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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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Tyler SE, Tyler LD. Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:210-234. [PMID: 36880056 PMCID: PMC9984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest challenges in medicine are the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which remain without a cure and mostly progress to death. A companion study employed a toolkit methodology to document 2001 plant species with ethnomedicinal uses for alleviating pathologies relevant to NDs, focusing on its relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to find plants with therapeutic bioactivities for a range of NDs. 1339 of the 2001 plant species were found to have a bioactivity from the literature of therapeutic relevance to NDs such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AD, motor neurone diseases, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Neimann-Pick disease, glaucoma, Friedreich's ataxia and Batten disease. 43 types of bioactivities were found, such as reducing protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, and promoting neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, longevity, and anti-microbial activity. Ethno-led plant selection was more effective than random selection of plant species. Our findings indicate that ethnomedicinal plants provide a large resource of ND therapeutic potential. The extensive range of bioactivities validate the usefulness of the toolkit methodology in the mining of this data. We found that a number of the documented plants are able to modulate molecular mechanisms underlying various key ND pathologies, revealing a promising and even profound capacity to halt and reverse the processes of neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- A-H, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- C. elegans,, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- CS, Cockayne syndrome
- Ech A, Echinochrome A
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FRDA, Friedreich’s ataxia
- FTD, Frontotemporal dementia
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- Hsp, Heat shock protein
- LSD, Lysosomal storage diseases
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MSP, Multisystem proteinopathy
- Medicinal plant
- ND, neurodegenerative disease
- NPC, Neimann-Pick disease type C
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuro-inflammation
- Neurodegeneration
- Neurogenesis
- PC, pharmacological chaperone
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- Protein misfolding
- SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy
- VD, Vascular dementia
- prion dis, prion diseases
- α-syn, alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E.B. Tyler
- John Ray Research Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luke D.K. Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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3
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Choi K, Yang A, Baek J, Jeong H, Kang Y, Baek W, Kim JC, Kang M, Choi M, Ham Y, Son MJ, Han SB, Kim J, Jang JH, Ahn JS, Shen H, Woo SH, Kim JH, Cho S. Regulation of Survival Motor Neuron Gene Expression by Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910234. [PMID: 34638572 PMCID: PMC8508836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by homozygous survival of motor neurons 1 (SMN1) gene deletion, leaving a duplicate gene, SMN2, as the sole source of SMN protein. However, a defect in SMN2 splicing, involving exon 7 skipping, results in a low level of functional SMN protein. Therefore, the upregulation of SMN protein expression from the SMN2 gene is generally considered to be one of the best therapeutic strategies to treat SMA. Most of the SMA drug discovery is based on synthetic compounds, and very few natural compounds have been explored thus far. Here, we performed an unbiased mechanism-independent and image-based screen of a library of microbial metabolites in SMA fibroblasts using an SMN-specific immunoassay. In doing so, we identified brefeldin A (BFA), a well-known inhibitor of ER-Golgi protein trafficking, as a strong inducer of SMN protein. The profound increase in SMN protein was attributed to, in part, the rescue of the SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing defect. Intriguingly, BFA increased the intracellular calcium concentration, and the BFA-induced exon 7 inclusion of SMN2 splicing, was abrogated by the depletion of intracellular calcium and by the pharmacological inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs). Moreover, BFA considerably reduced the expression of Tra2-β and SRSF9 proteins in SMA fibroblasts and enhanced the binding of PSF and hnRNP M to an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) of exon 7. Together, our results demonstrate a significant role for calcium and its signaling on the regulation of SMN splicing, probably through modulating the expression/activity of splicing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangman Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Ansook Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Jiyeon Baek
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Hyejeong Jeong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Yura Kang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (Y.K.); (W.B.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Woosun Baek
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (Y.K.); (W.B.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-C.K.); (M.-J.S.)
| | - Mingu Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Miri Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Youngwook Ham
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.S.A.)
| | - Min-Jeong Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-C.K.); (M.-J.S.)
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea;
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.S.A.)
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.S.A.)
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Haihong Shen
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of life Sciences, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.-C.K.); (M.-J.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.W.); (J.H.K.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5924 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2204 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6105 (S.C.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2006 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6159 (S.C)
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (Y.K.); (W.B.)
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.W.); (J.H.K.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5924 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2204 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6105 (S.C.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2006 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6159 (S.C)
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (K.C.); (A.Y.); (J.B.); (H.J.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (J.-H.J.); (J.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.W.); (J.H.K.); (S.C.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5924 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2204 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6105 (S.C.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (S.-H.W.); +82-31-920-2006 (J.H.K.); +82-43-240-6159 (S.C)
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5
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do Valle IF, Roweth HG, Malloy MW, Moco S, Barron D, Battinelli E, Loscalzo J, Barabási AL. Network medicine framework shows that proximity of polyphenol targets and disease proteins predicts therapeutic effects of polyphenols. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:143-155. [PMID: 37117448 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, natural products present in plant-based foods, play a protective role against several complex diseases through their antioxidant activity and by diverse molecular mechanisms. Here we develop a network medicine framework to uncover mechanisms for the effects of polyphenols on health by considering the molecular interactions between polyphenol protein targets and proteins associated with diseases. We find that the protein targets of polyphenols cluster in specific neighbourhoods of the human interactome, whose network proximity to disease proteins is predictive of the molecule's known therapeutic effects. The methodology recovers known associations, such as the effect of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on type 2 diabetes, and predicts that rosmarinic acid has a direct impact on platelet function, representing a novel mechanism through which it could affect cardiovascular health. We experimentally confirm that rosmarinic acid inhibits platelet aggregation and α-granule secretion through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, offering direct support for the predicted molecular mechanism. Our framework represents a starting point for mechanistic interpretation of the health effects underlying food-related compounds, allowing us to integrate into a predictive framework knowledge on food metabolism, bioavailability and drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo F do Valle
