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Marciniak B, Peroni N, Traveset A, de Sá Dechoum M. Effects of the control of an invasive tree on the structure of a plant-frugivore network. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024:e3037. [PMID: 39354746 DOI: 10.1002/eap.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Invasive non-native species are one of the main causes of degradation of ecosystems worldwide. The control of invasive species is key to reducing threats to ecosystem viability in the long term. Observations of structural changes in ecological interaction networks following invasive species suppression can be useful to monitor the success of ecological restoration initiatives. We evaluated the structure of plant-bird frugivory interaction networks in a plant community invaded by the guava tree (Psidium guajava L.) by comparing network metrics before and after control actions. Psidium guajava was relevant in all metrics for the unmanaged network in this study, with high degree centrality and high nestedness contribution. Based on the asymmetry of species interactions, we found that birds were highly dependent on the invasive plant before suppression. Once P. guajava trees were eliminated, bird and plant species richness, total number of interactions, and modularity increased, whereas nestedness and interaction strength asymmetry decreased. The diet of the bird community became more diversified once P. guajava was no longer available and relevant species roles in community structure emerged. Our results corroborate the fact that ecological restoration interventions should include the control of non-native plant species that attract frugivorous animals in order to diversify plant-frugivore interactions and thus maintain biodiversity in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Marciniak
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies, CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Michele de Sá Dechoum
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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2
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Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Ecosystem functioning across the diel cycle in the Anthropocene. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:31-40. [PMID: 37723017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked differences in environmental conditions and active biota between daytime and nighttime, it is almost inevitable that ecosystem functioning will also differ. However, understanding of these differences has been hampered due to the challenges of conducting research at night. At the same time, many anthropogenic pressures are most forcefully exerted or have greatest effect during either daytime (e.g., high temperatures, disturbance) or nighttime (e.g., artificial lighting, nights warming faster than days). Here, we explore current understanding of diel (daily) variation in five key ecosystem functions and when during the diel cycle they primarily occur [predation (unclear), herbivory (nighttime), pollination (daytime), seed dispersal (unclear), carbon assimilation (daytime)] and how diel asymmetry in anthropogenic pressures impacts these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
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3
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Mutualistic interaction network structure between bird and plant species in a semi-arid Neotropical environment. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2023.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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4
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González C. Evolution of the concept of ecological integrity and its study through networks. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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5
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Camacho LA, de Andreazzi CS, Medeiros LP, Birskis‐Barros I, Emer C, Reigada C, Guimarães PR. Cheating interactions favor modularity in mutualistic networks. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Camacho
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia, Depto de Ecologia – Inst. de Biociências, USP São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Cecilia Siliansky de Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | | | | | - Carine Emer
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Pacheco Leão, 915. Jardim Botânico Rio de Janeiro CEP 22460‐000 RJ Brasil
| | - Carolina Reigada
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Depto de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Univ. Federal de São Carlos, UFSCAR São Carlos SP Brasil
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Depto de Ecologia – Inst. de Biociências, USP, Rua do Matão São Paulo SP Brasil
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6
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Differentiation and seasonality in suitable microsites of seed dispersal by an assemblage of omnivorous mammals. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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7
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Vollstädt MGR, Galetti M, Kaiser‐Bunbury CN, Simmons BI, Gonçalves F, Morales‐Pérez AL, Navarro L, Tarazona‐Tubens FL, Schubert S, Carlo T, Salazar J, Faife‐Cabrera M, Strong A, Madden H, Mitchell A, Dalsgaard B. Plant–frugivore interactions across the Caribbean islands: Modularity, invader complexes and the importance of generalist species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G. R. Vollstädt
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables Florida USA
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Christopher N. Kaiser‐Bunbury
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, Penryn Campus University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Benno I. Simmons
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, Penryn Campus University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Luis Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo Universidad de Vigo Vigo Spain
| | | | - Spencer Schubert
- Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA
| | - Tomas Carlo
- Biology Department & Ecology Program The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jackeline Salazar
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD) Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Grupo Jaragua Inc. Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
| | - Michel Faife‐Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Centro de Estudios Jardín Botánico Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas Santa Clara Cuba
| | - Allan Strong
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont, Aiken Center Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Hannah Madden
- Caribbean Netherlands Science Institute (CNSI) Oranjestad The Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Adam Mitchell
- Sint Eustatius National Parks Oranjestad Netherlands
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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8
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Felix GM, Pinheiro RBP, Jorge LR, Lewinsohn TM. A framework for hierarchical compound topologies in species interaction networks. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Felix
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas, Depto de Biologia Animal, Inst. de Biologia Campinas Brazil
| | - Rafael B. P. Pinheiro
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas, Depto de Biologia Animal, Inst. de Biologia Campinas Brazil
| | - Leonardo R. Jorge
- Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czechia
| | - Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Univ. Estadual de Campinas, Depto de Biologia Animal, Inst. de Biologia Campinas Brazil
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Dolabela Falcão LA, Araújo WS, Leite LO, Fagundes M, Espírito-Santo MM, Zazá-Borges MA, Vasconcelos P, Fernandes GW, Paglia A. Network Structure of Bat-Ectoparasitic Interactions in Tropical Dry Forests at Two Different Regions in Brazil. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A. Dolabela Falcão
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walter Santos Araújo
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lemuel O. Leite
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Fagundes
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario M. Espírito-Santo
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magno A. Zazá-Borges
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vasconcelos
- 1Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo W. Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Paglia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Corro EJ, Villalobos F, Lira-Noriega A, Guevara R, Dáttilo W. Current climate and latitude shape the structure of bat-fruit interaction networks throughout the Neotropical region. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.2007644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick J. Corro
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba, Mexico
| | | | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Roger Guevara
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
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11
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Response of avian and mammal seed dispersal networks to human-induced forest edges in a sub-humid tropical forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Species-rich ecosystems as tropical forests are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic destruction. Most tropical plant species rely on animals to disperse their seeds. However, patterns of mutualistic interactions have rarely been explored, and seed dispersal networks are still poorly studied in Africa. Here, we examine how forest edges’ (FE) seed dispersal networks differ from the mature forest (MF) at a West African sub-humid tropical forest within the National Park of Cantanhez (Guinea-Bissau). Additionally, we explore species’ roles within the network. MF had higher fruit availability, more frugivore visitors, and plant–frugivore interactions. Network structure was quite similar between habitats, showing signs of redundancy, and some robustness to species’ extinction. FE was more nested, modular, and specialized, whereas MF had higher connectance, interaction evenness, and robustness to extinction. Most species were generalists, but large-bodied frugivores prevailed at MF. FE showed a higher vulnerability, mostly to the loss of trees. Trees are key, keeping the structure of both networks. Large-bodied frugivores and fruiting-tree species that work as network connectors should thus be the focus of active conservation management in these forests. Only viable populations of these species will ensure a good performance of the seed dispersal network, promoting the natural regeneration of the ecosystem.
