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Ma Y, Qiao Y, Gao X. Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2144-2156. [PMID: 38488549 PMCID: PMC11034606 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Kim S, Yang S, Kim J, Chung KW, Jung YS, Chung HY, Lee J. Glucocorticoid Receptor Down-Regulation Affects Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3198-3211. [PMID: 37979034 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and abnormalities in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been linked to major depressive disorder. Given the critical role of GR in stress response regulation, we investigated the impact of GR changes on neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. Stress response was induced using dexamethasone (DEX), a GR agonist, which led to reduced proliferation of neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, as well as decreased expression of GR. Additionally, a reduction of serum concentration within the culture media resulted in suppressed cell proliferation, accompanied by decreased GR expression. The association between GR expression and cell proliferation was further confirmed through GR siRNA knockdown and overexpression experiments. Furthermore, in vivo studies utilizing young male C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that corticosterone (CORT) (35 μg/ml) administered through drinking water for four weeks induced depression-like behavior, as indicated by increased immobility times in forced swimming and tail suspension tests. CORT exposure led to reduced GR and nestin expression levels, along with diminished numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampi, indicating impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that stress-induced downregulation of GR negatively affects neurogenesis by inhibiting NSCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Fakih N, Fakhoury M. Alzheimer Disease-Link With Major Depressive Disorder and Efficacy of Antidepressants in Modifying its Trajectory. J Psychiatr Pract 2024; 30:181-191. [PMID: 38819242 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide, with no effective cure. The main symptoms include learning and memory loss, and the inability to carry out the simplest tasks, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Over the past few years, tremendous progress has been made in research demonstrating a link between AD and major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence suggests that MDD is commonly associated with AD and that it can serve as a precipitating factor for this disease. Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which are the first line of treatment for MDD, have shown great promise in the treatment of depression in AD, although their effectiveness remains controversial. The goal of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association between AD, MDD, and antidepressant treatment. It first provides an overview of the interaction between AD and MDD at the level of genes, brain regions, neurotransmitter systems, and neuroinflammatory markers. The review then presents current evidence regarding the effectiveness of various antidepressants for AD-related pathophysiology and then finally discusses current limitations, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fakih
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tiliwaerde M, Gao N, Yang Y, Jin Z. A novel NMDA receptor modulator: the antidepressant effect and mechanism of GW043. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14598. [PMID: 38332552 PMCID: PMC10853642 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) has been proven to be strongly correlated with rapid antidepressant effects. Here, GW043, as a new compound targeting NMDAR, we explored its antidepressant effects and its mechanism of action. METHODS Our study utilized electrophysiological techniques to confirm the effect of GW043 on NMDAR currents. Additionally, we assessed the selectivity of GW043 through high-throughput receptor-ligand binding experiments. The antidepressant properties of GW043 were examined using rodent behavioral models including the Forced Swim Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS). Mechanistic insight into GW043's onset was gained through western blot analysis, BrdU staining, Golgi staining, and electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS Electrophysiological studies indicated that GW043 acts as a partial agonist of NMDAR. Behavioral experiments confirmed the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodents. Mechanistic investigations revealed that GW043 modulates synaptic plasticity through the LTP and BDNF-mTOR pathways, consequently leading to an increase in the number of newborn neurons and subsequent antidepressant effects. CONCLUSION Our findings disclose that GW043, as a partial agonist of NMDAR, can reverse depression-like behaviors in rats by modulating synaptic plasticity, indicating its potential as an antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murezati Tiliwaerde
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Nana Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan HospitalCaptial Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zengliang Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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5
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Liu K, Qu Y, Li B, Zeng N, Yao G, Wu X, Xu H, Yan C, Wu L. GRP94 in cerebrospinal fluid may contribute to a potential biomarker of depression: Based on proteomics. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:328-340. [PMID: 38081093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate potential biomarkers of depression and targets of antidepressants from the perspective of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics. Firstly, a six-week depression model was established and treated with fluoxetine (FLX). We found antidepressant-FLX could ameliorate depression-like behaviors and cognition in depressed rats caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). FLX significantly increased neuronal numbers in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 regions of hippocampus. CSF proteome data revealed thirty-seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) co-regulated by CUMS and FLX, including GRP94 and EIF2α. Results of Gene Oncology (GO) annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment for DEPs mainly included PERK-mediated unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum, and translational initiation. The expression levels of GRP94, p-PERK, p-EIF2α, CHOP and Caspase-12 were increased in hippocampus of CUMS rats, and FLX worked the opposite way. FLX had strong affinity and binding activity with GRP94 protein, and four key proteins on the PERK pathway (PERK, EIF2α, p-EIF2α, CHOP). We proposed that FLX may exert antidepressant effects and neuroprotective action by alleviating excessive activation of the hippocampal PERK pathway and reducing neuronal deficits in depressed rats. PERK, EIF2α, p-EIF2α, and CHOP may be potential targets for antidepressant-FLX. GRP94 in CSF may be a potential biomarker of depression and the therapeutic effects of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Liu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ningxi Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Gaolei Yao
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Can Yan
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lili Wu
- Integrative Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Alruwaili NS, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Ragab AE, Alenazi AA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Antidepressants and type 2 diabetes: highways to knowns and unknowns. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:179. [PMID: 37653558 PMCID: PMC10470155 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease caused by the development of insulin resistance (IR), relative insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia-induced neurochemical dysregulation activates the progression of depression in T2D patients. Therefore, management of depression by antidepressant agents improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, prolong use of antidepressant drugs may increase the risk for the development of T2D. However, there is strong controversy concerning the use of antidepressant drugs in T2D. Therefore, this review try to elucidate the potential effects of antidepressant drugs in T2D regarding their detrimental and beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahi Sabih Alruwaili
- Eradah Complex of Mental Health -Northern Border Region, Ministry of Health, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, 42283, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
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7
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Wu B, Gan A, Wang R, Lin F, Yan T, Jia Y. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. volatile oil ameliorates depressive behaviors and inhibits neuroinflammation in CUMS-exposed mice by inhibiting the TLR4-medicated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 130:102270. [PMID: 37001682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. volatile oil (AOVO) in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). C57BL/6 mice were grouped and administered with different dosages of AOVO (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, or 2.00 mL/kg body weight, i.g.), TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor, 0.75 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), or TAK242 (0.75 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) + AOVO (0.50 mL/kg body weight, i.g.) for 21 days. Depression-like symptoms in the mice were then evaluated through their body weight gain (BW), the open field test (OFT), the sucrose preference test (SPT), the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and forced swimming test (FST). The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and 5-hydroxytyrptamine (5-HT) in the mice were determined using ELISA kits. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) dying were performed for histopathological examination. The expression of inflammatory proteins was assessed through western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. AOVO was found to improve the behavioral indexes of CUMS-exposed mice behavioral and synergize TAK242 to mitigate both their depressive symptoms and neuroinflammation. Moreover, AOVO was found to inhibit the hippocampal damage, decrease inflammatory cytokines (Reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by 19.97 %, 22.87 %, and 24.13 %, respectively), and downregulate the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed mice (Reduced TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB by 46.14 %, 42.48 %, and 38.08 %, respectively). These findings demonstrate that AOVO can ameliorate depressive behaviors and mitigate neuroinflammation in the CUMS-exposed mice via suppressing the TLR4-medicated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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8
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Li W, Ji R, Lin Y, Cheng X, Tang Z, He H, Zhang L, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G, Zhang X. miR-6216 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation by Targeting RAB6B. Neurosci Res 2023:S0168-0102(23)00073-1. [PMID: 37059126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a class of self-renewing, multipotent and undifferentiated progenitor cells that retain the capacity to both glial and neuronal lineages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in stem cell fate determination and self-renewal. Our previous RNA-seq data indicated that the expression of miR-6216 was decreased in denervated hippocampal exosomes compared with normal. However, whether miR-6216 participates in regulating NSC function remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-6216 negatively regulates RAB6B expression. Forced overexpression of miR-6216 inhibited NSC proliferation, and overexpression of RAB6B promoted NSC proliferation. These findings suggest that miR-6216 played an important role in regulating NSC proliferation via targeting RAB6B, and improve the understanding of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network that affects NSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruijie Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yujian Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zixin Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, No.19 Qixiu Road, No.3 Building of Qixiu Campus, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.
