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Krebs-Drouot L, Schalk A, Schaefer E, Keyser C, Gonzalez A, Calmels N, Wardé MTA, Oertel L, Acquaviva CÉ, Mandel JL, Farrugia A. Recurrent familial case of early childhood sudden death: Complex post mortem genetic investigations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 71:103028. [PMID: 38518711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood (SUDC) needs to be fully assessed considering its impact on the family, parents and siblings. Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) such as Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) should be taken into consideration when SUDC occurres. Our aim is to present a family with two successive SUDC and to discuss the post-mortem genetics investigations revealing an IEM implication. CASES REPORT A complete autopsy with genetic testing was performed when the proband, a 4-year-old girl, died. A few years previously, her older brother had died at the same age and off the same condition. Years later, his exhumation was necessary in order to perform a post-mortem diagnosis.The two siblings were revealed to have had the same pathogenic genotype of the ACADM gene, heterozygous substitutions in ACADM (NM_000016.5): c.985 A>G p.(Lys329Glu) and c.347 G>A p.(Cys116Tyr). In addition, they also both carried a VUS in TECRL, a gene implicated in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Tachycardia Ventricular (CPVT) and SUDC. CONCLUSION We illustrate the importance of exome analyses for investigating unexplained sudden death, especially in children, with the possible impact for genetic counselling in the family. The finding of the implication of ACADM gene in this case, raises likely responsibility of the public health system in countries such as France, who delayed implementation of new born screening for these conditions. Exome analyses in this case detected unexpected complexity in interpretation linked to the identification of a second candidate gene for SUDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Krebs-Drouot
- Institut de Médecine Légale de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Audrey Schalk
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale D'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale D'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Keyser
- Institut de Médecine Légale de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France; Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris 75012, France
| | - Angela Gonzalez
- Institut de Médecine Légale de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France; Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nadège Calmels
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale D'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Abi Wardé
- Service de Pédiatrie Spécialisée et Générale, Unité de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Oertel
- Institut de Médecine Légale de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - C Écile Acquaviva
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire-UM Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge, CHU Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Audrey Farrugia
- Institut de Médecine Légale de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg 67000, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Borbély N, Dudás D, Tapasztó A, Dudás-Boda E, Csáky V, Szeifert B, Mende BG, Egyed B, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Pamjav H. Phylogenetic insights into the genetic legacies of Hungarian-speaking communities in the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11480. [PMID: 38769390 PMCID: PMC11106325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the uniparental genetic lineages of Hungarian-speaking minorities residing in rural villages of Baranja (Croatia) and the Zobor region (Slovakia). We aimed to identify ancestral lineages by examining genetic markers distributed across the entire mitogenome and on the Y-chromosome. This allowed us to discern disparities in regional genetic structures within these communities. By integrating our newly acquired genetic data from a total of 168 participants with pre-existing Eurasian and ancient DNA datasets, our goal was to enrich the understanding of the genetic history trajectories of Carpathian Basin populations. Our findings suggest that while population-based analyses may not be sufficiently robust to detect fine-scale uniparental genetic patterns with the sample sizes at hand, phylogenetic analysis of well-characterized Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) data and entire mitogenome sequences did uncover multiple lineage ties to far-flung regions and eras. While the predominant portions of both paternal and maternal DNA align with the East-Central European spectrum, rarer subhaplogroups and lineages have unveiled ancient ties to both prehistoric and historic populations spanning Europe and Eastern Eurasia. This research augments the expansive field of phylogenetics, offering critical perspectives on the genetic constitution and heritage of the communities in East-Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Borbély
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudás
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Attila Tapasztó
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Eszter Dudás-Boda
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csáky
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary.