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12
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Chaverri P, Chaverri G. Fungal communities in feces of the frugivorous bat Ectophylla alba and its highly specialized Ficus colubrinae diet. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:24. [PMID: 35303964 PMCID: PMC8932179 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bats are important long-distance dispersers of many tropical plants, yet, by consuming fruits, they may disperse not only the plant's seeds, but also the mycobiota within those fruits. We characterized the culture-dependent and independent fungal communities in fruits of Ficus colubrinae and feces of Ectophylla alba to determine if passage through the digestive tract of bats affected the total mycobiota. RESULTS Using presence/absence and normalized abundance data from fruits and feces, we demonstrate that the fungal communities were significantly different, even though there was an overlap of ca. 38% of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). We show that some of the fungi from fruits were also present and grew from fecal samples. Fecal fungal communities were dominated by Agaricomycetes, followed by Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Malasseziomycetes, while fruit samples were dominated by Dothideomycetes, followed by Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Laboulbeniomycetes. Linear discriminant analyses (LDA) show that, for bat feces, the indicator taxa include Basidiomycota (i.e., Agaricomycetes: Polyporales and Agaricales), and the ascomycetous class Eurotiomycetes (i.e., Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae). For fruits, indicator taxa are in the Ascomycota (i.e., Dothideomycetes: Botryosphaeriales; Laboulbeniomycetes: Pyxidiophorales; and Sordariomycetes: Glomerellales). In our study, the differences in fungal species composition between the two communities (fruits vs. feces) reflected on the changes in the functional diversity. For example, the core community in bat feces is constituted by saprobes and animal commensals, while that of fruits is composed mostly of phytopathogens and arthropod-associated fungi. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the groundwork to continue disentangling the direct and indirect symbiotic relationships in an ecological network that has not received enough attention: fungi-plants-bats. Findings also suggest that the role of frugivores in plant-animal mutualistic networks may extend beyond seed dispersal: they may also promote the dispersal of potentially beneficial microbial symbionts while, for example, hindering those that can cause plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Chaverri
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. .,Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Gloriana Chaverri
- Sede del Sur, Universidad de Costa Rica, Golfito, 60701, Costa Rica.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá
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Long-term dynamics of the network structures in seed dispersal associated with fluctuations in bird migration and fruit abundance patterns. Oecologia 2022; 198:457-470. [PMID: 35112172 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In temperate zones, seed-dispersal networks by migratory birds are formed on long time scale. In mid-October from 2005 to 2016, to explore the dynamics of the network structures, we examined interannual variability of fruit abundance, bird migration, and seed-dispersal networks in central Japan. For 12 years, the fruit abundance exhibited a remarkable fluctuation across years, with the number of fruiting plants and matured fruits fluctuating repeatedly every other year, leading to the periodic fluctuations. The abundance of migratory birds was also fluctuated. According to the abundance of fruits and migratory birds, the 12 years was classified into three types: frugivores and fruits were abundant, frugivores were abundant but fruits were scarce, and frugivores were scarce. The seed-dispersal networks were investigated by collecting faeces and vomits of migrants. Of the 6652 samples collected from 15 bird species, 1671 (25.1%) included seeds from 60 plant species. Main dispersers were composed of Turdus pallidus, T. obscurus, and Zosterops japonicus. The network structures were almost nested for 12 years. Specifically, the nested structure was developed in years when fruit abundance was low. GLM analyses showed the abundance of migrants, particularly T. pallidus and T. obscurus, had strong positive effects on nested structure. It may be caused by the fact the two Turdus species were more frequently functioning as generalist dispersers when fruit abundance was lower. Our study suggested fruit abundance and foraging behaviour of frugivores determine the network structures of seed dispersal on long time scale.