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9
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Barrutieta-Arberas I, Ortuzar N, Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Picó-Gallardo M, Bengoetxea H, Guevara MA, Gargiulo PA, Lafuente JV. The role of ketamine in major depressive disorders: Effects on parvalbumin-positive interneurons in hippocampus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:588-595. [PMID: 37158084 PMCID: PMC10350797 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231170007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness that is arising as a growing public health concern. Although several brain areas are related to this type of disorders, at the cellular level, the parvalbumin-positive cells of the hippocampus interplay a very relevant role. They control pyramidal cell bursts, neuronal networks, basic microcircuit functions, and other complex neuronal tasks involved in mood disorders. In resistant depressions, the efficacy of current antidepressant treatments drops dramatically, so the new rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs) are being postulated as novel treatments. Ketamine at subanesthetic doses and its derivative metabolites have been proposed as RAADs due to their rapid and sustained action by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which in turn lead to the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This mechanism produces a rapid plasticity activation mediated by neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse recovery, and increased dendritic spines and therefore, it is a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognitive symptoms in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barrutieta-Arberas
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - N Ortuzar
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - A Vaquero-Rodríguez
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - M Picó-Gallardo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - H Bengoetxea
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - MA Guevara
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - PA Gargiulo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, Area of Pharmacology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National University of Cuyo, 5502 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - JV Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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10
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Srifuengfung M, Srifuengfung S, Pummangura C, Pattanaseri K, Oon-Arom A, Srisurapanont M. Efficacy and acceptability of vitamin D supplements for depressed patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2023; 108:111968. [PMID: 36716601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D and placebo in reducing depressive symptoms and contributing to all-cause dropout rates. METHODS Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing reduced depression between depressed patients receiving vitamin D and those receiving placebo. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through January 2022. RESULTS Eighteen trials (1980 participants, median age 39 y) were included in the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplements were significantly superior to placebo in reducing depression (standardized mean difference = -0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.75 to -0.23; I2 = 81%). Depressed adults (standardized mean difference = -0.70; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.31) responded to vitamin D significantly better than children and adolescents (standardized mean difference = 0.10; 95% CI -0.27 to 0.47). Vitamin D administered as bolus doses (oral intermittent high doses or intramuscular single high dose) appeared to be more effective than that taken daily by the oral route (P < 0.01). Patients with more severe depression tended to respond better than those with less severity (P = 0.053). We found no moderating effect of concurrent antidepressant use, presence of major depressive disorder diagnosis, physical comorbidity, sex, duration and doses of vitamin D supplement, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline, and changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the vitamin D group. Dropout rates were indifferent between the groups (17 trials; risk ratio = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.6-1.16; I2 = 0). CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous data suggested that vitamin D supplements are effective and safe for depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maytinee Srifuengfung
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Keerati Pattanaseri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awirut Oon-Arom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manit Srisurapanont
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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11
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Vasiliu O. Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Toludesvenlafaxine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder-A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:411. [PMID: 36986510 PMCID: PMC10051807 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimated rate of treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) remains higher than 30%, even after the discovery of multiple classes of antidepressants in the last 7 decades. Toludesvenlafaxine (ansofaxine, LY03005, or LPM570065) is a first-in-class triple monoaminergic reuptake inhibitor (TRI) that has reached clinical use. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize clinical and preclinical evidence about the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of toludesvenlafaxine. Based on the results of 17 reports retrieved in the literature, the safety and tolerability profiles of toludesvenlafaxine were good in all clinical trials, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were well described in the phase 1 trials. The efficacy of toludesvenlafaxine was demonstrated in one phase 2 and one phase 3 trial, both on primary and secondary outcomes. In conclusion, this review highlights the favorable clinical results of toludesvenlafaxine in only two short-term trials that enrolled patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (efficacy and tolerability were good for up to eight weeks), indicating the need for more good quality, larger-sample, and longer-term trials. Exploring new antidepressants, such as TRI, can be considered a priority for clinical research due to the high rates of TRD, but also due to the significant percentages of relapse in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Vasiliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Reorganization of Brain Networks as a Substrate of Resilience: An Analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 516:75-90. [PMID: 36805003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model has been used to induce depressive-like symptoms in animal models, showing adequate predictive validity. Our work aims to evaluate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on resilience in this experimental model of depression. We also aim to assess changes in brain connectivity using cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry in cerebral regions related to cognitive-affective processes associated with depressive disorder: dorsal hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, accumbens, and habenula nuclei. Five groups of rats were used: UCMS, EE, EE + UCMS (enrichment + stress), BG (basal level of brain activity), and CONT (behavioral tests only). We assessed the hedonic responses elicited by sucrose solution using a consumption test; the anxiety level was evaluated using the elevated zero maze test, and the unconditioned fear responses were assessed by the cat odor test. The behavioral results showed that the UCMS protocol induces elevated anhedonia and anxiety. But these responses are attenuated previous exposure to EE. Regarding brain activity, the UCMS group showed greater activity in the habenula compared to the EE + UCMS group. EE induced a functional reorganization of brain activity. The EE + UCMS and UCMS groups showed different patterns of connections between brain regions. Our results showed that EE favors greater resilience and could reduce vulnerability to disorders such as depression and anxiety, modifying metabolic brain activity.