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harvey G Roweth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Malloy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Barron
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Battinelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Network Science Institute and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Luthra R, Roy A. Role of medicinal plants against neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:123-139. [PMID: 33573549 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210211123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diseases with a significant loss of neurons, structurally and functionally are termed as neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the present therapeutic interventions and progressive nature of diseases, a variety of side effects have risen up, thus leading the patients to go for an alternative medication. The role of medicinal plants in such cases has been beneficial because of their exhibition via different cellular and molecular mechanisms. Alleviation in inflammatory responses, suppression of the functionary aspect of pro-inflammatory cytokines like a tumor, improvement in antioxidative properties is among few neuroprotective mechanisms of traditional plants. Variation in transcription and transduction pathways play a vital role in the preventive measures of plants in such diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are generally caused by depletion of proteins, oxidative and inflammatory stress, environmental changes and so on, with aging being the most important cause. Natural compounds can be used in order to treat neurodegenerative diseases Medicinal plants such as Ginseng, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, etc. are some of the medicinal plants for prevention of neurological symptoms. This review deals with the use of different medicinal plants for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Luthra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi. India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida. India
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Abstract
Objectives: The beneficial effects of many substances have been discovered because of regular dietary consumption. This is also the case with curcumin, whose effects have been known for more than 4,000 years in Eastern countries such as China and India. A curcumin-rich diet has been known to counteract many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes, and has been shown to reduce inflammation. The effect of a curcumin treatment for neurological diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis; and others, has only recently been brought to the attention of researchers and the wider population.Methods: In this paper, we summarise the studies on this natural product, from its isolation two centuries ago to its characterisation a century later.Results: We describe its role in the treatment of neurological diseases, including its cellular and common molecular mechanisms, and we report on the clinical trials of curcumin with healthy people and patients.Discussion: Commenting on the different approaches adopted by the efforts made to increase its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Santoro M, Piacentini R, Perna A, Pisano E, Severino A, Modoni A, Grassi C, Silvestri G. Resveratrol corrects aberrant splicing of RYR1 pre-mRNA and Ca 2+ signal in myotonic dystrophy type 1 myotubes. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1757-1766. [PMID: 32209783 PMCID: PMC7437583 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a spliceopathy related to the mis-splicing of several genes caused by sequestration of nuclear transcriptional RNA-binding factors from non-coding CUG repeats of DMPK pre-mRNAs. Dysregulation of ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), sarcoplasmatic/endoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and α1S subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav1.1) is related to Ca2+ homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling impairment. Though no pharmacological treatment for DM1 exists, aberrant splicing correction represents one major therapeutic target for this disease. Resveratrol (RES, 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a promising pharmacological tools for DM1 treatment for its ability to directly bind the DNA and RNA influencing gene expression and alternative splicing. Herein, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of RES in DM1 myotubes in a pilot study including cultured myotubes from two DM1 patients and two healthy controls. Our results indicated that RES treatment corrected the aberrant splicing of RYR1, and this event appeared associated with restoring of depolarization-induced Ca2+ release from RYR1 dependent on the electro-mechanical coupling between RYR1 and Cav1.1. Interestingly, immunoblotting studies showed that RES treatment was associated with a reduction in the levels of CUGBP Elav-like family member 1, while RYR1, Cav1.1 and SERCA1 protein levels were unchanged. Finally, RES treatment did not induce any major changes either in the amount of ribonuclear foci or sequestration of muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1. Overall, the results of this pilot study would support RES as an attractive compound for future clinical trials in DM1. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy (rs9879/14) on May 20, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pisano
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Modoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Baek J, Jeong H, Ham Y, Jo YH, Choi M, Kang M, Son B, Choi S, Ryu HW, Kim J, Shen H, Sydara K, Lee SW, Kim SY, Han SB, Oh SR, Cho S. Improvement of spinal muscular atrophy via correction of the SMN2 splicing defect by Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. extract and Bruceine D. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:153089. [PMID: 31563042 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease and a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused primarily by the deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which leaves the duplicate gene SMN2 as the sole source of SMN protein. The splicing defect (exon 7 skipping) of SMN2 leads to an insufficient amount of SMN protein. Therefore, correcting this SMN2 splicing defect is considered to be a promising approach for the treatment of SMA. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify active compounds and extracts from plant resources to rescue SMA phenotypes through the correction of SMN2 splicing. STUDY DESIGN Of available plant resources, candidates with SMA-related traditional medicine information were selected for screening using a robust luciferase-based SMN2 splicing reporter. Primary hits were further evaluated for their ability to correct the splicing defect and resultant increase of SMN activity in SMA patient-derived fibroblasts. Confirmed hits were finally tested to determine the beneficial effects on the severe Δ7 SMA mouse. METHODS SMN2 splicing was analyzed using a luciferase-based SMN2 splicing reporter and subsequent RT-PCR of SMN2 mRNAs. SMA phenotypes were evaluated by the survival, body weights, and righting reflex of Δ7 SMA mice. RESULTS In a screen of 492 selected plant extracts, we found that Brucea javanica extract and its major constituent Bruceine D have SMN2 splicing-correcting activity. Their ability to correct the splicing defect and the resulting increased SMN activity were further confirmed in SMA fibroblasts. Importantly, both B. javanica and Bruceine D noticeably improved the phenotypic defects, especially muscle function, in SMA mice. Reduced expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) contributed to the correction of splicing by B. javanica. CONCLUSION Our work revealed that B. javanica and Bruceine D correct the SMN2 splicing defect and improve the symptoms of SMA in mice. These resources will provide another possibility for development of a plant-derived SMA drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Baek
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Jeong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Ham
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Jo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Son
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Haihong Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Ministry of Health, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane 116, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kurata M, Fujiwara N, Fujita KI, Yamanaka Y, Seno S, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Takahashi N, Shibuya Y, Masuda S. Food-Derived Compounds Apigenin and Luteolin Modulate mRNA Splicing of Introns with Weak Splice Sites. iScience 2019; 22:336-352. [PMID: 31809999 PMCID: PMC6909097 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often exhibit extreme sensitivity to splicing inhibitors. We identified food-derived flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin, as compounds that modulate mRNA splicing at the genome-wide level, followed by proliferation inhibition. They bind to mRNA splicing-related proteins to induce a widespread change of splicing patterns in treated cells. Their inhibitory activity on splicing is relatively moderate, and introns with weak splice sites tend to be sensitive to them. Such introns remain unspliced, and the resulting intron-containing mRNAs are retained in the nucleus, resulting in the nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNAs in these flavonoid-treated cells. Tumorigenic cells are more susceptible to these flavonoids than nontumorigenic cells, both for the nuclear poly(A)+ RNA-accumulating phenotype and cell viability. This study illustrates the possible mechanism of these flavonoids to suppress tumor progression in vivo that were demonstrated by previous studies and provides the potential of daily intake of moderate splicing inhibitors to prevent cancer development. Food-derived compounds, apigenin and luteolin, modulate mRNA splicing The treatment of these flavonoids causes numerous alternative splicing events Splicing of introns with weak splice sites tend to be inhibited by these flavonoids Tumorigenic cells are more sensitive to these flavonoids than non-tumorigenic cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kurata
