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Lin YZ, Chen QQ, Qiu YF, Xie RR, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li JB, Han YH. Spartina alterniflora invasion altered phosphorus retention and microbial phosphate solubilization of the Minjiang estuary wetland in southeastern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120817. [PMID: 38593740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Spartina alterniflora invasion is considered a critical event affecting sediment phosphorus (P) availability and stock. However, P retention and microbial phosphate solubilization in the sediments invaded with or without S. alterniflora have not been fully investigated. In this study, a sequential fractionation method and high-throughput sequencing were used to analyze P transformation and the underlying microbial mechanisms in the sediments of no plant (NP) zone, transition (T) zone, and plant (P) zone. Results showed that except for organic phosphate (OP), total phosphate (TP), inorganic phosphate (IP), and available phosphate (AP) all followed a significant decrease trend from the NP site to the T site, and to the P site. The vertical decrease of TP, IP, and AP was also observed with an increase in soil depth. Among the six IP fractions, Fe-P, Oc-P, and Ca10-P were the predominant forms, while the presence of S. alterniflora resulted in an obvious P depletion except for Ca8-P and Al-P. Although S. alterniflora invasion did not significantly alter the alpha diversity of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) harboring phoD gene, several PSB belonging to p_Proteobacteria, p_Planctomycetes, and p_Cyanobacteriota showed close correlations with P speciation and IP fractions. Further correlation analysis revealed that the reduced soil pH, soil TN and soil EC, and the increased soil TOC mediated by the invasion of S. alterniflora also significantly correlated to these PSB. Overall, this study elucidates the linkage between PSB and P speciation and provides new insights into understanding P retention and microbial P transformation in the coastal sediment invaded by S. alterniflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Qi-Qi Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Fan Qiu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China; College of Carbon Neutral Modem Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-Bing Li
- College of Carbon Neutral Modem Industry, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Yong-He Han
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, Fujian, China.
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2
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Meng Y, Geng X, Zhu P, Bai X, Zhang P, Ni G, Hou Y. Enhanced mutualism: A promotional effect driven by bacteria during the early invasion of Phytolacca americana. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2742. [PMID: 36107405 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced mutualism hypothesis postulates that invasive plants promote self-growth by enriching beneficial microbes to establish a positive soil feedback. However, the roles of soil microorganisms may vary with increasing time for plant growth. Research on changes in soil microbial communities over time has important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying plant invasion. Due to the difficulty in evaluating the duration of plant growth, few studies have quantified the changes in soil microorganisms with increasing plant age. This study focuses on the invasive weed Phytolacca americana L., which has growth rings in the main root. We conducted a two-stage experiment in the field and greenhouse to explore the soil feedback changes with duration of plant growth. We determined the effects of P. americana at different ages on the soil microbial community and soil properties and performed a soil inoculation experiment to quantify the influence of soil microbes on seed germination and seedling performance. We found that the content of some soil nutrients, namely total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate-N, and available phosphorus, significantly decreased with increasing growth age of P. americana, whereas the available potassium showed an opposite increasing trend. The P. americana growth age also significantly influenced the soil bacterial community structure. However, this phenomenon did not occur in the fungal community. In the bacterial community, the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting bacteria showed an increasing trend. The soil inoculation experiment had high seed germination rates and biomass accumulation when the plants were grown in conditioned soil from P. americana growth within 5 years, suggesting a positive plant-soil feedback. However, the promoting effect disappeared in conditioned soil from 10 years of age. Our findings demonstrate that plant growth-promoting bacteria significantly accumulated in the soil during the early stages of P. americana invasion, and that the strength of enhanced positive feedback may play a crucial role in facilitating P. americana invasion. This study highlights the changing nature of plant-microbe interactions during biological invasion and illustrates how bacteria could contribute to the initial success of P. americana, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinze Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinfu Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Nawaz M, Lian J, Liu S, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Du D, Ren G. Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 38202380 PMCID: PMC10780853 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The legacy effects of invasive plant species can hinder the recovery of native communities, especially under nitrogen deposition conditions, where invasive species show growth advantages and trigger secondary invasions in controlled areas. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the effects of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions and their mechanisms. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: (1) Nitrogen deposition amplifies the legacy effects of plant invasion. This phenomenon was investigated by analysing four potential mechanisms covering community system structure, nitrogen metabolism, geochemical cycles, and microbial mechanisms. The results suggest that microorganisms drive plant-soil feedback processes, even regulating or limiting other factors. (2) The impact of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions may be intensified primarily through enhanced nitrogen metabolism via microbial anaerobes bacteria. Essential insights into invasion ecology and ecological management have been provided by analysing how nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve nitrogen metabolism and establish sustainable methods for controlling invasive plant species. This in-depth study contributes to our better understanding of the lasting effects of plant invasions on ecosystems and provides valuable guidance for future ecological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Cui
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haochen Yu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xue Fan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junjie Lian
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shihong Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhaoqi Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guangqian Ren
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (M.N.); (Z.Z.)
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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4
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Chen Y, Lu Y, Xu J, Feng Y, Li X. Antibiotics and their associations with antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities in estuarine and coastal sediment of Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115539. [PMID: 37714074 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic concentrations spanned from 11.2 to 173.8 ng/g, with quinolones and tetracyclines being observed to be prevalent. The amount of microbial biomass as determined by Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) ranged from 2.92 to 10.99 mg kg-1, with G- bacteria dominating. A total of 254 distinct ARGs and 10 MEGs were identified, with multidrug ARGs having the highest relative abundance (1.18 × 10-2 to 3.00 × 10-1 copies/16S rRNA gene copies), while vancomycin and sulfonamide resistance genes were the least abundant. Results from canonical-correlation analyses combined with redundancy analysis indicated that macrolides were significantly related to the shifts of microbial community structure in sediments, particularly in G+ bacteria that were more sensitive to antibiotic residues. It was observed that sulfonamide ARGs had a greater correlation with residual antibiotics than other ARGs. This study provided a field evidence that multiple residual antibiotics from coastal sites could cause fundamental shifts in microbial community and their associated ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rural Environmental Remediation and Waste Recycling (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, 362000, Quanzhou 362000, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China.