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13
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Kim IB, Park SC, Kim YK. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Major Depression: A New Therapeutic Approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:209-224. [PMID: 36949312 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is impacted by the disruption of gut microbiota. Defects in gut microbiota can lead to microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction and increased vulnerability to major depression. While traditional chemotherapeutic approaches, such as antidepressant use, produce an overall partial therapeutic effect on depression, the gut microbiome has emerged as an effective target for better therapeutic outcomes. Recent representative studies on the microbiota hypothesis to explore the association between gut pathophysiology and major depression have indicated that restoring gut microbiota and microbiota-gut-brain axis could alleviate depression. We reviewed studies that supported the gut microbiota hypothesis to better understand the pathophysiology of depression; we also explored reports suggesting that gut microbiota restoration is an effective approach for improving depression. These findings indicate that gut microbiota and microbiota-gut-brain axis are appropriate new therapeutic targets for major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Anderson G. Depression Pathophysiology: Astrocyte Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway as Crucial Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010350. [PMID: 36613794 PMCID: PMC9820523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely accepted as having a heterogenous pathophysiology involving a complex mixture of systemic and CNS processes. A developmental etiology coupled to genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as lifestyle and social process influences add further to the complexity. Consequently, antidepressant treatment is generally regarded as open to improvement, undoubtedly as a consequence of inappropriately targeted pathophysiological processes. This article reviews the diverse array of pathophysiological processes linked to MDD, and integrates these within a perspective that emphasizes alterations in mitochondrial function, both centrally and systemically. It is proposed that the long-standing association of MDD with suppressed serotonin availability is reflective of the role of serotonin as a precursor for the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. Astrocytes, and the astrocyte mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, are highlighted as crucial hubs in the integration of the wide array of biological underpinnings of MDD, including gut dysbiosis and permeability, as well as developmental and social stressors, which can act to suppress the capacity of mitochondria to upregulate the melatonergic pathway, with consequences for oxidant-induced changes in patterned microRNAs and subsequent patterned gene responses. This is placed within a development context, including how social processes, such as discrimination, can physiologically regulate a susceptibility to MDD. Future research directions and treatment implications are derived from this.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PX, UK
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15
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Muscone with Attenuation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mouse Model of Chronic Restraint Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3322535. [PMID: 36211814 PMCID: PMC9546698 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3322535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder with high morbidity. Stress negatively affects for MDD development, whereby transport of stress-induced inflammatory mediators to the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with the etiology of mood disorders. Muscone is a pharmacologically active ingredient isolated from musk, with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We hypothesized that muscone may ameliorate depression-like behavior by regulating inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, we used the chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model, and CRS mice were treated with muscone (10 mg/kg, i.g., respectively) for 14 days. The effects of the drug on depressive-like behaviors were evaluated via the open field test (OFT), novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST). Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to assess levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, COX2, and IL-1) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). We also determined levels of oxidative stress factors (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), as well as doublecortin (DCX) expression by immunofluorescence. The results showed that depression-like behavior and inflammatory levels were improved after muscone treatment. Muscone also significantly improved neurogenesis in the CRS mouse hippocampus and decreased oxidative stress in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In conclusion, this work is the first to demonstrate that muscone has an antidepressant effect using a CRS model. Oxidative stress, neurogenesis, and inflammatory pathways are key factors affected by the drug and may represent new therapeutic targets to treat MDD, in this impact. These results may represent a new therapeutic target for MDD.
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16
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The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081929. [PMID: 36009476 PMCID: PMC9405608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A narrative review about the relationship between stress, inflammation, and depression is made as follows: Chronic stress leads to various stress-related diseases such as depression. Although most human diseases are related to stress exposure, the common pathways between stress and pathophysiological processes of different disorders are still debatable. Chronic inflammation is a crucial component of chronic diseases, including depression. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, substantially contributes to the behavioral alterations associated with depression. Evidence suggests that inflammation plays a key role in the pathology of stress-related diseases; however, this link has not yet been completely explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of inflammation in stress-induced diseases and whether a common pathway for depression exists. Recent studies support pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches significantly associated with ameliorating depression-related inflammation. In addition, major depression can be associated with an activated immune system, whereas antidepressants can exert immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, non-pharmacological treatments for major depression (i.e., exercise) may be mediated by anti-inflammatory actions. This narrative review highlights the mechanisms underlying inflammation and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of stress-related diseases, particularly depression.
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17
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A Machine-Learning-Algorithm-Based Prediction Model for Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Disorder. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081218. [PMID: 35893312 PMCID: PMC9394314 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms are rarely concurrent with the clinical manifestations of depression. Additionally, whether psychotic major depression is a subtype of major depression or a clinical syndrome distinct from non-psychotic major depression remains controversial. Using data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants, we developed a machine-learning-algorithm-based prediction model for concurrent psychotic symptoms in patients with depressive disorders. The advantages of machine learning algorithms include the easy identification of trends and patterns, handling of multi-dimensional and multi-faceted data, and wide application. Among 1171 patients with depressive disorders, those with psychotic symptoms were characterized by significantly higher rates of depressed mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, reduced energy and diminished activity, reduced self-esteem and self-confidence, ideas of guilt and unworthiness, psychomotor agitation or retardation, disturbed sleep, diminished appetite, and greater proportions of moderate and severe degrees of depression compared to patients without psychotic symptoms. The area under the curve was 0.823. The overall accuracy was 0.931 (95% confidence interval: 0.897–0.956). Severe depression (degree of depression) was the most important variable in the prediction model, followed by diminished appetite, subthreshold (degree of depression), ideas or acts of self-harm or suicide, outpatient status, age, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and others. In conclusion, the machine-learning-based model predicted concurrent psychotic symptoms in patients with major depression in connection with the “severity psychosis” hypothesis.
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18
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Zhu WQ, Wu HY, Sun ZH, Guo Y, Ge TT, Li BJ, Li X, Cui RJ. Current Evidence and Future Directions of Berberine Intervention in Depression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:824420. [PMID: 35677435 PMCID: PMC9168319 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A major type of serious mood disorder, depression is currently a widespread and easily overlooked psychological illness. With the low side effects of natural products in the treatment of diseases becoming the pursuit of new antidepressants, natural Chinese medicine products have been paid more and more attention for their unique efficacy in improving depression. In a view from the current study, the positive antidepressant effects of berberine are encouraging. There is a lot of work that needs to be done to accurately elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of berberine in depression. In this review, the relevant literature reports on the treatment of depression and anxiety by berberine are updated, and the potential pharmacological mechanism of berberine in relieving depression has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eastern Division of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tong-Tong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing-Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Ran-Ji Cui,
| | - Ran-Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Ran-Ji Cui,
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19
