1
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Yu W, Zhu Z, Zhao X, Cui S, Liu Z, Zeng Z. Altitudinal variation in life-history features of a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau lizard. Curr Zool 2023; 69:284-293. [PMID: 37351291 PMCID: PMC10284057 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental changes along an altitudinal gradient can facilitate the differentiation of life-history features in ectothermic species, but little attention has been devoted to the reciprocal influence of altitude and alpine slope directionality on life-history variation. According to life-history theory, increased environmental stress causes a change in reproductive allocation from number to quality of offspring, as well as a stronger trade-off between size and number of offspring. To clarify the influence of environmental pressures on the life-history features of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii along an altitudinal cline, we surveyed late pregnant females from 3 populations of low (2,600 m), middle (3,400 m), and high (3,600 m) elevations in the Dangjin Mountain of Gansu, China from July to October 2019, and compared their inter-population differences in maternal body size, reproductive characteristics, offspring growth, and locomotor performance. Because of lower temperatures, higher humidity, and lower light intensity caused by slope aspect and altitude, the middle-altitude region experienced stronger environmental stress than the high- and low-altitude regions. Our results showed that females were larger at middle- and high-altitude sites and smaller at the low-altitude site, following Bergmann's rule. We also found that females from low-altitude population gave birth earlier than those from the middle and high altitudes. Our results showed a shift in the offspring size-number trade-off of P. vlangalii in response to colder and harsher environments, with lizards from the alpine steppe (i.e. the middle- and high-altitude habitats) producing fewer but larger offspring than those from the warm steppe (i.e. the low-altitude habitat). Low-altitude juveniles grew faster than high-altitude ones, but at the same rates as middle-altitude juveniles. This result demonstrates that the growth of P. vlangalii was associated with temperature and light intensity. Our findings contribute to enhancing our understanding of the altitudinal variation in life-history features of plateau ectotherms and their phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, State Forestry Administration, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhigao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Jackson N, Littleford-Colquhoun BL, Strickland K, Class B, Frere CH. Selection in the city: Rapid and fine-scale evolution of urban eastern water dragons. Evolution 2022; 76:2302-2314. [PMID: 35971751 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos have long been treated as a Petri dish for studies of evolutionary and ecological processes. Like archipelagos, cities exhibit similar patterns and processes, such as the rapid phenotypic divergence of a species between urban and nonurban environments. However, on a local scale, cities can be highly heterogenous, where geographically close populations can experience dramatically different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, we are yet to understand the evolutionary and ecological implications for populations spread across a heterogenous cityscape. To address this, we compared neutral genetic divergence to quantitative trait divergence within three native riparian and four city park populations of an iconic urban adapter, the eastern water dragon. We demonstrated that selection is likely acting to drive divergence of snout-vent length and jaw width across native riparian populations that are geographically isolated and across city park populations that are geographically close yet isolated by urbanization. City park populations as close as 0.9 km exhibited signs of selection-driven divergence to the same extent as native riparian populations isolated by up to 114.5 km. These findings suggest that local adaptation may be occurring over exceptionally small geographic and temporal scales within a single metropolis, demonstrating that city parks can act as archipelagos for the study of rapid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Jackson
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Bethan L Littleford-Colquhoun
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, US.,Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, US
| | - Kasha Strickland
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Sauðarkrókur, 550, Iceland
| | - Barbara Class
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Celine H Frere
- Global Change Ecology Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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3
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Wan L, Liu Z, Wang T, Yang M, Li J, Sun H, Niu C, Zhao W, Jin Y. Camouflage versus running performance as strategies against predation in a lizard inhabiting different habitats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17409-17416. [PMID: 34938517 PMCID: PMC8668757 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Running speed and camouflage are associated with the foraging and anti-predator abilities of animals. The toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus versicolor, has evolved a darker dorsal color in melanistic habitats and maintained a lighter color in adjacent, non-melanistic habitats. We test the hypothesis that lizards have weaker running speed on well-matching backgrounds than on less matching backgrounds. We used lizard models to compare the predation pressure, while the running speed of dark and light lizards were compared in field tunnels using a video recording method. Our results indicated that both the dark lizards in melanistic Heishankou (HSK) and the light lizards in non-melanistic Guazhou (GZ) face lower predation pressure than potential color-background unmatched lizards. The light lizards have a potentially higher running speed than darker lizards in melanistic habitats, which implies that substrate color matching populations with benefits of camouflage might have lower anti-predation pressure, and the costs of investment in melanin production may reduce running capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wan
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhenxia Liu
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhouChina
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tao Wang