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rural Environmental Remediation and Waste Recycling (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, 362000, Quanzhou 362000, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Rural Environmental Remediation and Waste Recycling (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, 362000, Quanzhou 362000, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China
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5
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DiManno N, Ostertag R, Uowolo A, Durham A, Blakemore K, Cordell S, Vitousek P. Functional trait-based restoration alters nutrient cycling and invasion rates in Hawaiian lowland wet forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2894. [PMID: 37282355 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many degraded ecosystems have altered nutrient dynamics due to invaders' possessing a suite of traits that allow them to both outcompete native species and alter the environment. In ecosystems where invasive species have increased nutrient turnover rates, it can be difficult to reduce nutrient availability. This study examined whether a functional trait-based restoration approach involving the planting of species with conservative nutrient-use traits could slow rates of nutrient cycling and consequently reduce rates of invasion. We examined a functional trait restoration initiative in a heavily invaded lowland wet forest site in Hilo, Hawai'i. Native and introduced species were chosen to create four experimental hybrid forest communities, in comparison to the invaded forest, with a factorial design in which communities varied in rates of carbon turnover (slow or moderate [SLOW, MOD]), and in the relationship of species in trait space (redundant or complementary [RED, COMP]). After the first 5 years, we evaluated community-level outcomes related to nutrient cycling: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) via litterfall, litter decomposition, and outplant productivity and rates of invasion. We found that (1) regardless of treatment, the experimental communities had low rates of nutrient cycling through litterfall relative to the invaded reference forest, (2) the MOD communities had greater nutrient release via litterfall than the SLOW communities, (3) introduced species had greater nutrient release than native species in the two MOD experimental communities, and (4) within treatments, there was a positive relationship between nutrient levels and outplant basal area, but outplant basal area was negatively associated with rates of invasion. The negative relationships among basal area and weed invasion, particularly for the two COMP treatments, suggest species existing in different parts of trait space may help confer some degree of invasion resistance. The diversification of trait space was facilitated by the use of introduced species, a new concept in Hawaiian forest management. Although challenges remain in endeavors to restore this heavily degraded ecosystem, this study provides evidence that functional trait-based restoration approaches using carefully crafted hybrid communities can reduce rates of nutrient cycling and invasion in order to reach management goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole DiManno
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Amanda Uowolo
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Amy Durham
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kaikea Blakemore
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Peter Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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6
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Afzal MR, Naz M, Ashraf W, Du D. The Legacy of Plant Invasion: Impacts on Soil Nitrification and Management Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2980. [PMID: 37631191 PMCID: PMC10458916 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions can have long-lasting impacts on soil nitrification, which plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and plant growth. This review examines the legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, context dependence, and implications for management. We synthesize literature on the positive, negative and neutral legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification, highlighting the complexity of these effects and the need for further research to fully understand them. Positive legacy effects include increased soil microbial biomass or activity, potentially enhancing nutrient availability for plants. However, negative legacy effects, like reduced nitrifier abundance, can result in decreased soil nitrification rates and nutrient availability. In some cases, changes to nitrification during active invasion appear transitory after the removal of invasive plants, indicating neutral short-term legacies. We discuss the context dependence of legacy effects considering factors, including location, specific invasive plant species, and other environmental conditions. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these legacy effects for management and restoration strategies, such as the removal or control of invasive plants, and potential approaches for restoring ecosystems with legacy effects on soil nitrification. Finally, we highlight future research directions, including further investigation into the mechanisms and context dependence of legacy effects, and the role of plant-microbe interactions. Overall, this review provides insights into the legacy effects of plant invasion on soil nitrification and their implications for ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rahil Afzal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Waqas Ashraf
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Punjab 38850, Pakistan;
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
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7
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Javed Q, Sun J, Rutherford S, Li J, Iqbal B, Xiang Y, Ren G, He F, Pan L, Bo Y, Khattak WA, Du D. Soil pollution and the invasion of congener Sphagneticola in crop lands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:118013. [PMID: 37121005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The input of agro-pollutants, such as microplastics and nanopesticides, on farmlands is widespread and may facilitate biological invasions in agroecosystems. Here, the effects of agro-pollutants that promote invasion of congener species is studied by examining the growth performance of native Sphagneticola calendulacea and its invasive congener, S. trilobata, when grown in a native only, invasive only and mixed community. Sphagneticola calendulacea naturally occurs in croplands in southern China, while S. trilobata was introduced to this region and has since naturalized, encroaching onto farmland. In our study, each plant community was subjected to the following treatments: control, microplastics only, nanopesticides only, and both microplastics and nanopesticides. The effects of the treatments on soils of each plant community were also examined. We found that aboveground, belowground, and photosynthetic traits of S. calendulacea were significantly inhibited by the combined microplastics and nanopesticides treatment in the native and mixed communities. The relative advantage index of S. trilobata was 69.90% and 74.73% higher under the microplastics only and nanopesticides only treatments respectively compared to S. calendulacea. Soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, gas emission rates, and chemicals in each community were reduced when treated with both microplastics and nanopesticides. Yet, soil microbial biomass of carbon and nitrogen, CO2 emission rates and nitrous oxide rates were significantly higher (56.08%, 58.33%, 36.84% and 49.95% respectively) in the invasive species community than in the native species community under microplastics and nanopesticides. Our results suggest that the addition of agro-pollutants to soils favors the more resistant S. trilobata and suppresses the less tolerant S. calendulacea. Soil properties from the native species community are also more impacted by agro-pollutants than substrates supporting the invasive species. Future studies should explore the effects of agro-pollutants by comparing other invasive and native species and considering human activities, industry, and the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Javed
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Susan Rutherford
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guangqian Ren
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feng He
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Linxuan Pan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanwen Bo
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wajid Ali Khattak
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Graham EB, Knelman JE. Implications of Soil Microbial Community Assembly for Ecosystem Restoration: Patterns, Process, and Potential. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:809-819. [PMID: 36735065 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While it is now widely accepted that microorganisms provide essential functions in restoration ecology, the nature of relationships between microbial community assembly and ecosystem recovery remains unclear. There has been a longstanding challenge to decipher whether microorganisms facilitate or simply follow ecosystem recovery, and evidence for each is mixed at best. We propose that understanding microbial community assembly processes is critical to understanding the role of microorganisms during ecosystem restoration and thus optimizing management strategies. We examine how the connection between environment, community structure, and function is fundamentally underpinned by the processes governing community assembly of these microbial communities. We review important factors to consider in evaluating microbial community structure in the context of ecosystem recovery as revealed in studies of microbial succession: (1) variation in community assembly processes, (2) linkages to ecosystem function, and (3) measurable microbial community attributes. We seek to empower restoration ecology with microbial assembly and successional understandings that can generate actionable insights and vital contexts for ecosystem restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Graham
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Joseph E Knelman