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Felix GM, Pinheiro RBP, Poulin R, Krasnov BR, Mello MAR. The compound topology of host–parasite networks is explained by the integrative hypothesis of specialization. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Boris R. Krasnov
- Mitrani Dept of Desert Ecology, Swiss Inst. for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Inst. for Desert Research, Ben‐Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Sede‐Boqer Campus Midreshet Ben‐Gurion Israel
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Corro EJ, Villalobos F, Lira-Noriega A, Guevara R, Guimarães PR, Dáttilo W. Annual precipitation predicts the phylogenetic signal in bat-fruit interaction networks across the Neotropics. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210478. [PMID: 34847787 PMCID: PMC8633800 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Closely related species tend to be more similar than randomly selected species from the same phylogenetic tree. This pattern, known as a phylogenetic signal, has been extensively studied for intrinsic (e.g. morphology), as well as extrinsic (e.g. climatic preferences), properties but less so for ecological interactions. Phylogenetic signals of species interactions (i.e. resource use) can vary across time and space, but the causes behind such variations across broader spatial extents remain elusive. Here, we evaluated how current and historical climates influence phylogenetic signals of bat-fruit interaction networks across the Neotropics. We performed a model selection relating the phylogenetic signals of each trophic level (bats and plants) with a set of current and historical climatic factors deemed ecologically important in shaping biotic interactions. Bat and plant phylogenetic signals in bat-fruit interaction networks varied little with climatic factors, although bat phylogenetic signals positively covaried with annual precipitation. These findings indicated that water availability could increase resource availability, favouring higher niche partitioning of trophic resources among bat species and hence bat phylogenetic signals across bat-fruit interaction networks. Overall, our study advances our understanding of the spatial dynamics of bat-fruit interactions by highlighting the association of current climatic factors with phylogenetic patterns of biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J. Corro
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, CP 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba, CP 94500, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, CP 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, CP 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, CP 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roger Guevara
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, CP 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, CP 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
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Diet and trophic structure of frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) in forests and chagras of the Andean–Amazon piedmont, Ecuador. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Acevedo-Quintero JF, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Mendoza E, Zamora-Abrego JG. Sampling bias affects the relationship between structural importance and species body mass in frugivore-plant interaction networks. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pellón JJ, Rivero J, Williams M, Flores M. Trophic relationships within the genus Carollia (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in a premontane forest of central Peru. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Assemblages of Neotropical frugivorous bats are structured as a function of the fruit diets of species; however, ecological relationships among closely related species largely remain unknown. This study evaluated the trophic relations among three species of Carollia in a premontane forest of central Peru. To accomplish this, we first determined the diet composition of frugivorous bats to build a bat–fruit interaction network. We then assessed the trophic structure of the bat assemblage using a modularity analysis in the network. Carollia brevicauda and Carollia perspicillata were grouped apart from Carollia benkeithi. This partition occurred because the diet of C. benkeithi was more specialized, characterized by two Piper species, a Cyclanthaceae species, and Banara guianensis. Moreover, C. benkeithi, in contrast to its congeners, did not consume fruits of Ficus or Cecropia (canopy resources). This result and available information on the ecology of Carollia species suggest that small species of Carollia are more likely to carry out most of their feeding activities in the understory than are large species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Pellón
- Departamento de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Jorge Rivero
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Marta Williams
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal y Biorremediación Luis Basto Acosta, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Mercedes Flores
- Herbario MOL-Weberbauer, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
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Lopes VL, Costa FV, Rodrigues RA, Braga ÉM, Pichorim M, Moreira PA. High fidelity defines the temporal consistency of host-parasite interactions in a tropical coastal ecosystem. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16839. [PMID: 33033317 PMCID: PMC7545182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite interactions represent a selective force that may reduce hosts’ lifespan, their reproductive success and survival. Environmental conditions can affect host-parasite communities, leading to distinct patterns of interactions with divergent ecological and evolutionary consequences for their persistence. Here, we tested whether climatic oscillation shapes the temporal dynamics of bird-haemosporidian associations, assessing the main mechanisms involved in the temporal dissimilarity of their interactions’ networks. For two years, we monthly sampled birds in a tropical coastal ecosystem to avian malaria molecular diagnosis. The studied networks exhibited high specialization, medium modularity, with low niche overlap among parasites lineages. Moreover, alpha and β-diversity of hosts, parasites and their interactions, as well as the structure of their networks were temporally consistent, i.e., stable under fluctuations in temperature or precipitation over seasons. The structure and temporal consistency of the studied antagonistic networks suggest a high fidelity between partners, which is likely relevant for their evolutionary persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - F V Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - É M Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M Pichorim
- Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - P A Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.