- College of life sciences and medicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Minglu Yang
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiasheng Li
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chenkai Niu
- College of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yuanting Jin
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang UniversityHangzhouChina
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4
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Cecchetto NR, Medina SM, Ibargüengoytía NR. Running performance with emphasis on low temperatures in a Patagonian lizard, Liolaemus lineomaculatus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14732. [PMID: 32895421 PMCID: PMC7477221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lizard activity and endurance of cold climate is regulated by several factors such as evolutionary potential, acclimatization capacity, physiological tolerance, and locomotion among thermally advantageous microenvironments. Liolaemus lineomaculatus, a lizard inhabiting a wide range of cold environments in Patagonia, provides an excellent model to test interpopulation variability in thermal performance curves (TPCs) and usage of microhabitats. We obtained critical thermal minima and maxima, and performed running trials at eight temperatures using lizards from both a temperate-site (high-altitude) population at 42° S and a cold-site population at 50° S. The availability of environmental temperatures for running performance in open ground and in potential lizard refuges were recorded, and showed that lizards in the temperate site had a greater availability of thermal environments offering temperatures conducive to locomotion. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the two populations displayed TPCs of different shapes in 0.15 m runs at temperatures near their optimal temperature, indicating a difference in thermal sensitivity at high temperatures. However, the rest of the locomotor parameters remained similar between Liolaemus lineomaculatus from thermal and ecological extremes of their geographic distribution and this may partly explain their ability to endure a cold climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Cecchetto
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - S M Medina
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIEMEP-CONICET), 9200, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - N R Ibargüengoytía
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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5
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Attenuated phenotypic responses of lizard morphology to logging and fire-related forest disturbance. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Rew-Duffy M, Cameron SF, Freeman NJ, Wheatley R, Latimer JM, Wilson RS. Greater agility increases probability of survival in the endangered northern quoll. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb218503. [PMID: 32561634 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.218503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduced predators combined with habitat loss and modification are threatening biodiversity worldwide, particularly the 'critical weight range' (CWR) mammals of Australia. In order to mitigate the impacts of invasive predators on native species in different landscapes, we must understand how the prey's morphology and performance determine their survival. Here, we evaluated how phenotypic traits related to escape performance predict the probability of survival for an endangered CWR mammal, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus). We measured mass, body size, body shape, body condition and age, as well as maximum sprint speed, acceleration and agility of female quolls over two consecutive years. Those with higher body condition and agility around a 135 deg corner were more likely to survive their first 21 months of life but were not more likely to survive after this period. No other morphological or performance traits affected survival. Heavier second-year individuals were more agile than first years but second years experienced higher mortality rates throughout the year. Females with higher body condition and agility around a 135 deg corner tended to have shorter limbs and feet but longer heads. Our findings suggest that higher body condition and agility are advantageous for survival in female northern quolls. These results can be used to develop predictive models of predator-prey interactions based on performance capacity and how performance is affected by habitat, aiding conservation efforts to predict and manage the impact of introduced predators on native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Rew-Duffy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Skye F Cameron
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Subiaco East, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Natalie J Freeman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wheatley
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania Sandy Bay, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jessica M Latimer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robbie S Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Moreno-Rueda G, Requena-Blanco A, Zamora-Camacho FJ, Comas M, Pascual G. Morphological determinants of jumping performance in the Iberian green frog. Curr Zool 2020; 66:417-424. [PMID: 32617090 PMCID: PMC7319472 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is one of the main selective forces in nature, frequently selecting potential prey for developing escape strategies. Escape ability is typically influenced by several morphological parameters, such as morphology of the locomotor appendices, muscular capacity, body mass, or fluctuating asymmetry, and may differ between sexes and age classes. In this study, we tested the relationship among these variables and jumping performance in 712 Iberian green frogs Pelophylax perezi from an urban population. The results suggest that the main determinant of jumping capacity was body size (explaining 48% of variance). Larger frogs jumped farther, but jumping performance reached an asymptote for the largest frogs. Once controlled by structural body size, the heaviest frogs jumped shorter distances, suggesting a trade-off between fat storage and jumping performance. Relative hind limb length also determined a small but significant percentage of variance (2.4%) in jumping performance—that is, the longer the hind limbs, the greater the jumping capacity. Juveniles had relatively shorter and less muscular hind limbs than adults (for a given body size), and their jumping performance was poorer. In our study population, the hind limbs of the frogs were very symmetrical, and we found no effect of fluctuating asymmetry on jumping performance. Therefore, our study provides evidence that jumping performance in frogs is not only affected by body size, but also by body mass and hind limb length, and differ between age classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Moreno-Rueda