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Abbas AM, Soliman WS, Alomran MM, Alotaibi NM, Novak SJ. Four Invasive Plant Species in Southwest Saudi Arabia Have Variable Effects on Soil Dynamics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1231. [PMID: 36986920 PMCID: PMC10058728 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the direction and magnitude of change in soil dynamics caused by invasive plant species has proven to be difficult because these changes are often reported to be species- and habitat-specific. This study was conducted to determine changes in three soil properties, eight soil ions, and seven soil microelements under established stands of four invasive plants, Prosopis juliflora, Ipomoea carnea, Leucaena leucocephala, and Opuntia ficus-indica. Soil properties, ions, and microelements were measured in sites invaded by these four species in southwest Saudi Arabia, and these values were compared to the results for the same 18 parameters from adjacent sites with native vegetation. Because this study was conducted in an arid ecosystem, we predict that these four invasive plants will significantly alter the soil properties, ions, and microelements in the areas they invaded. While the soils of sites with the four invasive plant species generally had higher values for soil properties and ions compared to sites with native vegetation, in most instances these differences were not statistically significant. However, the soils within sites invaded by I. carnea, L. leucocephala, and P. juliflora had statistically significant differences for some soil parameters. For sites invaded by O. puntia ficus-indica, no soil properties, ions, or microelements were significantly different compared to adjacent sites with native vegetation. Sites invaded by the four plant species generally exhibited differences in the 11 soil properties, but in no instance were these differences statistically significant. All three soil properties and one soil ion (Ca) were significantly different across the four stands of native vegetation. For the seven soil microelements, significantly different values were detected for Co and Ni, but only among stands of the four invasive plant species. These results indicate that the four invasive plant species altered soil properties, ions, and microelements, but for most of the parameters we assessed, not significantly. Our results do not support our initial prediction, but are in general agreement with previous published findings, which indicate that the effects of invasive plants on soil dynamics vary idiosyncratically among invasive species and among invaded habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Wagdi S. Soliman
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Maryam M. Alomran
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Nahaa M. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Stephen J. Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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10
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Barrón-Sandoval A, Martiny JBH, Pérez-Carbajal T, Bullock SH, Leija A, Hernández G, Escalante AE. Functional significance of microbial diversity in arid soils: biological soil crusts and nitrogen fixation as a model system. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6998555. [PMID: 36690342 PMCID: PMC9923382 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities respond to changes in environmental conditions; however, how compositional shifts affect ecosystem processes is still not well-understood and it is often assumed that different microbial communities will function equally under similar environmental conditions. We evaluated this assumption of functional redundancy using biological soil crusts (BSCs) from two arid ecosystems in Mexico with contrasting climate conditions (hot and cold deserts) following an experimental approach both in the field (reciprocal transplants) and in laboratory conditions (common garden), focusing on the community's composition and potential for nitrogen fixation. Potential of nitrogen fixation was assessed through the acetylene reduction assay. Community composition and diversity was determined with T-RFLPs of nifH gene, high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and metagenomic libraries. BSCs tended to show higher potential nitrogen fixation rates when experiencing temperatures more similar to their native environment. Moreover, changes in potential nitrogen fixation, taxonomic and functional community composition, and diversity often depended on an interactive effect of origin of the communities and the environment they experienced. We interpret our results as legacy effects that result from ecological specialization of the BSC communities to their native environment. Overall, we present evidence of nonfunctional redundancy of BSCs in terms of nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Barrón-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 014510, Mexico,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92627, United States
| | - Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92627, United States
| | - Teresa Pérez-Carbajal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 014510, Mexico
| | - Stephen H Bullock
- Department of Conservation Biology, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ctra. Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Ensenada, 22860 Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Leija
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av, Universidad 1001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av, Universidad 1001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana E Escalante
- Corresponding author: Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad (LANCIS), Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior s/n, junto al Jardín Botánico, Coyacán, Mexico City, 04510. Mexico. Tel: +52(55)5623-7714; E-mail:
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11
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Cowan JA, Grady KC, Dijkstra P, Schwartz E, Gehring CA. Invasive and native grasses exert negative plant-soil feedbacks on the woody shrub Artemisia tridentata. Oecologia 2022; 199:1007-1019. [PMID: 35969273 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Displacement of diverse native plant communities by low-diversity invasive communities is a global problem. In the western United States, the displacement of sagebrush-dominated communities by cheatgrass has increased since the 1920s. Restoration outcomes are poor, potentially due to soil alteration by cheatgrass. We explored the poorly understood role of plant-soil feedbacks in the dominance of cheatgrass in a greenhouse study where uninvaded sagebrush soils were conditioned with either cheatgrass, a native bunchgrass or sagebrush. Sagebrush seedlings were grown in the soils that remained following the removal of conditioning plants. We expected cheatgrass to strongly suppress sagebrush due to a change in belowground microbial communities, conspecifics to have neutral effects and the native bunchgrass to have intermediate effects as it coevolved with sagebrush but belongs to a different functional group. We assessed the effects of conditioning on sagebrush growth, tissue nutrients, and carbon allocation. We also characterized the abundance, diversity and community composition of root microbial associates. Cheatgrass strongly suppressed sagebrush growth at high and low conditioning densities, the native bunchgrass showed suppression at high conditioning densities only and conspecific effects were neutral. Tissue nutrients, amount of root colonization by soil fungi or root microbial community composition were not associated with these plant-soil feedbacks. Although we did not identify the precise mechanism, our results provide key evidence that rapid soil alteration by cheatgrass results in negative plant-soil feedbacks on sagebrush growth. These feedbacks likely contribute to cheatgrass dominance and the poor success of sagebrush restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Cowan
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
| | - Kevin C Grady
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
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12
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Zheng L, Ma X, Lang D, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang L, Zhang X. Encapsulation of Bacillus pumilus G5 from polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium alginate (PVA-SA) and its implications in improving plant growth and soil fertility under drought and salt soil conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:231-243. [PMID: 35395281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses adversely affect the growth and yield of plants in agricultural production. Bacillus pumilus, an important plant growth-promoting bacterium, play a significant role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, B. pumilus G5 were immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium alginate (PVA-SA) microbeads and then applied on the Pharbitis nil under drought and salt stresses by pot experiment. Orthogonal array experiments showed that the optimal immobilization conditions of PVA-SA immobilized G5 microbeads were adsorbent 6.0%, PVA: SA 1:1 (3.0%), CaCl2 4.0%, and bacterium: embedding agent (PVA-SA) 3:4; And the G5 microbeads produced at the optimal condition exhibited better cultivable bacteria count, encapsulation rate, expansion rate and mechanical strength. Pot experiment showed that G5 microbeads significantly increased the length and diameter of root and stem, and dry weight of P. nil during experimental stage under drought and salt stress. G5 microbeads also increased the total cultivable bacteria population, the activities of invertase (INV), urease (URE), phosphatase (PHO) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) in the rhizosphere soil of P. nil. Therefore, our study obtained the optimal process of G5 microbeads, and confirmed its effect on improved plant growth and soil chemical and biological properties of P. nil. Thus it can be used as sustainable tool for eco-friendly bio-inoculants at salinity soil within arid and semi-arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lanmeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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13
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Abstract
Plant invasion is significantly affected by environmental factors in the recipient habitats and affects the stability and sustainable development of society. The invasiveness of alien plants may be increased by anthropogenic-mediated disturbances, such as fluctuations in nutrients caused by excessive emissions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). To improve our understanding of the interactions between N and P fluctuations and invasive alien plants, the current report focuses on the biogeochemical behavior of N and P among invasive alien plants, native plants, and the soil within the plant–soil ecosystem. Our research, together with a synthesis of the literature, shows that fluctuations in N and P resources provide more opportunities and competitiveness for plant invasion. At the same time, the biogeochemical cycles of N and P are promoted because of their efficient and increased utilization and rate of release by invasive alien plants. However, there is no consensus on whether the N and P compositions of invasive species are different from those of the natives in their habitat. Quantitative studies that compare N and P contents in plant, litter, and soil between native plant communities and invaded communities on a global scale are an indispensable area of research focus for the future.
