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Rudolph M, Kopruszinski C, Wu C, Navratilova E, Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW, Porreca F, Anderson T. Identification of brain areas in mice with peak neural activity across the acute and persistent phases of post-traumatic headache. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231217469. [PMID: 38016977 PMCID: PMC11149587 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231217469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic headache is very common after a mild traumatic brain injury. Post-traumatic headache may persist for months to years after an injury in a substantial proportion of people. The pathophysiology underlying post-traumatic headache remains unknown but is likely distinct from other headache disorders. Identification of brain areas activated in acute and persistent phases of post-traumatic headache can provide insights into the underlying circuits mediating headache pain. We used an animal model of mild traumatic brain injury-induced post-traumatic headache and c-fos immunohistochemistry to identify brain regions with peak activity levels across the acute and persistent phases of post-traumatic headache. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 J mice were briefly anesthetized and subjected to a sham procedure or a weight drop closed-head mild traumatic brain injury . Cutaneous allodynia was assessed in the periorbital and hindpaw regions using von Frey filaments. Immunohistochemical c-fos based neural activity mapping was then performed on sections from whole brain across the development of post-traumatic headache (i.e. peak of the acute phase at 2 days post- mild traumatic brain injury), start of the persistent phase (i.e. >14 days post-mild traumatic brain injury) or after provocation with stress (bright light). Brain areas with consistent and peak levels of c-fos expression across mild traumatic brain injury induced post-traumatic headache were identified and included for further analysis. RESULTS Following mild traumatic brain injury, periorbital and hindpaw allodynia was observed in both male and female mice. This allodynia was transient and subsided within the first 14 days post-mild traumatic brain injury and is representative of acute post-traumatic headache. After this acute post-traumatic headache phase, exposure of mild traumatic brain injury mice to a bright light stress reinstated periorbital and hindpaw allodynia for several hours - indicative of the development of persistent post-traumatic headache. Acute post-traumatic headache was coincident with an increase in neuronal c-fos labeling in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudalis, primary somatosensory cortex, and the nucleus accumbens. Neuronal activation returned to baseline levels by the persistent post-traumatic headache phase in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudalis and primary somatosensory cortex but remained elevated in the nucleus accumbens. In the persistent post-traumatic headache phase, coincident with allodynia observed following bright light stress, we observed bright light stress-induced c-fos neural activation in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudalis, primary somatosensory cortex, and nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSION Examination of mild traumatic brain injury-induced changes in peak c-fos expression revealed brain regions with significantly increased neural activity across the acute and persistent phases of post-traumatic headache. Our findings suggest mild traumatic brain injury-induced post-traumatic headache produces neural activation along pain relevant pathways at time-points matching post-traumatic headache-like pain behaviors. These observations suggest that the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudalis, primary somatosensory cortex, and nucleus accumbens may contribute to both the induction and maintenance of post-traumatic headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Caroline Kopruszinski
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - David W Dodick
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Atria Academy of Science and Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Trent Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Pardo M, Gregorio S, Montalban E, Pujadas L, Elias-Tersa A, Masachs N, Vílchez-Acosta A, Parent A, Auladell C, Girault JA, Vila M, Nairn AC, Manso Y, Soriano E. Adult-specific Reelin expression alters striatal neuronal organization: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1143319. [PMID: 37153634 PMCID: PMC10157100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1143319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to neuronal migration, brain development, and adult plasticity, the extracellular matrix protein Reelin has been extensively implicated in human psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, heterozygous reeler mice exhibit features reminiscent of these disorders, while overexpression of Reelin protects against its manifestation. However, how Reelin influences the structure and circuits of the striatal complex, a key region for the above-mentioned disorders, is far from being understood, especially when altered Reelin expression levels are found at adult stages. In the present study, we took advantage of complementary conditional gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to investigate how Reelin levels may modify adult brain striatal structure and neuronal composition. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we determined that Reelin does not seem to influence the striatal patch and matrix organization (studied by μ-opioid receptor immunohistochemistry) nor the density of medium spiny neurons (MSNs, studied with DARPP-32). We show that overexpression of Reelin leads to increased numbers of striatal parvalbumin- and cholinergic-interneurons, and to a slight increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive projections. We conclude that increased Reelin levels might modulate the numbers of striatal interneurons and the density of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections, suggesting that these changes may be involved in the protection of Reelin against neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Pardo
