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Hermans EC, Donega V, Heijnen CJ, de Theije CGM, Nijboer CH. CXCL10 is a crucial chemoattractant for efficient intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:134. [PMID: 38715091 PMCID: PMC11077865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Recent research has shown promise in using intranasal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy if administered within 10 days after Hypoxia-Ischemia (HI) in neonatal mice. MSCs migrate from the nasal cavity to the cerebral lesion in response to chemotactic cues. Which exact chemokines are crucial for MSC guidance to the HI lesion is currently not fully understood. This study investigates the role of CXCL10 in MSC migration towards the HI-injured brain. METHODS HI was induced in male and female 9-day-old C57BL/6 mice followed by intranasal MSC treatment at day 10 or 17 post-HI. CXCL10 protein levels, PKH26-labeled MSCs and lesion size were assessed by ELISA, immunofluorescent imaging and MAP2 staining respectively. At day 17 post-HI, when CXCL10 levels were reduced, intracranial CXCL10 injection and intranasal PKH26-labeled MSC administration were combined to assess CXCL10-guided MSC migration. MSC treatment efficacy was evaluated after 18 days, measuring lesion size, motor outcome (cylinder rearing task), glial scarring (GFAP staining) and neuronal density (NeuN staining) around the lesion. Expression of the receptor for CXCL10, i.e. CXCR3, on MSCs was confirmed by qPCR and Western Blot. Moreover, CXCL10-guided MSC migration was assessed through an in vitro transwell migration assay. RESULTS Intranasal MSC treatment at day 17 post-HI did not reduce lesion size in contrast to earlier treatment timepoints. Cerebral CXCL10 levels were significantly decreased at 17 days versus 10 days post-HI and correlated with reduced MSC migration towards the brain. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CXCR3 receptor inhibition prevented CXCL10-guided migration of MSCs. Intracranial CXCL10 injection at day 17 post-HI significantly increased the number of MSCs reaching the lesion which was accompanied by repair of the HI lesion as measured by reduced lesion size and glial scarring, and an increased number of neurons around the lesion. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the crucial role of the chemoattractant CXCL10 in guiding MSCs to the HI lesion after intranasal administration. Strategies to enhance CXCR3-mediated migration of MSCs may improve the efficacy of MSC therapy or extend its regenerative therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Hermans
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Internal post: KC03.068.0, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Donega
- Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Internal post: KC03.068.0, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Internal post: KC03.068.0, PO Box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
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Li W, Xiang Z, Yu W, Huang X, Jiang Q, Abumansour A, Yang Y, Chen C. Natural compounds and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for inflammatory-impaired tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38321524 PMCID: PMC10848428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common and important pathological process occurring in any part of the body and relating to a variety of diseases. Effective tissue repair is critical for the survival of impaired organisms. Considering the side effects of the currently used anti-inflammatory medications, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed for the improvement of regenerative capacities of inflammatory-impaired tissues. Mesenchymal stromal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are characterized by the capabilities of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation and exhibit immunomodulatory capacity. Due to the ability to modulate inflammatory phenotypes and immune responses, MSCs have been considered as a potential alternative therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Natural compounds (NCs) are complex small multiple-target molecules mostly derived from plants and microorganisms, exhibiting therapeutic effects in many disorders, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Recently, increasing studies focused on the prominent effects of NCs on MSCs, including the regulation of cell survival and inflammatory response, as well as osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation capacities, which indicate the roles of NCs on MSC-based cytotherapy in several inflammatory diseases. Their therapeutic effects and fewer side effects in numerous physiological processes, compared to chemosynthetic drugs, made them to be a new therapeutic avenue combined with MSCs for impaired tissue regeneration. Here we summarize the current understanding of the influence of NCs on MSCs and related downstream signaling pathways, specifically in pathological inflammatory conditions. In addition, the emerging concepts through the combination of NCs and MSCs to expand the therapeutic perspectives are highlighted. A promising MSC source from oral/dental tissues is also discussed, with a remarkable potential for MSC-based therapy in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zichao Xiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arwa Abumansour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Research and Innovation Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Bautista-Perez SM, Silva-Islas CA, Sandoval-Marquez OU, Toledo-Toledo J, Bello-Martínez JM, Barrera-Oviedo D, Maldonado PD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic in Ischemic Stroke: Proposal of a New Mechanism of Protection through Regulation of Neuroplasticity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2126. [PMID: 38136245 PMCID: PMC10740829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on our review of the available information. The aim of the present study is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Monserrat Bautista-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Silva-Islas
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Oscar Uriel Sandoval-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Jesús Toledo-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Zona #30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 08300, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Bello-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Departamento Cirugía General, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11600, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
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Tian J, Zhu J, Fan Q, Luo X, Nie Q, Yu J, Wu X, Tang Y, Liu T, Yin H. Interleukin-33 improves the neurogenesis of neural stem cells in perinatal brain after hypoxia-ischemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110778. [PMID: 37573691 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult is an important cause of neonatal encephalopathy, and the effective therapeutic approaches are currently limited. Interleukin (IL)-33 acts as a member of the IL-1 superfamily and has been shown to be neuroprotective following experimental neonatal HI and adult stroke. Here, we explore the effect of IL-33 and its specific receptor ST2 axis on endogenous neurogenesis in neonatal brain after HI. ST2 was found on the surface of NSCs, and the expression of ST2 was further enhanced after HI challenge. Delivery of IL-33 obviously repopulated the size of NSC pool, whereas ST2 deficiency worsened the neurogenesis of NSCs in neonatal brain post HI insult. Further in vivo and in vitro studies showed IL-33 regulates the survival, proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through ST2 signaling pathways. Intriguingly, IL-33 facilitated translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which is involved in neural differentiation of NSCs. These data demonstrate a critical role of IL-33/ST2 axis in regulation of endogenous neurogenesis of NSCs via activation of the Nrf2 signaling, which provide a new insight into the effect of IL-33 in neonatal brain following HI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaotian Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianying Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528453, China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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5
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Farahzadi R, Valipour B, Montazersaheb S, Fathi E. Targeting the stem cell niche micro-environment as therapeutic strategies in aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1162136. [PMID: 37274742 PMCID: PMC10235764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1162136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) reside throughout the body and support various tissue. Owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, ASCs have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Their survival, quiescence, and activation are influenced by specific signals within their microenvironment or niche. In better words, the stem cell function is significantly influenced by various extrinsic signals derived from the niche. The stem cell niche is a complex and dynamic network surrounding stem cells that plays a crucial role in maintaining stemness. Studies on stem cell niche have suggested that aged niche contributes to the decline in stem cell function. Notably, functional loss of stem cells is highly associated with aging and age-related disorders. The stem cell niche is comprised of complex interactions between multiple cell types. Over the years, essential aspects of the stem cell niche have been revealed, including cell-cell contact, extracellular matrix interaction, soluble signaling factors, and biochemical and biophysical signals. Any alteration in the stem cell niche causes cell damage and affects the regenerative properties of the stem cells. A pristine stem cell niche might be essential for the proper functioning of stem cells and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this regard, niche-targeted interventions may alleviate problems associated with aging in stem cell behavior. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss recent findings in the field of stem cell aging, heterogeneity of stem cell niches, and impact of age-related changes on stem cell behavior. We further focused on how the niche affects stem cells in homeostasis, aging, and the progression of malignant diseases. Finally, we detail the therapeutic strategies for tissue repair, with a particular emphasis on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Metformin enhances neural precursor cells migration and functional recovery after ischemic stroke in mice. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:505-515. [PMID: 36611122 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resident neural precursor cells (NPCs) activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain repair. This strategy involves stimulating multiple stages of NPCs development, including proliferation, self-renewal, migration, and differentiation. Metformin, an FDA-approved diabetes drug, has been shown to promote the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. However, it is still unclear whether metformin promotes the migration of NPCs. EVOS living cell imaging system was used for observing the migration for primary NPCs dynamically in vitro after metformin treatment. For in vivo study, a mouse model of ischemic stroke was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To label the proliferating cell in subventricular zone, BrdU was injected intraperitoneally into the mice. After co-staining with BrdU and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for NPCs, the migration of Brdu and DCX double positive NPCs was detected along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and around the infarct area using frozen brain sections. Finally, the rotarod test, corner test and beam walking were performed to evaluate the motor functions of the mice after stroke in different groups. The results showed that metformin enhanced NPCs migration in vivo and in vitro by promoting F-actin assembly and lamellipodia formation. What's more, metformin treatment also significantly reduced the infarct volume and alleviated functional dysfunction after stroke. Mechanistically, metformin promoted NPCs migration via up-regulating the CDC42 expression. Taken together, metformin represents an optimal candidate agent for neural repair that is capable of not only expanding the adult NPC population but also subsequently driving them toward the destination for neuronal differentiation.