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujiwara
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamanaka
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yusaku Miyamae
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Seiji Masuda
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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11
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Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Ray B, Tuladhar S, Hediyal TA, Manthiannem E, Padamati J, Chandra R, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK. Benefits of curcumin in brain disorders. Biofactors 2019; 45:666-689. [PMID: 31185140 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is widely consumed in Asia either as turmeric directly or as one of the culinary ingredients in food recipes. The benefits of curcumin in different organ systems have been reported extensively in several neurological diseases and cancer. Curcumin has got its global recognition because of its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, it is used in diabetes and arthritis as well as in hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there is growing attention on usage of curcumin to prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes available data from several recent studies on curcumin in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Prions disease, stroke, Down's syndrome, autism, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anxiety, depression, and aging. Recent advancements toward increasing the therapeutic efficacy of curcuma/curcumin formulation and the novel delivery strategies employed to overcome its minimal bioavailability and toxicity studies have also been discussed. This review also summarizes the ongoing clinical trials on curcumin for different neurodegenerative diseases and patent details of curcuma/curcumin in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Tousif A Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Esther Manthiannem
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Jagadeeswari Padamati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Saravana B Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
- Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Meena K Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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12
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Li P, Liu A, Xiong W, Lin H, Xiao W, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Z. Catechins enhance skeletal muscle performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:515-528. [PMID: 30633538 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1549534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-related disorders, such as sarcopenia and cachexia, caused by aging and chronic diseases can lead to the loss of muscle mass and strength to different degrees, severely affecting human health. Globally, tea is one of the three most popular beverages, and its major active ingredient catechins have been reported to delay muscular atrophy and enhance movement. However, currently, there is no systematic review to elaborate its roles and the associated mechanisms. This article reviews the (1) functions and mechanisms of catechins in the differentiation of myogenic stem cells, biogenesis of mitochondria, synthesis and degradation of proteins, regulation of glucose level, and metabolism of lipids in muscle cells; and (2) effect of catechins on the blood vessels, bones, and nerves that are closely related to the skeletal muscles. Catechins could prevent, mitigate, delay, and even treat muscle-related disorders caused by aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Dembic M, Andersen HS, Bastin J, Doktor TK, Corydon TJ, Sass JO, Lopes Costa A, Djouadi F, Andresen BS. Next generation sequencing of RNA reveals novel targets of resveratrol with possible implications for Canavan disease. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:64-76. [PMID: 30446350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a small compound first identified as an activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key factor in mediating the effects of caloric restriction. Since then, RSV received great attention for its widespread beneficial effects on health and in connection to many diseases. RSV improves the metabolism and the mitochondrial function, and more recently it was shown to restore fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) capacities in patient fibroblasts harboring mutations with residual enzyme activity. Many of RSV's beneficial effects are mediated by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, a direct target of SIRT1 and a master regulator of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Despite numerous studies RSV's mechanism of action is still not completely elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of RSV on gene regulation on a wide scale, possibly to detect novel genes whose up-regulation by RSV may be of interest with respect to disease treatment. We performed Next Generation Sequencing of RNA on normal fibroblasts treated with RSV. To investigate whether the effects of RSV are mediated through SIRT1 we expanded the analysis to include SIRT1-knockdown fibroblasts. We identified the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, mutated in Canavan disease, to be strongly up-regulated by RSV in several cell lines, including Canavan disease fibroblasts. We further link RSV to the up-regulation of other genes involved in myelination including the glial specific transcription factors POU3F1, POU3F2, and myelin basic protein (MBP). We also observe a strong up-regulation by RSV of the riboflavin transporter gene SLC52a1. Mutations in SLC52a1 cause transient multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). Our analysis of alternative splicing identified novel metabolically important genes affected by RSV, among which is particularly interesting the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα), which regulates the cellular levels of cAMP through adenylyl cyclase. We conclude that in fibroblasts RSV stimulates the PGC-1α and p53 pathways, and up-regulates genes affecting the glucose metabolism, mitochondrial β-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. We further confirm that RSV might be a relevant treatment in the correction of FAO deficiencies and we suggest that treatment in other metabolic disorders including Canavan disease and MADD might be also beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dembic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henriette S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jean Bastin
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Thomas K Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences & IFGA, University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Lopes Costa
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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14
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Lambert CA, Garbacki N, Colige AC. Chemotherapy induces alternative transcription and splicing: Facts and hopes for cancer treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:84-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Resveratrol limits epithelial to mesenchymal transition through modulation of KHSRP/hnRNPA1-dependent alternative splicing in mammary gland cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:291-298. [PMID: 28088441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RESV) is a natural polyphenolic compound endowed with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, as well as pro-apoptotic activities that make it a potential anti-tumor compound. Here we show that RESV counteracts the TGF-β-induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) phenotype in mammary gland cells and affects the alternative exon usage of pre-mRNAs that encode crucial factors in adhesion and migration -including CD44, ENAH, and FGFR2- in a panel of immortalized and transformed mammary gland cells. RESV causes a shift from the mesenchymal-specific forms of these factors to the respective epithelial forms and increases the expression of the RNA-binding proteins KHSRP and hnRNPA1. From a mechanistic point of view, we show that the combined silencing of KHSRP and hnRNPA1 prevents the RESV-dependent inclusion of the epithelial-type exons in the Cd44 pre-mRNA. Our findings support an unexpected regulatory mechanism where RESV limits EMT by controlling gene expression at post-transcriptional level.