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20
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Sorensen MC, Donoso I, Neuschulz EL, Schleuning M, Mueller T. Community‐wide seed dispersal distances peak at low levels of specialisation in size‐structured networks. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Sorensen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
- Dept of Integrative Biology, Univ. of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Isabel Donoso
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt Germany
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Goethe Univ. Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
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21
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Salazar‐Rivera GI, Dáttilo W, Castillo‐Campos G, Flores‐Estévez N, Ramírez García B, Ruelas Inzunza E. The frugivory network properties of a simplified ecosystem: Birds and plants in a Neotropical periurban park. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8579-8591. [PMID: 32884642 PMCID: PMC7452784 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Frugivory networks exhibit a set of properties characterized by a number of network theory-derived metrics. Their structures often form deterministic patterns that can be explained by the functional roles of interacting species. Although we know lots about how these networks are organized when ecosystems are in a complete, functional condition, we know much less about how incomplete and simplified networks (such as those found in urban and periurban parks) are organized, which features are maintained, which ones are not, and why. In this paper, we examine the properties of a network between frugivorous birds and plants in a small Neotropical periurban park. We found a frugivory network composed of 29 species of birds and 23 of plants. The main roles in this network are played by four species of generalist birds (three resident, one migratory: Myiozetetes similis, Turdus grayi, Chlorospingus flavopectus, and Dumetella carolinensis) and three species of plants (one exotic, two early successional: Phoenix canariensis, Phoradendron sp., and Witheringia stramoniifolia). When compared to reference data from other locations in the Neotropics, species richness is low, one important network-level metric is maintained (modularity) whereas another one is not (nestedness). Nestedness, a metric associated with network specialists, is a feature this network lacks. Species-level metrics such as degree, species strength, and module roles, are not maintained. Our work supports modularity as the most pervasive network-level metric of altered habitats. From a successional point of view, our results suggest that properties revealed by species-level indices may be developed at a later time, lagging the acquisition of structural elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de EcoetologíaInstituto de Ecología A.C.XalapaMexico
| | | | - Norma Flores‐Estévez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología AplicadaUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMexico
| | - Brenda Ramírez García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
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22
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Rumeu B, Donoso I, Rodríguez-Pérez J, García D. Frugivore species maintain their structural role in the trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal interactions. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2168-2180. [PMID: 32568426 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Trophic relationships have inherent spatial dimensions associated with the sites where species interactions, or their delayed effects, occur. Trophic networks among interacting species may thus be coupled with spatial networks linking species and habitats whereby animals connect patches across the landscape thanks to their high mobility. This trophic and spatial duality is especially inherent in processes like seed dispersal by animals, where frugivores consume fruit species and deposit seeds across habitats. We analysed the frugivore-plant interactions and seed deposition patterns of a diverse assemblage of frugivores in a heterogeneous landscape in order to determine whether the roles of frugivores in network topology are correlated across trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal. We recorded fruit consumption and seed deposition by birds and mammals during 2 years in the Cantabrian Range (N Spain). We then constructed two networks of trophic (i.e. frugivore-plant) and spatial (i.e. frugivore-seed deposition habitat) interactions and estimated the contributions of each frugivore species to the network structure in terms of nestedness, modularity and complementary specialization. We tested whether the structural role of frugivore species was correlated across the trophic and spatial networks, and evaluated the influence of each frugivore abundance and body mass in that relationship. Both the trophic and the spatial networks were modular and specialized. Trophic modules matched medium-sized birds with fleshy-fruited trees, and small bird and mammals with small-fruit trees and shrubs. Spatial modules associated birds with woody canopies, and mammals with open habitats. Frugivore species maintained their structural role across the trophic and spatial networks of seed dispersal, even after accounting for frugivore abundance and body mass. The modularity found in our system points to complementarity between birds and mammals in the seed dispersal process, a fact that may trigger landscape-scale secondary succession. Our results open up the possibility of predicting the consumption pattern of a diverse frugivore community, and its ecological consequences, from the uneven distribution of fleshy-fruit resources in the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rumeu
- Depto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Donoso
- Depto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Senckenberg Biodiversity Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Pérez
- Depto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Mathematics and its Applications, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
| | - Daniel García
- Depto. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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23
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Drivers of bat roles in Neotropical seed dispersal networks: abundance is more important than functional traits. Oecologia 2020; 193:189-198. [PMID: 32405932 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While functional traits can facilitate or constrain interactions between pair of species in ecological communities, relative abundances regulate the probabilities of encounter among individuals. However, the relative importance of traits and relative abundances for the role species play in seed dispersion networks remains poorly explored. Here, we analyzed 20 Neotropical seed dispersal networks distributed from Mexico to southeastern Brazil to evaluate how relative abundance and functional traits influence bat species' roles in seed dispersal networks. We tested how bat relative abundance and traits relate to species contribution to between-module (c metric) and within-module connectivity (z metric) and their position and potential to mediate indirect effects between species (betweenness centrality). Our results indicate that relative abundance is the main determinant of the role bats play in the networks, while traits such as aspect ratio show modest yet statistically significant importance in predicting specific roles. Moreover, all seed dispersal networks presented two or three superabundant obligatory frugivore species that interacted with a high number of plants. The modest influence of the functional traits on species' roles is likely related to the low variation of morphological traits related to foraging ecology, which reduces the chances of morphological mismatching between consumers and resources in the system. In this scenario, abundant bats have higher chances of encountering resources and being capable of consuming them which leads such species to play critical roles in the community by acting as module hubs and network connectors.