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14
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Qin C, Bartelme R, Chung YA, Fairbanks D, Lin Y, Liptzin D, Muscarella C, Naithani K, Peay K, Pellitier P, St. Rose A, Stanish L, Werbin Z, Zhu K. From DNA sequences to microbial ecology: Wrangling NEON soil microbe data with the
neonMicrobe
R package. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Qin
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Ryan Bartelme
- BIO5 Institute University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- CyVerse.org Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Y. Anny Chung
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Dawson Fairbanks
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Chance Muscarella
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Kusum Naithani
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Kabir Peay
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Peter Pellitier
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Ayanna St. Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Lee Stanish
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder USA
| | - Zoey Werbin
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
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15
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Torres N, Herrera I, Fajardo L, Bustamante RO. Meta-analysis of the impact of plant invasions on soil microbial communities. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 34496752 PMCID: PMC8425116 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the ecological impacts of exotic plant invasions may be alteration of the soil microbial community, which may cause changes to the diversity, richness and function of these communities. In order to explore to what extent invasive plants affect the soil microbial community, we performed a meta-analysis based on 46 scientific articles to document the effect of invasive plants on species richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi. We conducted our study across a range of invaded ecosystems including native communities, and evaluated biomass, richness and diversity. We use a random effects model to determine the increase or decrease in the values of the response variables in the presence of invasive plants. Results The results indicated that the response variable that changed with the invasion of plants was the diversity of bacteria. Bacterial diversity in the soil increases with the presence of invasive plants, specifically herbaceous plants producing allelopathic substances growing in forest ecosystems of temperate zones. Conclusions We provide evidence that invasive plants affect the soil biota differentially; however, it is important to consider more variables such as the N and C cycles, since these processes are mediated by soil biota and litter, and chemical compounds released by plants influence them. Changes in bacterial diversity have consequences for the nutrient cycle, enzymatic activity, mineralization rates and soil carbon and nitrogen content. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01899-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardi Torres
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), A.P. 20632, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Ileana Herrera
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Samborondón, 091650, Ecuador. .,Sección Botánica, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), 170501, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Laurie Fajardo
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), A.P. 20632, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela.
| | - Ramiro O Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras No 3425, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Qian W, Chen J, Zhang Q, Wu C, Ma Q, Silliman BR, Wu J, Li B, He Q. Top-down control of foundation species recovery during coastal wetland restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144854. [PMID: 33486186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Restoration has been increasingly adopted to halt trends in coastal wetland loss globally. Existing restoration often assumes that once abiotic stress is relieved, disturbances are prevented, and invasive species are eradicated, coastal wetlands will recover if propagules of native species are supplied either through natural dispersal or planting. Whether other factors including consumers can help explain the often suboptimal performance of existing restoration remains poorly understood. In a series of field experiments in the Yangtze estuary, we examined the relative importance of abiotic stress and crab grazing in regulating the recovery of the native foundation plant species Scirpus mariqueter in salt marsh areas where exotic cordgrass was successfully eradicated. We found that grazing by herbivorous crabs, rather than abiotic stress, was the primary obstacle restricting the recovery of planted Scirpus. This negative effect of crab grazing varied predictably across elevation and was strongest at low elevations where abiotic conditions were positive for Scirpus. These findings highlight that i) measures to control crab grazing are needed to enhance the success of Scirpus restoration, even in areas where abiotic conditions are set to be optimal, and ii) restoration measures purely focused on reducing abiotic stress could be ineffective or suboptimal in field conditions, likely jeopardizing restoration investment and success. Since top-down control of foundation plant species is common in many coastal wetlands and can be especially important in degraded systems where herbivores are abundant, we urge that future coastal wetland restoration assesses for the impacts of grazers and, when present, apply intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Qian
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, NO. 899 Longwu Road, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Changlu Wu
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai 202183, China
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Unviersity, Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Jihua Wu
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Li
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, National Observation and Research Station for Shanghai Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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Buerdsell SL, Milligan BG, Lehnhoff EA. Invasive plant benefits a native plant through plant-soil feedback but remains the superior competitor. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.64.57746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant soil feedback (PSF) occurs when a plant modifies soil biotic properties and those changes in turn influence plant growth, survival or reproduction. These feedback effects are not well understood as mechanisms for invasive plant species. Eragrostis lehmanniana is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwest US. To address how PSFs may affect E. lehmanniana invasion and native Bouteloua gracilis growth, soil inoculant from four sites of known invasion age at the Appleton-Whittell Audubon Research Ranch in Sonoita, AZ were used in a PSF greenhouse study, incorporating a replacement series design. The purpose of this research was to evaluate PSF conspecific and heterospecific effects and competition outcomes between the invasive E. lehmanniana and a native forage grass, Bouteloua gracilis. Eragrostis lehmannianaPSFs were beneficial to B. gracilis if developed in previously invaded soil. Plant-soil feedback contributed to competitive suppression of B. gracilis only in the highest ratio of E. lehmanniana to B. gracilis. Plant-soil feedback did not provide an advantage to E. lehmanniana in competitive interactions with B. gracilis at low competition levels but were advantageous to E. lehmanniana at the highest competition ratio, indicating a possible density-dependent effect. Despite being beneficial to B. gracilis under many conditions, E. lehmanniana was the superior competitor.