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Miranda-Negrón Y, García-Arrarás JE. Radial glia and radial glia-like cells: Their role in neurogenesis and regeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006037. [PMID: 36466166 PMCID: PMC9708897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial glia is a cell type traditionally associated with the developing nervous system, particularly with the formation of cortical layers in the mammalian brain. Nonetheless, some of these cells, or closely related types, called radial glia-like cells are found in adult central nervous system structures, functioning as neurogenic progenitors in normal homeostatic maintenance and in response to injury. The heterogeneity of radial glia-like cells is nowadays being probed with molecular tools, primarily by the expression of specific genes that define cell types. Similar markers have identified radial glia-like cells in the nervous system of non-vertebrate organisms. In this review, we focus on adult radial glia-like cells in neurogenic processes during homeostasis and in response to injury. We highlight our results using a non-vertebrate model system, the echinoderm Holothuria glaberrima where we have described a radial glia-like cell that plays a prominent role in the regeneration of the holothurian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E. García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Akindona FA, Frederico SC, Hancock JC, Gilbert MR. Exploring the origin of the cancer stem cell niche and its role in anti-angiogenic treatment for glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947634. [PMID: 36091174 PMCID: PMC9454306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be the main drivers of tumorigenesis for malignancies such as glioblastoma (GBM). They are maintained through a close relationship with the tumor vasculature. Previous literature has well-characterized the components and signaling pathways for maintenance of this stem cell niche, but details on how the niche initially forms are limited. This review discusses development of the nonmalignant neural and hematopoietic stem cell niches in order to draw important parallels to the malignant environment. We then discuss what is known about the cancer stem cell niche, its relationship with angiogenesis, and provide a hypothesis for its development in GBM. A better understanding of the mechanisms of development of the tumor stem cell niche may provide new insights to potentially therapeutically exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funto A. Akindona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C. Frederico
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John C. Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Gilbert,
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Ghazale H, Park E, Vasan L, Mester J, Saleh F, Trevisiol A, Zinyk D, Chinchalongporn V, Liu M, Fleming T, Prokopchuk O, Klenin N, Kurrasch D, Faiz M, Stefanovic B, McLaurin J, Schuurmans C. Ascl1 phospho-site mutations enhance neuronal conversion of adult cortical astrocytes in vivo. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917071. [PMID: 36061596 PMCID: PMC9434350 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming, the process whereby a terminally differentiated cell is converted into an induced neuron without traversing a pluripotent state, has tremendous therapeutic potential for a host of neurodegenerative diseases. While there is strong evidence for astrocyte-to-neuron conversion in vitro, in vivo studies in the adult brain are less supportive or controversial. Here, we set out to enhance the efficacy of neuronal conversion of adult astrocytes in vivo by optimizing the neurogenic capacity of a driver transcription factor encoded by the proneural gene Ascl1. Specifically, we mutated six serine phospho-acceptor sites in Ascl1 to alanines (Ascl1SA6) to prevent phosphorylation by proline-directed serine/threonine kinases. Native Ascl1 or Ascl1SA6 were expressed in adult, murine cortical astrocytes under the control of a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). When targeted to the cerebral cortex in vivo, mCherry+ cells transduced with AAV8-GFAP-Ascl1SA6-mCherry or AAV8-GFAP-Ascl1-mCherry expressed neuronal markers within 14 days post-transduction, with Ascl1SA6 promoting the formation of more mature dendritic arbors compared to Ascl1. However, mCherry expression disappeared by 2-months post-transduction of the AAV8-GFAP-mCherry control-vector. To circumvent reporter issues, AAV-GFAP-iCre (control) and AAV-GFAP-Ascl1 (or Ascl1SA6)-iCre constructs were generated and injected into the cerebral cortex of Rosa reporter mice. In all comparisons of AAV capsids (AAV5 and AAV8), GFAP promoters (long and short), and reporter mice (Rosa-zsGreen and Rosa-tdtomato), Ascl1SA6 transduced cells more frequently expressed early- (Dcx) and late- (NeuN) neuronal markers. Furthermore, Ascl1SA6 repressed the expression of astrocytic markers Sox9 and GFAP more efficiently than Ascl1. Finally, we co-transduced an AAV expressing ChR2-(H134R)-YFP, an optogenetic actuator. After channelrhodopsin photostimulation, we found that Ascl1SA6 co-transduced astrocytes exhibited a significantly faster decay of evoked potentials to baseline, a neuronal feature, when compared to iCre control cells. Taken together, our findings support an enhanced neuronal conversion efficiency of Ascl1SA6 vs. Ascl1, and position Ascl1SA6 as a critical transcription factor for future studies aimed at converting adult brain astrocytes to mature neurons to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghazale
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - EunJee Park
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lakshmy Vasan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Mester
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fermisk Saleh
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Zinyk
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vorapin Chinchalongporn
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Fleming
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natalia Klenin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maryam Faiz
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carol Schuurmans,
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Everlien I, Yen TY, Liu YC, Di Marco B, Vázquez-Marín J, Centanin L, Alfonso J, Monyer H. Diazepam binding inhibitor governs neurogenesis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during embryonic development via GABA signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3139-3153.e6. [PMID: 35998632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the neurotransmitters that influence neurogenesis, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an outstanding role, and GABA receptors support non-synaptic signaling in progenitors and migrating neurons. Here, we report that expression levels of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endozepine that modulates GABA signaling, regulate embryonic neurogenesis, affecting the long-term outcome regarding the number of neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. We demonstrate that DBI is highly expressed in radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells in the germinal zones of the embryonic mouse brain that give rise to excitatory and inhibitory cells. The mechanism by which DBI controls neurogenesis involves its action as a negative allosteric modulator of GABA-induced currents on progenitor cells that express GABAA receptors containing γ2 subunits. DBI's modulatory effect parallels that of GABAA-receptor-mediating signaling in these cells in the proliferative areas, reflecting the tight control that DBI exerts on embryonic neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Everlien
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ting-Yun Yen
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Marco
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Vázquez-Marín
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julieta Alfonso