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Abelardo Requena-Blanco
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Francisco J Zamora-Camacho
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03055, USA
| | - Mar Comas
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
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8
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Wilson RS, Pavlic TP, Wheatley R, Niehaus AC, Levy O. Modeling escape success in terrestrial predator–prey interactions. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:497-508. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis
Prey species often modify their foraging and reproductive behaviors to avoid encounters with predators; yet once they are detected, survival depends on out-running, out-maneuvering, or fighting off the predator. Though predation attempts involve at least two individuals—namely, a predator and its prey—studies of escape performance typically measure a single trait (e.g., sprint speed) in the prey species only. Here, we develop a theoretical model in which the likelihood of escape is determined by the prey animal’s tactics (i.e., path trajectory) and its acceleration, top speed, agility, and deceleration relative to the performance capabilities of a predator. The model shows that acceleration, top speed, and agility are all important determinants of escape performance, and because speed and agility are biomechanically related to size, smaller prey with higher agility should force larger predators to run along curved paths that do not allow them to use their superior speeds. Our simulations provide clear predictions for the path and speed a prey animal should choose when escaping from predators of different sizes (thus, biomechanical constraints) and could be used to explore the dynamics between predators and prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie S Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Theodore P Pavlic
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Wheatley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Amanda C Niehaus
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ofir Levy
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Siliceo‐Cantero HH, Benítez‐Malvido J, Suazo‐Ortuño I. Insularity effects on the morphological space and sexual dimorphism of a tropical tree lizard in western Mexico. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. H. Siliceo‐Cantero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - J. Benítez‐Malvido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - I. Suazo‐Ortuño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre los Recursos Naturales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo Morelia Michoacán Mexico
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10
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Neel LK, Curlis JD, Kinsey CT, Cox CL, McBrayer LD. Acclimatization in the physiological performance of an introduced ectotherm. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb201517. [PMID: 32098885 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility may facilitate range expansion by allowing organisms to maintain high levels of performance when introduced to novel environments. Phenotypic flexibility, such as reversible acclimatization, permits organisms to achieve high performance over a wide range of environmental conditions, without the costly allocation or acquisition tradeoffs associated with behavioral thermoregulation, which may expedite range expansion in introduced species. The northern curly-tailed lizard, Leiocephalus carinatus, was introduced to the USA in the 1940s and is now established in southern Florida. We measured bite force and the thermal sensitivity of sprinting of L. carinatus during the winter and spring to determine how morphology and performance varied seasonally. We found evidence of seasonal variation in several aspects of physiological performance. Lizards sampled in spring sprinted faster and tolerated higher temperatures, while lizards sampled in winter had high performance over a wider range of temperatures. Furthermore, seasonal differences in physiology were only detected after generating thermal reaction norms. Both sprint and bite force performance did not differ seasonally when solely comparing performance at a common temperature. No seasonal relationships between morphology and performance were detected. Our results suggest that L. carinatus may use reversible acclimatization to maintain high levels of performance across seasons not typically experienced within their native range. Thermal physiology plasticity may ameliorate the impacts of sub-optimal temperatures on performance without the cost of behavioral thermoregulation. Our work highlights the importance of utilizing reaction norms when evaluating performance and the potential ecological impacts of introduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Neel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - John D Curlis
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chase T Kinsey
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Christian L Cox
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lance D McBrayer
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
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11
