modulating N2lung were detected on chromosomes 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, and 19, but analysis for linkage disequilibrium of these putative loci with Papg1 locus suggested that only those on chromosomes 11 and 15 were true positives. Conclusions These findings suggest that Papg1 consists, most likely, of two distinct, nearby loci, and point to putative additional loci on chromosomes 11 and 15 modulating lung tumor size. Within Papg1, Cdkn2a appears to be a strong candidate gene while additional Papg1 genes await to be identified. Greater knowledge of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying the germ-line modulation of lung tumor size in mice is relevant to other species, including humans, in that it may help identify new therapeutic targets in the fight against tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dassano
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Falvella FS, Alberio T, Noci S, Santambrogio L, Nosotti M, Incarbone M, Pastorino U, Fasano M, Dragani TA. Multiple isoforms and differential allelic expression of CHRNA5 in lung tissue and lung adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1281-5. [PMID: 23430818 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHRNA5 gene expression variation may play a role in individual susceptibility to lung cancer. Analysis of CHRNA5 transcripts expressed in normal lung tissue detected the full-length transcript (isoform-1) and four splicing transcripts (isoform-2 to isoform-5), derived from the recognition of other splice sites in exon 5. Isoforms-2, -3 and -4 were found by protein modeling to form a completely folded, potentially functional extracellular domain and were observed at the protein level, whereas isoform-5 lacked a consistent part of the distorted β sandwich and was not seen at the protein level. Only isoform-1 appeared to encode a complete, functional subunit able to fulfill the ion channel function. We previously reported that CHRNA5 expression is associated with genetic polymorphisms at this locus and that three haplotypes in its promoter region show functional regulation in vitro. Analysis of differential allelic expression (DAE) of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs503464, rs55853698 and rs55781567) tagging the expression haplotypes of the CHRNA5 promoter indicated statistically significant DAE at rs55853698 and rs55781567, in both normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the presence of multiple CHRNA5 messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms that may modulate the multimeric nicotine receptor and cis-regulatory variations in the CHRNA5 locus that act in vivo in the control of CHRNA5 mRNA expression, in normal lung tissue and in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S Falvella
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
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Galvan A, Noci S, Taverna F, Lombardo C, Franceschi S, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. Testing of human papillomavirus in lung cancer and non-tumor lung tissue. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:512. [PMID: 23140419 PMCID: PMC3537645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors for lung cancer, such as cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, asbestos, and genetic determinants, are well-known, whereas involvement of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is still unclear. Methods We examined a series of 100 lung cancer patients from Italy and the UK for the presence of HPV DNA in both lung tumor specimens and adjacent non-tumoral specimens from the same patients. Thirty-five of the most clinically relevant HPV types were assayed using PCR amplification of the highly conserved L1 region of the viral genome followed by hybridization with specific probes. Results No HPV was detected in tumor specimens nor in normal lung tissue of any patient. Conclusions These data indicate that, in this Western series, HPV is not associated with the risk of lung cancer. Our findings will help refine estimates of lung cancer risk in patients affected by a common viral infection involved in other types of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Galvan
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
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Frullanti E, Colombo F, Falvella FS, Galvan A, Noci S, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Alloisio M, Santambrogio L, Nosotti M, Tosi D, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. Association of lung adenocarcinoma clinical stage with gene expression pattern in noninvolved lung tissue. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E643-8. [PMID: 22223368 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Associations between clinical outcome of cancer patients and the gene expression signature in primary tumors at time of diagnosis have been reported. To test whether gene expression patterns in noninvolved lung tissue might correlate with clinical stage in lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) patients, we compared the transcriptome of noninvolved lung samples from 60 ADCA smoker patients of clinical stage I versus 60 patients with stage>I. Quantitative PCR of 10 genes with the most significant differential expression confirmed the statistical association with clinical stage in eight genes, six of which were downregulated in high-stage patients. Five of these six genes were also downregulated in lung ADCA tissue as compared to noninvolved tissue. Studies in vitro indicated that four of the genes (SLC14A1, SMAD6, TMEM100 and TXNIP) inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cell lines transfected to overexpress the genes, suggesting their potential tumor-suppressor activity. Our findings suggest that individual variations in the transcriptional profile of noninvolved lung tissue may reflect the lung ADCA patient's predisposition to tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frullanti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Galvan A, Fladvad T, Skorpen F, Gao X, Klepstad P, Kaasa S, Dragani TA. Genetic clustering of European cancer patients indicates that opioid-mediated pain relief is independent of ancestry. Pharmacogenomics J 2011; 12:412-6. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Colombo F, Falvella FS, Galvan A, Frullanti E, Kunitoh H, Ushijima T, Dragani TA. A 5'-region polymorphism modulates promoter activity of the tumor suppressor gene MFSD2A. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:81. [PMID: 21736709 PMCID: PMC3155907 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MFSD2A gene maps within a linkage disequilibrium block containing the MYCL1-EcoRI polymorphism associated with prognosis and survival in lung cancer patients. Survival discrepancies between Asians and Caucasians point to ethnic differences in allelic frequencies of the functional genetic variations. RESULTS Analysis of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping in the MFSD2A 5'-regulatory region using a luciferase reporter system showed that SNP rs12072037, in linkage disequilibrium with the MYCL1-EcoRI polymorphism and polymorphic in Asians but not in Caucasians, modulated transcriptional activity of the MFSD2A promoter in cell lines expressing AHR and ARNT transcription factors, which potentially bind to the SNP site. CONCLUSION SNP rs12072037 modulates MFSD2A promoter activity and thus might affect MFSD2A levels in normal lung and in lung tumors, representing a candidate ethnically specific genetic factor underlying the association between the MYCL1 locus and lung cancer patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colombo
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Galvan A, Skorpen F, Klepstad P, Knudsen AK, Fladvad T, Falvella FS, Pigni A, Brunelli C, Caraceni A, Kaasa S, Dragani TA. Multiple Loci modulate opioid therapy response for cancer pain. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4581-7. [PMID: 21622719 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients treated with opioid drugs for cancer pain experience different relief responses, raising the possibility that genetic factors play a role in opioid therapy outcome. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variations may control individual response to opioid drugs in cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in European cancer patients, selected in a first series, for extremely poor (pain relief ≤40%; n = 145) or good (pain relief ≥90%; n = 293) responses to opioid therapy using a DNA-pooling approach. Candidate SNPs identified by SNP-array were genotyped in individual samples constituting DNA pools as well as in a second series of 570 patients. RESULTS Association analysis in 1,008 cancer patients identified eight SNPs significantly associated with pain relief at a statistical threshold of P < 1.0 × 10⁻³, with rs12948783, upstream of the RHBDF2 gene, showing the best statistical association (P = 8.1 × 10⁻⁹). Functional annotation analysis of SNP-tagged genes suggested the involvement of genes acting on processes of the neurologic system. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the identified SNP panel can modulate the response of cancer patients to opioid therapy and may provide a new tool for personalized therapy of cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Galvan
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Frullanti E, Galvan A, Falvella FS, Manenti G, Colombo F, Vannelli A, Incarbone M, Alloisio M, Nosotti M, Santambrogio L, Gonzalez-Neira A, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. Multiple genetic loci modulate lung adenocarcinoma clinical staging. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2410-6. [PMID: 21242121 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main prognostic factor of lung cancer patient outcome is clinical stage, a parameter of tumor aggressiveness. Our study was conducted to test whether germ line variations modulate individual differences in clinical stage. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a case-only genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a 620,901 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in a first series of 600 lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) patients and in a replication series of 317 lung ADCA patients. RESULTS GWAS identified 54 putatively associated SNPs, 3 of which were confirmed in the replication series. Joint analysis of the two series pointed to 22 statistically associated (P < 0.01) genetic variants that together explained about 20% of the phenotypic variation in clinical staging (P < 2 × 10(-16)) and showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival (P = 8.0 × 10(-8)). The strongest statistical association was observed at rs10278557 (P = 1.1 × 10(-5)), located in the mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) gene. CONCLUSION These data point to the role of germ line variations involving multiple loci in modulating clinical stage and, therefore, prognosis in lung ADCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frullanti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Colombo F, Spinola M, Falvella FS, Sullivan JP, Shames DS, Girard L, Spessotto P, Minna JD, Dragani TA. MFSD2A is a novel lung tumour suppressor gene whose expression is modulated by a 5’-region polymorphism. BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Frullanti E, Dragani TA. FGFR4 GLY388ARG polymorphism modulates cancer patients' survival in pooled analysis. BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Colombo F, Spinola M, Falvella FS, Sullivan JP, Shames DS, Girard L, Spessotto P, Minna JD, Dragani TA. MFSD2A is a novel lung tumour suppressor gene whose expression is modulated by a 5’-region polymorphism. BMC Proc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3255054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Spinola