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Ehlting A, Zweyer M, Maes E, Schleehuber Y, Doshi H, Sabir H, Bernis ME. Impact of Hypoxia-Ischemia on Neurogenesis and Structural and Functional Outcomes in a Mild-Moderate Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Injury Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081164. [PMID: 36013343 PMCID: PMC9410039 DOI: 10.3390/life12081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common type of brain injury caused by a lack of oxygen and blood flow to the brain during the perinatal period. The incidence of HIE is approximately 2−3 cases per 1000 live births in high-income settings; while in low- and middle-income countries, the incidence is 3−10-fold higher. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the current standard treatment for neonates affected by moderate−severe HIE. However, more than 50% of all infants with suspected HIE have mild encephalopathy, and these infants are not treated with TH because of their lower risk of adverse outcomes. Despite this, several analyses of pooled data provide increasing evidence that infants who initially have mild encephalopathy may present signs of more significant brain injury later in life. The purpose of this study was to expand our knowledge about the effect of mild−moderate hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at the cellular, structural, and functional levels. An established rat model of mild−moderate HI was used, where postnatal day (P) 7 rats were exposed to unilateral permanent occlusion of the left carotid artery and 90 min of 8% hypoxia, followed by TH or normothermia (NT) treatment. The extent of injury was assessed using histology (P14 and P42) and MRI (P11 and P32), as well as with short-term and long-term behavioral tests. Neurogenesis was assessed by BrdU staining. We showed that mild−moderate HI leads to a progressive loss of brain tissue, pathological changes in MRI scans, as well as an impairment of long-term motor function. At P14, the median area loss assessed by histology for HI animals was 20% (p < 0.05), corresponding to mild−moderate brain injury, increasing to 55% (p < 0.05) at P42. The data assessed by MRI corroborated our results. HI led to a decrease in neurogenesis, especially in the hippocampus and the lateral ventricle at early time points, with a delayed partial recovery. TH was not neuroprotective at early time points following mild−moderate HI, but prevented the increase in brain damage over time. Additionally, rats treated with TH showed better long-term motor function. Altogether, our results bring more light to the understanding of pathophysiology following mild-moderate HI. We showed that, in the context of mild-moderate HI, TH failed to be significantly neuroprotective. However, animals treated with TH showed a significant improvement in motor, but not cognitive long-term function. These results are in line with what is observed in some cases where neonates with mild HIE are at risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in infancy or childhood. Whether TH should be used as a preventive treatment to reduce adverse outcomes in mild-HIE remains of active interest, and more research has to be carried out in order to address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ehlting
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Elke Maes
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Yvonne Schleehuber
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Hardik Doshi
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Eugenia Bernis
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.E.); (M.Z.); (E.M.); (Y.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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12
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Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM, Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV. Resident Neural Stem Cell Niches and Regeneration: The Splendors and Miseries of Adult Neurogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Divergence between Neuronal and Oligodendroglial Cell Fate, in Postnatal Brain Neural Stem Cells, Leads to Divergent Properties in Polymorphic In Vitro Assays. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111743. [PMID: 35681436 PMCID: PMC9179558 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main stem cell pools exist in the postnatal mammalian brain that, although they share some “stemness” properties, also exhibit significant differences. Multipotent neural stem cells survive within specialized microenvironments, called niches, and they are vulnerable to ageing. Oligodendroglial lineage-restricted progenitor cells are widely distributed in the brain parenchyma and are more resistant to the effects of ageing. Here, we create polymorphic neural stem cell cultures and allow cells to progress towards the neuronal and the oligodendroglial lineage. We show that the divergence of cell fate is accompanied by a divergence in the properties of progenitors, which reflects their adaptation to life in the niche or the parenchyma. Neurogenesis shows significant spatial restrictions and a dependence on laminin, a major niche component, while oligodendrogenesis shows none of these constraints. Furthermore, the blocking of integrin-β1 leads to opposing effects, reducing neurogenesis and enhancing oligodendrogenesis. Therefore, polymorphic neural stem cell assays can be used to investigate the divergence of postnatal brain stem cells and also to predict the in vivo effects of potential therapeutic molecules targeting stem and progenitor cells, as we do for the microneurotrophin BNN-20.
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14
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Bierman-Duquette RD, Safarians G, Huang J, Rajput B, Chen JY, Wang ZZ, Seidlits SK. Engineering Tissues of the Central Nervous System: Interfacing Conductive Biomaterials with Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101577. [PMID: 34808031 PMCID: PMC8986557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials provide an important control for engineering neural tissues, where electrical stimulation can potentially direct neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) maturation into functional neuronal networks. It is anticipated that stem cell-based therapies to repair damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissues and ex vivo, "tissue chip" models of the CNS and its pathologies will each benefit from the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and conductive biomaterials. Here, technological advances in conductive biomaterials are reviewed over the past two decades that may facilitate the development of engineered tissues with integrated physiological and electrical functionalities. First, one briefly introduces NS/PCs of the CNS. Then, the significance of incorporating microenvironmental cues, to which NS/PCs are naturally programmed to respond, into biomaterial scaffolds is discussed with a focus on electrical cues. Next, practical design considerations for conductive biomaterials are discussed followed by a review of studies evaluating how conductive biomaterials can be engineered to control NS/PC behavior by mimicking specific functionalities in the CNS microenvironment. Finally, steps researchers can take to move NS/PC-interfacing, conductive materials closer to clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bushra Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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15
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Regulating Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Activation to Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050846. [PMID: 35269466 PMCID: PMC8909806 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of individuals worldwide. Currently, there is no cure, and treatment options to promote neural recovery are limited. An innovative approach to improve outcomes following SCI involves the recruitment of endogenous populations of neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs can be isolated from the neuroaxis of the central nervous system (CNS), with brain and spinal cord populations sharing common characteristics (as well as regionally distinct phenotypes). Within the spinal cord, a number of NSC sub-populations have been identified which display unique protein expression profiles and proliferation kinetics. Collectively, the potential for NSCs to impact regenerative medicine strategies hinges on their cardinal properties, including self-renewal and multipotency (the ability to generate de novo neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes). Accordingly, endogenous NSCs could be harnessed to replace lost cells and promote structural repair following SCI. While studies exploring the efficacy of this approach continue to suggest its potential, many questions remain including those related to heterogeneity within the NSC pool, the interaction of NSCs with their environment, and the identification of factors that can enhance their response. We discuss the current state of knowledge regarding populations of endogenous spinal cord NSCs, their niche, and the factors that regulate their behavior. In an attempt to move towards the goal of enhancing neural repair, we highlight approaches that promote NSC activation following injury including the modulation of the microenvironment and parenchymal cells, pharmaceuticals, and applied electrical stimulation.