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gregorio
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Institut du Fer à Moulin UMR-S 1270, INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Sciences and Methodology, Faculty of Health Science and Welfare, University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Elias-Tersa
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Masachs
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vílchez-Acosta
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annabelle Parent
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yasmina Manso
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Yasmina Manso,
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Eduardo Soriano,
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Cho E, Kim K, Kim H, Cho SR. Reelin protects against pathological α-synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration after environmental enrichment in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Dong H, Zhao J, Xia K, Ou J. Relationship between RELN signaling pathway genes and language development of autism based on a cluster model. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:858-864. [PMID: 36039581 PMCID: PMC10930297 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder with unclear etiology. High heterogeneity is one of the main issues in the etiological studies. This study explores the relationship between RELN signaling pathway related genes (RELN, VLDLR, LRP8, DAB1, CDK5, FYN) and language development of autism patients based on a cluster analysis model which is established to reduce the heterogeneity. METHODS Autism children were recruited from 5 different medical/autism training institutes from Hunan, Shandong, and Henan provinces, and were divided into 2 parts according to the recruitment time: The first part was the training sample, which was recruited from October 2006 to May 2011, and the second part was the validation sample, which was recruited from July 2011 to May 2012. A two-step cluster analysis was performed to cluster 374 Chinese Han autism patients into different subgroups based on 2 parameters: Onset age of the first word and interval from the first word to the first phase. A Bayes discriminatory equation was established followed the cluster results. Then we used this equation to divide another 310 autism children into prior defined subgroups. After the genotyping data was screened, a single marker case-control association study was conducted. RESULTS The cluster analysis clustered 374 samples into 3 subgroups. Onset ages of the first word in the Group A were (11.83±4.37) months and intervals from the first word to the first phase were (24.55±8.67) months; onset ages of the first word in the Group B were (12.17±3.46) months, intervals from the first word to the first phase were (7.07±3.79) months; onset ages of the first word of Group C were (30.94±7.60) months, intervals from the first word to the first phase were (4.73±4.80) months. The established equations based on the cluster analysis were YA=-14.442+0.525X1+0.810X2, YB=-4.964+0.477X1+0.264X2, YC=-19.843+1.175X1+0.241X2. Cross validated analysis showed that the false rate of the equation was 3.8%. A total of 341 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 6 genes passed the quality control. Before divided subgroups, none of these SNPs reached the significant P value (P>2.44×10-5, Bonferroni adjustment). However the result showed that rs1288502 of LRP8 in Group B was significantly different from the control group (P=6.45×10-6). CONCLUSIONS Based on the cluster analysis of language development, we could establish a discriminatory equation to reduce heterogeneity of autism sample. The association test indicates that LRP8 genein RELN signaling pathway is related to a particular type of language development of autism patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
| | - Huixi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
- Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011.
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Torres DJ, Yorgason JT, Mitchell CC, Hagiwara A, Andres MA, Kurokawa S, Steffensen SC, Bellinger FP. Selenoprotein P Modulates Methamphetamine Enhancement of Vesicular Dopamine Release in Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Via Dopamine D2 Receptors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631825. [PMID: 33927588 PMCID: PMC8076559 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission plays a critical role in processing rewarding and pleasurable stimuli. Increased synaptic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the physiological effects of drugs of abuse. The essential trace element selenium mitigates methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Selenium can also alter DA production and turnover. However, studies have not directly addressed the role of selenium in DA neurotransmission. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP1) requires selenium for synthesis and transports selenium to the brain, in addition to performing other functions. We investigated whether SELENOP1 directly impacts (1) DA signaling and (2) the dopaminergic response to methamphetamine. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to investigate DA transmission and the response to methamphetamine in NAc slices from C57/BL6J SELENOP1 KO mice. Recordings from SELENOP1 KO mouse slices revealed reduced levels of evoked DA release and slower DA uptake rates. Methamphetamine caused a dramatic increase in vesicular DA release in SELENOP1 KO mice not observed in wild-type controls. This elevated response was attenuated by SELENOP1 application through a selenium-independent mechanism involving SELENOP1-apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) interaction to promote dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) function. In wild-type mice, increased vesicular DA release in response to methamphetamine was revealed by blocking D2R activation, indicating that the receptor suppresses the methamphetamine-induced vesicular increase. Our data provide evidence of a direct physiological role for SELENOP1 in the dopaminergic response to methamphetamine and suggest a signaling role for the protein in DA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.,Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jordan T Yorgason