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Lailvaux SP, Cespedes AM, Weber WD, Husak JF. Sprint speed is unaffected by dietary manipulation in trained male Anolis carolinensis lizards. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 333:164-170. [PMID: 31867872 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Performance traits are energetically costly, and their expression and use can drive trade-offs with other energetically costly life-history traits. However, different performance traits incur distinct costs and may be sensitive to both resource limitation and to the types of resources that are accrued. Protein is likely to be especially important for supporting burst performance traits such as sprint speed, but the effect of varying diet composition on sprint training in lizards, an emerging model system for exercise training, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the response to sprint training is sensitive to both the type and amount of resources in Anolis carolinensis. We also measured bite force across all treatments as a control whole-organism performance trait that should be unaffected by locomotor training. Both mass and bite force are reduced by dietary restriction over the course of 9 weeks of sprint training, but sprint speed is unaffected by either training or dietary restriction relative to controls. Furthermore, protein supplementation does not rescue a decline in either mass or bite force in trained, diet-restricted males. These results contrast with those for endurance training, and suggest that sprint speed is more canalized than either endurance or bite force in green anoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ann M Cespedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - William D Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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12
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Developmental differences between two marine turtle species and potential consequences for their survival at hatching. ZOOLOGY 2019; 136:125708. [PMID: 31541925 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.125708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical variation is a major source for natural selection. Marine turtles are endangered and survival predictions are of important biological, ecological, social, and political value. Here, we perform a preliminary study illustrating how comparative embryology permits understanding of ontogenetic variation as a contributor for evolutionary fitness. To that end, we studied samples of Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta embryos relative to a standardized staging system from the literature. We examined external anatomy using discrete characters in order to document interspecific variation during development of these species. We employed the 'Standard Event System to Study Vertebrate Embryos' to examine fitness-relevant structures. These include the limb paddles and elbows of Ch. mydas, which differentiate relatively late in ontogeny. We detected interspecific variation in the timing of trait differentiation - such as the egg tooth, closure of skull vault, carapace formation, and scale covering - and propose that these differences might be functionally and ecologically relevant for marine turtles.
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13
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Simon MN, Brandt R, Kohlsdorf T, Arnold SJ. Bite performance surfaces of three ecologically divergent Iguanidae lizards: relationships with lower jaw bones. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Traits that interact to perform an ecologically relevant function are expected to be under multivariate non-linear selection. Using the lower jaw morphology as a biomechanical model, we test the hypothesis that lower jaw bones of lizards are subjected to stabilizing and correlational selection, associated with mechanical advantage and maximum bite force. We used three closely related tropidurine species that differ in size, head shape and microhabitat: Eurolophosaurus nanuzae, Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus. We predicted a common pattern of correlational selection on bones that are part of in-levers or part of the out-lever of the lower jaw. The predicted pattern was found in E. nanuzae and T. hispidus, but this could not be shown to be statistically significant. For T. semitaeniatus, we found significant disruptive selection on a contrast involving the surangular, and also significant directional selection on linear combinations of traits in all species. The results indicate that the non-linear selection on lower jaw bones does not reflect an optimum to enhance mechanical advantage in all species. Divergent functional demands and specific ecological contexts of species seem relevant in shaping patterns of selection on morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Nouailhetas Simon
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Renata Brandt
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stevan J Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
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14
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Gilbert AL, Miles DB. Spatiotemporal variation in thermal niches suggests lability rather than conservatism of thermal physiology along an environmental gradient. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Temperature variation throughout a species range can be extensive and exert divergent spatiotemporal patterns of selection. The estimation of phenotypic differences of populations along environmental gradients provides information regarding population-level responses to changing environments and evolutionary lability in climate-relevant traits. However, few studies have found physiological differentiation across environmental gradients attributable to behavioural thermoregulation buffering physiological evolution. Here, we compared thermal sensitivity of physiological performance among three populations of the ornate tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) along a 1100 m elevational gradient in southeastern Arizona across years in order to determine whether spatial differences in thermal environments are capable of driving local physiological differentiation. Lizards exhibited significant population-level differences in thermal physiology. The thermal traits of lizards at low elevations included warmer body temperatures and higher preferred and critical thermal temperatures. In contrast, lizards at higher elevations had cooler body temperatures and lower preferred and critical thermal temperatures. Populations also exhibited differences in the optimal temperature for performance and thermal performance breadth. The direction of population variation was consistent across years. Environmental gradients can provide model systems for studying the evolution of thermal physiology, and our study is one of the first to suggest that population differentiation in thermal physiology could be more prominent than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Donald B Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Athens, OH, USA