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3
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Makarewicz CA, Winter-Schuh C, Jackson M, Johannesson EG, Amartuvshin C, Honeychurch W. Local circulation of elites punctuated by transregional mobility enabled steppe political consolidation in the Xiongnu nomadic state. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298593. [PMID: 38557862 PMCID: PMC10984472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Xiongnu polity (ca. 200 BC- 150 AD) emerged out of indigenous community-centered socio-political structures to forge a powerful state that commanded the Mongolian steppe and beyond. Underpinned by a highly mobile pastoralist population, accustomed to seasonally rhythmic moves and embedded in an equestrian culture that facilitated rapid transport over long-distances, it remains unclear precisely how the movement of commoners, local aristocrats and regional elites abetted the formation and organization of Xiongnu state structures. Here, we evaluate Xiongnu movement and dietary intake through multi-stable isotopic analyses of tooth enamel from directly dated Xiongnu intermediate elites recovered from the mortuary center of Baga Gazaryn Chuluu-a prominent granite outcrop set in the Gobi Desert. Carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis indicates millet was consumed by some individuals, but whether or not this C4 cultivar contributed to the diets of most elites remains ambiguous in this C3/C4 desert-steppe environment. The effectiveness of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) to establish mobility appears much reduced in steppe environments, where geospatially sensitive information appears disrupted by extraordinary seasonality in meteoric water oxygen isotopes, pronounced oxygen isotopic variation in potential drinking water sources, and culturally mediated drinking practices. Most revealing, strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) indicate circulation of local elites around this central place and beyond, a mobility format that helped leaders cement their own position through political consolidation of spatially dispersed mobile pastoralist communities. The consistent presence at Baga Gazaryn Chuluu of extra-local intermediate elites also points toward the importance of transregional mobility in binding together the Xiongnu polity over the vast distances of the eastern steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Makarewicz
- Archaeology Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Winter-Schuh
- Archaeology Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meghan Jackson
- Meghan Jackson, Ossifrage Exploration Consulting LLC, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Chunag Amartuvshin
- Chunag Amartuvshin, Archaeological Research Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - William Honeychurch
- William Honeychurch, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Lee J, Miller BK, Bayarsaikhan J, Johannesson E, Ventresca Miller A, Warinner C, Jeong C. Genetic population structure of the Xiongnu Empire at imperial and local scales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3904. [PMID: 37058560 PMCID: PMC10104459 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. 200 BCE to 100 CE. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records of the Xiongnu Empire being multiethnic. However, it has remained unknown how this diversity was structured at the local community level or by sociopolitical status. To address this, we investigated aristocratic and local elite cemeteries at the western frontier of the empire. Analyzing genome-wide data from 18 individuals, we show that genetic diversity within these communities was comparable to the empire as a whole, and that high diversity was also observed within extended families. Genetic heterogeneity was highest among the lowest-status individuals, implying diverse origins, while higher-status individuals harbored less genetic diversity, suggesting that elite status and power was concentrated within specific subsets of the broader Xiongnu population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan K. Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- History of Art, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
- National Museum of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Alicia Ventresca Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany
- Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christina Warinner
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Varga GIB, Kristóf LA, Maár K, Kis L, Schütz O, Váradi O, Kovács B, Gînguță A, Tihanyi B, Nagy PL, Maróti Z, Nyerki E, Török T, Neparáczki E. The archaeogenomic validation of Saint Ladislaus' relic provides insights into the Árpád dynasty's genealogy. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:58-61. [PMID: 35809778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely I B Varga
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Luca Kis
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Oszkár Schütz
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Váradi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Gînguță
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emil Nyerki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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6
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Fedorova SA, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic Structure and Genetic History of the Sakha (Yakuts) Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Pamjav H, Fóthi Á, Dudás D, Tapasztó A, Krizsik V, Fóthi E. The paternal genetic legacy of Hungarian-speaking Rétköz (Hungary) and Váh valley (Slovakia) populations. Front Genet 2022; 13:977517. [PMID: 36324512 PMCID: PMC9619085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and six Rétköz and 48 Váh valley samples were collected from the contact zones of Hungarian-Slovakian territories and were genotyped for Y-chromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups. The results were compared with contemporary and archaic data from published sources. The genetic composition of the Rétköz population from Hungary and the Váh valley population from Slovakia indicates different histories. In the Rétköz population, the paternal lineages that were also found in the Hungarian Conquerors, such as R1a-Z93, N-M46, Q-M242, and R1b-L23, were better preserved. These haplogroups occurred in 10% of the population. The population of the Váh valley, however, is characterized by the complete absence of these haplogroups. Our study did not detect a genetic link between the Váh valley population and the Hungarian Conquerors; the genetic composition of the Váh valley population is similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European populations. The Hungarian Rétköz males shared common haplotypes with ancient Xiongnu, ancient Avar, Caucasian Avar, Abkhazian, Balkarian, and Circassian males within haplogroups R1a-Z93, N1c-M46, and R1b-L23, indicating a common genetic footprint. Another difference between the two studied Hungarian populations can be concluded from the Fst-based MDS plot. The Váh valley, in the western part of the Hungarian-Slovakian contact zone, is genetically closer to the Western Europeans. In contrast, Rétköz is in the eastern part of that zone and therefore closer to the Eastern Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Horolma Pamjav, ; Erzsébet Fóthi,