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16
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Feng D, Cheng Y, Meng Y, Zou L, Huang S, Xie J. Multiple effects of curcumin on promoting expression of the exon 7-containing SMN2 transcript. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:40. [PMID: 26386842 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) is a modifier gene for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disease caused by insufficient SMN protein mostly due to SMN1 defect. SMN2 is nearly identical to SMN1 but unfortunately only able to produce a small amount of SMN protein due to exon 7 skipping. The exon 7-containing SMN2 transcript (SMN2_E7+) can be increased by a dietary compound, curcumin, but the involved molecular changes are not clear. Here we have found that in fibroblast cells of a SMA type II patient, curcumin enhanced the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7. Examination of the potential splicing factors showed that curcumin specifically increased the protein and transcript levels of SRSF1. The increased SRSF1 protein was mainly nuclear and hyperphosphorylated. Interestingly, the curcumin effects on the SMN2 and SRSF1 transcripts were inhibited by a protein deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A. Moreover, in support of its role in the SMN2 splicing, knocking down SRSF1 reduced the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7. Thus, curcumin appears to have multiple effects on the SMN2 transcript and its splicing regulators, including the change of alternative splicing and transcript/protein level as well as phosphorylation. Protein deacetylases and phosphatases are likely involved in these effects. Interestingly, the effects all seem to favor production of the SMN2_E7+ transcript in SMA patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairong Feng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jiuyong Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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17
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Wertz MH, Sahin M. Developing therapies for spinal muscular atrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1366:5-19. [PMID: 26173388 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal-recessive pediatric neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of spinal motor neurons. It is caused by mutation in the gene survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1), leading to loss of function of the full-length SMN protein. SMN has a number of functions in neurons, including RNA splicing and snRNP biogenesis in the nucleus, and RNA trafficking in neurites. The expression level of full-length SMN protein from the SMN2 locus modifies disease severity. Increasing full-length SMN protein by a small amount can lead to significant improvements in the neurological phenotype. Currently available interventions for spinal muscular atrophy patients are physical therapy and orthopedic, nutritional, and pulmonary interventions; these are palliative or supportive measures and do not address the etiology of the disease. In the past decade, there has been a push for developing therapeutics to improve motor phenotypes and increase life span of spinal muscular atrophy patients. These therapies are aimed primarily at restoration of full-length SMN protein levels, but other neuroprotective treatments have been investigated as well. Here, we discuss recent advances in basic and clinical studies toward finding safe and effective treatments of spinal muscular atrophy using gene therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and other small molecule modulators of SMN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Wertz
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Feng D, Su RC, Zou L, Triggs-Raine B, Huang S, Xie J. Increase of a group of PTC(+) transcripts by curcumin through inhibition of the NMD pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1104-15. [PMID: 25934542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), an mRNA surveillance mechanism, eliminates premature termination codon-containing (PTC⁺) transcripts. For instance, it maintains the homeostasis of splicing factors and degrades aberrant transcripts of human genetic disease genes. Here we examine the inhibitory effect on the NMD pathway and consequent increase of PTC+ transcripts by the dietary compound curcumin. We have found that several PTC⁺ transcripts including that of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) were specifically increased in cells by curcumin. We also observed a similar curcumin effect on the PTC⁺ mutant transcript from a Tay-Sachs-causing HEXA allele or from a beta-globin reporter gene. The curcumin effect was accompanied by significantly reduced expression of the NMD factors UPF1, 2, 3A and 3B. Consistently, in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, curcumin specifically reduced the occupancy of acetyl-histone H3 and RNA polymerase II at the promoter region (-376 to -247nt) of human UPF1, in a time- and dosage-dependent way. Importantly, knocking down UPF1 abolished or substantially reduced the difference of PTC(+) transcript levels between control and curcumin-treated cells. The disrupted curcumin effect was efficiently rescued by expression of exogenous Myc-UPF1 in the knockdown cells. Together, our data demonstrate that a group of PTC⁺ transcripts are stabilized by a dietary compound curcumin through the inhibition of UPF factor expression and the NMD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairong Feng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jiuyong Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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19
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Uzunallı G, Bora-Tatar G, Dayangaç-Erden D, Erdem-Yurter H. Effects of flavonoid quercetin on survival of motor neuron gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:350-4. [PMID: 25319353 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in muscle weakness and atrophy. To attenuate disease severity, drug development studies have been applied mainly to target the Survival of Motor Neuron 2 (SMN2) gene, which is an important modifier of SMA. Although several compounds have been tested, there is still no cure for SMA. In this study, SMN2-inducing effects of quercetin, an abundant flavonoid polyphenol in human diet, was investigated in the fibroblast cell lines of two SMA type I patients. Gene expression studies showed that quercetin upregulates SMN2 mRNA up to fourfold, but not the SMN protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Uzunallı
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Sıhhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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20
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Finley J. Alteration of splice site selection in the LMNA gene and inhibition of progerin production via AMPK activation. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:580-7. [PMID: 25216752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by an accelerated aging phenotype and an average life span of 13years. Patients typically exhibit extensive pathophysiological vascular alterations, eventually resulting in death from stroke or myocardial infarction. A silent point mutation at position 1824 (C1824T) of the LMNA gene, generating a truncated form of lamin A (progerin), has been shown to be the cause of most cases of HGPS. Interestingly, this mutation induces the use of an internal 5' cryptic splice site within exon 11 of the LMNA pre-mRNA, leading to the generation of progerin via aberrant alternative splicing. The serine-arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1 or ASF/SF2) has been shown to function as an oncoprotein and is upregulated in many cancers and other age-related disorders. Indeed, SRSF1 inhibition results in a splicing ratio in the LMNA pre-mRNA favoring lamin A production over that of progerin. It is our hypothesis that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular metabolism, may lead to a reduction in SRSF1 and thus a decrease in the use of the LMNA 5' cryptic splice site in exon 11 through upregulation of p32, a splicing factor-associated protein and putative mitochondrial chaperone that has been shown to inhibit SRSF1 and enhance mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and oxidative phosphorylation. AMPK activation by currently available compounds such as metformin, resveratrol, and berberine may thus have wide-ranging implications for disorders associated with increased production and accumulation of progerin.
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Wynne GM, Russell AJ. Drug Discovery Approaches for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases. ORPHAN DRUGS AND RARE DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782624202-00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rare neuromuscular diseases encompass many diverse and debilitating musculoskeletal disorders, ranging from ultra-orphan conditions that affect only a few families, to the so-called ‘common’ orphan diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affect several thousand individuals worldwide. Increasingly, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, in an effort to improve productivity and rebuild dwindling pipelines, are shifting their business models away from the formerly popular ‘blockbuster’ strategy, with rare diseases being an area of increased focus in recent years. As a consequence of this paradigm shift, coupled with high-profile campaigns by not-for-profit organisations and patient advocacy groups, rare neuromuscular diseases are attracting considerable attention as new therapeutic areas for improved drug therapy. Much pioneering work has taken place to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms of many rare neuromuscular diseases. This, in conjunction with the availability of new screening technologies, has inspired the development of several truly innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting the underlying pathology. A survey of medicinal chemistry approaches and the resulting clinical progress for new therapeutic agents targeting this devastating class of degenerative diseases is presented, using DMD and SMA as examples. Complementary strategies using small-molecule drugs and biological agents are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M. Wynne
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Angela J. Russell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Investigations of curcumin and resveratrol on neurite outgrowth: perspectives on spinal muscular atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:709108. [PMID: 25105137 PMCID: PMC4101952 DOI: 10.1155/2014/709108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. SMA is caused by low levels of the Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, which also leads to neurite outgrowth defects in neuronal cells. Rescue of the outgrowth defect is thought to be a strategy for SMA treatment. Polyphenolic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors might be good candidates due to their neuritogenic properties. In the present study, it was investigated whether neurite outgrowth defects could be rescued by curcumin and resveratrol, which are SMN-inducing polyphenols, having HDAC inhibition activity. According to our results, although curcumin and resveratrol failed to restore the neurite outgrowth defects, the SMN protein was found to be necessary for the neurite-promoting activity of curcumin in neuron-like PC12 cells.