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Chai Y, Cai Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Miao M, Yan T. Salidroside Ameliorates Depression by Suppressing NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis via P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:812362. [PMID: 35496273 PMCID: PMC9039222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.812362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious mental disorder. Data on its pathogenesis remain unclear and the options of drug treatments are limited. Here, we explored the role of pyroptosis, a novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death process, in depression as well as the anti-depression effects and mechanisms of salidroside (Sal), a bioactive extract from Rhodiola rosea L. We established a corticosterone (CORT)-induced or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice in vivo, and CORT, or nigericin (NLRP3 agonist)-induced PC12 cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that Sal profoundly mediated CORT or LPS-induced depressive behavior and improved synaptic plasticity by upregulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. The data showed upregulation of proteins associated with NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, including NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and cleaved GSDMD. The molecular docking simulation predicted that Sal would interact with P2X7 of the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In addition, our findings showed that the NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis was regulated by P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Interestingly, Sal was shown to ameliorate depression via suppression of the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis, and rescued nigericin-induced pyroptosis in the PC12 cells. Besides, knock down of the NLRP3 gene by siRNA markedly increased the inhibitory effects of Sal on pyroptosis and proinflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in depression, and Sal ameliorates depression by suppressing the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Thus, our study provides new insights into the potential treatment options for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
| | - Mingxing Miao
- Center of National Pharmaceutical Experimental Teaching Demonstration, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
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20
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Wang P, Guo P, Wang Y, Teng X, Zhang H, Sun L, Xue M, Liang H. Propolis Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Depressive Symptoms in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function and Inflammatory Reaction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061213. [PMID: 35334870 PMCID: PMC8950298 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to a critical role of the brain gut axis as an important paradigm for many central nervous system diseases. Recent studies suggest that propolis has obvious neuroprotective properties and functionality in regulating intestinal bacteria flora, hinting at a potential key effect at both terminals of this axis regulation. However, currently no clear evidence confirms the effects of propolis on alcohol-induced depression. Here, we establish an alcoholic depression model with C57BL/6J mice and demonstrate that treatment with propolis protects against alcohol-induced depressive symptoms by behavioral tests. In addition, propolis attenuates the injury of nerve cells in the hippocampal region and restores the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) in mice with alcohol-induced depression. Pathology and biotin tracer assays show that propolis repairs the intestinal leakage caused by alcohol. Additionally, propolis treatment increases the expression levels of intestinal intercellular tight junctions’ (TJs’) structural proteins Claudin-1, Occludin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), as well as the activation state of the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signaling pathway, which is closely related to the intestinal permeability. Furthermore, propolis can reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), suggesting the significance of the inflammatory response in alcoholic depression. Collectively, our findings indicate that propolis exerted an improving effect on alcohol-induced depressive symptoms by ameliorating brain gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Peiyu Guo
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanhui Wang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Lirui Sun
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-83812434
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21
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Zhang C, Zhu L, Lu S, Li M, Bai M, Li Y, Xu E. The antidepressant-like effect of formononetin on chronic corticosterone-treated mice. Brain Res 2022; 1783:147844. [PMID: 35218705 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported the neuroprotective effects of formononetin (FMN), however, whether it has antidepressant-like effects have not been reported. To evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of FMN, a mice model of depression was established by chronic corticosterone (CORT) injection. The serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal protein expression were detected by ELISA and Western blot. Nissl staining was used to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons and immunofluorescence was used to observe the neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Our results showed that FMN significantly increased the sucrose preference and shorten the immobility time in the forced swimming test in CORT-treated mice. Moreover, FMN reduced the serum corticosterone levels, upregulated the protein expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, protected against the CORT-induced neuronal impairment, and promoted the neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Taken together, the present study was the first to demonstrate the antidepressant-like effects of FMN in the CORT-induced mice model of depression, which may contribute to the discovery of a new candidate for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Shuaifei Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Ming Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Erping Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Scotton E, Antqueviezc B, Vasconcelos M, Dalpiaz G, Paul Géa L, Ferraz Goularte J, Colombo R, Ribeiro Rosa A. Is (R)-ketamine a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Treatment-Resistant Depression with Less Detrimental Side Effects? A Review of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ketamine and its Enantiomers. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114963. [PMID: 35182519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder are resistant to conventional antidepressants (i.e., monoamine-based therapies), and, even among respondents, a proper therapeutic effect may require weeks of treatment. Ketamine, a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers, (R)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine, is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist and has been shown to have rapid-acting antidepressant properties in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although (R)-ketamine has a lower affinity for NMDAR, it presents greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant properties, with no major side effects, than racemic ketamine or (S)-ketamine in preclinical findings. Thereby, ketamine and its enantiomers have not only an antagonistic effect on NMDAR but also a strong synaptogenic-modulatory effect, which is impaired in TRD pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding the modulation of neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, and neural network activity as putative mechanisms of these rapid-acting antidepressants, highlighting differences on intracellular signaling pathways of synaptic proteins such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, we discuss probable mechanisms involved in the side effects of ketamine and its enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Scotton
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Antqueviezc
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mailton Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Dalpiaz
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Paul Géa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jéferson Ferraz Goularte
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Colombo
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Rosa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Zhang S, Cui J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu R, Chen X, Feng Y, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Wang G. Functional connectivity of amygdala subregions predicts vulnerability to depression following the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:421-429. [PMID: 34606814 PMCID: PMC8558508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is vital in processing psychological stress and predicting vulnerability or resilience to stress-related disorders. This study aimed to build the link between functional magnetic resonance imaging data obtained before the stress event and the subsequent stress-related depressive symptoms. METHODS Neuroimaging data obtained before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from 39 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 61 health controls (HCs) were used in this study. The participants were divided retrospectively into four groups in accordance with the severity of depressive symptoms during the pandemic: remitted patients, non-remitted patients, depressed HCs (HCd) and non-depressed HCs (HCnd). Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses of the amygdala and its subregions, including the centromedial (CM), the basolateral and the superficial (SF), were performed. RESULTS Vulnerability to depression was suggested by decreased rsFC between the left CM amygdala and the bilateral lingual gyrus in the HCd group compared with the HCnd group, and decreased rsFC of the left CM or right SF amygdala with the precuneus and the postcentral gyrus in the HCd group compared with patients with MDD. No evidence supported the rsFC of the amygdala or its subregions as a biomarker for the resilience of patients with MDD to stress under antidepressant treatment. LIMITATIONS Smaller sample size and no longitudinal neuroimaging data. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the rsFC of amygdala subregions may represent a neurobiological marker of vulnerability to depression following stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jian Cui
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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24