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudás
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Departmant of Genetics, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tapasztó
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virág Krizsik
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fóthi
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Horolma Pamjav, ; Erzsébet Fóthi,
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8
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Maróti Z, Neparáczki E, Schütz O, Maár K, Varga GIB, Kovács B, Kalmár T, Nyerki E, Nagy I, Latinovics D, Tihanyi B, Marcsik A, Pálfi G, Bernert Z, Gallina Z, Horváth C, Varga S, Költő L, Raskó I, Nagy PL, Balogh C, Zink A, Maixner F, Götherström A, George R, Szalontai C, Szenthe G, Gáll E, Kiss AP, Gulyás B, Kovacsóczy BN, Gál SS, Tomka P, Török T. The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2858-2870.e7. [PMID: 35617951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians were migration-period nomadic tribal confederations that arrived in three successive waves in the Carpathian Basin between the 5th and 9th centuries. Based on the historical data, each of these groups are thought to have arrived from Asia, although their exact origin and relation to other ancient and modern populations have been debated. Recently, hundreds of ancient genomes were analyzed from Central Asia, Mongolia, and China, from which we aimed to identify putative source populations for the above-mentioned groups. In this study, we have sequenced 9 Hun, 143 Avar, and 113 Hungarian conquest period samples and identified three core populations, representing immigrants from each period with no recent European ancestry. Our results reveal that this "immigrant core" of both Huns and Avars likely originated in present day Mongolia, and their origin can be traced back to Xiongnus (Asian Huns), as suggested by several historians. On the other hand, the "immigrant core" of the conquering Hungarians derived from an earlier admixture of Mansis, early Sarmatians, and descendants of late Xiongnus. We have also shown that a common "proto-Ugric" gene pool appeared in the Bronze Age from the admixture of Mezhovskaya and Nganasan people, supporting genetic and linguistic data. In addition, we detected shared Hun-related ancestry in numerous Avar and Hungarian conquest period genetic outliers, indicating a genetic link between these successive nomadic groups. Aside from the immigrant core groups, we identified that the majority of the individuals from each period were local residents harboring "native European" ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Oszkár Schütz
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely I B Varga
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emil Nyerki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., 6782 Mórahalom, Hungary; Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bernert
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gallina
- Ásatárs Ltd., 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary; Department of Archaeology, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ciprián Horváth
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Költő
- Rippl-Rónai Municipal Museum with Country Scope, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Balogh
- Department of Art History, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, EURAC Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, EURAC Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anders Götherström
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert George
- Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Csaba Szalontai
- Hungarian National Museum, Department of Archaeology, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szenthe
- Hungarian National Museum, Department of Archaeology, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erwin Gáll
- "Vasile Pârvan" Institute of Archaeology, 010667 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Attila P Kiss
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Gulyás
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Tomka
- Department of Archaeology, Rómer Flóris Museum of Art and History, 9021 Győr, Hungary
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, 1041 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Cardinali I, Bodner M, Capodiferro MR, Amory C, Rambaldi Migliore N, Gomez EJ, Myagmar E, Dashzeveg T, Carano F, Woodward SR, Parson W, Perego UA, Lancioni H, Achilli A. Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongolia. Front Genet 2022; 12:819337. [PMID: 35069708 PMCID: PMC8773455 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.819337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolia is located in a strategic position at the eastern edge of the Eurasian Steppe. Nomadic populations moved across this wide area for millennia before developing more sedentary communities, extended empires, and complex trading networks, which connected western Eurasia and eastern Asia until the late Medieval period. We provided a fine-grained portrait of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation observed in present-day Mongolians and capable of revealing gene flows and other demographic processes that took place in Inner Asia, as well as in western Eurasia. The analyses of a novel dataset (N = 2,420) of mtDNAs highlighted a clear matrilineal differentiation within the country due to a mixture of haplotypes with eastern Asian (EAs) and western Eurasian (WEu) origins, which were differentially lost and preserved. In a wider genetic context, the prevalent EAs contribution, larger in eastern and central Mongolian regions, revealed continuous connections with neighboring Asian populations until recent times, as attested by the geographically restricted haplotype-sharing likely facilitated by the Genghis Khan’s so-called Pax Mongolica. The genetic history beyond the WEu haplogroups, notably detectable on both sides of Mongolia, was more difficult to explain. For this reason, we moved to the analysis of entire mitogenomes (N = 147). Although it was not completely possible to identify specific lineages that evolved in situ, two major changes in the effective (female) population size were reconstructed. The more recent one, which began during the late Pleistocene glacial period and became steeper in the early Holocene, was probably the outcome of demographic events connected to western Eurasia. The Neolithic growth could be easily explained by the diffusion of dairy pastoralism, as already proposed, while the late glacial increase indicates, for the first time, a genetic connection with western Eurasian refuges, as supported by the unusual high frequency and internal sub-structure in Mongolia of haplogroup H1, a well-known post-glacial marker in Europe. Bronze Age events, without a significant demographic impact, might explain the age of some mtDNA haplogroups. Finally, a diachronic comparison with available ancient mtDNAs made it possible to link six mitochondrial lineages of present-day Mongolians to the timeframe and geographic path of the Silk Route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martin Bodner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christina Amory