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Catherine C Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ayaka Hagiwara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Marilou A Andres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | - Scott C Steffensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Frederick P Bellinger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mânoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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6
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Vázquez-Borsetti P, Acuña A, Soliño M, López-Costa JJ, Kargieman L, Loidl FC. Deep hypothermia prevents striatal alterations produced by perinatal asphyxia: Implications for the prevention of dyskinesia and psychosis. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2679-2694. [PMID: 32301107 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic medium spiny neurons are the main neuronal population in the striatum. Calbindin is preferentially expressed in medium spiny neurons involved in the indirect pathway. The aim of the present work is to analyze the effect of perinatal asphyxia on different subpopulations of GABAergic neurons in the striatum and to assess the outcome of deep therapeutic hypothermia. The uterus of pregnant rats was removed by cesarean section and the fetuses were exposed to hypoxia by immersion in water (19 min) at 37°C (perinatal asphyxia). The hypothermic group was exposed to 10°C during 30 min after perinatal asphyxia. The rats were euthanized at the age of one month (adolescent/adult rats), their brains were dissected out and coronal sections were immunolabeled for calbindin, calretinin, NeuN, and reelin. Reelin+ cells showed no staining in the striatum besides subventricular zone. The perinatal asphyxia (PA) group showed a significant decrease in calbindin neurons and a paradoxical increase in neurons estimated by NeuN staining. Moreover, calretinin+ cells, a specific subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, showed an increase caused by PA. Deep hypothermia reversed most of these alterations probably by protecting calbindin neurons. Similarly, there was a reduction of the diameter of the anterior commissure produced by the asphyxia that was prevented by hypothermic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Acuña
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Soliño
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José López-Costa
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Kargieman
- IFIBYNE (UBA-CONICET) Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián César Loidl
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Epigenomic Dysregulation in Schizophrenia: In Search of Disease Etiology and Biomarkers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081837. [PMID: 32764320 PMCID: PMC7463953 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a complex array of signs and symptoms that causes very significant disability in young people. While schizophrenia has a strong genetic component, with heritability around 80%, there is also a very significant range of environmental exposures and stressors that have been implicated in disease development and neuropathology, such as maternal immune infection, obstetric complications, childhood trauma and cannabis exposure. It is postulated that epigenetic factors, as well as regulatory non-coding RNAs, mediate the effects of these environmental stressors. In this review, we explore the most well-known epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation and histone modification, along with emerging RNA mediators of epigenomic state, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, and discuss their collective potential for involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia implicated through the postmortem analysis of brain tissue. Given that peripheral tissues, such as blood, saliva, and olfactory epithelium have the same genetic composition and are exposed to many of the same environmental exposures, we also examine some studies supporting the application of peripheral tissues for epigenomic biomarker discovery in schizophrenia. Finally, we provide some perspective on how these biomarkers may be utilized to capture a signature of past events that informs future treatment.
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8
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Swier VJ, White KA, Meyerholz DK, Chefdeville A, Khanna R, Sieren JC, Quelle DE, Weimer JM. Validating indicators of CNS disorders in a swine model of neurological disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228222. [PMID: 32074109 PMCID: PMC7029865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified swine disease models are becoming increasingly important for studying molecular, physiological and pathological characteristics of human disorders. Given the limited history of these model systems, there remains a great need for proven molecular reagents in swine tissue. Here, to provide a resource for neurological models of disease, we validated antibodies by immunohistochemistry for use in examining central nervous system (CNS) markers in a recently developed miniswine model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition disorder stemming from mutations in NF1, a gene that encodes the Ras-GTPase activating protein neurofibromin. Patients classically present with benign neurofibromas throughout their bodies and can also present with neurological associated symptoms such as chronic pain, cognitive impairment, and behavioral abnormalities. As validated antibodies for immunohistochemistry applications are particularly difficult to find for swine models of neurological disease, we present immunostaining validation of antibodies implicated in glial inflammation (CD68), oligodendrocyte development (NG2, O4 and Olig2), and neuron differentiation and neurotransmission (doublecortin, GAD67, and tyrosine hydroxylase) by examining cellular localization and brain region specificity. Additionally, we confirm the utility of anti-GFAP, anti-Iba1, and anti-MBP antibodies, previously validated in swine, by testing their immunoreactivity across multiple brain regions in mutant NF1 samples. These immunostaining protocols for CNS markers provide a useful resource to