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16
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Ma Y, Yang S, He Q, Zhang D, Chang J. The Role of Immune Cells in Post-Stroke Angiogenesis and Neuronal Remodeling: The Known and the Unknown. Front Immunol 2022; 12:784098. [PMID: 34975872 PMCID: PMC8716409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.784098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a cerebral ischemic event, substantial alterations in both cellular and molecular activities occur due to ischemia-induced cerebral pathology. Mounting evidence indicates that the robust recruitment of immune cells plays a central role in the acute stage of stroke. Infiltrating peripheral immune cells and resident microglia mediate neuronal cell death and blood-brain barrier disruption by releasing inflammation-associated molecules. Nevertheless, profound immunological effects in the context of the subacute and chronic recovery phase of stroke have received little attention. Early attempts to curtail the infiltration of immune cells were effective in mitigating brain injury in experimental stroke studies but failed to exert beneficial effects in clinical trials. Neural tissue damage repair processes include angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptic remodeling, etc. Post-stroke inflammatory cells can adopt divergent phenotypes that influence the aforementioned biological processes in both endothelial and neural stem cells by either alleviating acute inflammatory responses or secreting a variety of growth factors, which are substantially involved in the process of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. To better understand the multiple roles of immune cells in neural tissue repair processes post stroke, we review what is known and unknown regarding the role of immune cells in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuronal remodeling. A comprehensive understanding of these inflammatory mechanisms may help identify potential targets for the development of novel immunoregulatory therapeutic strategies that ameliorate complications and improve functional rehabilitation after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilun Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianhui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Rövekamp M, von Glinski A, Volkenstein S, Dazert S, Sengstock C, Schildhauer TA, Breisch M. Olfactory Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury - a new pathway to the cure? World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e408-e416. [PMID: 35149247 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since full functional recovery after spinal cord injuries (SCI) remains a major challenge, stem cell therapies represent promising strategies to improve neurological functions after SCI. The olfactory mucosa (OM) displays an attractive source of multipotent cells for regenerative approaches and is easily accessible by biopsies due to its exposed location. The regenerative capacity of the resident olfactory stem cells (OSC) has been demonstrated in animal as well as clinical studies. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of isolation, purification and cultivation of OSC. METHODS OM specimens were taken dorso-posterior from nasal middle turbinate. OSC were isolated and purified using the neurosphere assay. Differentiation capacity of the OSC in neural lineage and their behavior in a plasma clot matrix were investigated. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that OSC differentiated into neural lineage and were positive for GFAP as well as β-III tubulin. Furthermore, OSC were viable and proliferated in a plasma clot matrix. CONCLUSION Since there are no standard methods for purification, characterization, and delivery of OSC to the injury site, which is a prerequisite for the clinical approval, this study focuses on the establishment of appropriate methods and underlies the high potential of the OM for autologous cell therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rövekamp
- Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alexander von Glinski
- Deparment of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery/ St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bleichstraße 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Dazert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery/ St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bleichstraße 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Armin Schildhauer
- Deparment of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Breisch
- Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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18
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Li W, Huang X, Yu W, Xu Y, Huang R, Park J, Moshaverinia A, Arora P, Chen C. Activation of Functional Somatic Stem Cells Promotes Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. J Dent Res 2022; 101:802-811. [PMID: 35114850 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament derived stem cells (PDLSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types and inducing a promising immunomodulation for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, it is still challenging to develop a practical approach to activate endogenous stem cells for tissue self-healing and regeneration. In this study, transcriptome analysis reveals that resveratrol promotes PDLSC stemness through activation of stem cell, osteoprogenitor, and chondroprogenitor markers. Self-renewal and multipotent differentiation abilities are also improved in resveratrol-treated PDLSCs. In addition, immunomodulation of PDLSCs is dramatically increased after resveratrol treatment. Mechanistically, we show that resveratrol activates ERK/WNT crosstalk through elevation of olfactory and growth factor signaling pathways to upregulate the expression levels of RUNX2 and FASL for osteogenesis and immunomodulation, respectively. By using a periodontitis animal model, administration of resveratrol partially rescues bone loss through activation of endogenous somatic stem cells and inhibition of inflammatory T-cell infiltration. Taken together, our findings identify a novel pharmacological approach to achieve autotherapies for endogenous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Arora
- Early-Research Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Xu L, Wang J, Ding Y, Wang L, Zhu YJ. Current Knowledge of Microglia in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 12:796704. [PMID: 35087472 PMCID: PMC8787368 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.796704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). After traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia undergo activation, proliferation, and changes in gene and protein expression and morphology, with detrimental and beneficial effects. Activated microglia cause secondary neuronal injury via the production of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and proteases. However, activated microglia also promote neuronal repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines increase endothelial permeability, promote A1 astrocyte activation and axonal demyelination, and reduce neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), leading to the exacerbation of neuronal injury. In contrast, anti-inflammatory factors facilitate angiogenesis, reduce reactive astrocytes, and promote axonal remyelination and the propagation of NSPCs, contributing to tissue repair and locomotor recovery. Due to its limited regenerative capacity, the CNS requires beneficial microglia for continuous protection against injury. Understanding and regulating microglial activation status are beneficial to reducing detrimental effects and promoting repair behaviors and to obtain more information on efficient therapies for traumatic SCI. This review discusses microglial activation and the differences between microglia and similar immune cells, microglial interactions with other cells in the spinal cord, and the progress in the development of therapies targeting microglia in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Ding
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Hongjin W, Han C, Baoxiang J, Shiqi Y, Xiaoyu X. Reconstituting neurovascular unit based on the close relations between neural stem cells and endothelial cells: an effective method to explore neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:143-159. [PMID: 31539363 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their microenvironment, the NSC niche, brought new therapeutic strategies through neurogenesis and angiogenesis for stroke and most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Based on the close links between NSCs and endothelial cells, the integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis of the NSC niche is also a promising area to the neurovascular unit (NVU) modeling and is now offering a powerful tool to advance our understanding of the brain. In this review, critical aspects of the NVU and model systems are discussed. First, we briefly describe the interaction of each part in the NSC niche. Second, we introduce the co-culture system, microfluidic platforms, and stem cell-derived 3D reconstitution used in NVU modeling based on the close relations between NSCs and endothelial cells, and various characteristics of cell interactions in these systems are also described. Finally, we address the challenges in modeling the NVU that can potentially be overcome by employing strategies for advanced biomaterials and stem cell co-culture use. Based on these approaches, researchers will continue to develop predictable technologies to control the fate of stem cells, achieve accurate screening of drugs for the nervous system, and advance the clinical application of NVU models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hongjin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Baoxiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Shiqi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Xiaoyu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
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21
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Lestrell E, O'Brien CM, Elnathan R, Voelcker NH. Vertically Aligned Nanostructured Topographies for Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Neuronal Cell Interrogation. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lestrell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Carmel M. O'Brien
- CSIRO Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility 151 Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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22
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Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Lumelsky N. Creating a Pro-Regenerative Tissue Microenvironment: Local Control is the Key. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:712685. [PMID: 34368106 PMCID: PMC8334550 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.712685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Lumelsky
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Vasan L, Park E, David LA, Fleming T, Schuurmans C. Direct Neuronal Reprogramming: Bridging the Gap Between Basic Science and Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681087. [PMID: 34291049 PMCID: PMC8287587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming is an innovative new technology that involves the conversion of somatic cells to induced neurons (iNs) without passing through a pluripotent state. The capacity to make new neurons in the brain, which previously was not achievable, has created great excitement in the field as it has opened the door for the potential treatment of incurable neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries such as stroke. These neurological disorders are associated with frank neuronal loss, and as new neurons are not made in most of the adult brain, treatment options are limited. Developmental biologists have paved the way for the field of direct neuronal reprogramming by identifying both intrinsic cues, primarily transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, and extrinsic cues, including growth factors and other signaling molecules, that induce neurogenesis and specify neuronal subtype identities in the embryonic brain. The striking observation that postmitotic, terminally differentiated somatic cells can be converted to iNs by mis-expression of TFs or miRNAs involved in neural lineage development, and/or by exposure to growth factors or small molecule cocktails that recapitulate the signaling environment of the developing brain, has opened the door to the rapid expansion of new neuronal reprogramming methodologies. Furthermore, the more recent applications of neuronal lineage conversion strategies that target resident glial cells in situ has expanded the clinical potential of direct neuronal reprogramming techniques. Herein, we present an overview of the history, accomplishments, and therapeutic potential of direct neuronal reprogramming as revealed over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmy Vasan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eunjee Park
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Ajay David
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Fleming