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24
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Baumgartner MT. Connectance and nestedness as stabilizing factors in response to pulse disturbances in adaptive antagonistic networks. J Theor Biol 2020; 486:110073. [PMID: 31705878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how network architectures are related to community robustness is essential to investigating the effects of disturbances on biological systems. Regarding the perturbations that are observed in disturbance regimes, frequency and intensity are two main descriptors, specifically for those events with short duration. Here, I used the architecture of 45 real-world weighted bipartite networks to assess whether network size, connectance, and nestedness are related to the effects of pulse disturbances in antagonistic communities. Networks were simulated under five scenarios with different combinations of frequency and intensity of perturbations. The dynamics of resource-consumer interactions followed the adaptive interaction switching behavior, which is the key topological process underlying most of the architectures of antagonistic webs. As opposed to most studies considering the effects of disturbances as species extinctions explicitly, the effects of disturbances here were modeled as changes in the abundance of consumers following immediate reductions in the abundance of resources. Simulations revealed that community robustness to pulse disturbances increased with both connectance and nestedness overall, with no effect of network size. Community networks with highly connected and nested topologies were more robust to disturbances, particularly under high frequency and intensity perturbations. By considering disturbances that are not directly related to species' extinctions, this study provides valuable insights that connectance and nestedness have an important stabilizing role in ecological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus T Baumgartner
- Graduate Course in Ecology of Freshwater Environments, Department of Biology, Centre for Biological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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25
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Baldwin JW, Dechmann DKN, Thies W, Whitehead SR. Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales. Ecology 2020; 101:e02937. [PMID: 31750543 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The paradoxical presence of toxic chemical compounds in ripe fruits represents a balance between plant enemies and allies: chemical traits can defend seeds against antagonistic herbivores, seed predators, or fungal pathogens, but also can impose costs by repelling mutualistic seed dispersers, although the costs are often difficult to quantify. Seeds gain fitness benefits from traveling far from the parent plant, as they can escape from parental competition and elude specialized herbivores as well as pathogens that accumulate on adult plants. However, seeds are difficult to follow from their parent plant to their final destination. Thus, little is known about the factors that determine seed dispersal distance. We investigated this potential cost of fruit secondary compounds, reduced seed dispersal distance, by combining two data sets from previous work on a Neotropical bat-plant dispersal system (bats in the genus Carollia and plants in the genus Piper). We used data from captive behavioral experiments, which show how amides in ripe fruits of Piper decrease the retention time of seeds and alter food choices. With new analyses, we show that these defensive secondary compounds also delay the time of fruit removal. Next, with a behaviorally annotated bat telemetry data set, we quantified post-feeding movements (i.e., seed dispersal distances). Using generalized additive mixed models we found that seed dispersal distances varied nonlinearly with gut retention times as well as with the time of fruit removal. By interrogating the model predictions, we identified two novel mechanisms by which fruit secondary compounds can impose costs in terms of decreased seed dispersal distances: (1) small-scale reductions in gut retention time and (2) causing fruits to forgo advantageous bat activity peaks that confer high seed dispersal distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Baldwin
- Department of Public Health, School of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Wibke Thies
- Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH), Eschborn, 65760, Germany
| | - Susan R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, MC 0390, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
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26
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Morán‐López T, González‐Castro A, Morales JM, Nogales M. Behavioural complementarity among frugivorous birds and lizards can promote plant diversity in island ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Morán‐López
- Grupo de Ecología Cuantitativa INIBIOMA‐CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue San Carlos De Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina
| | | | - Juan Manuel Morales
- Grupo de Ecología Cuantitativa INIBIOMA‐CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue San Carlos De Bariloche Rio Negro Argentina
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (CSIC‐IPNA) La Laguna Spain
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27
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de Aguiar MAM, Newman EA, Pires MM, Yeakel JD, Boettiger C, Burkle LA, Gravel D, Guimarães PR, O'Donnell JL, Poisot T, Fortin MJ, Hembry DH. Revealing biases in the sampling of ecological interaction networks. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7566. [PMID: 31534845 PMCID: PMC6727833 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of ecological interactions is commonly understood through analyses of interaction networks. However, these analyses may be sensitive to sampling biases with respect to both the interactors (the nodes of the network) and interactions (the links between nodes), because the detectability of species and their interactions is highly heterogeneous. These ecological and statistical issues directly affect ecologists’ abilities to accurately construct ecological networks. However, statistical biases introduced by sampling are difficult to quantify in the absence of full knowledge of the underlying ecological network’s structure. To explore properties of large-scale ecological networks, we developed the software EcoNetGen, which constructs and samples networks with predetermined topologies. These networks may represent a wide variety of communities that vary in size and types of ecological interactions. We sampled these networks with different mathematical sampling designs that correspond to methods used in field observations. The observed networks generated by each sampling process were then analyzed with respect to the number of components, size of components and other network metrics. We show that the sampling effort needed to estimate underlying network properties depends strongly both on the sampling design and on the underlying network topology. In particular, networks with random or scale-free modules require more complete sampling to reveal their structure, compared to networks whose modules are nested or bipartite. Overall, modules with nested structure were the easiest to detect, regardless of the sampling design used. Sampling a network starting with any species that had a high degree (e.g., abundant generalist species) was consistently found to be the most accurate strategy to estimate network structure. Because high-degree species tend to be generalists, abundant in natural communities relative to specialists, and connected to each other, sampling by degree may therefore be common but unintentional in empirical sampling of networks. Conversely, sampling according to module (representing different interaction types or taxa) results in a rather complete view of certain modules, but fails to provide a complete picture of the underlying network. To reduce biases introduced by sampling methods, we recommend that these findings be incorporated into field design considerations for projects aiming to characterize large species interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A M de Aguiar