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Zeng NX, Li HZ, Wang HZ, Liu KG, Gong XY, Luo WL, Yan C, Wu LL. Exploration of the mechanism by which icariin modulates hippocampal neurogenesis in a rat model of depression. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:632-642. [PMID: 34380904 PMCID: PMC8504392 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) has a significant capacity to protect against depression and hippocampal injury, but it cannot effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. Therefore, the mechanism by which ICA protects against hippocampal injury in depression remains unclear. In this study, we performed proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid to investigate the mechanism by which ICA prevents dysfunctional hippocampal neurogenesis in depression. A rat model of depression was established through exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 6 weeks, after which 120 mg/kg ICA was administered subcutaneously every day. The results showed that ICA alleviated depressive symptoms, learning and memory dysfunction, dysfunctional neurogenesis, and neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus of rats with depression. Neural stem cells from rat embryonic hippocampi were cultured in media containing 20% cerebrospinal fluid from each group of rats and then treated with 100 μM corticosterone. The addition of cerebrospinal fluid from rats treated with ICA largely prevented the corticosterone-mediated inhibition of neuronal proliferation and differentiation. Fifty-two differentially expressed proteins regulated by chronic unpredictable mild stress and ICA were identified through proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. These proteins were mainly involved in the ribosome, PI3K-Akt signaling, and interleukin-17 signaling pathways. Parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry showed that Rps4x, Rps12, Rps14, Rps19, Hsp90b1, and Hsp90aa1 were up-regulated by chronic unpredictable mild stress and down-regulated by ICA. In contrast, HtrA1 was down-regulated by chronic unpredictable mild stress and up-regulated by ICA. These findings suggest that ICA can prevent depression and dysfunctional hippocampal neurogenesis through regulating the expression of certain proteins found in the cerebrospinal fluid. The study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine of China in March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xi Zeng
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Han-Zhang Wang
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia-Yu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wu-Long Luo
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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26
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Zhang H, Xiang L, Yang L, Wu S, Liu S, Zhao J, Song D, Ma C, Ni J, Quan Z, Liang J, Qing H. WS6 Induces Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Correlation to its Antidepressant Effect on the Alleviation of Depressive-like Behaviors of Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 473:119-129. [PMID: 34455011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. However, the effective drugs for MDD have not yet been developed. WS6 is originally designed with a similar structure as Resveratrol and Pterostilbene. The present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects of WS6 treatment in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression. The results show that CUMS is effective in producing depressive-like behavior in rats as indicated by decreased responses in the locomotor activity, sucrose preference test and increased immobility time. However, WS6 treatment significantly ameliorated these behavioral alterations associated with CUMS-induced depression. Moreover, the reduction in neurogenesis, GABAergic neurons, dendrite complexity, spine density and synaptic plasticity-associate protein 95 (PSD95) by CUMS can be reversed by treatment with WS6. Taken together, this study highlights the neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of WS6 against CUMS-induced depression, and suggest a possible mechanism for this protection via changes in neurogenesis within the hippocampus. These finding reveal the therapeutic protection of WS6 for use in clinical trials in the treatment of neuronal deterioration in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Si Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Da Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Congxuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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27
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Radell ML, Hamza EA, Moustafa AA. Depression in post-traumatic stress disorder. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:703-722. [PMID: 32866132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms commonly occur after trauma-exposure, both alone and in combination with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article reviews recent research on comorbidity between these disorders, including its implications for symptom severity and response to treatment. Despite considerable symptom overlap, the two disorders represent distinct constructs and depend, at least in part, on separate biological mechanisms. Both, however, are also clearly related to stress psychopathology. We recommend that more research focus specifically on the study of individual differences in symptom expression in order to identify distinct subgroups of individuals and develop targeted treatments. However, a barrier to this line of inquiry is the trend of excluding particular patients from clinical trials of new interventions based on symptom severity or comorbidity. Another obstacle is the overreliance on self-report measures in human research. We argue that developing computer-based behavioral measures in order to supplement self-report can help address this challenge. Furthermore, we propose that these measures can help tie findings from human and non-human animal research. A number of paradigms have been used to model MDD-and PTSD-like behavior in animals. These models remain valuable for understanding the biological basis of these disorders in humans and for identifying potential interventions, but they have been underused for the study of comorbidity. Although the interpretation of animal behavior remains a concern, we propose that this can also be overcome through the development of close human analogs to animal paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen L Radell
- Department of Psychology, Niagara University, Lewiston, NY, USA
| | - Eid Abo Hamza
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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28
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Kornhuber J, Gulbins E. New Molecular Targets for Antidepressant Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:894. [PMID: 34577594 PMCID: PMC8472072 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is usually recurrent and has a high risk of suicide. This disorder manifests not only with psychological symptoms but also multiple changes throughout the body, including increased risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated. MDD is therefore best described as a multisystem whole-body disease. Pharmacological treatment with antidepressants usually requires several weeks before the desired effects manifest. Previous theories of depression, such as the monoamine or neurogenesis hypotheses, do not explain these characteristics well. In recent years, new mechanisms of action have been discovered for long-standing antidepressants that also shed new light on depression, including the sphingolipid system and the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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29
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Wang XL, Feng ST, Wang YT, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Paeoniflorin: A neuroprotective monoterpenoid glycoside with promising anti-depressive properties. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153669. [PMID: 34334273 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, as a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease, severely decreases the life quality of individuals and brings heavy burdens to the whole society. Currently, some antidepressants are applied in the treatment of severe depressive symptoms, while there are still some undesirable drawbacks. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside that was firstly extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, a traditional Chinese herb that is widely used in the Chinese herbal formulas for treating depression. PURPOSE This review summarized the previous pre-clinical studies of paeoniflorin in treating depression and further discussed the potential anti-depressive mechanisms for that paeoniflorin to be further explored and utilized in the treatment of depression clinically. METHODS Some electronic databases, e.g., PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched from inception until April 2021. RESULTS This review summarized the effective anti-depressive properties of paeoniflorin, which is related to its functions in the upregulation of the levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction, promotion of neuroprotection, promotion of hippocampus neurogenesis, and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, inhibition of inflammatory reaction, downregulation of nitric oxide level, etc. CONCLUSION: This review focused on the pre-clinical studies of paeoniflorin in depression and summarized the recent development of the anti-depressive mechanisms of paeoniflorin, which approves the role of paeoniflorin plays in anti-depression. However, more high-quality pre-clinical and clinical studies are expected to be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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30
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Low Doses of Ketamine and Melatonin in Combination Produce Additive Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179225. [PMID: 34502152 PMCID: PMC8430602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a disabling disease with the number of affected individuals increasing each year. Current antidepressant treatments take between three to six weeks to be effective with forty percent of patients being resistant to treatment, making it necessary to search for new antidepressant treatments. Ketamine, a phencyclidine hydrochloride derivative, given intravenously, induces a rapid antidepressant effect in humans. In mice, it causes increased neurogenesis and antidepressant-like effects. However, it also produces psychomimetic effects in humans and in rodents increases the locomotor activity. In contrast, melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and synthesized in extrapineal sites, increases new neuron formation and causes antidepressant-like effects in adult rodents with no collateral effects. Here, we assessed the effects of a non-effective dose of ketamine in combination with melatonin (KET/MEL), both on neurogenesis as well as on the antidepressant-like effect in mice. Our results showed that KET/MEL combination increased neurogenesis and produced antidepressant-like effects without altering locomotor activity after both single and triple administration protocols. Our data strongly suggest that KET/MEL combination could be used to simultaneously promote neurogenesis, reverting neuronal atrophy and inducing antidepressant-like effects.