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Barros CS, Bossing T. Microtubule disruption upon CNS damage triggers mitotic entry via TNF signaling activation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109325. [PMID: 34233183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair after traumatic injury often starts with mitotic activation around the lesion edges. Early midline cells in the Drosophila embryonic CNS can enter into division following the traumatic disruption of microtubules. We demonstrate that microtubule disruption activates non-canonical TNF signaling by phosphorylation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (Tak1) and its target IkappaB kinase (Ik2), culminating in Dorsal/NfkappaB nuclear translocation and Jra/Jun expression. Tak1 and Ik2 are necessary for the damaged-induced divisions. Microtubule disruption caused by Tau accumulation is also reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human Tau expression in Drosophila midline cells is sufficient to induce Tak1 phosphorylation, Dorsal and Jra/Jun expression, and entry into mitosis. Interestingly, activation of Tak1 and Tank binding kinase 1 (Tbk1), the human Ik2 ortholog, and NfkappaB upregulation are observed in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barros
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Torsten Bossing
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
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26
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Liu Y, Liu H, Meng Y, Zhang L. [Research progress of endogenous repair strategy in intervertebral disc]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:636-641. [PMID: 33998219 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of endogenous repair strategy (ERS) in intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods The domestic and foreign literature related to ERS in IVD in recent years was reviewed, and its characteristics, status, and prospect in the future were summarized. Results The key of ERS in IVD is to improve the vitality of stem/progenitor cells in IVD or promote its migration from stem cell Niche to the tissue that need to repair. These stem/progenitor cells in IVD are derived from nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplate, showing similar biological characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells including the expression of the specific stem/progenitor cell surface markers and gene, and also the capacity of multiple differentiations potential. However, the development, senescence, and degeneration of IVD have consumed these stem/progenitor cells, and the harsh internal microenvironment further impair their biological characteristics, which leads to the failure of endogenous repair in IVD. At present, relevant research mainly focuses on improving the biological characteristics of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, directly supplementing endogenous stem/progenitor cells, biomaterials and small molecule compounds to stimulate the endogenous repair in IVD, so as to improve the effect of endogenous repair. Conclusion At present, ERS has gotten some achievements in the treatment of IVD degeneration, but its related studies are still in the pre-clinical stage. So further studies regarding ERS should be carried out in the future, especially in vivo experiments and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou Jiangsu, 225000, P.R.China
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27
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Kjell J, Fischer-Sternjak J, Thompson AJ, Friess C, Sticco MJ, Salinas F, Cox J, Martinelli DC, Ninkovic J, Franze K, Schiller HB, Götz M. Defining the Adult Neural Stem Cell Niche Proteome Identifies Key Regulators of Adult Neurogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 26:277-293.e8. [PMID: 32032526 PMCID: PMC7005820 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain contains few niches for neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of generating new neurons, whereas other regions are primarily gliogenic. Here we leverage the spatial separation of the sub-ependymal zone NSC niche and the olfactory bulb, the region to which newly generated neurons from the sub-ependymal zone migrate and integrate, and present a comprehensive proteomic characterization of these regions in comparison to the cerebral cortex, which is not conducive to neurogenesis and integration of new neurons. We find differing compositions of regulatory extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the neurogenic niche. We further show that quiescent NSCs are the main source of their local ECM, including the multi-functional enzyme transglutaminase 2, which we show is crucial for neurogenesis. Atomic force microscopy corroborated indications from the proteomic analyses that neurogenic niches are significantly stiffer than non-neurogenic parenchyma. Together these findings provide a powerful resource for unraveling unique compositions of neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kjell
- Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany
| | - Amelia J Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Friess
- Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Matthew J Sticco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Favio Salinas
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - David C Martinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany; Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany; SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Division of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Germany; SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany.
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28
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Xu P, Ma X, Xiao X, Shi W, Xue N, Liu X, Zuo G, Hu S, Du X, Zheng J. Saikosaponin-d improved the stemness of mouse neural stem cells and increased their thermotolerance potential. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:324-332. [PMID: 33740828 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of saikosaponin-d (Ssd) on proliferation, differentiation, and stemness of neural stem cells (NSCs), and to observe whether Ssd has a protective effect on NSCs at medium-high and high temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS NSCs were extracted from 15-day fetal mice. After subculture, Ssd treatment was performed. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. Western Blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression and spatial distribution of Nestin, NSE, GFAP, Oct4, and SOX2. Cell growth morphology was observed under a microscope; the concentration of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the proportion of NSCs in the G0/G1 phase increased in the Ssd treatment group; on the contrary, the proportion in the G2/M phase significantly decreased. Microscopically, our results also suggested the sphere-formation rate increased significantly. Besides, the percentage of dead cells in the Ssd group at 38.5, 40°C were reduced, and the level of LDH release was dropped. CONCLUSION Ssd improved the stemness of NSCs, inhibited their differentiation into neural cells, and reduced cell damage under high temperature. Therefore, we speculate that Ssd can improve the thermotolerance of NSCs and protect the nervous system of children with fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanchao Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Xue
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development in Preterm Infants, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoxing Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinping Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
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29
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Rojas-Vázquez S, Blasco-Chamarro L, López-Fabuel I, Martínez-Máñez R, Fariñas I. Vascular Senescence: A Potential Bridge Between Physiological Aging and Neurogenic Decline. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666881. [PMID: 33958987 PMCID: PMC8093510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain contains distinct neurogenic niches harboring populations of neural stem cells (NSCs) with the capacity to sustain the generation of specific subtypes of neurons during the lifetime. However, their ability to produce new progeny declines with age. The microenvironment of these specialized niches provides multiple cellular and molecular signals that condition NSC behavior and potential. Among the different niche components, vasculature has gained increasing interest over the years due to its undeniable role in NSC regulation and its therapeutic potential for neurogenesis enhancement. NSCs are uniquely positioned to receive both locally secreted factors and adhesion-mediated signals derived from vascular elements. Furthermore, studies of parabiosis indicate that NSCs are also exposed to blood-borne factors, sensing and responding to the systemic circulation. Both structural and functional alterations occur in vasculature with age at the cellular level that can affect the proper extrinsic regulation of NSCs. Additionally, blood exchange experiments in heterochronic parabionts have revealed that age-associated changes in blood composition also contribute to adult neurogenesis impairment in the elderly. Although the mechanisms of vascular- or blood-derived signaling in aging are still not fully understood, a general feature of organismal aging is the accumulation of senescent cells, which act as sources of inflammatory and other detrimental signals that can negatively impact on neighboring cells. This review focuses on the interactions between vascular senescence, circulating pro-senescence factors and the decrease in NSC potential during aging. Understanding the mechanisms of NSC dynamics in the aging brain could lead to new therapeutic approaches, potentially include senolysis, to target age-dependent brain decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rojas-Vázquez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene López-Fabuel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Derkach D, Kehtari T, Renaud M, Heidari M, Lakshman N, Morshead CM. Metformin pretreatment rescues olfactory memory associated with subependymal zone neurogenesis in a juvenile model of cranial irradiation. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100231. [PMID: 33948569 PMCID: PMC8080112 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation (IR) is an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of childhood brain tumors but results in long-lasting cognitive deficits associated with impaired neurogenesis, as evidenced in rodent models. Metformin has been shown to expand the endogenous neural stem cell (NSC) pool and promote neurogenesis under physiological conditions and in response to neonatal brain injury, suggesting a potential role in neurorepair. Here, we assess whether metformin pretreatment, a clinically feasible treatment for children receiving cranial IR, promotes neurorepair in a mouse cranial IR model. Using immunofluorescence and the in vitro neurosphere assay, we show that NSCs are depleted by cranial IR but spontaneously recover, although deficits to proliferative neuroblasts persist. Metformin pretreatment enhances the recovery of neurogenesis, attenuates the microglial response, and promotes recovery of long-term olfactory memory. These findings indicate that metformin is a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical investigations of neurorepair in childhood brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derkach
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarlan Kehtari
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Renaud
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Heidari
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishanth Lakshman
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Oproescu AM, Han S, Schuurmans C. New Insights Into the Intricacies of Proneural Gene Regulation in the Embryonic and Adult Cerebral Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:642016. [PMID: 33658912 PMCID: PMC7917194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.642016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the mammalian brain was thought to lack stem cells as no new neurons were found to be made in adulthood. That dogma changed ∼25 years ago with the identification of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult rodent forebrain. However, unlike rapidly self-renewing mature tissues (e.g., blood, intestinal crypts, skin), the majority of adult NSCs are quiescent, and those that become 'activated' are restricted to a few neurogenic zones that repopulate specific brain regions. Conversely, embryonic NSCs are actively proliferating and neurogenic. Investigations into the molecular control of the quiescence-to-proliferation-to-differentiation continuum in the embryonic and adult brain have identified proneural genes encoding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) as critical regulators. These bHLH TFs initiate genetic programs that remove NSCs from quiescence and drive daughter neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to differentiate into specific neural cell subtypes, thereby contributing to the enormous cellular diversity of the adult brain. However, new insights have revealed that proneural gene activities are context-dependent and tightly regulated. Here we review how proneural bHLH TFs are regulated, with a focus on the murine cerebral cortex, drawing parallels where appropriate to other organisms and neural tissues. We discuss upstream regulatory events, post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation), protein-protein interactions, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms that govern bHLH TF expression, stability, localization, and consequent transactivation of downstream target genes. These tight regulatory controls help to explain paradoxical findings of changes to bHLH activity in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Oproescu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sisu Han