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mathias M Pires
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Justin D Yeakel
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Carl Boettiger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James L O'Donnell
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothée Poisot
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David H Hembry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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28
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Pinheiro RBP, Felix GMF, Dormann CF, Mello MAR. A new model explaining the origin of different topologies in interaction networks. Ecology 2019; 100:e02796. [PMID: 31232470 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nestedness and modularity have been recurrently observed in species interaction networks. Some studies argue that those topologies result from selection against unstable networks, and others propose that they likely emerge from processes driving the interactions between pairs of species. Here we present a model that simulates the evolution of consumer species using resource species following simple rules derived from the integrative hypothesis of specialization (IHS). Without any selection on stability, our model reproduced all commonly observed network topologies. Our simulations demonstrate that resource heterogeneity drives network topology. On the one hand, systems containing only homogeneous resources form generalized nested networks, in which generalist consumers have higher performance on each resource than specialists. On the other hand, heterogeneous systems tend to have a compound topology: modular with internally nested modules, in which generalists that divide their interactions between modules have low performance. Our results demonstrate that all real-world topologies likely emerge through processes driving interactions between pairs of species. Additionally, our simulations suggest that networks containing similar species differ from heterogeneous networks and that modules may not present the topology of entire networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B P Pinheiro
- Graduate School in Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M F Felix
- Graduate School in Ecology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marco A R Mello
- Graduate School in Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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30
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García-Ruiz M, Ruán-Tejeda I, Zuloaga-Aguilar MS, Íñiguez-Dávalos LI. Characterization of endozoochorous dispersal of pitayo Stenocereus queretaroensis, in Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1423114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam García-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, México
| | - Irma Ruán-Tejeda
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, México
| | - Martha S. Zuloaga-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, México
| | - Luis I. Íñiguez-Dávalos
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, México
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31
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Cirtwill AR, Dalla Riva GV, Gaiarsa MP, Bimler MD, Cagua EF, Coux C, Dehling DM. A review of species role concepts in food webs. FOOD WEBS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Castaño JH, Carranza JA, Pérez-Torres J. Diet and trophic structure in assemblages of montane frugivorous phyllostomid bats. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Landi P, Minoarivelo HO, Brännström Å, Hui C, Dieckmann U. Complexity and stability of ecological networks: a review of the theory. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Landi
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Henintsoa O. Minoarivelo
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical SciencesWits UniversityJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Åke Brännström
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical and Physical BiosciencesAfrican Institute for Mathematical SciencesMuizenbergSouth Africa
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
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34
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Rodríguez-Herrera B, Rodríguez ME, Otárola MF. Ecological Networks between Tent-Roosting Bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) and the Plants Used in a Neotropical Rainforest. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Melissa E. Rodríguez
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Fernández Otárola
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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35
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Strong specificity and network modularity at a very fine phylogenetic scale in the lichen genus Peltigera. Oecologia 2018; 187:767-782. [PMID: 29761320 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the drivers and evolutionary consequences of species interactions is a major goal of community ecology. Network-based analyses can provide mathematical tools to detect non-random patterns of interactions, and potentially help predicting the consequences of such patterns on evolutionary dynamics of symbiotic systems. Here, we characterize the structure of a lichen network at a very fine phylogenetic scale, by identifying the photosynthetic partners (i.e., cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc) of lichenized fungi belonging to a monophyletic section of a single genus (i.e., section Polydactylon of the genus Peltigera), worldwide. Even at such a fine phylogenetic scale, we found that interactions were highly modular and anti-nested, indicating strong preferences in interactions. When considering local Peltigera communities, i.e., datasets at small spatial scales with only a slightly broader phylogenetic range, interactions remained modular but were asymmetric, with generalist Nostoc partners interacting with specialized Peltigera species. This asymmetry was not detected with our global spatial scale dataset. We discuss these results in the light of lichen community assembly, and explore how such interaction patterns may influence coevolution in lichens and the evolutionary stability of the mutualism in general.
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de Almeida A, Morris RJ, Lewis OT, Mikich SB. Complementary roles of two resilient neotropical mammalian seed dispersers. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dáttilo W, Lara-Rodríguez N, Jordano P, Guimarães PR, Thompson JN, Marquis RJ, Medeiros LP, Ortiz-Pulido R, Marcos-García MA, Rico-Gray V. Unravelling Darwin's entangled bank: architecture and robustness of mutualistic networks with multiple interaction types. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1564. [PMID: 27881755 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trying to unravel Darwin's entangled bank further, we describe the architecture of a network involving multiple forms of mutualism (pollination by animals, seed dispersal by birds and plant protection by ants) and evaluate whether this multi-network shows evidence of a structure that promotes robustness. We found that species differed strongly in their contributions to the organization of the multi-interaction network, and that only a few species contributed to the structuring of these patterns. Moreover, we observed that the multi-interaction networks did not enhance community robustness compared with each of the three independent mutualistic networks when analysed across a range of simulated scenarios of species extinction. By simulating the removal of highly interacting species, we observed that, overall, these species enhance network nestedness and robustness, but decrease modularity. We discuss how the organization of interlinked mutualistic networks may be essential for the maintenance of ecological communities, and therefore the long-term ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interactive, species-rich communities. We suggest that conserving these keystone mutualists and their interactions is crucial to the persistence of species-rich mutualistic assemblages, mainly because they support other species and shape the network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Nubia Lara-Rodríguez