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31
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Li Y, Fan C, Wang L, Lan T, Gao R, Wang W, Yu SY. MicroRNA-26a-3p rescues depression-like behaviors in male rats via preventing hippocampal neuronal anomalies. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148853. [PMID: 34228643 DOI: 10.1172/jci148853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease associated with neuronal anomalies within specific brain regions. In the present study, we screened microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and found that miR-26a-3p was markedly downregulated in a rat model of depression, whereas upregulation of miR-26a-3p within DG regions rescued the neuronal deterioration and depression-like phenotypes resulting from stress exposure, effects that appear to be mediated by the PTEN pathway. The knockdown of miR-26a-3p in DG regions of normal control rats induced depression-like behaviors, effects that were accompanied by activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and neuronal deterioration via suppression of autophagy, impairments in synaptic plasticity, and promotion of neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-26a-3p deficits within the hippocampal DG mediated the neuronal anomalies contributing to the display of depression-like behaviors. This miRNA may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Physiology and
| | | | - Liyan Wang
- Morphological Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Rui Gao
- Department of Microorganism, Jinan Nursing Vocational College, Lvyoulu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology and.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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32
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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33
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Shen J, Zhang P, Li Y, Fan C, Lan T, Wang W, Yu SY. Neuroprotective effects of microRNA-211-5p on chronic stress-induced neuronal apoptosis and depression-like behaviours. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7028-7038. [PMID: 34121317 PMCID: PMC8278121 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to numerous neurological disorders. However, whether miRNAs regulate neuronal anomalies involved in the pathogenesis of depression remain unclear. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles in the CA1 hippocampus of a rat model of depression and found that a specific miRNA, microRNA-211-5p, was significantly down-regulated in depressed rats. When miR-211-5p was up-regulated in these rats, neuronal apoptosis within the CA1 area was suppressed, effects which were accompanied with an amelioration of depression-like behaviours in these rats. These neuroprotective effects of miR-211-5p in depressed rats appear to result through suppression of the Dyrk1A/ASK1/JNK signalling pathway within the CA1 area. In further support of this proposal are the findings that knock-down of miR-211-5p within the CA1 area of normal rats activated the Dyrk1A/ASK1/JNK pathway, resulting in the promotion of neuronal apoptosis and display of depression-like behaviours in these rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that deficits in miR-211-5p contribute to neuronal apoptosis and thus depression-like behaviours in rats. Therefore, the miR-211-5p/Dyrk1A pathway may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of depression and serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ye Li
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Cuiqin Fan
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental DisordersSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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Wang G, Wang C, Chen H, Chen L, Li J. Activation of 6-8-week-old new mature adult-born dentate granule cells contributes to anxiety-like behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100358. [PMID: 34195305 PMCID: PMC8240024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-born dentate granule cells (aDGCs) at 4–6 weeks of age are particularly excitable but subsequently develop the quiet properties of mature cells. Most existing studies have focused on the hyperactivity of 4–6-week-old aDGCs or neurogenesis, which confers stress resilience or buffers stress responses. However, the function of the quiet property of new mature aDGCs remains unclear. Here we used a retrovirus expressing cre recombinase in combination with an associated-adenovirus to specifically interfere with the activity of new mature aDGCs, and estimated anxiety-like behaviors by the open-field test and elevated plus maze test, antidepressant-like behaviors by the tail suspension test, and spatial memory by the Barnes maze test. We found that sustained hyperactivity of 6–8-week-old, but not 8–10-week-old, aDGCs induced anxiety-like behaviors, and suppression of the activity of 6–8-week-old aDGCs disturbed spatial memory. Meanwhile, sustained hyperactivity of 6–8-week-old aDGCs induced activation of mature dentate gyrus (DG) neurons and inhibition of immature aDGCs. Additionally, the mice showing anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic mild immobilization stress exhibited increased activity in 6–8-week-old aDGCs. Furthermore, the sustained hyperactivity of mature DG neurons also induced anxiety-like behaviors and decreased the activity of immature aDGCs. Our results combined show that the excitation of 6–8-week-old new mature aDGCs, which prohibits them from normally entering the resting state, determines anxiety-like behavior, while the maintenance of normal excitation ability of 6–8-week-old new mature aDGCs confers memory. Our results suggests that strategies aimed at inhibiting unusual hyperactive new mature aDGCs at a restricted time window may protect against stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wang
- 502 Room, 28 Yunjing Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Kowalska M, Fijałkowski Ł, Nowaczyk A. Assessment of Paroxetine Molecular Interactions with Selected Monoamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6293. [PMID: 34208199 PMCID: PMC8230779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thus far, many hypotheses have been proposed explaining the cause of depression. Among the most popular of these are: monoamine, neurogenesis, neurobiology, inflammation and stress hypotheses. Many studies have proven that neurogenesis in the brains of adult mammals occurs throughout life. The generation of new neurons persists throughout adulthood in the mammalian brain due to the proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem cells. For this reason, the search for drugs acting in this mechanism seems to be a priority for modern pharmacotherapy. Paroxetine is one of the most commonly used antidepressants. However, the exact mechanism of its action is not fully understood. The fact that the therapeutic effect after the administration of paroxetine occurs after a few weeks, even if the levels of monoamine are rapidly increased (within a few minutes), allows us to assume a neurogenic mechanism of action. Due to the confirmed dependence of depression on serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid levels, studies have been undertaken into paroxetine interactions with these primary neurotransmitters using in silico and in vitro methods. We confirmed that paroxetine interacts most strongly with monoamine transporters and shows some interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid transporters. However, studies of the potency inhibitors and binding affinity values indicate that the neurogenic mechanism of paroxetine's action may be determined mainly by its interactions with serotonin transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.F.)
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Hippocampal miR-211-5p regulates neurogenesis and depression-like behaviors in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2021; 194:108618. [PMID: 34062164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of depression, a potentially life-threatening and disabling mental disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, the specific miRNAs and their underlying molecular mechanisms as involved in the pathogenesis and development of depression remain largely unknown. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles and found that miR-211-5p was significantly down-regulated within the dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampus in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced rat model of depression. Deficits in miR-211-5p were accompanied with reductions in neurogenesis and increased apoptosis in these CUMS rats. In contrast, an up-regulation of miR-211-5p within the DG area in CUMS rats promoted neuronal neurogenesis, reduced neuronal apoptosis via suppression of the Dyrk1A/STAT3 signaling pathway and relieved depression-like behaviors in these CUMS rats. In rats subjected to a knock-down of miR-211-5p in the DG there was an increase in neuronal apoptosis and a decrease in neuronal regeneration, effects which were accompanied with an induction of depression-like behaviors. Taken together, the results of our study reveal that altered levels of miR-211-5p in the hippocampal DG area exert a significant impact on neurogenesis, apoptosis and thus depression-like behaviors in rats. These findings suggest that the miR-211-5p/Dyrk1A pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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Langlois C, Potvin S, Khullar A, Tourjman SV. Down and High: Reflections Regarding Depression and Cannabis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:625158. [PMID: 34054594 PMCID: PMC8160288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.625158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the recent changes in the legal status of cannabis in Canada, the understanding of the potential impact of the use of cannabis by individuals suffering from depression is increasingly considered as being important. It is fundamental that we look into the existing literature to examine the influence of cannabis on psychiatric conditions, including mood disorders. In this article, we will explore the relationship that exists between depression and cannabis. We will examine the impact of cannabis on the onset and course of depression, and its treatment. We have undertaken a wide-ranging review of the literature in order to address these questions. The evidence from longitudinal studies suggest that there is a bidirectional relationship between cannabis use and depression, such that cannabis use increases the risk for depression and vice-versa. This risk is possibly higher in heavy users having initiated their consumption in early adolescence. Clinical evidence also suggests that cannabis use is associated with a worse prognosis in individuals with major depressive disorder. The link with suicide remains controversial. Moreover, there is insufficient data to determine the impact of cannabis use on cognition in individuals with major depression disorder. Preliminary evidence suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. This will need to be confirmed in future positron emission tomography studies. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the potential efficacy of motivational interviewing and/or cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of cannabis use disorder in individuals with major depressive major disorder. Finally, although there is preclinical evidence suggesting that cannabidiol has antidepressant properties, randomized controlled trials will need to properly investigate this possibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Atul Khullar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Smadar Valérie Tourjman