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Edgar J Gomez
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,FamilySearch Int., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erdene Myagmar
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tumen Dashzeveg
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Francesco Carano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Scott R Woodward
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Ugo A Perego
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Math and Science, Southeastern Community College, Burlington, IA, United States
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Crubézy E, Duchesne S, Razafindrazaka H, Romanova L, Gérard P, Alcouffe A, Esclassan R, Melnichuk O, Ushnitsky I, Ludes B, Telmon N, Tegel W, Dabernat H, Zvenigorosky V, Prados-Frutos JC. Sucrose Is Not the Whole Story: Risk Factors and Oral Health at the Contact (Yakutia, Siberia-16th/19th). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100974. [PMID: 34681073 PMCID: PMC8533550 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We have studied the dental epidemiology of 96 frozen bodies from north-eastern Siberia (Yakuts) before and after the contact—with an accurate chronology–between Autochthonous and European populations. The peculiarities of the Yakut population are the rarity of cavities and the relative frequency of dental pathologies leading to death. Dental health evolves only two centuries after the contact; assimilation into the Russian Orthodox culture has decreased tooth wear and increased tooth loss. A comparison with historical data suggests that this evolution is not linked to the increasing importance of sucrose, but to the combined action of the substitution of dendrophagia with cereal flour; a decrease in immunity associated with the development of chronic infectious diseases; smoking as well as the mandibular torus: a risk factor favoring apical cysts. Abstract (1) Background: contact between indigenous and European populations has often resulted in changes in oral health attributed to the introduction of sucrose. Most studies are per tooth over considerable periods and with few ethnological references. (2) Aim: dental epidemiology of 96 autochthonous frozen bodies from Yakutia between the early 17th century and the late 19th century; comparisons with historical texts and ethnographic data. (3) Material and methods: we use descriptive statistics and discriminant factorial analyses to identify dominant variables in the dataset and compare periods and subjects, considering all variables. (4) Results: the peculiarities of the population are the rarity of cavities and the relative frequency of dental pathologies leading to death. Assimilation into the Russian Orthodox culture has led to decreased tooth wear and an increase in tooth loss. Dental health evolves only two centuries after the contact. (5) Conclusions: the confrontation with historical data suggests that changes are not related to the growing importance of sucrose but to a combined action: the substitution of dendrophagy by cereal flour; the decrease in immunity linked to the development of chronic infectious diseases; tobacco addiction and the mandibular torus: a risk factor promoting apical cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crubézy
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Sylvie Duchesne
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP), 13 Rue du Négoce, 31650 Saint-Orens-de-Gameville, France
| | | | - Liubomira Romanova
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Modern Languages and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Patrice Gérard
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Ameline Alcouffe
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Rémi Esclassan
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Olga Melnichuk
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Modern Languages and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Innokenty Ushnitsky
- Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University, Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- BABEL, CNRS UMR 2029, Université Paris V Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Willy Tegel
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Henri Dabernat
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Vincent Zvenigorosky
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- BABEL, CNRS UMR 2029, Université Paris V Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
- Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health (Forensic and Legal Medicine Area), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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11
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Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru'un Mongolian Y chromosomes. J Hum Genet 2021; 67:175-180. [PMID: 34531527 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Kyrgyz are a trans-border ethnic group, mainly living in Kyrgyzstan. Previous genetic investigations of Central Asian populations have repeatedly investigated the Central Asian Kyrgyz. However, from the standpoint of human evolution and genetic diversity, Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz is one of the more poorly studied populations. In this study, we analyzed the non-recombining portion of the Y-chromosome from 298 male Kyrgyz samples from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China, using a high-resolution analysis of 108 biallelic markers and 17 or 24 STRs. First, via a Y-SNP-based PCA plot, Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz tended to cluster with other Kyrgyz population and are located in the West Asian and Central Asian group. Second, we found that the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz display a high proportion of Y-lineage R1a1a1b2a2a-Z2125, related to Bronze Age Siberian, and followed by Y-lineage C2b1a3a1-F3796, related to Medieval Niru'un Mongols, such as Uissun tribe from Kazakhs. In these two dominant lineages, two unique recent descent clusters have been detected via NETWORK analysis, respectively, but they have nearly the same TMRCA ages (about 13th-14th centuries). This finding once again shows that the expansions of Mongol Empire had a striking effect on the Central Asian gene pool.
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