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences Platform, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Olivos-Cisneros L, Ramírez-Santos J, Gutiérrez-Ospina G. Proliferation rate and differentiation potential are independent during the transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis in the mouse embryonic spinal cord. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:75-82. [PMID: 33842913 PMCID: PMC8019975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSC) restrict their differentiation potential as the central nervous system develops. Experimental evidence suggests that the mechanisms governing the transition from the neurogenic to the gliogenic phase irreversibly affect the ability of NSC to generate neurons. Cell cycle regulation has been associated with cell fate in different models. In this work, we assessed the temporal correlation between the loss of the neurogenic potential and cell cycle lengthening of NSC obtained from embryonic mouse spinal cords, during the transition of the neurogenic to the gliogenic phase, using neurospheres. We also used the cell cycle inhibitor Olomoucine to increase cell cycle length by decreasing the proliferation rate. Our results show that neurospheres obtained from a neurogenic stage give rise mostly to neurons, whereas those obtained from later stages produce preferentially glial cells. During the transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis, the proliferation rate dropped, and the cell cycle length increased 1.5 folds, as monitored by DNA BrdU incorporation. Interestingly, Olomoucine-treated neurogenic-neurospheres display a reduced proliferation rate and preserve their neurogenic potential. Our results suggest that the mechanisms that restrict the differentiation potential of NSC are independent of the proliferation control. Neurosphere cultured, spinal cord NSC preserve their differentiation potential. Neurogenic NSC divide faster than those giving rise to glial cells. Cell cycle inhibitors increase in NSC transitioning from the neurogenic to the gliogenic phase. Artificial cell cycle lengthening does not affect the differentiation potential of neurogenic NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Olivos-Cisneros
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
- Corresponding author at: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Ramírez-Santos
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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Iwasa SN, Shi HH, Hong SH, Chen T, Marquez-Chin M, Iorio-Morin C, Kalia SK, Popovic MR, Naguib HE, Morshead CM. Novel Electrode Designs for Neurostimulation in Regenerative Medicine: Activation of Stem Cells. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:348-361. [PMID: 34471854 PMCID: PMC8370381 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (i.e., neural precursors) are found within specific regions in the central nervous system and have great regenerative capacity. These cells are electrosensitive and their behavior can be regulated by the presence of electric fields (EFs). Electrical stimulation is currently used to treat neurological disorders in a clinical setting. Herein we propose that electrical stimulation can be used to enhance neural repair by regulating neural precursor cell (NPC) kinetics and promoting their migration to sites of injury or disease. We discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect NPC migration in the presence of an EF and how this impacts electrode design with the goal of enhancing tissue regeneration. We conclude with an outlook on future clinical applications of electrical stimulation and highlight technological advances that would greatly support these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - HaoTian H Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sung Hwa Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa Marquez-Chin
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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34
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The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Glioma Microenvironment: Biogenesis and Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071964. [PMID: 32707733 PMCID: PMC7409063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a diverse group of brain tumors comprised of malignant cells ('tumor' cells) and non-malignant 'normal' cells, including neural (neurons, glia), inflammatory (microglia, macrophage) and vascular cells. Tumor heterogeneity arises in part because, within the glioma mass, both 'tumor' and 'normal' cells secrete factors that form a unique microenvironment to influence tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication between immediate cellular neighbors and distantly located cells in healthy tissues/organs and in tumors, including gliomas. EVs mediate cell-cell signaling as carriers of nucleic acid, lipid and protein cargo, and their content is unique to cell types and physiological states. EVs secreted by non-malignant neural cells have important physiological roles in the healthy brain, which can be altered or co-opted to promote tumor progression and metastasis, acting in combination with glioma-secreted EVs. The cell-type specificity of EV content means that 'vesiculome' data can potentially be used to trace the cell of origin. EVs may also serve as biomarkers to be exploited for disease diagnosis and to assess therapeutic progress. In this review, we discuss how EVs mediate intercellular communication in glioma, and their potential role as biomarkers and readouts of a therapeutic response.
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Abstract
In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons arise from stem and progenitor cell division, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Adult-generated neurons are sensitive to experience and may participate in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory, anxiety and stress regulation, and social behavior. Increasing evidence emphasizes the importance of new neuron connectivity within hippocampal circuitry for understanding the impact of adult neurogenesis on brain function. In this Review, we discuss how the functional consequences of new neurons arise from the collective interactions of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix, which together form the "tetrapartite synapse."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Al-Dalahmah O, Nicholson J, Draijer S, Soares LC, Szele FG. Galectin-3 diminishes Wnt signaling in the postnatal subventricular zone. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1149-1158. [PMID: 32442340 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal subventricular zone (pSVZ) stem and progenitor cell proliferation is regulated by several developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin. However, the molecular regulation of Wnt function in the pSVZ is poorly understood. We previously showed that Wnt signaling is upregulated in an SVZ gliomagenesis in vivo model. As well, the pro-inflammatory molecule Galectin-3 (Gal-3) increases Wnt signaling in cancer cells and is expressed in the SVZ. Therefore, we asked if Gal-3 has a similar function on Wnt signaling in the pSVZ. We interrogated Wnt signaling using a signaling reporter as well as immunohistochemistry and showed that Wnt signaling predominates upstream in the pSVZ lineage but is downregulated in migrating neuroblasts. Biochemical analysis of SVZ cells, in vivo and in neurosphere stem/progenitor cells, showed that Gal-3 physically interacts with multiple forms of β-catenin, which is a major downstream regulator of Wnt signaling. Functional analyses demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that Gal-3 knockdown increases Wnt signaling and conversely that Gal-3 OE inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pSVZ. This latter result suggested that Gal-3, which is consistently increased in brain injury, may decrease pSVZ proliferation. We showed that Gal-3 OE decreased proliferation without altering cell cycle re-entry and that it increased p27Kip1, a molecule which induces cell cycle exit. Our data uncover a novel regulator of Wnt signaling in the SVZ, Gal-3, which does so in a manner opposite to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Nicholson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Swip Draijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luana Campos Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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37
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Liu Y, Li Y, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Feng XM, Liu H, Zhang L. Insights of stem cell-based endogenous repair of intervertebral disc degeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:266-276. [PMID: 32399135 PMCID: PMC7202923 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain has become more prevalent in recent years, causing enormous economic burden for society and government. Common therapies used in clinics including conservative treatment and surgery can only relieve pain. Subsequent cell-based treatment such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation poses problems such as short duration of therapeutic effect and tumorigenesis. Recently, the discovery and identification of stem cell niche and stem/progenitor cells in intervertebral disc bring increased attention to endogenous repair strategy. Therefore, we review the studies involving endogenous repair strategy and present the characteristics and current status of this treatment. Meanwhile, we also discuss the strategy and perspective of endogenous repair strategy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ruddy RM, Derkach D, Dadwal P, Morshead CM. Cranial irradiation in juvenile mice leads to early and sustained defects in the stem and progenitor cell pools and late cognitive impairments. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146548. [PMID: 31715143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation is used in combination with other therapies as a treatment for brain tumours and is thought to contribute to long-term cognitive deficits. Several rodent models have demonstrated that these cognitive deficits may be correlated with damage to neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG), the two neurogenic niches of the brain. Studies in rodent models typically assess the proliferating progenitor population, but rarely investigate the effect of cranial irradiation on the neural stem cell pool. Further, few studies evaluate the effects in juveniles, an age when children typically receive this treatment. Herein, we examine the cellular and behavioural effects of juvenile cranial irradiation on stem and progenitor populations in the two neurogenic regions of the brain and assess cognitive outcomes. We found regionally distinct effects of cranial irradiation in the juvenile brain. In the SVZ, we observed a defect in the stem cell pool and a concomitant decrease in proliferating cells that were maintained for at least one week. In the DG, a similar defect in the stem cell pool and proliferating cells was observed and persisted in the stem cell population. Finally, we demonstrated that cranial irradiation resulted in late cognitive deficits. This study demonstrates that juvenile cranial irradiation leads to regionally distinct defects in the stem and progenitor populations, and late cognitive deficits, which may be important factors in determining therapeutic targets and timing of interventions following cranial irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Ruddy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Derkach
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Parvati Dadwal
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (KITE), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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39
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Functions of subventricular zone neural precursor cells in stroke recovery. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112209. [PMID: 31493429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and ectopic migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in response to ischemic brain injury was first reported two decades ago. Since then, studies of brain injury-induced subventricular zone cytogenesis, primarily in rodent models, have provided insight into the cellular and molecular determinants of this phenomenon and its modulation by various factors. However, despite considerable correlational evidence-and some direct evidence-to support contributions of NPCs to behavioral recovery after stroke, the causal mechanisms have not been identified. Here we discuss the subventricular zone cytogenic response and its possible roles in brain injury and disease, focusing on rodent models of stroke. Emerging evidence suggests that NPCs can modulate harmful responses and enhance reparative responses to neurologic diseases. We speculatively identify four broad functions of NPCs in the context of stroke: cell replacement, cytoprotection, remodeling of residual tissue, and immunomodulation. Thus, NPCs may have pleiotropic functions in supporting behavioral recovery after stroke.