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Mayerl S, Ffrench-Constant C. Establishing an Adult Mouse Brain Hippocampal Organotypic Slice Culture System that Allows for Tracing and Pharmacological Manipulation of ex vivo Neurogenesis. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3869. [PMID: 33732759 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the hippocampus depends on the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which underpins the exceptional neural plasticity of this structure, and is also frequently affected in CNS pathologies. Thus, manipulation of this process represents an important therapeutic goal. To identify potential strategies, organotypic adult brain slices are emerging as a valuable tool. Over the recent years, this methodology has been refined and here we present a combined protocol that brings together these refinements to enable long-term culture of adult hippocampal slices. We employ a sectioning technique that retains essential afferent inputs onto the hippocampus as well as serum-free culture conditions, so allowing an extended culture period. To sustain the neurogenic potential in the slices, we utilize the gliogenesis-inhibitor Indomethacin. Using EdU retention analysis enables us to assess the effects of pharmacological intervention on neurogenesis. With these improvements, we have established an easy and reliable method to study the effects of small molecules/drugs on proliferation and neuron formation ex vivo which will facilitate future discovery driven drug screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mayerl
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,University Hospital Essen, Department of Endocrinology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Yoo DY, Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK. Entacapone promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1005-1110. [PMID: 33269743 PMCID: PMC8224137 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Entacapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, can strengthen the therapeutic effects of levodopa on the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, few studies are reported on whether entacapone can affect hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. To investigate the effects of entacapone, a modulator of dopamine, on proliferating cells and immature neurons in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus, 60 mice (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into a vehicle-treated group and the groups treated with 10, 50, or 200 mg/kg entacapone. The results showed that 50 and 200 mg/kg entacapone increased the exploration time for novel object recognition. Immunohistochemical staining results revealed that after entacapone treatment, the numbers of Ki67-positive proliferating cells, doublecortin-positive immature neurons, and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB)-positive cells were significantly increased. Western blot analysis results revealed that treatment with tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) receptor antagonist significantly decreased the exploration time for novel object recognition and inhibited the expression of phosphorylated TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Entacapone treatment antagonized the effects of TrkB receptor antagonist. These results suggest that entacapone treatment promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and improved memory function through activating the BDNF-TrkB-pCREB pathway. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Seoul National University (approval No. SNU-130730-1) on February 24, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Keeler J, Patsalos O, Thuret S, Ehrlich S, Tchanturia K, Himmerich H, Treasure J. Hippocampal volume, function, and related molecular activity in anorexia nervosa: A scoping review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1367-1387. [PMID: 33176113 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1850256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and persistent eating disorder, characterized by severe dietary restriction and weight loss, with a third of patients developing a severe-enduring form. The factors contributing to this progression are poorly understood, although there is evidence for impairments in neural structures such as the hippocampus, an area particularly affected by malnutrition and chronic stress. AREAS COVERED This study aimed to map the evidence for alterations in hippocampal volume, function, and related molecular activity in anorexia nervosa. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies related to hippocampal function and integrity using a range of methodologies, such as neuropsychological paradigms, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, and analysis of blood components. EXPERT OPINION Thirty-nine studies were included in this review. The majority were neuroimaging studies, which found hippocampus-specific volumetric and functional impairments. Neuropsychological studies showed evidence for a specific memory and learning impairments. There was some evidence for molecular abnormalities (e.g. cortisol), although these were few studies. Taken together, our review suggests that the hippocampus might be a particular region of interest when considering neurobiological approaches to understanding AN. These findings warrant further investigation and may lead to novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Keeler
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience , UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universitat Dresden, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences , Germany
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience ,UK
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Radix Scutellariae Ameliorates Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors via Protecting Neurons through the TGF β3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 Signaling Pathway. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8886715. [PMID: 33273910 PMCID: PMC7683137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress can impair hippocampal neurogenesis, increase neuronal apoptosis, and cause depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that Radix Scutellariae (RS) can rescue the stress-induced neuronal injury, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, we continued to investigate the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of the RS extract. A 7-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was used to establish a murine depression model. 0.75 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg RS was administered daily to the mice during the last 4 weeks. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST). The neuroprotective effect of RS was evaluated with the expression of hippocampal neuron-related markers and apoptosis-associated proteins by Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Results showed that RS could ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, increase the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), reduce the expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X (BAX), and increase the number of doublecortin- (DCX-), microtubule-associated protein 2- (MAP2-), and neuronal nucleus- (NeuN-) positive cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, RS could reverse the CUMS-induced decrease of TGFβ3 protein, promote the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, and increase the expression of downstream NEDD9 protein. These results suggest that RS could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neurons. And the molecular mechanism might be related to the regulation of the TGFβ3-SMAD2/3-NEDD9 pathway.
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Chen Z, Lan W, Yang G, Li Y, Ji X, Chen L, Zhou Y, Li S. Exercise Intervention in Treatment of Neuropsychological Diseases: A Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569206. [PMID: 33192853 PMCID: PMC7642996 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with a constant inundation of information and increasing pressures brought by the continuous development of modern civilization, people are increasingly faced with mental health challenges that are only now being actively researched. Mental illness is caused by brain dysfunction due to internal and external pathogenic factors that destroy the integrity of the human brain and alter its function. Regular participation in physical exercise can stimulate the cerebral cortex and simultaneously increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients, helping to preserve or restore normal functioning of the nervous system. In conjunction with other systems of the body, the nervous system constitutes the neuro-humoral regulation system responsible for maintaining the stable state of the human body. This paper is a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of exercise intervention on several common neuropsychological diseases, including depression, anxiety disorder, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, we discuss possible physiological mechanisms underlying exercise-induced benefits and study limitations that must be addressed by future research. In many cases, drug therapy is ineffective and brings unwanted side effects. Based on the literature, we conclude that exercise intervention plays a positive role and that certain standards must be established in the field to make physical activity consistently effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wencen Lan
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guifen Yang
- College of Applied Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Morales-Garcia JA, Calleja-Conde J, Lopez-Moreno JA, Alonso-Gil S, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Riba J, Perez-Castillo A. N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:331. [PMID: 32989216 PMCID: PMC7522265 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a component of the ayahuasca brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes across several South American countries. Here, we have examined, in vitro and vivo, the potential neurogenic effect of DMT. Our results demonstrate that DMT administration activates the main adult neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, promoting newly generated neurons in the granular zone. Moreover, these mice performed better, compared to control non-treated animals, in memory tests, which suggest a functional relevance for the DMT-induced new production of neurons in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the neurogenic effect of DMT appears to involve signaling via sigma-1 receptor (S1R) activation since S1R antagonist blocked the neurogenic effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Morales-Garcia
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.411347.40000 0000 9248 5770Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Moreno
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Psychobiology and Behavioural Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Carretera de Humera, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Institute for Biomedical Research “A. Sols” (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Riba
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Institute for Biomedical Research "A. Sols" (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), c/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain. .,Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, UCS-UCM, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
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Single-cell mass cytometry of microglia in major depressive disorder reveals a non-inflammatory phenotype with increased homeostatic marker expression. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:310. [PMID: 32917850 PMCID: PMC7486938 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced disturbances of brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In major depressive disorder (MDD), elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines can be found in peripheral blood, but very little is known about the changes that occur directly in the brain. Microglia are the primary immune effector cells of the central nervous system and exquisitely sensitive to changes in the brain microenvironment. Here, we performed the first single-cell analysis of microglia from four different post-mortem brain regions (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, thalamus, and subventricular zone) of medicated individuals with MDD compared to controls. We found no evidence for the induction of inflammation-associated molecules, such as CD11b, CD45, CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, MIP-1β (CCL4), IL-10, and even decreased expression of HLA-DR and CD68 in microglia from MDD cases. In contrast, we detected increased levels of the homeostatic proteins P2Y12 receptor, TMEM119 and CCR5 (CD195) in microglia from all brain regions of individuals with MDD. We also identified enrichment of non-inflammatory CD206hi macrophages in the brains of MDD cases. In sum, our results suggest enhanced homeostatic functions of microglia in MDD.