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Gómez Alés R, Acosta JC, Astudillo V, Córdoba M, Blanco GM, Miles D. Effect of temperature on the locomotor performance of species in a lizard assemblage in the Puna region of Argentina. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:977-990. [PMID: 30288595 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion is relevant to the ecology of reptiles because of its presumed influence on an organism's Darwinian fitness. Moreover, in ectothermic species, physiological performance capacity is affected by body temperature. We analyzed two components of locomotor performance in three species of lizards, Phymaturus extrilidus, Liolaemus parvus, and Liolaemus ruibali, in the Puna environment of Argentina. First, we estimated the thermal sensitivity of locomotion by measuring sprint speed at four different body temperatures. We included two measures of sprint speed: initial velocity and long sprint for sustained runs. Based on these data, we calculated the optimal temperature for performance and the optimal performance breadth. We also estimated endurance capacity at a single temperature. Maximum sprint speed for L. parvus was greater than L. ruibali and P. extrilidus in both initial velocity and long sprint. In contrast, L. parvus exhibited lower levels of endurance than L. ruibali and P. extrilidus. However, endurance in L. ruibali exceeded that of P. extrilidus. The species differed in the optimal temperature for the initial velocity with the lowest for L. ruibali (31.8 °C) followed by P. extrilidus (33.25 °C) and then L. parvus (36.25 °C). The optimal temperature for long sprint varied between 32 and 36 °C for all species. We found that all species attained maximum performance at body temperatures commonly experienced during daily activity, which was higher than the thermal quality of the environment. We found evidence for thermal sensitivity in locomotor performance in these species. However, we also show that the broad thermal breadth of performance suggests that the lizards are capable of sustaining near optimal levels of locomotor performance at ambient temperatures that would appear to be suboptimal. Thus, this lizard assemblage is capable of coping with the highly variable climatic conditions in the Puna region of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gómez Alés
- DIBIOVA (Gabinete Diversidad y Biología de Vertebrados del Árido), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina. .,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Juan, Argentina.
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- DIBIOVA (Gabinete Diversidad y Biología de Vertebrados del Árido), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina.,CIGEOBIO-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Astudillo
- DIBIOVA (Gabinete Diversidad y Biología de Vertebrados del Árido), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina.,CIGEOBIO-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Mariela Córdoba
- DIBIOVA (Gabinete Diversidad y Biología de Vertebrados del Árido), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina.,CIGEOBIO-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Graciela Mirta Blanco
- DIBIOVA (Gabinete Diversidad y Biología de Vertebrados del Árido), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina.,CIGEOBIO-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 590 (O), Rivadavia, J5402DCS, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Donald Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Lu HL, Xu CX, Zeng ZG, Du WG. Environmental causes of between-population difference in growth rate of a high-altitude lizard. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 30249235 PMCID: PMC6154872 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectothermic animals living in cold (high latitude or high elevation) regions are predicted to grow slower due to limited thermal opportunities for activity and food resources than those living in warm regions. However, the Qinghai toad-headed lizards (Phrynocephalus vlangalii) grow faster and reach a larger adult size at a high-elevation site than at a low-elevation site. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic and environmental causes of this between-population difference in growth rate by conducting mark-recapture and common garden experiments on juvenile growth rate, and investigating the thermal environment, lizard body temperature, potential prey availability at the two elevation sites. Results Compared with low-elevation individuals, high-elevation juvenile lizards had higher growth rates in the field, but grew at similar rates in the laboratory. High-elevation lizards had higher active body temperatures than low-elevation lizards despite similar air temperatures in the period of field investigation. The high-elevation site had relatively more and larger preys than the low-elevation site. Conclusions Inter-population difference in growth rate of P. vlangalii may primarily result from developmental plasticity in response to the difference in environmental resources, rather than genetic differentiation. The higher growth rate of high-elevation lizards is likely associated with higher potential food availability and higher active body temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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17
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18
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Kenison EK, Williams RN. Rearing captive eastern hellbenders ( Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis ) with moving water improves swim performance. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Guimarães M, MunguÍa-Steyer R, Doherty PF, Sawaya RJ. No survival costs for sexually selected traits in a polygynous non-territorial lizard. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The survival of both the hunter and the hunted often comes down to speed. Yet how fast an animal can run is intricately linked to its size, such that the fastest animals are not the biggest nor the smallest. The ability to maintain high speeds is dependent on the body's capacity to withstand the high stresses involved with locomotion. Yet even when standing still, scaling principles would suggest that the mechanical stress an animal feels will increase in greater demand than its body can support. So if big animals want to be fast, they must find solutions to overcome these high stresses. This article explores the ways in which extant animals mitigate size-related increases in musculoskeletal stress in an effort to help understand where all the giants have gone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. M. Dick
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christofer J. Clemente