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paulo R Guimarães
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John N Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Robert J Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
| | - Lucas P Medeiros
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Ortiz-Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42001, Mexico
| | - Maria A Marcos-García
- Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Victor Rico-Gray
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Almeida AD, Mikich SB. Combining plant-frugivore networks for describing the structure of neotropical communities. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Inst. de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Univ. Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000; São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
- Bioenv Monitoramento Ambiental, Rua Pilulares 17, 29199-072; Aracruz ES Brazil
| | - Sandra Bos Mikich
- Embrapa Florestas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária; Colombo PR Brazil
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Dormann CF, Fründ J, Schaefer HM. Identifying Causes of Patterns in Ecological Networks: Opportunities and Limitations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological networks depict the interactions between species, mainly based on observations in the field. The information contained in such interaction matrices depends on the sampling design, and typically, compounds preferences (specialization) and abundances (activity). Null models are the primary vehicles to disentangle the effects of specialization from those of sampling and abundance, but they ignore the feedback of network structure on abundances. Hence, network structure, as exemplified here by modularity, is difficult to link to specific causes. Indeed, various processes lead to modularity and to specific interaction patterns more generally. Inferring (co)evolutionary dynamics is even more challenging, as competition and trait matching yield identical patterns of interactions. A satisfactory resolution of the underlying factors determining network structure will require substantial additional information, not only on independently assessed abundances, but also on traits, and ideally on fitness consequences as measured in experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
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Zapata-Mesa N, Montoya-Bustamante S, Murillo-García OE. Temporal variation in bat-fruit interactions: Foraging strategies influence network structure over time. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fagundes R, Antonini Y, Aguiar LMS. Overlap in Cave Usage and Period of Activity as Factors Structuring the Interactions between Bats and Ectoparasites. Zool Stud 2017; 56:e22. [PMID: 31966221 PMCID: PMC6517740 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2017.56-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Roberth Fagundes, Yasmine Antonini, and Ludmilla MS Aguiar (2017) Bats perform important ecosystem services such as pollination and seed dispersal. Bats are also hosts to obligate ectoparasites, which influence their behavior and, thus, compromise their ecosystem functions. Therefore, the study of the bat-ectoparasitic interaction network and its driven factors is basic for understanding variation in the ecosystem services provided by bats. In this study, we evaluated the structure of the network of interactions between bats and their ectoparasite arthropods, testing the roles of overlap in cave usage and period of activity as factors structuring the interactions. We conducted the study in caves within the Cerrado ecosystem near Brasília, Brazil. Our results show that the bat-ectoparasite network has a modular pattern and is highly specialized. The observed pattern was explained by the greater probability of transmission of ectoparasites among bats sharing the same cave during the same period of the year. Furthermore, our data showed that the rate of bat infestation by different ectoparasite species is related to the degree of exposure of bats according to their abundance and activity period, but not with the number of caves used to roost. Thus, we believe that the frequency of activity and encounters between bats, and therefore the rate of ectoparasite transmission, is an important regulatory mechanism of bat-ectoparasite networks. This ecological mechanism may facilitate the formation of specific interactions by spatial and temporal segregation and co-evolution of parasite species among groups of roosting bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberth Fagundes
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da
Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Acarape, CE, 62785-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Antonini
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da
Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Acarape, CE, 62785-000, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla MS Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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Rumeu B, Devoto M, Traveset A, Olesen JM, Vargas P, Nogales M, Heleno R. Predicting the consequences of disperser extinction: richness matters the most when abundance is low. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rumeu
- Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences Calçada Martim de Freitas University of Coimbra 3000‐456 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de Buenos Aires Av. San Martín 4453 C1417DSE Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC‐UIB) Terrestrial Ecology Group C/Miquel Marqués 21 07190‐Esporles Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University DK‐8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Royal Botanical Garden Madrid (CSIC‐RJB) Plaza de Murillo, 2 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (CSIC‐IPNA) 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences Calçada Martim de Freitas University of Coimbra 3000‐456 Coimbra Portugal
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Sebastián‐González E, Pires MM, Donatti CI, Guimarães PR, Dirzo R. Species traits and interaction rules shape a species-rich seed-dispersal interaction network. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4496-4506. [PMID: 28649359 PMCID: PMC5478084 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Species phenotypic traits affect the interaction patterns and the organization of seed-dispersal interaction networks. Understanding the relationship between species characteristics and network structure help us understand the assembly of natural communities and how communities function. Here, we examine how species traits may affect the rules leading to patterns of interaction among plants and fruit-eating vertebrates. We study a species-rich seed-dispersal system using a model selection approach to examine whether the rules underlying network structure are driven by constraints in fruit resource exploitation, by preferential consumption of fruits by the frugivores, or by a combination of both. We performed analyses for the whole system and for bird and mammal assemblages separately, and identified the animal and plant characteristics shaping interaction rules. The structure of the analyzed interaction network was better explained by constraints in resource exploitation in the case of birds and by preferential consumption of fruits with specific traits for mammals. These contrasting results when looking at bird-plant and mammal-plant interactions suggest that the same type of interaction is organized by different processes depending on the assemblage we focus on. Size-related restrictions of the interacting species (both for mammals and birds) were the most important factors driving the interaction rules. Our results suggest that the structure of seed-dispersal interaction networks can be explained using species traits and interaction rules related to simple ecological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sebastián‐González
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Present address: Department of Applied BiologyMiguel Hernández UniversityElcheSpain
| | - Mathias M. Pires
- Departamento de EcologiaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Camila I. Donatti