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Naturally occurring plant polyphenols as potential therapies for inherited neuromuscular diseases. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:2091-101. [PMID: 24215348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several lines of laboratory-based evidence emerging to suggest that purified polyphenol compounds such as resveratrol, found naturally in red grapes, epigallocatechin galate from green tea and curcumin from turmeric, might be useful for the treatment of various inherited neuromuscular diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Here, we critically examine the scientific evidence related to the known molecular effects that these polyphenols have on different models of inherited neuromuscular disease, with particular attention to problems with the validity of in vitro evidence. We also present proteomic evidence that polyphenols have in vitro effects on cells related to metal ion chelation in cell-culture media. Although their precise mechanisms of action remain somewhat elusive, polyphenols could be an attractive approach to therapy for inherited neuromuscular disease, especially since they may be safer to use on young children, compared with some of the other drug candidates.
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McGivern JV, Ebert AD. Exploiting pluripotent stem cell technology for drug discovery, screening, safety, and toxicology assessments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:170-8. [PMID: 24309014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order for the pharmaceutical industry to maintain a constant flow of novel drugs and therapeutics into the clinic, compounds must be thoroughly validated for safety and efficacy in multiple biological and biochemical systems. Pluripotent stem cells, because of their ability to develop into any cell type in the body and recapitulate human disease, may be an important cellular system to add to the drug development repertoire. This review will discuss some of the benefits of using pluripotent stem cells for drug discovery and safety studies as well as some of the recent applications of stem cells in drug screening studies. We will also address some of the hurdles that need to be overcome in order to make stem cell-based approaches an efficient and effective tool in the quest to produce clinically successful drug compounds.
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Mohseni J, Zabidi-Hussin ZAMH, Sasongko TH. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential treatment for spinal muscular atrophy. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:299-307. [PMID: 24130434 PMCID: PMC3795173 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulation of transcription in eukaryotic cells by promoting a more relaxed chromatin structure necessary for transcriptional activation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups and suppress gene expression. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are a group of small molecules that promote gene transcription by chromatin remodeling and have been extensively studied as potential drugs for treating of spinal muscular atrophy. Various drugs in this class have been studied with regard to their efficacy in increasing the expression of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. In this review, we discuss the current literature on this topic and summarize the findings of the main studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mohseni
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Patel R, Apostolatos A, Carter G, Ajmo J, Gali M, Cooper DR, You M, Bisht KS, Patel NA. Protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) splice variants modulate apoptosis pathway in 3T3L1 cells during adipogenesis: identification of PKCδII inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26834-46. [PMID: 23902767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased food intake and lack of physical activity results in excess energy stored in adipocytes, and this imbalance contributes to obesity. New adipocytes are required for storage of energy in the white adipose tissue. This process of adipogenesis is widely studied in differentiating 3T3L1 preadipocytes in vitro. We have identified a key signaling kinase, protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), whose alternative splice variant expression is modulated during adipogenesis. We demonstrate that PKCδII splice variant promotes survival in differentiating 3T3L1 cells through the Bcl2 pathway. Here we demonstrate that resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, increases apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis along with disruption of PKCδ alternative splicing during 3T3L1 differentiation. Importantly, we have identified a PKCδII splice variant inhibitor. This inhibitor may be a valuable tool with therapeutic implications in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Patel
- From the James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612 and
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Braicu C, Ladomery MR, Chedea VS, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. The relationship between the structure and biological actions of green tea catechins. Food Chem 2013; 141:3282-9. [PMID: 23871088 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catechins and their gallate esters are a class of polyphenolic compounds. The catechin subclass known as flavan-3-ols have recently attracted much attention with regards to their beneficial effect on human health. Their biological actions are dependent on the structure of the compounds and vary according to cell type. They are best known as powerful antioxidants; however depending on the doses they also exhibit prooxidant effects. The anti- or prooxidant effects of green tea catechins have been implicated in the modulation of several cellular functions often associated with strong chemoprotective properties. This review summarises the benefit catechins to human health, the main molecular pathways modulated by catechins. The relationship between the structure and activity of the catechins needs to be studied further. In the future, the structure of catechins could be modified so as to synthesise novel compounds with more specific beneficial properties and higher bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncological Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Anderson SL, Liu B, Qiu J, Sturm AJ, Schwartz JA, Peters AJ, Sullivan KA, Rubin BY. Nutraceutical-mediated restoration of wild-type levels of IKBKAP-encoded IKAP protein in familial dysautonomia-derived cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:570-9. [PMID: 22495984 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The reported ability to modulate the production of the wild-type transcript in cells bearing the splice-altering familial dysautonomia (FD)-causing mutation in the IKBKAP gene prompted an evaluation of the impact of commonly consumed nutraceuticals on the splicing of this transcript. METHODS AND RESULTS Screening efforts revealed the ability of the isoflavones, genistein, and daidzein, to impact splicing and increase the production of the wild-type, exon-20-containing, transcript, and the full-length IKBKAP-encoded IΚB kinase complex associated protein(IKAP) in FD-derived cells. Genistein was also found to impact splicing in neuronal cells, a cell type profoundly impacted by FD. The simultaneous exposure of FD-derived cells to genistein and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) resulted in the almost exclusive production of the exon-20-containing transcript and the production of wild-type amounts of IKAP protein. CONCLUSION This study represents the first demonstration that the isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, possess splice-altering capabilities and that simultaneous treatment with genistein and EGCG reverses the splice-altering impact of the FD-causing mutation. These findings support the clinical evaluation of the therapeutic impact of the combined administration of these two commonly consumed nutraceuticals on this patient population and suggest a broader evaluation of the impact of these nutraceuticals on the in vivo RNA splicing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Anderson
- Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY10458, USA
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Kim H, Bartley GE, Young SA, Davis PA, Yokoyama W. HPMC supplementation reduces abdominal fat content, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1464-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Nutrition; University of California; Davis CA USA
- USDA, ARS; Western Regional Research Center; Albany CA USA
| | | | | | - Paul A. Davis
- Department of Nutrition; University of California; Davis CA USA
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Brose RD, Shin G, McGuinness MC, Schneidereith T, Purvis S, Dong GX, Keefer J, Spencer F, Smith KD. Activation of the stress proteome as a mechanism for small molecule therapeutics. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4237-52. [PMID: 22752410 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various small molecule pharmacologic agents with different known functions produce similar outcomes in diverse Mendelian and complex disorders, suggesting that they may induce common cellular effects. These molecules include histone deacetylase inhibitors, 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and trichostatin A, and two small molecules without direct histone deacetylase inhibitor activity, hydroxyurea (HU) and sulforaphane. In some cases, the therapeutic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors have been attributed to an increase in expression of genes related to the disease-causing gene. However, here we show that the pharmacological induction of mitochondrial biogenesis was necessary for the potentially therapeutic effects of 4PBA or HU in two distinct disease models, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that a common cellular response to these four molecules is induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and peroxisome proliferation and activation of the stress proteome, or adaptive cell survival response. Treatment of human fibroblasts with these four agents induced mitochondrial and peroxisomal biogenesis as monitored by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and/or western analyses. In treated normal human fibroblasts, all four agents induced the adaptive cell survival response: heat shock, unfolded protein, autophagic and antioxidant responses and the c-jun N-terminal kinase pathway, at the transcriptional and translational levels. Thus, activation of the evolutionarily conserved stress proteome and mitochondrial biogenesis may be a common cellular response to such small molecule therapy and a common basis of therapeutic action in various diseases. Modulation of this novel therapeutic target could broaden the range of treatable diseases without directly targeting the causative genetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Deering Brose
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Inhibition of apoptosis blocks human motor neuron cell death in a stem cell model of spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39113. [PMID: 22723941 PMCID: PMC3378532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 gene leading to motor neuron loss, muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death. We show here that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines generated from two Type I SMA subjects–one produced with lentiviral constructs and the second using a virus-free plasmid–based approach–recapitulate the disease phenotype and generate significantly fewer motor neurons at later developmental time periods in culture compared to two separate control subject iPSC lines. During motor neuron development, both SMA lines showed an increase in Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis and increased caspase-8 and-3 activation. Importantly, this could be mitigated by addition of either a Fas blocking antibody or a caspase-3 inhibitor. Together, these data further validate this human stem cell model of SMA, suggesting that specific inhibitors of apoptotic pathways may be beneficial for patients.