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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21
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. The relevance of morphology for habitat use and locomotion in two species of wall lizards. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Grenier S, Barre P, Litrico I. Phenotypic Plasticity and Selection: Nonexclusive Mechanisms of Adaptation. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:7021701. [PMID: 27313957 PMCID: PMC4895053 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Selection and plasticity are two mechanisms that allow the adaptation of a population to a changing environment. Interaction between these nonexclusive mechanisms must be considered if we are to understand population survival. This review discusses the ways in which plasticity and selection can interact, based on a review of the literature on selection and phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of populations. The link between selection and phenotypic plasticity is analysed at the level of the individual. Plasticity can affect an individual's response to selection and so may modify the end result of genetic diversity evolution at population level. Genetic diversity increases the ability of populations or communities to adapt to new environmental conditions. Adaptive plasticity increases individual fitness. However this effect must be viewed from the perspective of the costs of plasticity, although these are not easy to estimate. It is becoming necessary to engage in new experimental research to demonstrate the combined effects of selection and plasticity for adaptation and their consequences on the evolution of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Grenier
- INRA, UR004, P3F, RD 150, Site du Chêne, BP 86006, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - P. Barre
- INRA, UR004, P3F, RD 150, Site du Chêne, BP 86006, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - I. Litrico
- INRA, UR004, P3F, RD 150, Site du Chêne, BP 86006, 86600 Lusignan, France
- *I. Litrico:
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23
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Husak JF. Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates). Compr Physiol 2015; 6:63-85. [PMID: 26756627 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand why organisms function the way that they do, we must understand how evolution shapes physiology. This requires knowledge of how selection acts on physiological traits in nature. Selection studies in the wild allow us to determine how variation in physiology causes variation in fitness, revealing how evolution molds physiology over evolutionary time. Manipulating phenotypes experimentally in a selection study shifts the distribution of trait variation in a population to better explore potential constraints and the adaptive value of physiological traits. There is a large database of selection studies in the wild on a variety of traits, but very few of those are physiological traits. Nevertheless, data available so far suggest that physiological traits, including metabolic rate, thermal physiology, whole-organism performance, and hormone levels, are commonly subjected to directional selection in nature, with stabilizing and disruptive selection less common than predicted if physiological traits are optimized to an environment. Selection studies on manipulated phenotypes, including circulating testosterone and glucocorticoid levels, reinforce this notion, but reveal that trade-offs between survival and reproduction or correlational selection can constrain the evolution of physiology. More studies of selection on physiological traits in nature that quantify multiple traits are necessary to better determine the manner in which physiological traits evolve and whether different types of traits (dynamic performance vs. regulatory) evolve differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Olberding JP, Herrel A, Higham TE, Garland T. Limb segment contributions to the evolution of hind limb length in phrynosomatid lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Olberding
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue; SCA110, Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité; Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 B-9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Timothy E. Higham
- Department of Biology; University of California; 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Biology; University of California; 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 USA
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25
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Wilson RS, Husak JF, Halsey LG, Clemente CJ. Predicting the Movement Speeds of Animals in Natural Environments. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:1125-41. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Clemente CJ, Wilson RS. Balancing Biomechanical Constraints: Optimal Escape Speeds When There Is a Trade-off between Speed and Maneuverability. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:1142-54. [PMID: 26337058 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability for prey to escape a pursuing predator is dependent both on the prey's speed away from the threat and on their ability to rapidly change directions, or maneuverability. Given that the biomechanical trade-off between speed and maneuverability limits the simultaneous maximization of both performance traits, animals should not select their fastest possible speeds when running away from a pursuing predator but rather a speed that maximizes the probability of successful escape. We explored how variation in the relationship between speed and maneuverability-or the shape of the trade-off-affects the optimal choice of speed for escaping predators. We used tablet-based games that simulated interactions between predators and prey (human subjects acting as predators attempting to capture "prey" moving across a screen). By defining a specific relationship between speed and maneuverability, we could test the survival of each of the possible behavioral choices available to this phenotype, i.e., the best combination of speed and maneuverability for prey fitness, based on their ability to escape. We found that the shape of the trade-off function affected the prey's optimal speed for success in escaping, the prey's maximum performance in escaping, and the breadth of speeds over which the prey's performance was high. The optimal speed for escape varied only when the trade-off between speed and maneuverability was non-linear. Phenotypes possessing trade-off functions for which