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18
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Liu F, Mo X, Kong W, Song Y. Soil bacterial diversity, structure, and function of Suaeda salsa in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in various habitats in the Yellow River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140144. [PMID: 32562999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play a key role in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems. However, studies that quantitatively examine bacterial metabolic groups to predict the environmental and biological impacts are limited. In this research, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform to analyze bacterial diversity, structure, function, and driving factors of Suaeda salsa in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in intertidal and supratidal habitats in the Yellow River Delta, China. Results showed that bacterial richness and Shannon diversity index of the rhizosphere soil were greater in the intertidal than in the supratidal habitat. Although the bacteria of the two habitats changed extremely in community structure, the bacterial groups related to carbohydrate metabolism (CM) and amino acid metabolism (AAM) had higher abundance than the other groups in both habitats. Furthermore, they were higher in the supratidal than the intertidal habitats, and bacterial groups associated with energy metabolism (EM) are opposite. Furthermore, bacterial diversity showed no significant difference between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. In the intertidal habitat, the rhizosphere soil had higher EM but lower AAM and CM than the non-rhizosphere soil, which indicated that bacterial structure and function were obviously influenced by the root exudates of S. salsa under flooding and salt stresses. Redundancy analysis showed that the dominant phyla were significantly affected by available phosphorus (51.0%), total potassium (32.2%), moisture content (28.1%), available potassium (25.3%), electrical conductivity (24.2%), total nitrogen (22.8%), total carbon (21.9%), and soil organic matter (21.0%). Overall, the findings provide important insights into the roles of bacterial groups in coastal wetland under climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fude Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xue Mo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Weijing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ye Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply & Marketing Co-operatives, Jinan 250014, China.
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19
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Reichenborn MM, Houseman GR, Foster BL. Plant community recovery following Sericea lespedeza (
Lespedeza cuneata
) removal: testing for a soil legacy effect. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly M. Reichenborn
- Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A
| | - Gregory R. Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University Box 26, 1845 Fairmount Street Wichita KS 67260 U.S.A
| | - Bryan L. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence KS 66047 U.S.A
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20
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Gillespie LM, Fromin N, Milcu A, Buatois B, Pontoizeau C, Hättenschwiler S. Higher tree diversity increases soil microbial resistance to drought. Commun Biol 2020; 3:377. [PMID: 32665673 PMCID: PMC7360603 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicted increases in drought frequency and severity may change soil microbial functioning. Microbial resistance and recovery to drought depend on plant community characteristics, among other factors, yet how changes in plant diversity modify microbial drought responses is uncertain. Here, we assessed how repeated drying-rewetting cycles affect soil microbial functioning and whether tree species diversity modifies these effects with a microcosm experiment using soils from different European forests. Our results show that microbial aerobic respiration and denitrification decline under drought but are similar in single and mixed tree species forests. However, microbial communities from mixed forests resist drought better than those from mono-specific forests. This positive tree species mixture effect is robust across forests differing in environmental conditions and species composition. Our data show that mixed forests mitigate drought effects on soil microbial processes, suggesting greater stability of biogeochemical cycling in mixed forests should drought frequency increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Gillespie
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nathalie Fromin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandru Milcu
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Ecotron Européen de Montpellier, CNRS, UPS, 32980, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Bruno Buatois
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Clovis Pontoizeau
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, UMR 5175, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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21
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Wei W, Zhu P, Chen P, Huang Q, Bai X, Ni G, Hou Y. Mixed evidence for plant-soil feedbacks in forest invasions. Oecologia 2020; 193:665-676. [PMID: 32642792 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) are plant-mediated changes to soil properties that ultimately influence plant performance, and can, thus, determine plant diversity, succession, and invasion. We hypothesized that PSFs influence invasion processes and that PSF mechanisms are largely driven by changes in soil properties produced by specific plant species. To test these hypotheses, we studied the effects of different soils collected from under common plant species on the growth of the invasive plant Phytolacca americana. We found that PSFs may interfere with invasion resistance because P. americana seedlings showed reduced growth (lower biomass) in soils collected from underneath some native species compared with soils collected from underneath P. americana and two non-native plants. We then selected eight co-occurring native and non-native plant species, and examined PSF dynamics and mechanisms in a pairwise conditioned soil greenhouse experiment. Plant species-specific conditioning effects regarding soil nutrients and enzyme activities were observed. Phytolacca americana had a high ability to use soil N, which may be related to its high invasion ability. Soil P was significantly lower in Quercus acutissima-conditioned soil, indicating that low P availability in Q. acutissima forests may enhance resistance to plant invasion. However, surprisingly, some native plants did not produce PSF effects that decreased the relative performance of invasive plants, nor did the invasive plants produce PSF effects that increased their own performance. We speculate that these PSF findings from greenhouse experiments cannot be extrapolated to field conditions because the litter and allelochemicals of some plants may be important for invasion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xinfu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yuping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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22
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Habiyaremye JDD, Goldmann K, Reitz T, Herrmann S, Buscot F. Tree Root Zone Microbiome: Exploring the Magnitude of Environmental Conditions and Host Tree Impact. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:749. [PMID: 32390986 PMCID: PMC7190799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree roots attract their associated microbial partners from the local soil community. Accordingly, tree root-associated microbial communities are shaped by both the host tree and local environmental variables. To rationally compare the magnitude of environmental conditions and host tree impact, the "PhytOakmeter" project planted clonal oak saplings (Quercus robur L., clone DF159) as phytometers into different field sites that are within a close geographic space across the Central German lowland region. The PhytOakmeters were produced via micro-propagation to maintain their genetic identity. The current study analyzed the microbial communities in the PhytOakmeter root zone vs. the tree root-free zone of soil two years after out-planting the trees. Soil DNA was extracted, 16S and ITS2 genes were respectively amplified for bacteria and fungi, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. The obtained microbial communities were analyzed in relation to soil chemistry and weather data as environmental conditions, and the host tree growth. Although microbial diversity in soils of the tree root zone was similar among the field sites, the community structure was site-specific. Likewise, within respective sites, the microbial diversity between PhytOakmeter root and root-free zones was comparable. The number of microbial species exclusive to either zone, however, was higher in the host tree root zone than in the tree root-free zone. PhytOakmeter "core" and "site-specific" microbiomes were identified and attributed to the host tree selection effect and/or to the ambient conditions of the sites, respectively. The identified PhytOakmeter root zone-associated microbiome predominantly included ectomycorrhizal fungi, yeasts and saprotrophs. Soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil temperature were significantly correlated with the microbial diversity and/or community structure. Although the host tree contributed to shape the soil microbial communities, its effect was surpassed by the impact of environmental factors. The current study helps to understand site-specific microbe recruitment processes by young host trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Habiyaremye