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Neuropharmacological Effects of Mesaconitine: Evidence from Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neural Circuit. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8814531. [PMID: 32904549 PMCID: PMC7456483 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesaconitine (MA), a diester-diterpenoid alkaloid in aconite roots, is considered to be one of the most important bioactive ingredients. In this review, we summarized its neuropharmacological effects, including analgesic effects and antiepileptiform effects. Mesaconitine can act on the central noradrenergic system and the serotonin system; behaving like the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants that increase norepinephrine levels in stress-induced depression. Therefore, the possible perspectives for future studies on the depression of MA were also discussed as well. The pharmacological effect of MA on depression is worthy of further study.
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47
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Zhao F, Tao W, Shang Z, Zhang W, Ruan J, Zhang C, Zhou L, Aiello H, Lai H, Qu R. Facilitating Granule Cell Survival and Maturation in Dentate Gyrus With Baicalin for Antidepressant Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556845. [PMID: 32982755 PMCID: PMC7493074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis possesses antidepressant abilities through its relation to hippocampal neurogenesis. Current research has found that baicalin can promote the proliferation of hippocampal granule cells, however, the detailed mechanism of baicalin on the survival and maturation of hippocampal granule cells has yet to be sufficiently explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether baicalin could facilitate the survival and maturation of hippocampal granule cells, and to explore its potential mechanism. The chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model of depression was used to assess antidepressant-like effects of baicalin and to illuminate possible molecular mechanisms by which baicalin affects hippocampal neurogenesis. The survival and maturation of granule cells were measured by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Golgi staining. The expression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway related proteins were measured by western blot analysis. PI3K inhibitor LY292002 and AKT inhibitor Perifosine were administered to HT-22 cells to explore the relationship between the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway and baicalin. The results of the study illustrated that baicalin significantly decreased chronic CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors and reduced serum corticosterone levels. In addition, baicalin (administered at 60 mg/kg) reversed chronic CORT-induced lesions on hippocampal granule cells. Moreover, baicalin significantly increased the phosphorylation rate of PI3K, AKT, GSK3β, and total β-catenin. The study found that administration of LY292002/Perifosine counteracted the effects of baicalin in HT-22 cells. These results demonstrate that baicalin can alleviate chronic CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors through promoting survival and maturation of adult-born hippocampal granule cells and exhibiting protective effect on hippocampal neuron morphology. We propose the underlying mechanisms involve the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shang
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyiyu Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hezheng Lai
- Chinese Medicine Centre, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rong Qu
- College of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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48
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Brymer KJ, Johnston J, Botterill JJ, Romay-Tallon R, Mitchell MA, Allen J, Pinna G, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of Reelin evaluated in the repeated-corticosterone chronic stress paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1707-1716. [PMID: 31926481 PMCID: PMC7419539 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present report examines the effects of repeated or single intrahippocampal Reelin infusions on measures of depressive-like behavior, cognition, and hippocampal neurogenesis in the repeated-corticosterone (CORT) paradigm. Rats received subcutaneous injections of CORT for 3 weeks and Reelin was infused through an inserted canula in the left hippocampus on days 7, 14, and 21, or only on day 21 of CORT injections. CORT increased immobility in the forced-swim test and impaired object-location memory. Notably, these effects were reversed by both repeated and single-Reelin infusions. CORT decreased both the number and complexity of doublecortin-labeled maturing newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, and a single-Reelin infusion increased the number but not complexity of newborn neurons, while repeated Reelin infusions restored both. Injection of the AMPA antagonist CNQX blocked the rescue of the behavioral phenotype by Reelin but did completely block the effects of Reelin on hippocampal neurogenesis. Reelin is able to rescue the deficits in AMPA, NMDA, GABAA receptors, mTOR and p-mTOR induced by CORT. These novel results demonstrate that a single intrahippocampal Reelin infusion into the dorsal hippocampus has fast-acting antidepressant-like effects, and that some of these effects may be at least partially independent of Reelin actions on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Jenessa Johnston
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Justin J Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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49
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The association between antidepressants use and development of cognitive impairment among older women diagnosed with breast cancer. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:1017-1026. [PMID: 32572725 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the association between the development of cognitive impairment and the use of antidepressants among older women with breast cancer. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database to identify women who were 67 years old and older and had breast cancer between 2008 and 2013. Propensity scoring was used to account for confounding pre-treatment factors, and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the risk of developing cognitive impairment among patients based on whether they used antidepressants. RESULTS A total of 3174 women taking antidepressants (mean age 75.2 ± 6.4) were matched with 3174 women not taking antidepressants (mean age 75.4 ± 6.7). Antidepressant use was associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95%; confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.48). Additionally, we found that older women without a history of depression or anxiety who use antidepressants have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment than those who did not use antidepressants (HR: 1.53, 95%; CI: 1.34-1.75 and HR: 1.39, 95%; CI: 1.23-1.56, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that the use of non-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION We found that non-TCA antidepressant use in older women with breast cancer was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. This association was also observed among older women without depression or anxiety who used antidepressants.
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Sun B, Jia X, Yang F, Ren G, Wu X. CREB-mediated generation and neuronal growth regulates the behavioral improvement of geniposide in diabetes-associated depression mouse model. Neurosci Res 2020; 165:38-44. [PMID: 32428538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder particularly diabetes is one of the leading causes of psychiatric or other neurodegenerative diseases. Previous clinical and pre-clinical studies indicate anti-diabetic drugs such as GLP-1 analogs or GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists could perform the neuroprotective effects with multiple molecular mechanisms. As one of natural compound to stimulate GLP-1R, geniposide was reported could improve cognitive behaviors in diabetes associated Alzheimer's disease rat model. Stimulating of GLP-1R could act the crosstalk downstream like neurotrophic factor mediated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) would be activated and exert cellular events including promotion of adult neurogenesis, which is one of important treatment targets in antidepressant. Here in this study, we employed HDF in combined with corticosterone (CORT) treatment to create diabetes associated depression model. Geniposide treatment could not only correct the metabolic pattern but could also improve the cognitive dysfunctions and depressive/anxiety symptoms. In consistent with its pro-neurogenic effects, geniposide also enhanced the activity of CREB in hippocampal tissue. Moreover, blocking CREB activity with 666-15 significantly compromised the effects of geniposide in promotion of neurogenesis and behavioral protective effects. In conclusion, this study expands the application of geniposide to treat diabetes associated depression subject and identified the underlying molecular mechanism for such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiayan Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoyong Ren
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, China.
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