the scientific community, furthering the utility of genetically modified miniswine for translational and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience; College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li W, Pozzo-Miller L. Dysfunction of the corticostriatal pathway in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:2130-2147. [PMID: 31758607 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The corticostriatal pathway that carries sensory, motor, and limbic information to the striatum plays a critical role in motor control, action selection, and reward. Dysfunction of this pathway is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Corticostriatal synapses have unique features in their cortical origins and striatal targets. In this review, we first describe axonal growth and synaptogenesis in the corticostriatal pathway during development, and then summarize the current understanding of the molecular bases of synaptic transmission and plasticity at mature corticostriatal synapses. Genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been implicated in axonal growth abnormalities, imbalance of the synaptic excitation/inhibition ratio, and altered long-term synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway. Here, we review a number of ASD-associated high-confidence genes, including FMR1, KMT2A, GRIN2B, SCN2A, NLGN1, NLGN3, MET, CNTNAP2, FOXP2, TSHZ3, SHANK3, PTEN, CHD8, MECP2, DYRK1A, RELN, FOXP1, SYNGAP1, and NRXN, and discuss their relevance to proper corticostriatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Vaswani AR, Weykopf B, Hagemann C, Fried HU, Brüstle O, Blaess S. Correct setup of the substantia nigra requires Reelin-mediated fast, laterally-directed migration of dopaminergic neurons. eLife 2019; 8:41623. [PMID: 30689541 PMCID: PMC6349407 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons migrate to form the laterally-located substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) and medially-located ventral tegmental area (VTA), but little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular processes. Here we visualize the dynamic cell morphologies of tangentially migrating SN-mDA neurons in 3D and identify two distinct migration modes. Slow migration is the default mode in SN-mDA neurons, while fast, laterally-directed migration occurs infrequently and is strongly associated with bipolar cell morphology. Tangential migration of SN-mDA neurons is altered in absence of Reelin signaling, but it is unclear whether Reelin acts directly on migrating SN-mDA neurons and how it affects their cell morphology and migratory behavior. By specifically inactivating Reelin signaling in mDA neurons we demonstrate its direct role in SN-mDA tangential migration. Reelin promotes laterally-biased movements in mDA neurons during their slow migration mode, stabilizes leading process morphology and increases the probability of fast, laterally-directed migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ravi Vaswani
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Fried
- Light Microscope Facility, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Loss-of-Huntingtin in Medial and Lateral Ganglionic Lineages Differentially Disrupts Regional Interneuron and Projection Neuron Subtypes and Promotes Huntington's Disease-Associated Behavioral, Cellular, and Pathological Hallmarks. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1892-1909. [PMID: 30626701 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2443-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies are providing compelling evidence that the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder with frequent midlife onset, encompasses developmental components. Moreover, our previous studies using a hypomorphic model targeting huntingtin during the neurodevelopmental period indicated that loss-of-function mechanisms account for this pathogenic developmental component (Arteaga-Bracho et al., 2016). In the present study, we specifically ascertained the roles of subpallial lineage species in eliciting the previously observed HD-like phenotypes. Accordingly, we used the Cre-loxP system to conditionally ablate the murine huntingtin gene (Httflx) in cells expressing the subpallial patterning markers Gsx2 (Gsx2-Cre) or Nkx2.1 (Nkx2.1-Cre) in Httflx mice of both sexes. These genetic manipulations elicited anxiety-like behaviors, hyperkinetic locomotion, age-dependent motor deficits, and weight loss in both Httflx;Gsx2-Cre and Httflx;Nkx2.1-Cre mice. In addition, these strains displayed unique but complementary spatial patterns of basal ganglia degeneration that are strikingly reminiscent of those seen in human cases of HD. Furthermore, we observed early deficits of somatostatin-positive and Reelin-positive interneurons in both Htt subpallial null strains, as well as early increases of cholinergic interneurons, Foxp2+ arkypallidal neurons, and incipient deficits with age-dependent loss of parvalbumin-positive neurons in Httflx;Nkx2.1-Cre mice. Overall, our findings indicate that selective loss-of-huntingtin function in subpallial lineages differentially disrupts the number, complement, and survival of forebrain interneurons and globus pallidus GABAergic neurons, thereby leading to the development of key neurological hallmarks of HD during adult life. Our findings have important implications for the establishment and deployment of neural circuitries and the integrity of network reserve in health and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by aberrant trinucleotide expansion in the huntingtin gene. Mechanistically, this mutation involves both loss- and gain-of-function mechanisms affecting a broad array of cellular and molecular processes. Although huntingtin is widely expressed during adult life, the mutant protein only causes the demise of selective neuronal subtypes. The mechanisms accounting for this differential vulnerability remain elusive. In this study, we have demonstrated that loss-of-huntingtin function in subpallial lineages not only differentially disrupts distinct interneuron species early in life, but also leads to a pattern of neurological deficits that are reminiscent of HD. This work suggests that early disruption of selective neuronal subtypes may account for the profiles of enhanced regional cellular vulnerability to death in HD.