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- The Betty and Gordon Moore Center for ScienceConservation InternationalArlingtonVAUSA
| | | | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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Sebastián-González E. Drivers of species' role in avian seed-dispersal mutualistic networks. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:878-887. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sebastián-González
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária CEP 05508-900 São Paulo SP Brazil
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Chazdon RL, Guariguata MR. Natural regeneration as a tool for large‐scale forest restoration in the tropics: prospects and challenges. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, 06269‐3043 Storrs CT USA
- International Institute for Sustainability Estrada Dona Castorina 124 Horto, 22460‐320 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Manuel R. Guariguata
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Av. La Molina 1895 La Molina Lima Perú
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Dehling DM, Jordano P, Schaefer HM, Böhning-Gaese K, Schleuning M. Morphology predicts species' functional roles and their degree of specialization in plant-frugivore interactions. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.2444. [PMID: 26817779 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species' functional roles in key ecosystem processes such as predation, pollination or seed dispersal are determined by the resource use of consumer species. An interaction between resource and consumer species usually requires trait matching (e.g. a congruence in the morphologies of interaction partners). Species' morphology should therefore determine species' functional roles in ecological processes mediated by mutualistic or antagonistic interactions. We tested this assumption for Neotropical plant-bird mutualisms. We used a new analytical framework that assesses a species's functional role based on the analysis of the traits of its interaction partners in a multidimensional trait space. We employed this framework to test (i) whether there is correspondence between the morphology of bird species and their functional roles and (ii) whether morphologically specialized birds fulfil specialized functional roles. We found that morphological differences between bird species reflected their functional differences: (i) bird species with different morphologies foraged on distinct sets of plant species and (ii) morphologically distinct bird species fulfilled specialized functional roles. These findings encourage further assessments of species' functional roles through the analysis of their interaction partners, and the proposed analytical framework facilitates a wide range of novel analyses for network and community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matthias Dehling
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC-EBD), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, Isla de La Cartuja, E41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - H Martin Schaefer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology,Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany Department of Biological Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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Modularity in ecological networks between frugivorous birds and congeneric plant species. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467416000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Ecological and evolutionary factors influence the presence of modules in species interaction networks, and these modules usually cluster functional similar species. But whether closely related species form modules is still unknown. We tested whether the interaction networks formed by frugivorous birds and Miconia plants are modular and evaluated how modules were divided. To do so, we gathered from the literature data concerning four networks of Miconia and their frugivorous birds (three from Brazilian savanna and one from a rain forest in Panama). We quantified modularity using binary and weighted algorithms and also tested the relationship between bird traits (body mass, dietary specialization, migratory behaviour and phylogeny) in relation to within- and among-module connectivity indices (c and z values). If considering only binary information, networks did not present distinct modular structure. Nevertheless, by including interaction strength, modules can be detected in all four Miconia-bird networks. None of the bird traits, however, was related with the connectivity indices. The possible fluctuation of frugivorous bird abundance coupled with the asynchronic fruiting period of Miconia might favour the formation of temporal modules comprising birds and plant species with phenological overlap, ensuring seed dispersal and facilitating the coexistence in sympatry. Bird traits had little effect on the role that each species plays within the modular network, probably because the frugivorous assemblages were dominated by small-bodied and opportunistic species.
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Pinheiro RBP, Félix GMF, Chaves AV, Lacorte GA, Santos FR, Braga ÉM, Mello MAR. Trade-offs and resource breadth processes as drivers of performance and specificity in a host-parasite system: a new integrative hypothesis. Int J Parasitol 2015; 46:115-21. [PMID: 26552015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the unresolved issues in the ecology of parasites is the relationship between host specificity and performance. Previous studies tested this relationship in different systems and obtained all possible outcomes. This led to the proposal of two hypotheses to explain conflicting results: the trade-off and resource breadth hypotheses, which are treated as mutually exclusive in the literature and were corroborated by different studies. In the present study, we used an extensive database on avian malaria from Brazil and combined analyses based on specificity indices and network theory, in order to test which of those hypotheses might best explain our model system. Contrary to our expectations, there was no correlation between specificity and prevalence, which contradicts both hypotheses. In addition, we detected a strong modular structure in our host-parasite network and found that its modules were not composed of geographically close, but of phylogenetically close, host species. Based on our results, we reached the conclusion that trade-off and resource breadth hypotheses are not really mutually exclusive. As a conceptual solution we propose "The Integrative Hypothesis of Parasite Specialization", a novel theoretical model that explains the contradictory results found in our study and reported to date in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel M F Félix
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson V Chaves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Lacorte
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus Bambuí, Bambuí, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érika M Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco A R Mello
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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50
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Ruggera RA, Blendinger PG, Gomez MD, Marshak C. Linking structure and functionality in mutualistic networks: do core frugivores disperse more seeds than peripheral species? OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Román A. Ruggera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Inst. de Ecología Regional, Univ. Nacional de Tucumán; C.C. 34, AR-4107 Yerba Buena Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sustentable, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nacional de Jujuy; Alberdi 47 AR-4600 San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Inst. de Ecología Regional, Univ. Nacional de Tucumán; C.C. 34, AR-4107 Yerba Buena Tucumán Argentina
| | - M. Daniela Gomez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sustentable, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nacional de Jujuy; Alberdi 47 AR-4600 San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | - Charlie Marshak
- Dept of Mathematics; Univ. of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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