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- Department of Biology II, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Science and Physical Education, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Reitz
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvie Herrmann
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Halle, Germany
- Department of Biology II, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhang G, Bai J, Zhao Q, Jia J, Wang W, Wang X. Bacterial Succession in Salt Marsh Soils Along a Short-term Invasion Chronosequence of Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Estuary, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:644-661. [PMID: 31444524 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an exotic plant species, Spartina alterniflora seriously threatens native ecosystem function in Chinese coastal regions. Unveiling the dynamics of soil bacteria community during its invasion is essential for a better understanding of related biogeochemical processes, while the shift in soil bacterial community over invasive time remains unclear. A short-term chronosequence was identified to assess the impacts of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil nutrients and bacterial community composition and structure (using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing) over the time of invasion (i.e., (1) at least 10 years, (2) nearly 5 years, (3) less than 2 years, and (4) in native salt marshes or 0 years) in the Yellow River Estuary. The results exhibited an orderly change in the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition over the invasion time. Soil pH showed a significant decrease with the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM), whereas soil nutrients such as soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), K+, and Mg2+ were generally increased with the age of the invasion. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% similarity level) exhibited a decreasing trend, which suggested a decline in bacterial diversity with the invasion age. The dominant groups at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes (the sum of relative abundance was > 70% across all samples). The relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes steadily decreased, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly increased with the plant invasion. The distribution pattern of the soil bacteria was clearly separated according to the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) in native and invaded salt marshes. The variation in the soil bacterial community was tightly associated with the soil physicochemical properties (Mantel test, P < 0.05). Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that plant traits explained 4.95% of the bacterial community variation, and soil variables explained approximately 26.96% of the variation. Network analysis also revealed that plant invasion strengthens the interaction among soil bacterial communities. Overall, our findings highlight the bacterial community succession during the Spartina alterniflora invasion in coastal salt marsh soils, which can provide insight regarding the association between soil development and invasive plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Ecology Institute, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
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24
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Native Bamboo Invasions into Subtropical Forests Alter Microbial Communities in Litter and Soil. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Both exotic and native plant invasions can have profound impacts on ecosystems. While many studies have examined the effects of exotic plant invasions on soil properties, relatively few have tested the effects of native plant invasions on soil microbial communities. Furthermore, we know little about the effects of native plant invasions on microbial communities in litter. In subtropical forests in southern China, we sampled litter at three decomposition stages and top soil in three forest sands representing three stages of the invasion (not invaded, moderately and heavily invaded) by the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau), a native species in China. We measured chemical properties (concentrations of C, N, P, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and concentrations of cellulose and lignin) and microbial communities in litter and/or soil. The bamboo invasion, in general, decreased the element concentrations in litter and soil and also decreased total microbial abundance and diversity. Considering bacteria and fungi separately, the bamboo invasion decreased fungal diversity in litter and soil, but had little impact on bacterial diversity, suggesting that fungi are more sensitive and vulnerable to the bamboo invasion than bacteria. We conclude that native Moso bamboo invasions into subtropical forests may lead to a complex biogeochemical process in the litter–soil system, which may threaten local forest ecosystems by affecting microbial communities and, thus, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.
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Abstract
Research Highlights: Established stands of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., and Vitex parviflora Juss. modified soils in Guam’s limestone forests, reducing storage pools of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Background and Objectives: Invasive plants may engineer negative changes in ecosystem properties. This study was conducted to determine changes in soil chemistry following infestations of three problematic tree species on Guam. Materials and Methods: Minerals, metals, and mineralization dynamics were measured in invaded sites and paired sites with biodiverse native tree cover. Results: Most soil properties were significantly changed by long-term infestations of the invasive tree species. The soils within invaded sites exhibited total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus that were less than native sites. In contrast, the carbon/nitrogen ratio increased for every species-site combination. The other chemical properties were idiosyncratic among the sites and species. Conclusions: Mitigation and restoration activities that include the removal of these trees from project sites may require many years for the below-ground ecosystems to return to their native state. These three invasive trees decrease the ability of Guam soils to sequester recalcitrant forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
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26
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Teixeira LH, Yannelli FA, Ganade G, Kollmann J. Functional Diversity and Invasive Species Influence Soil Fertility in Experimental Grasslands. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010053. [PMID: 31906387 PMCID: PMC7020219 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem properties can be positively affected by plant functional diversity and compromised by invasive alien plants. We performed a community assembly study in mesocosms manipulating different functional diversity levels for native grassland plants (communities composed by 1, 2 or 3 functional groups) to test if functional dispersion could constrain the impacts of an invasive alien plant (Solidago gigantea) on soil fertility and plant community biomass via complementarity. Response variables were soil nutrients, soil water nutrients and aboveground biomass. We applied linear mixed-effects models to assess the effects of functional diversity and S. gigantea on plant biomass, soil and soil water nutrients. A structural equation model was used to evaluate if functional diversity and invasive plants affect soil fertility directly or indirectly via plant biomass and soil pH. Invaded communities had greater total biomass but less native plant biomass than uninvaded ones. While functional diversity increased nutrient availability in the soil solution of uninvaded communities, invasive plants reduced nutrient concentration in invaded soils. Functional diversity indirectly affected soil water but not soil nutrients via plant biomass, whereas the invader reduced native plant biomass and disrupted the effects of diversity on nutrients. Moreover, invasive plants reduced soil pH and compromised phosphate uptake by plants, which can contribute to higher phosphate availability and its possible accumulation in invaded soils. We found little evidence for functional diversity to constrain invasion impacts on nutrients and plant biomass. Restoration of such systems should consider other plant community features than plant trait diversity to reduce establishment of invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo H. Teixeira
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85350 Freising, Germany; (F.A.Y.); (J.K.)
- Department of Ecology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho avenue, Natal/RN CEP 59078-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Florencia A. Yannelli
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85350 Freising, Germany; (F.A.Y.); (J.K.)
- Jeschke group-Ecological Novelty, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Department of Ecology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Senador Salgado Filho avenue, Natal/RN CEP 59078-900, Brazil;
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85350 Freising, Germany; (F.A.Y.); (J.K.)