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12
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Single-cell trajectory analysis of human homogenous neurons carrying a rare RELN variant. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:129. [PMID: 30022058 PMCID: PMC6052151 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a protein encoded by the RELN gene that controls neuronal migration in the developing brain. Human genetic studies suggest that rare RELN variants confer susceptibility to mental disorders such as schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown what effects rare RELN variants have on human neuronal cells. To this end, the analysis of human neuronal dynamics at the single-cell level is necessary. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells carrying a rare RELN variant (RELN-del) using targeted genome editing; cells were further differentiated into highly homogeneous dopaminergic neurons. Our results indicated that RELN-del triggered an impaired reelin signal and decreased the expression levels of genes relevant for cell movement in human neurons. Single-cell trajectory analysis revealed that control neurons possessed directional migration even in vitro, while RELN-del neurons demonstrated a wandering type of migration. We further confirmed these phenotypes in neurons derived from a patient carrying the congenital RELN-del. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the biological significance of a rare RELN variant in human neurons based on individual neuron dynamics. Collectively, our approach should be useful for studying reelin function and evaluating mental disorder susceptibility, focusing on individual human neuronal migration.
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Brignani S, Pasterkamp RJ. Neuronal Subset-Specific Migration and Axonal Wiring Mechanisms in the Developing Midbrain Dopamine System. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28740464 PMCID: PMC5502286 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is involved in the control of cognitive and motor behaviors, and is associated with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. mDA neurons receive diverse afferent inputs and establish efferent connections with many brain areas. Recent studies have unveiled a high level of molecular and cellular heterogeneity within the mDA system with specific subsets of mDA neurons displaying select molecular profiles and connectivity patterns. During mDA neuron development, molecular differences between mDA neuron subsets allow the establishment of subset-specific afferent and efferent connections and functional roles. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent work defining novel mDA neuron subsets based on specific molecular signatures. Then, molecular cues are highlighted that control mDA neuron migration during embryonic development and that facilitate the formation of selective patterns of efferent connections. The review focuses largely on studies that show differences in these mechanisms between different subsets of mDA neurons and for which in vivo data is available, and is concluded by a section that discusses open questions and provides directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brignani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - R J Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Nabil Fikri RM, Norlelawati AT, Nour El-Huda AR, Hanisah MN, Kartini A, Norsidah K, Nor Zamzila A. Reelin (RELN) DNA methylation in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 88:28-37. [PMID: 28086126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic changes of RELN that are involved in the development of dopaminergic neurons may fit the developmental theory of schizophrenia. However, evidence regarding the association of RELN DNA methylation with schizophrenia is far from sufficient, as studies have only been conducted on a few limited brain samples. As DNA methylation in the peripheral blood may mirror the changes taking place in the brain, the use of peripheral blood for a DNA methylation study in schizophrenia is feasible due to the scarcity of brain samples. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the relationship of DNA methylation levels of RELN promoters with schizophrenia using genomic DNA derived from the peripheral blood of patients with the disorder. The case control studies consisted of 110 schizophrenia participants and 122 healthy controls who had been recruited from the same district. After bisufhite conversion, the methylation levels of the DNA samples were calculated based on their differences of the Cq values assayed using the highly sensitive real-time MethyLight TaqMan® procedure. A significantly higher level of methylation of the RELN promoter was found in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls (p = 0.005) and also in males compared with females (p = 0.004). Subsequently, the RELN expression of the methylated group was 25 fold less than that of the non-methylated group. Based upon the assumption of parallel methylation changes in the brain and peripheral blood, we concluded that RELN DNA methylation might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the definite effects of methylation on RELN function during development and also in adult life still require further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Mohd Nabil Fikri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - A Talib Norlelawati
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahim Nour El-Huda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Hanisah
- Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Kartini
- Department of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Kuzaifah Norsidah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Nor Zamzila
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
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15
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Vaswani AR, Blaess S. Reelin Signaling in the Migration of Ventral Brain Stem and Spinal Cord Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:62. [PMID: 27013975 PMCID: PMC4786562 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein Reelin is an important orchestrator of neuronal migration during the development of the central nervous system. While its role and mechanism of action have been extensively studied and reviewed in the formation of dorsal laminar brain structures like the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, its functions during the neuronal migration events that result in the nuclear organization of the ventral central nervous system are less well understood. In an attempt to delineate an underlying pattern of Reelin action in the formation of neuronal cell clusters, this review highlights the role of Reelin signaling in the migration of neuronal populations that originate in the ventral brain stem and the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita R Vaswani
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
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16
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Early‐life stress increases the survival of midbrain neurons during postnatal development and enhances reward‐related and anxiolytic‐like behaviors in a sex‐dependent fashion. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 44:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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