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40
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Plazaola-Sasieta H, Zhu Q, Gaitán-Peñas H, Rios M, Estévez R, Morey M. Drosophila ClC-a is required in glia of the stem cell niche for proper neurogenesis and wiring of neural circuits. Glia 2019; 67:2374-2398. [PMID: 31479171 PMCID: PMC6851788 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells form part of the neural stem cell niche and express a wide variety of ion channels; however, the contribution of these channels to nervous system development is poorly understood. We explored the function of the Drosophila ClC‐a chloride channel, since its mammalian ortholog CLCN2 is expressed in glial cells, and defective channel function results in leukodystrophies, which in humans are accompanied by cognitive impairment. We found that ClC‐a was expressed in the niche in cortex glia, which are closely associated with neurogenic tissues. Characterization of loss‐of‐function ClC‐a mutants revealed that these animals had smaller brains and widespread wiring defects. We showed that ClC‐a is required in cortex glia for neurogenesis in neuroepithelia and neuroblasts, and identified defects in a neuroblast lineage that generates guidepost glial cells essential for photoreceptor axon guidance. We propose that glia‐mediated ionic homeostasis could nonautonomously affect neurogenesis, and consequently, the correct assembly of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Plazaola-Sasieta
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qi Zhu
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Gaitán-Peñas
- Departament de Ciencies Fisiològiques, Genes, Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Rios
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Estévez
- Departament de Ciencies Fisiològiques, Genes, Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL-Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morey
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Programa de Biologia Integrativa, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Ruddy RM, Adams KV, Morshead CM. Age- and sex-dependent effects of metformin on neural precursor cells and cognitive recovery in a model of neonatal stroke. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1912. [PMID: 31535024 PMCID: PMC6739114 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Resident neural stem and progenitor cells, collectively termed neural precursor cells (NPCs), reside in a well-defined neurogenic niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and contribute to ongoing postnatal neurogenesis. It is well established that the NPC niche can alter the behavior of NPCs. NPC activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain repair. The drug metformin has been shown to activate neural stem cells, promote differentiation, and lead to functional motor recovery in a neonatal stroke model. We demonstrate that metformin-induced NPC expansion and functional recovery is sex hormone dependent. Metformin increases the size of the NPC pool in adult females, but not males, and promotes cognitive recovery in a model of brain injury in females, but not males. Our data demonstrate that metformin has age- and sex-dependent effects on NPCs that correlate with functional recovery, which has important implications for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Ruddy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelsey V. Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Exogenous Neural Precursor Cell Transplantation Results in Structural and Functional Recovery in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Hemiplegic Mouse Model. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0369-18. [PMID: 30713997 PMCID: PMC6354788 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0369-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder, frequently resulting in motor and developmental deficits and often accompanied by cognitive impairments. A regular pathobiological hallmark of CP is oligodendrocyte maturation impairment resulting in white matter (WM) injury and reduced axonal myelination. Regeneration therapies based on cell replacement are currently limited, but neural precursor cells (NPCs), as cellular support for myelination, represent a promising regeneration strategy to treat CP, although the transplantation parameters (e.g., timing, dosage, mechanism) remain to be determined. We optimized a hemiplegic mouse model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia that mirrors the pathobiological hallmarks of CP and transplanted NPCs into the corpus callosum (CC), a major white matter structure impacted in CP patients. The NPCs survived, engrafted, and differentiated morphologically in male and female mice. Histology and MRI showed repair of lesioned structures. Furthermore, electrophysiology revealed functional myelination of the CC (e.g., restoration of conduction velocity), while cylinder and CatWalk tests demonstrated motor recovery of the affected forelimb. Endogenous oligodendrocytes, recruited in the CC following transplantation of exogenous NPCs, are the principal actors in this recovery process. The lack of differentiation of the transplanted NPCs is consistent with enhanced recovery due to an indirect mechanism, such as a trophic and/or “bio-bridge” support mediated by endogenous oligodendrocytes. Our work establishes that transplantation of NPCs represents a viable therapeutic strategy for CP treatment, and that the enhanced recovery is mediated by endogenous oligodendrocytes. This will further our understanding and contribute to the improvement of cellular therapeutic strategies.
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Sanchez-Rojas L, Gómez-Pinedo U, Benito-Martin MS, León-Espinosa G, Rascón-Ramirez F, Lendinez C, Martínez-Ramos C, Matías-Guiu J, Pradas MM, Barcia JA. Biohybrids of scaffolding hyaluronic acid biomaterials plus adipose stem cells home local neural stem and endothelial cells: Implications for reconstruction of brain lesions after stroke. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1598-1606. [PMID: 30307108 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous neurogenesis in stroke is insufficient to replace the lost brain tissue, largely due to the lack of a proper biological structure to let new cells dwell in the damaged area. We hypothesized that scaffolds made of hyaluronic acid (HA) biomaterials (BM) could provide a suitable environment to home not only new neurons, but also vessels, glia and neurofilaments. Further, the addition of exogenous cells, such as adipose stem cells (ASC) could increase this effect. Athymic mice were randomly assigned to a one of four group: stroke alone, stroke and implantation of BM, stroke and implantation of BM with ASC, and sham operated animals. Stroke model consisted of middle cerebral artery thrombosis with FeCl3 . After 30 days, animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were sacrificed. Proliferation and neurogenesis increased at the subventricular zone ipsilateral to the ventricle and neuroblasts, glial, and endothelial cells forming capillaries were seen inside the BM. Those effects increased when ASC were added, while there was less inflammatory reaction. Three-dimensional scaffolds made of HA are able to home newly formed neurons, glia, and endothelial cells permitting the growth neurofilaments inside them. The addition of ASC increase these effects and decrease the inflammatory reaction to the implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1598-1606, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Sanchez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soledad Benito-Martin
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo León-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, CSIC; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rascón-Ramirez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lendinez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, C. de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Monleón Pradas
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, C. de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan A Barcia
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Lumelsky N, O'Hayre M, Chander P, Shum L, Somerman MJ. Autotherapies: Enhancing Endogenous Healing and Regeneration. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:919-930. [PMID: 30213702 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The promise of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to reduce the burden of disease and improve quality of life are widely acknowledged. Traditional tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches rely on generation of tissue constructs in vitro for subsequent transplantation or injection of exogenously manipulated cells into a host. While promising, few such therapies have succeeded in clinical practice. Here, we propose that recent advances in stem cell and developmental biology, immunology, bioengineering, and material sciences, position us to develop a new generation of in vivo regenerative medicine therapies, which we term autotherapies. Autotherapies are strategies based on optimizing endogenous tissue responses and capitalizing on manipulation of stem cell niches and endogenous tissue microenvironments to enhance tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Lumelsky
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA.