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
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Clark RE, Seewagen CL. Invasive Japanese Barberry, Berberis thunbergii (Ranunculales: Berberidaceae) Is Associated With Simplified Branch-Dwelling and Leaf-Litter Arthropod Communities in a New York Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1071-1078. [PMID: 31504361 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod food webs can be indirectly impacted by woody plant invasions, with cascading consequences for higher trophic levels. There are multiple bottom-up pathways by which invasive plants can alter food webs: above-ground interactions based on plant-herbivore associations and below-ground at the interface of leaf-litter and soil food webs. We compared arthropod community composition in these two food web dimensions in a New York forest that has been heavily invaded by nonnative Japanese barberry. Using two sampling protocols, we compared arthropod community composition on Japanese barberry shrubs to multiple species of native host shrubs and then compared leaf-litter arthropod assemblages between forest patches with exceptionally high Japanese barberry densities and those with relatively little to no Japanese barberry present. Fitting with trends in other woody shrub invasions, arthropod species richness was significantly lower in the leaf litter around Japanese barberry and on Japanese barberry plants themselves. Although overall arthropod abundance was also significantly lower on and in the leaf litter around Japanese barberry than on and around native shrubs, total biomass did not differ due to the taxa associated with Japanese barberry tending to be larger-bodied. We observed a dramatic reduction in predatory arthropods in response to both bottom-up pathways, particularly among ants and spiders. Our results show that Japanese barberry-invaded habitats may be experiencing trophic downgrading as result of lower numbers of generalist predators like spiders and ants, which may have rippling effects up the food web to insectivorous animals and their predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Clark
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Pullman, WA
| | - Chad L Seewagen
- Great Hollow Nature Preserve & Ecological Research Center, New Fairfield, CT
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28
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Li G, de Vries WT, Wu C, Zheng H. Improvement of subsoil physicochemical and microbial properties by short-term fallow practices. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7501. [PMID: 31489266 PMCID: PMC6705386 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fallow management can improve the soil nutrients in the topsoil and upper subsoil. However, little is known about the effects of short-term (one year) fallowing with different treatments, such as vegetation and fertilization, on subsoil (20–40 cm) properties. We conducted field trials to explore the changes in subsoil properties in response to such treatments in the Yellow River Delta region in China. Different vegetation and fertilization treatments were applied, and we measured the carbon and nitrogen contents, microbial biomass and microbial community structure in the subsoil. Fallowing without manure resulted in the storage of more total nitrogen (16.38%) than fallowing with manure, and meadow vegetation improved the ammonium nitrogen content (45.71%) relative to spontaneous vegetation. Spontaneous vegetation with manure improved the microbial biomass nitrogen (P < 0.05). Although the impact of short-term fallowing on microbial community structure was low, an effect of management was observed for some genera. Blastopirellula, Lysobacter, and Acidobacteria Gp6 showed significant differences among fallow treatments by the end of the year (P < 0.05). Blastopirellula abundance was related to the microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization rate in the subsoil. Manure retained a high abundance of Lysobacter, which may strengthen soil-borne disease resistance. The response of Acidobacteria Gp6 showed that meadow vegetation without manure may not benefit future crops. Although the treatments did not significantly improve microbial community structure in the one-year period, annual fallowing improved certain subsoil properties and increased the number of functional genera, which may enhance crop productivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Li
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Walter Timo de Vries
- Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Cifang Wu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for New-type Urbanization and Social Governance, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Crowther TW, van den Hoogen J, Wan J, Mayes MA, Keiser AD, Mo L, Averill C, Maynard DS. The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry. Science 2019; 365:365/6455/eaav0550. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.
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30
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Fungal communities do not recover after removing invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard). Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Ye XQ, Yan YN, Wu M, Yu FH. High Capacity of Nutrient Accumulation by Invasive Solidago canadensis in a Coastal Grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:575. [PMID: 31134115 PMCID: PMC6514223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solidago canadensis is a notorious invasive species from North America that is spreading across East China. It is invading some coastal grasslands and replacing native grass species. The effects of the S. canadensis invasion on soil nutrient cycling in the grasslands remain unclear. This study examined the effects of the invasion of S. canadensis on macronutrient accumulation in species aboveground part and soil. METHODS Aboveground biomass, macronutrient (N, P, and K) pools in biomass, litter mass and decomposition rates, soil macronutrient availability and soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity that were related to nutrient transformation were compared between plots invaded by S. canadensis and uninvaded plots dominated by three different native grass species: Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites australis, and Imperata cylindrica. RESULTS S. canadensis had higher aboveground biomass, higher leaf N, P, and K concentrations, and consequently, a larger macronutrient pool size in the standing biomass. S. canadensis also produced more litter with higher N, P, and K concentrations and faster decomposition rates. The S. canadensis invasion did not change the total N, P, and K concentration in the topsoil (0-10 cm), but the invasion did increase their availability. The S. canadensis invasion did not increase the total soil organic matter (TSOM) content but did increase the soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, amylase, and glucosidase in the topsoil. CONCLUSION The invasion of S. canadensis accelerates the macronutrient cycling rate via increases in aboveground productivity and nutrient accumulation in standing biomass, faster nutrient release from litter and higher soil microbial activity. An enhanced nutrient cycling rate may further enhance its invasiveness through a positive feedback on soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qi Ye
- Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Ecosystems, National Forestry Bureau, Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yan
- Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Ecosystems, National Forestry Bureau, Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetland Ecosystems, National Forestry Bureau, Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei-hai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Li J, Lai Y, Xie R, Ding X, Wu C. Sediment phosphorus speciation and retention process affected by invasion time of Spartina alterniflora in a subtropical coastal wetland of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35365-35375. [PMID: 30343371 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In coastal wetland ecosystems, most phosphorus (P) accumulates in the sediments and becomes a major pollutant causing eutrophication by recycling to the water column in estuary areas, especially exotic plant invasions will change the nutrient cycling. In this study, a large wetland invaded by exotic species Spartina alterniflora for over 15 years was selected to study the sediment P fractionation and its retention for different plant invasion periods. The samples were collected from east to west in September and the sediment P was fractionated into total P (TP), inorganic P (IP), iron/aluminum-bound P (Fe/Al-P), calcium-bound P (Ca-P), and organic P (OP). Additionally, the effect of the invasion period on the wetland P fractionation based on space-time reciprocal principle was investigated. For different S. alterniflora invasion periods, the average TP concentration was 675.37 mg kg-1 with a range of 160.33-1071 mg kg-1. The IP concentration was in the range of 107.33-813.33 mg kg-1 (accounting for 54.4-79.5% of TP), of which Fe/Al-P and Ca-P represented up to 99.4%. In addition, the P retention (RP) was within 41.67-329.67 mg kg-1. We also found that TP, IP, Fe/Al-P, Ca-P, OP, and RP in sediments were negatively correlated with pH (p < 0.05), and were also significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01) with water content and electrical conductivity. There were positive correlations between the various forms of P in the sediments (p < 0.01). However, the most important finding was that invasion time of S. alterniflora had a direct effect on the P speciation and three stages were determined. In the first stage, S. alterniflora mainly consumed the OP of the sediment. In the second stage, S. alterniflora showed great vitality and biological immobilization led to the transforming of IP to OP. In the third stage, all P fractions greatly decreased to values even lower than for the bare beach which indicated that S. alterniflora growth had begun to degenerate. These three stages well explained the P seemingly contradictory increases and decreases apparent in previous studies and provide important information for understanding the effect of S. alterniflora invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yueting Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Chunshan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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33