maneuverability was only compromised at high speeds exhibited lower optimal speeds. Phenotypes that exhibited greater increases in maneuverability for any decrease in speed were more likely to have broader ranges of performance, meaning that individuals could attain their maximum performance across a broader range of speeds. We also found that there was a differential response of the subject's learning to these different components of locomotion. With increased experience through repeated trials, subjects were able to successfully catch faster and faster dots. However, no improvement was observed in the subject's ability to capture more maneuverable prey. Our work highlights the costs of high-speed movement on other traits, including maneuverability, which make the use of an animal's fastest speeds unlikely, even when attempting to escape predators. By investigating the shape of the trade-off functions between speed and maneuverability and the way the environment and morphology mediates this trade-off, we can begin to understand why animals choose to move at the speeds they do when they are running away from predators or attempting to capture prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Clemente
- *School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia;
| | - R S Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
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27
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Thermal dependence of sprint performance in the lizard Psammodromus algirus along a 2200-meter elevational gradient: Cold-habitat lizards do not perform better at low temperatures. J Therm Biol 2015; 52:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Clemente CJ, Wilson RS. Speed and maneuverability jointly determine escape success: exploring the functional bases of escape performance using simulated games. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christofer J. Clemente
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robbie S. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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29
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Meyers JJ, Irschick DJ. Does whole-organism performance constrain resource use? A community test with desert lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay J. Meyers
- Department of Biology; 221 Morrill Science Center; University of Massachusetts at Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Duncan J. Irschick
- Department of Biology; 221 Morrill Science Center; University of Massachusetts at Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
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30
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Wynn ML, Clemente C, Nasir AFAA, Wilson RS. Running faster causes disaster: trade-offs between speed, manoeuvrability and motor control when running around corners in northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus). J Exp Biol 2015; 218:433-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Movement speed is fundamental to all animal behaviour, yet no general framework exists for understanding why animals move at the speeds they do. Even during fitness-defining behaviours like running away from predators, an animal should select a speed that balances the benefits of high speed against the increased probability of mistakes. In this study, we explored this idea by quantifying trade-offs between speed, manoeuvrability and motor control in wild northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) – a medium-sized carnivorous marsupial native to northern Australia. First, we quantified how running speed affected the probability of crashes when rounding corners of 45, 90 and 135 deg. We found that the faster an individual approached a turn, the higher the probability that they would crash, and these risks were greater when negotiating tighter turns. To avoid crashes, quolls modulated their running speed when they moved through turns of varying angles. Average speed for quolls when sprinting along a straight path was around 4.5 m s−1 but this decreased linearly to speeds of around 1.5 m s−1 when running through 135 deg turns. Finally, we explored how an individual's morphology affects their manoeuvrability. We found that individuals with larger relative foot sizes were more manoeuvrable than individuals with smaller relative foot sizes. Thus, movement speed, even during extreme situations like escaping predation, should be based on a compromise between high speed, manoeuvrability and motor control. We advocate that optimal – rather than maximal – performance capabilities underlie fitness-defining behaviours such as escaping predators and capturing prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Wynn
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christofer Clemente
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Robbie S. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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31
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Des Roches S, Brinkmeyer MS, Harmon LJ, Rosenblum EB. Ecological release and directional change in White Sands lizard trophic ecomorphology. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Zamora-Camacho FJ, Reguera S, Rubiño-Hispán MV, Moreno-Rueda G. Eliciting an immune response reduces sprint speed in a lizard. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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33
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Zamora-Camacho FJ, Reguera S, Rubiño-Hispán MV, Moreno-Rueda G. Effects of Limb Length, Body Mass, Gender, Gravidity, and Elevation on Escape Speed in the Lizard Psammodromus algirus. Evol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-014-9285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Huyghe K, Van Damme R, Breugelmans K, Herrel A, Vanhooydonck B, Tadič Z, Backeljau T. Parentage analyses suggest female promiscuity and a disadvantage for athletic males in the colour-polymorphic lizard Podarcis melisellensis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Phylogeny, biogeography, and display evolution in the tree and brush lizard genus Urosaurus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 61:714-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Haenel G. Effects of Habitat on Clutch Size of Ornate Tree Lizards,Urosaurus ornatus. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2011. [DOI: 10.3398/064.071.