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Alternative splicing interference by xenobiotics. Toxicology 2012; 296:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Köstel AS, Bora-Tatar G, Erdem-Yurter H. Spinal muscular atrophy: An oxidative stress response counteracted with curcumin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Markus MA, Marques FZ, Morris BJ. Resveratrol, by modulating RNA processing factor levels, can influence the alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28926. [PMID: 22174926 PMCID: PMC3236773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing defects can contribute to, or result from, various diseases, including cancer. Aberrant mRNAs, splicing factors and other RNA processing factors have therefore become targets for new therapeutic interventions. Here we report that the natural polyphenol resveratrol can modulate alternative splicing in a target-specific manner. We transfected minigenes of several alternatively spliceable primary mRNAs into HEK293 cells in the presence or absence of 1, 5, 20 and 50 µM resveratrol and measured exon levels by semi-quantitative PCR after separation by agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that 20 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml of resveratrol affected exon inclusion of SRp20 and SMN2 pre-mRNAs, but not CD44v5 or tau pre-mRNAs. By Western blotting and immunofluorescence we showed that this effect may be due to the ability of resveratrol to change the protein level but not the localization of several RNA processing factors. The processing factors that increased significantly were ASF/SF2, hnRNPA1 and HuR, but resveratrol did not change the levels of RBM4, PTBP1 and U2AF35. By means of siRNA-mediated knockdown we depleted cells of SIRT1, regarded as a major target of resveratrol, and showed that the effect on splicing was not dependent on SIRT1. Our results suggest that resveratrol might be an attractive small molecule to treat diseases in which aberrant splicing has been implicated, and justify more extensive research on the effects of resveratrol on the splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Andrea Markus
- Basic and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Basic and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian J. Morris
- Basic and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Pruss RM. Developments in the discovery of drugs for spinal muscular atrophy: successful beginnings and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:827-37. [PMID: 22651125 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.586692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in a gene that produces a protein called survival motor neuron (SMN). SMN has an important role in snRNP assembly in all cells but that may not be its only role; the reasons for SMN deficiency resulting in neuromuscular dysfunction and motor neuron degeneration remain active areas of research. Besides increasing SMN, compensating for SMN deficiencies or neuroprotection may be therapeutic options for SMA. Age of onset and the rate of disease progression are variable and therapeutic strategies should be appropriate to subtypes of SMA patients. AREAS COVERED The article discusses SMA, their targets and where these targets can be found. Additionally, the article reviews small molecules identified as disease modifiers and how these small molecules were discovered. The article also describes and discusses emerging concepts regarding the disease mechanisms. The author compiled this review using scientific literature, patent databases, company and patient association and government websites. EXPERT OPINION Small molecules targeting various processes implicated in SMA are reaching the clinic. These molecules and targets, although not yet validated, are providing insight into the complexity of a 'simple' genetic disease such as SMA. SMA is not a single disease and so various therapeutic strategies are needed. Biomarkers and regulatory guidelines are required to select patients for clinical trials, decide when to initiate treatment and how to develop combinations of investigational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Pruss
- Trophos, SA Parc Scientifique de Luminy Case 931, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9 , France +1 33 0 491 828281 ; +1 33 0 491 828289 ;
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Dayangac-Erden D, Bora-Tatar G, Dalkara S, Demir AS, Erdem-Yurter H. Carboxylic acid derivatives of histone deacetylase inhibitors induce full length SMN2 transcripts: a promising target for spinal muscular atrophy therapeutics. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:230-4. [PMID: 22291761 PMCID: PMC3258711 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessively inherited neuromuscular disorder. It is caused by homozygous absence of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, which modulates the severity of the disease, represents a major target for therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SMN2 expression can be increased by caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and curcumin, which are designed by modifications of the carboxylic acid class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using quantitative real-time PCR, we analysed the levels of full-length SMN2 and Δ7SMN2 mRNA. We performed LDH cytotoxicity assay to analyse whether SMN2 activating concentrations of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and curcumin were cytotoxic to fibroblasts. RESULTS We found that caffeic acid and curcumin were more efficient than chlorogenic acid and increased full-length SMN2 mRNA levels 1.5 and 1.7-fold, respectively. Δ7SMN2 mRNA levels were measured to investigate alternative splicing of exon 7. We also found that cytotoxicity was not observed at SMN2 activating concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that carboxylic acid derivatives including phenolic structure and symmetry could be a good candidate for SMA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Dayangac-Erden
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Bora-Tatar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan S. Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayat Erdem-Yurter
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wyatt TJ, Keirstead HS. Stem cell-derived neurotrophic support for the neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 10:1587-94. [PMID: 20955113 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.529895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by specific degeneration of α-motor neurons in the spinal cord. The use of cell transplantation to restore lost function through cell replacement or prevent further degeneration of motor neurons and synapses through neurotrophic support heralds tremendous hope in the SMA field. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Much research has been carried out in the last decade on the use of embryonic stem cells in cell replacement strategies for various neurodegenerative diseases. Cell replacement is contingent on the ability of transplanted cells to integrate and form new functional connections with host cells. In the case of SMA, cell replacement is a tall order in that axons of transplanted cells would be required to grow over long distances from the spinal cord through growth-averse terrain to synapse with muscles in the periphery. The efficacy of neurotrophic support is contingent on the ability of transplanted cells to secrete neurotrophins appropriate for degenerating motor neurons in the spinal cord or development/stability of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in the periphery. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an understanding of the potential of neurotrophins to promote development of the NMJ in a diseased or injured environment. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Neurotrophins play a major role in NMJ development and thus may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of NMJs in SMA. Further research into the signaling mechanisms involved in NMJ maturation may identify additional mechanisms by which transplanted cells may be of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Wyatt
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, College of Medicine, Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 2111 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA
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Ahmed S. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:208. [PMID: 20447316 PMCID: PMC2888220 DOI: 10.1186/ar2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea's active ingredient, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), has gained significant attention among scientists and has been one of the leading plant-derived molecules studied for its potential health benefits. In the present review I summarize the findings from some of the most significant preclinical studies with EGCG in arthritic diseases. The review also addresses the limitations of the dose, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to the EGCG-drug interaction. Although these findings provide scientific evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated with confidence for patients with joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, 2232 Wolfe Hall, College of Pharmacy, 2801 W, Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Passini MA, Bu J, Roskelley EM, Richards AM, Sardi SP, O'Riordan CR, Klinger KW, Shihabuddin LS, Cheng SH. CNS-targeted gene therapy improves survival and motor function in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1253-64. [PMID: 20234094 DOI: 10.1172/jci41615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by a deficiency of survival motor neuron (SMN) due to mutations in the SMN1 gene. In this study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing human SMN (AAV8-hSMN) was injected at birth into the CNS of mice modeling SMA. Western blot analysis showed that these injections resulted in widespread expression of SMN throughout the spinal cord, and this translated into robust improvement in skeletal muscle physiology, including increased myofiber size and improved neuromuscular junction architecture. Treated mice also displayed substantial improvements on behavioral tests of muscle strength, coordination, and locomotion, indicating that the neuromuscular junction was functional. Treatment with AAV8-hSMN increased the median life span of mice with SMA-like disease to 50 days compared with 15 days for untreated controls. Moreover, injecting mice with SMA-like disease with a human SMN-expressing self-complementary AAV vector - a vector that leads to earlier onset of gene expression compared with standard AAV vectors - led to improved efficacy of gene therapy, including a substantial extension in median survival to 157 days. These data indicate that CNS-directed, AAV-mediated SMN augmentation is highly efficacious in addressing both neuronal and muscular pathologies in a severe mouse model of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Passini
- Genzyme Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Room 2410, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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Butchbach ME, Singh J, Þorsteinsdóttir M, Saieva L, Slominski E, Thurmond J, Andrésson T, Zhang J, Edwards JD, Simard LR, Pellizzoni L, Jarecki J, Burghes AH, Gurney ME. Effects of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives on SMN expression and phenotype in a mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:454-67. [PMID: 19897588 PMCID: PMC2798721 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), one of the most common genetic causes of infant death, results from the selective loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. SMA is a consequence of low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In humans, the SMN gene is duplicated; SMA results from the loss of SMN1 but SMN2 remains intact. SMA severity is related to the copy number of SMN2. Compounds which increase the expression of SMN2 could, therefore, be potential therapeutics for SMA. Ultrahigh-throughput screening recently identified substituted quinazolines as potent SMN2 inducers. A series of C5-quinazoline derivatives were tested for their ability to increase SMN expression in vivo. Oral administration of three compounds (D152344, D153249 and D156844) to neonatal mice resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Smn promoter activity in the central nervous system. We then examined the effect of these compounds on the progression of disease in SMN lacking exon 7 (SMNDelta7) SMA mice. Oral administration of D156844 significantly increased the mean lifespan of SMNDelta7 SMA mice by approximately 21-30% when given prior to motor neuron loss. In summary, the C5-quinazoline derivative D156844 increases SMN expression in neonatal mouse neural tissues, delays motor neuron loss at PND11 and ameliorates the motor phenotype of SMNDelta7 SMA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciano Saieva
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elzbieta Slominski
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada and
| | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- deCODE chemistry, Inc., Woodridge, IL, USA
| | | | - Louise R. Simard
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada and
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Arthur H.M. Burghes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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41
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Abstract
AbstractProgress in understanding the genetic basis and pathophysiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), along with continuous efforts in finding a way to increase survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels have resulted in several strategies that have been proposed as potential directions for efficient drug development. Here we provide an overview on the current status of the following approaches: 1) activation of SMN2 gene and increasing full length SMN2 transcript level, 2) modulating SMN2 splicing, 3) stabilizing SMN mRNA and SMN protein, 4) development of neurotrophic, neuroprotective and anabolic compounds and 5) stem cell and gene therapy. The new preclinical advances warrant a cautious optimism for emergence of an effective treatment in the very near future.
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42
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Dickson A, Osman E, Lorson CL. A negatively acting bifunctional RNA increases survival motor neuron both in vitro and in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2009. [PMID: 19848583 DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder and is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). In humans, a nearly identical copy gene is present called SMN2, but this gene cannot compensate for the loss of SMN1 because of a single silent nucleotide difference in SMN2 exon 7. This single-nucleotide difference attenuates an exonic splice enhancer, resulting in the production of an alternatively spliced isoform lacking exon 7, which is essential for protein function. SMN2, however, is a critical disease modifier and is an outstanding target for therapeutic intervention because all SMA patients retain SMN2 and SMN2 maintains the same coding sequence as SMN1. Therefore, compounds or molecules that increase SMN2 exon 7 inclusion hold great promise for SMA therapeutics. Bifunctional RNAs have been previously used to increase SMN protein levels and derive their name from the presence of two domains: an antisense RNA sequence specific to the target RNA and an untethered RNA segment that serves as a binding platform for splicing factors. This study was designed to develop negatively acting bifunctional RNAs that recruit hnRNPA1 to exon 8 and block the general splicing machinery from the exon 8. By blocking the downstream splice site, this could competitively favor the inclusion of SMN exon 7 and therefore increase full-length SMN production. Here we identify a bifunctional RNA that stimulated full-length SMN expression in a variety of cell-based assays including SMA patient fibroblasts. Importantly, this molecule was also able to induce SMN expression in a previously described mouse model of SMA and demonstrates a novel therapeutic approach for SMA as well as a variety of diseases caused by a defect in splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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43
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Dickson A, Osman E, Lorson CL. A negatively acting bifunctional RNA increases survival motor neuron both in vitro and in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 19:1307-15. [PMID: 19848583 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder and is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). In humans, a nearly identical copy gene is present called SMN2, but this gene cannot compensate for the loss of SMN1 because of a single silent nucleotide difference in SMN2 exon 7. This single-nucleotide difference attenuates an exonic splice enhancer, resulting in the production of an alternatively spliced isoform lacking exon 7, which is essential for protein function. SMN2, however, is a critical disease modifier and is an outstanding target for therapeutic intervention because all SMA patients retain SMN2 and SMN2 maintains the same coding sequence as SMN1. Therefore, compounds or molecules that increase SMN2 exon 7 inclusion hold great promise for SMA therapeutics. Bifunctional RNAs have been previously used to increase SMN protein levels and derive their name from the presence of two domains: an antisense RNA sequence specific to the target RNA and an untethered RNA segment that serves as a binding platform for splicing factors. This study was designed to develop negatively acting bifunctional RNAs that recruit hnRNPA1 to exon 8 and block the general splicing machinery from the exon 8. By blocking the downstream splice site, this could competitively favor the inclusion of SMN exon 7 and therefore increase full-length SMN production. Here we identify a bifunctional RNA that stimulated full-length SMN expression in a variety of cell-based assays including SMA patient fibroblasts. Importantly, this molecule was also able to induce SMN expression in a previously described mouse model of SMA and demonstrates a novel therapeutic approach for SMA as well as a variety of diseases caused by a defect in splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Dayangaç-Erden D, Bora G, Ayhan P, Kocaefe Ç, Dalkara S, Yelekçi K, Demir AS, Erdem-Yurter H. Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Activity and Molecular Docking of (E )-Resveratrol: Its Therapeutic Potential in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:355-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Baughan TD, Dickson A, Osman EY, Lorson CL. Delivery of bifunctional RNAs that target an intronic repressor and increase SMN levels in an animal model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:1600-11. [PMID: 19228773 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). A nearly identical copy gene, SMN2, is present in all SMA patients, which produces low levels of functional protein. Although the SMN2 coding sequence has the potential to produce normal, full-length SMN, approximately 90% of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced and encode a truncated protein lacking the final coding exon (exon 7). SMN2, however, is an excellent therapeutic target. Previously, we developed bifunctional RNAs that bound SMN exon 7 and modulated SMN2 splicing. To optimize the efficiency of the bifunctional RNAs, a different antisense target was required. To this end, we genetically verified the identity of a putative intronic repressor and developed bifunctional RNAs that target this sequence. Consequently, there is a 2-fold mechanism of SMN induction: inhibition of the intronic repressor and recruitment of SR proteins via the SR recruitment sequence of the bifunctional RNA. The bifunctional RNAs effectively increased SMN in human primary SMA fibroblasts. Lead candidates were synthesized as 2'-O-methyl RNAs and were directly injected in the central nervous system of SMA mice. Single-RNA injections were able to illicit a robust induction of SMN protein in the brain and throughout the spinal column of neonatal SMA mice. In a severe model of SMA, mean life span was extended following the delivery of bifunctional RNAs. This technology has direct implications for the development of an SMA therapy, but also lends itself to a multitude of diseases caused by aberrant pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Baughan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA
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Kim WM, Bae HB, Choi JI. The Effect of Intrathecal Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Development of Antinociceptive Tolerance to Morphine. Korean J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2009.22.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is an important element in eukaryotic gene expression, as most of the protein-coding genes use this process to generate multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. An increasing number of human diseases are now recognized to be caused by the selection of 'wrong' alternative exons. Research during the last few years identified a number of low-molecular-mass chemical substances that can change alternative exon usage. Most of these substances act by either blocking histone deacetylases or by interfering with the phosphorylation of splicing factors. How the remaining large number of these substances affect splicing is not yet fully understood. The emergence of these low-molecular-mass substances provides not only probes for studying alternative pre-mRNA splicing, but also opens the door to the possible harnessing of these compounds as drugs to control diseases caused by the selection of 'wrong' splice sites.
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48
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits IL-6 synthesis and suppresses transsignaling by enhancing soluble gp130 production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:14692-7. [PMID: 18796608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802675105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of IL-6 transsignaling by the administration of soluble gp130 (sgp130) receptor to capture the IL-6/soluble IL-6R complex has shown promise for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, enhancing endogenous sgp130 via alternative splicing of the gp130 gene has not yet been tested. We found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an anti-inflammatory compound found in green tea, inhibits IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production and transsignaling in RA synovial fibroblasts by inducing alternative splicing of gp130 mRNA, resulting in enhanced sgp130 production. Results from in vivo studies using a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model showed specific inhibition of IL-6 levels in the serum and joints of EGCG-treated rats by 28% and 40%, respectively, with concomitant amelioration of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. We also observed a marked decrease in membrane-bound gp130 protein expression in the joint homogenates of the EGCG-treated group. In contrast, quantitative RT-PCR showed that the gp130/IL-6Ralpha mRNA ratio increased by approximately 2-fold, suggesting a possible mechanism of sgp130 activation by EGCG. Gelatin zymography results showed EGCG inhibits IL-6/soluble IL-6R-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in RA synovial fibroblasts and in joint homogenates, possibly via up-regulation of sgp130 synthesis. The results of these studies provide previously undescribed evidence of IL-6 synthesis and transsignaling inhibition by EGCG with a unique mechanism of sgp130 up-regulation, and thus hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent for RA.
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49
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Detection of human survival motor neuron (SMN) protein in mice containing the SMN2 transgene: applicability to preclinical therapy development for spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 175:36-43. [PMID: 18771690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the leading genetic cause of infant death results from loss of spinal motor neurons causing atrophy of skeletal muscle. SMA is caused by loss of the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, however, an identically coding gene called SMN2 is retained, but is alternatively spliced to produce approximately 90% truncated protein. Most SMA translational and preclinical drug development has relied on the use of SMA mice to determine changes in SMN protein levels. However, the SMA mouse models are relatively severe and analysis of SMN-inducing compounds is confounded by the early mortality of these animals. An antibody that could detect SMN protein on a Smn background could circumvent this limitation and allow unaffected, heterozygous animals to be examined. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a monoclonal anti-SMN antibody, 4F11, which specifically recognizes human SMN protein. 4F11 detects SMN (human) but not native Smn (mouse) protein in SMN2 transgenic mice and in SMA cell lines. We demonstrate the feasibility of using 4F11 to detect changes in SMN2-derived SMN protein in SMA patient fibroblasts and in healthy SMN2 transgenic mice. This antibody is, therefore, an excellent tool for examining SMN2-inducing therapeutics in patient cells as well as in transgenic mice.
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50
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Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterised by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalised weakness. It is caused by homozygous disruption of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene by deletion, conversion, or mutation. Although no medical treatment is available, investigations have elucidated possible mechanisms underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment strategies have been developed to use the unique genomic structure of the SMN1 gene region. Several candidate treatment agents have been identified and are in various stages of development. These and other advances in medical technology have changed the standard of care for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. In this Seminar, we provide a comprehensive review that integrates clinical manifestations, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic strategy, therapeutic development, and evidence from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Lunn
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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