| | - Morgan O'Hayre
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Preethi Chander
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Lillian Shum
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-4878, USA
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Youssef M, Krish VS, Kirshenbaum GS, Atsak P, Lass TJ, Lieberman SR, Leonardo ED, Dranovsky A. Ablation of proliferating neural stem cells during early life is sufficient to reduce adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2018; 28:586-601. [PMID: 29742815 PMCID: PMC6167166 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures during early life, but not during adolescence or adulthood, lead to persistent reductions in neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The mechanisms by which early life exposures lead to long-term deficits in neurogenesis remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether targeted ablation of dividing neural stem cells during early life is sufficient to produce long-term decreases in DG neurogenesis. Having previously found that the stem cell lineage is resistant to long-term effects of transient ablation of dividing stem cells during adolescence or adulthood (Kirshenbaum, Lieberman, Briner, Leonardo, & Dranovsky, ), we used a similar pharmacogenetic approach to target dividing neural stem cells for elimination during early life periods sensitive to environmental insults. We then assessed the Nestin stem cell lineage in adulthood. We found that the adult neural stem cell reservoir was depleted following ablation during the first postnatal week, when stem cells were highly proliferative, but not during the third postnatal week, when stem cells were more quiescent. Remarkably, ablating proliferating stem cells during either the first or third postnatal week led to reduced adult neurogenesis out of proportion to the changes in the stem cell pool, indicating a disruption of the stem cell function or niche following stem cell ablation in early life. These results highlight the first three postnatal weeks as a series of sensitive periods during which elimination of dividing stem cells leads to lasting alterations in adult DG neurogenesis and stem cell function. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between DG development and adult neurogenesis, as well as suggest a possible mechanism by which early life experiences may lead to lasting deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Varsha S. Krish
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Greer S. Kirshenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piray Atsak
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara J. Lass
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophie R. Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - E. David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Sandvig I, Augestad IL, Håberg AK, Sandvig A. Neuroplasticity in stroke recovery. The role of microglia in engaging and modifying synapses and networks. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1414-1428. [PMID: 29786167 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity after ischaemic injury involves both spontaneous rewiring of neural networks and circuits as well as functional responses in neurogenic niches. These events involve complex interactions with activated microglia, which evolve in a dynamic manner over time. Although the exact mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood, increasing experimental evidence suggests a determining role of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglial activation profiles in shaping both synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. While the inflammatory response of microglia was thought to be detrimental, a more complex profile of the role of microglia in tissue remodelling is emerging. Experimental evidence suggests that microglia in response to injury can rapidly modify neuronal activity and modulate synaptic function, as well as be beneficial for the proliferation and integration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from endogenous neurogenic niches into functional networks thereby supporting stroke recovery. The manner in which microglia contribute towards sculpting neural synapses and networks, both in terms of activity-dependent and homeostatic plasticity, suggests that microglia-mediated pro- and/or anti-inflammatory activity may significantly contribute towards spontaneous neuronal plasticity after ischaemic lesions. In this review, we first introduce some of the key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity in stroke and then proceed to discuss the crosstalk between microglia and endogenous neuroplasticity in response to brain ischaemia with special focus on the engagement of synapses and neural networks and their implications for grey matter integrity and function in stroke repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sandvig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Lovise Augestad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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GRP78 Promotes Neural Stem Cell Antiapoptosis and Survival in Response to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD)/Reoxygenation through PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and NF- κB/p65 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3541807. [PMID: 29849883 PMCID: PMC5914129 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3541807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
When brain injury happens, endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) are attacked by ischemia/reperfusion to undergo cellular apoptosis and death before being induced to migrate to the lesion point and differentiate into mature neural cells for damaged cell replacement. Although promoting antiapoptosis and NSC survival are critical to neuroregeneration, the mechanism has yet been elucidated clearly. Here in this study, we established an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation model on NSCs and detected glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) involved in apoptosis, while in the absence of GRP78 by siRNA transfection, OGD/reoxygenation triggered PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and NF-κB/p65 activation, and induced NSC apoptosis was attenuated. Further investigation, respectively, with the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt or ERK1/2 demonstrated a blockage on GRP78 upregulation, while the inhibition of NF-κB rarely affected GRP78 induction by OGD/reoxygenation. The results indicated the bidirectional regulations of GRP78-PI3K/Akt and GRP78-ERK1/2 and the one-way signalling transduction through GRP78 to NF-κB/p65 on NSC survival from OGD/reoxygenation. In conclusion, we found that GRP78 mediated the signalling cross talk through PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and NF-κB/p65, which leads to antiapoptosis and NSC survival from ischemic stroke. Our finding gives a new evidence of GRP78 in NSCs as well as a new piece of signalling mechanism elucidation to NSC survival from ischemic stroke.
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Overexpression of FOXQ1 enhances anti-senescence and migration effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:379-393. [PMID: 29500491 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unique precursor cells characterized by active self-renewal and differentiation potential. These cells offer the advantages of ease of isolation and limited ethical issues as a resource and represent a promising cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, replicative senescence during cell culture as well as low efficiency of cell migration and differentiation after transplantation are major obstacles. In our previous study, we found that FOXQ1 binds directly to the SIRT1 promoter to regulate cellular senescence and also promotes cell proliferation and migration in many tumor cell lines. Currently, little is known about the effects of FOXQ1 on normal somatic cells. Therefore, we examine the effects of FOXQ1 on senescence and migration of MSCs. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of FOXQ1 in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and viability. Furthermore, the expression of proteins and markers positively associated with senescence (p16, p21, p53) was reduced, whereas expression of proteins negatively associated with senescence (SIRT1, PCNA) was promoted. Following transplantation of hUC-MSCs overexpressing FOXQ1 in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (APPV717I transgenic mice) resulted in amelioration of the effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cognitive function and pathological senescence accompanied the increased numbers of hUC-MSCs in the AD brain. In conclusion, FOXQ1 overexpression promotes anti-senescence and migration of hUC-MSCs in vitro and in vivo. These findings also suggest that this strategy may contribute to optimization of the efficiency of stem cell therapy.
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Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29507774 PMCID: PMC5824955 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating regeneration of complex tissues and organs after injury to effect complete structural and functional repair, is an attractive therapeutic option that would revolutionize clinical medicine. Compared to many metazoan phyla that show extraordinary regenerative capacity, which in some instances persists throughout life, regeneration in mammalians, particularly humans, is limited or absent. Here we consider recent insights in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of regeneration that have come from studies of tissue homeostasis and injury repair in mammalian tissues that span the spectrum from little or no self-renewal, to those showing active cell turnover throughout life. These studies highlight the diversity of factors that constrain regeneration, including immune responses, extracellular matrix composition, age, injury type, physiological adaptation, and angiogenic and neurogenic capacity. Despite these constraints, much progress has been made in elucidating key molecular mechanisms that may provide therapeutic targets for the development of future regenerative therapies, as well as previously unidentified developmental paradigms and windows-of-opportunity for improved regenerative repair.
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