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Hendry AP, Hudson K, Walker JA, Räsänen K, Chapman LJ. Genetic divergence in morphology-performance mapping between Misty Lake and inlet stickleback. J Evol Biol 2010; 24:23-35. [PMID: 21091565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different environments should select for different aspects of organismal performance, which should lead to correlated divergence in morphological traits that influence performance. The result should be genetic divergence in aspects of performance, morphology and associations ('maps') between morphology and performance. Testing this hypothesis requires quantifying performance and morphology in multiple populations after controlling for environmental differences, but this is rarely attempted. We used a common-garden experiment to examine morphology and several aspects of swimming performance within and between the lake and inlet populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Misty system, Vancouver Island, Canada. Controlling for body size, lake stickleback had shallower bodies, larger caudal fins and smaller pelvic girdles. With or without morphological covariates, lake stickleback showed greater performance in both sustained and burst swimming. In contrast, inlet stickleback showed greater manoeuverability than did lake stickleback in some analyses. Morphology-performance relationships were decoupled when considering variation within vs. between populations. Moreover, morphology-performance mapping differed between the two populations. Based on these observations, we advance a hypothesis for why populations adapting to different environments should show adaptive genetic divergence in morphology-performance mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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38
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Gowan TA, McBrayer LD, Rostal DC. Seasonal variation in testosterone and performance in males of a non-territorial lizard species. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:357-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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While GM, Uller T, Wapstra E. Offspring performance and the adaptive benefits of prolonged pregnancy: experimental tests in a viviparous lizard. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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HAENEL GREGORYJ. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus). Mol Ecol Resour 2009; 9:597-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Adolph SC, Pickering T. Estimating maximum performance: effects of intraindividual variation. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1336-43. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYResearchers often estimate the performance capabilities of animals using a small number of trials per individual. This procedure inevitably underestimates maximum performance, but few studies have examined the magnitude of this effect. In this study we explored the effects of intraindividual variation and individual sample size on the estimation of locomotor performance parameters. We measured sprint speed of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis at two temperatures (20°C and 35°C),obtaining 20 measurements per individual. Speed did not vary temporally,indicating no training or fatigue effects. About 50% of the overall variation in speed at each temperature was due to intraindividual variation. While speed was repeatable, repeatability decreased slightly with increasing separation between trials. Speeds at 20°C and 35°C were positively correlated,indicating repeatability across temperatures as well. We performed statistical sampling experiments in which we randomly drew a subset of each individual's full set of 20 trials. As expected, the sample's maximum speed increased with the number of trials per individual; for example, five trials yielded an estimate averaging 89% of the true maximum. The number of trials also influenced the sample correlation between mean speeds at 20°C and 35°C; for example, five trials yielded a correlation coefficient averaging 90% of the true correlation. Therefore, intraindividual variation caused underestimation of maximal speed and the correlation between speeds across temperatures. These biases declined as the number of trials per individual increased, and depended on the magnitude of intraindividual variation, as illustrated by running sampling experiments that used modified data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Adolph
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard,Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Trevor Pickering
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard,Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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Irschick D, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA, Husak JF, Meyers JJ. New Directions for Studying Selection in Nature: Studies of Performance and Communities. Physiol Biochem Zool 2007; 80:557-67. [PMID: 17909993 DOI: 10.1086/521203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural and sexual selection are crucial factors in the evolutionary process, yet recent reviews show that researchers have focused narrowly on this topic, with the majority of research centered on the morphological traits of single species. However, in the past several years, several bodies of work have emerged that have examined both selection on performance capacity and selection in a community context, and our goal is to highlight these two growing areas and point toward future directions. Recent studies of selection on performance capacity point toward directional selection favoring high levels of performance, and we detected less evidence for selection favoring intermediate (i.e., stabilizing) or bimodal (i.e., disruptive) kinds of performance levels. Studies of selection in a community context, using the paradigm of indirect genetic effects, show significant community heritability and strong capacity for evolution to occur in a community context via the force of natural selection. For future directions, we argue that researchers should shift toward longer-term studies of selection on both individual species and communities, and we also encourage researchers to publish negative selection results for both performance and community studies to act as balancing influences on published positive selection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Irschick
- Department of Biology, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, 221 Morrill Science Center, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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