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy ,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - James P Sullivan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David S Shames
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - John D Minna
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Frullanti E, Dragani TA. FGFR4 GLY388ARG polymorphism modulates cancer patients' survival in pooled analysis. BMC Proc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3255055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frullanti
- Department of Predictive and for Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Predictive and for Prevention Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Galvan A, Vorraro F, Cabrera WHK, Ribeiro OG, Pazzaglia S, Mancuso M, Zolin A, Milani S, Saran A, Ibañez OM, Dragani TA. Genetic heterogeneity of inflammatory response and skin tumorigenesis in phenotypically selected mouse lines. Cancer Lett 2010; 295:54-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Falvella FS, Galvan A, Colombo F, Frullanti E, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. Promoter polymorphisms and transcript levels of nicotinic receptor CHRNA5. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1366-70. [PMID: 20733116 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal locus 15q25, implicated in lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence, shows extensive linkage disequilibrium that complicates identification of causal variation. Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha5 (CHRNA5) has been identified as a lung cancer risk factor. We identified by sequence analysis three haplotypes (delTTC, insATC, and insTGG) in the 5' promoter region and three at the 3'-untranslated region of CHRNA5. Linkage disequilibrium analysis of the 5' variants showed that the insTGG haplotype is associated with three tightly linked risk alleles (nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The three CHRNA5 promoter haplotypes were statistically significantly associated with lung CHRNA5 transcript levels, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In nontumor lung parenchyma from 68 patients who underwent lung lobectomy, the delTTC haplotype was associated with the highest CHRNA5 transcript levels (relative quantification units = 1.82), whereas the insTGG haplotype was associated with the lowest (0.88 units, P(diff) < .001, Welch t test; all statistical tests were two-sided). Luciferase reporter assays in human lung cancer cell lines A549, H460, H520, and H596 also showed that the 5' region haplotypes were statistically significantly associated with changes in CHRNA5 promoter activity, whereas the 3'-untranslated region variants were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S Falvella
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, Milan, Italy
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Vorraro F, Galvan A, Cabrera WHK, Carneiro PS, Ribeiro OG, De Franco M, Starobinas N, Jensen JR, Seman M, Dragani TA, Ibañez OCM. Genetic control of IL-1 beta production and inflammatory response by the mouse Irm1 locus. J Immunol 2010; 185:1616-21. [PMID: 20610646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide linkage analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays was carried out in pedigrees of mice differing in the extent of acute inflammatory response (AIRmax or AIRmin). The AIR phenotype was determined by quantifying the number of infiltrating cells in the 24-h exudate induced by Biogel P-100 s.c. injection and by ex vivo IL-1beta production by leukocytes stimulated with LPS and ATP. We mapped the major inflammatory response modulator 1 locus on chromosome 7, at the 1-logarithm of odds (LOD) confidence interval from 116.75 to 139.75 Mb, linked to the number of infiltrating cells (LOD = 3.61) through the production of IL-1beta (LOD = 9.35). Of several interesting candidate genes mapping to the inflammatory response modulator 1 locus, 28 of these were differentially expressed in the bone marrow of AIRmax and AIRmin mice. These findings represent a step toward the identification of the genes underlying this complex phenotype.
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Amendola E, Sanges R, Galvan A, Dathan N, Manenti G, Ferrandino G, Alvino FM, Di Palma T, Scarfò M, Zannini M, Dragani TA, De Felice M, Di Lauro R. A locus on mouse chromosome 2 is involved in susceptibility to congenital hypothyroidism and contains an essential gene expressed in thyroid. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1948-58. [PMID: 20160132 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here the mapping of a chromosomal region responsible for strain-specific development of congenital hypothyroidism in mice heterozygous for null mutations in genes encoding Nkx2-1/Titf1 and Pax8. The two strains showing a differential predisposition to congenital hypothyroidism contain several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in this locus, one of which leads to a nonsynonymous amino acid change in a highly conserved region of Dnajc17, a member of the type III heat-shock protein-40 (Hsp40) family. We demonstrate that Dnajc17 is highly expressed in the thyroid bud and had an essential function in development, suggesting an important role of this protein in organogenesis and/or function of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Amendola
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale I, Naples 80121, Italy
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