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Zhang P, Li B, Wu J, Hu S. Invasive plants differentially affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere pathways: a meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:200-210. [PMID: 30460738 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere inputs, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are variable. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the different effects of litter and rhizosphere of invasive plants on soil communities and nutrient cycling. Our results showed that invasive plants increased bacterial biomass by 16%, detritivore abundance by 119% and microbivore abundance by 89% through litter pathway. In the rhizosphere, invasive plants reduced bacterial biomass by 12%, herbivore abundance by 55% and predator abundance by 52%, but increased AM fungal biomass by 36%. Moreover, CO2 efflux, N mineralisation rate and enzyme activities were all higher in invasive than native rhizosphere soils. These findings indicate that invasive plants may support more decomposers that in turn stimulate nutrient release via litter effect, and enhance nutrient uptake by reducing root grazing but forming more symbioses in the rhizosphere. Thus, we hypothesise that litter- and root-based loops are probably linked to generate positive feedback of invaders on soil systems through stimulating nutrient cycling, consequently facilitating plant invasion. Our findings from limited cases with diverse contexts suggest that more studies are needed to differentiate litter and rhizosphere effects within single systems to better understand invasive plant-soil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Vieites-Blanco C, González-Prieto SJ. Effects of Carpobrotus edulis invasion on soil gross N fluxes in rocky coastal habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:966-976. [PMID: 29734642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alien plants on whole nutrient cycles have been scarcely studied, despite the increasing evidence on their impact on nutrient pools and fluxes. Carpobrotus edulis, a dangerous invasive plant in coastal areas worldwide, is considered an ecosystems engineer which, by changing many soil properties, benefits its own invasion and hampers the restoration of the invaded habitats. To study, for the first time, the 'true' impact of C. edulis on the soil N cycle, we used a paired 15N labelling experiment and a Ntrace compartment model to estimate the gross N fluxes in the 0-5cm and 5-10cm soil layers of non-invaded and C. edulis invaded areas of two temperate-humid coastal rocky locations. Carpobrotus edulis invasion generally increased NH4+ immobilization (INH4, 1.19-4.48×), presumably due to a lower N availability for the microbiota. The invasion also decreased autotrophic nitrification (ONH4, 0.20-0.79×), either by a direct effect over soil microbiota or by the acidification triggered by C. edulis. Unexpectedly, the dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNRA) was the exclusive NO3- consuming process modelled on most of the studied soils, although the incubation was aerobic. Apparently, the high organic C content of these soils induced a higher O2 consumption and the formation of anaerobic microsites where the DNRA could have taken place. The lower NO3- availability of invaded soils could explain their lower DNRA rates (0.04-0.70×) compared to native soils. Both DNRA and ONH4 were more affected in the 0-5cm layer, but the invasion also significantly affected N rates in the 5-10cm layer. Overall, net nitrification and mineralization generally decreased in the invaded soils. This study shows that the invasion of C. edulis alters soil gross and net N fluxes in a 0-10cm depth through its effects on soil properties and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vieites-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, IIAG-CSIC, Apartado 122, E-15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R/Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Serafín J González-Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, IIAG-CSIC, Apartado 122, E-15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Dong W, Song A, Liu X, Yu B, Wang B, Lu Y, Li Y, Yin H, Li J, Fan F. Warming deferentially altered multidimensional soil legacy induced by past land use history. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1546. [PMID: 29367671 PMCID: PMC5784121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The legacy effects of previous land use and climate history may affect current soil function. However, the manner in which these legacy effects of land use are modulated by the subsequent climate remains unclear. For this reason, we investigated how the legacies of soil multiple functions left by conversion of grassland to agricultural management were mediated by climate warming with a reciprocal transplant approach. The overall legacy was further separated into the contributions by changes in the abiotic properties of the soil (abiotic process) and microbial community (biotic process). We here hypothesized that warming may mediate the legacy effects of previous land use, mainly by changing biotic processes. Results indicated that warming significantly influenced the total legacies of soil respiration and three exoenzyme activities representing recalcitrant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, but did not affect the total legacy of β-1,4-glucosidase activity, which is involved in labile carbon cycling. The relative contributions of abiotic and biotic processes to the warming effects on the total legacy depended on the type of soil function. The effects of warming on land use change legacies were derived from altered bacterial community structure. The results of the present study suggest that climate conditions could interact with land use legacy to determine the ecosystem functions in a process-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Alin Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Boren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA.
| | - Fenliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Nsikani MM, van Wilgen BW, Gaertner M. Barriers to ecosystem restoration presented by soil legacy effects of invasive alien N2
-fixing woody species: implications for ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mlungele M. Nsikani
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Brian W. van Wilgen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Mirijam Gaertner
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602; Stellenbosch South Africa
- Invasive Species Unit, Environmental Resource Management Department, City of Cape Town; Westlake Conservation Office, Ou Kaapse Weg, Tokai 7966; Cape Town South Africa
- Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Applied Sciences (HFWU), Schelmenwasen 4-8 72622; Nürtingen Germany
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McTee MR, Lekberg Y, Mummey D, Rummel A, Ramsey PW. Do invasive plants structure microbial communities to accelerate decomposition in intermountain grasslands? Ecol Evol 2017; 7:11227-11235. [PMID: 29299295 PMCID: PMC5743483 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants are often associated with greater productivity and soil nutrient availabilities, but whether invasive plants with dissimilar traits change decomposer communities and decomposition rates in consistent ways is little known. We compared decomposition rates and the fungal and bacterial communities associated with the litter of three problematic invaders in intermountain grasslands; cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), as well as the native bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). Shoot and root litter from each plant was placed in cheatgrass, spotted knapweed, and leafy spurge invasions as well as remnant native communities in a fully reciprocal design for 6 months to see whether decomposer communities were species-specific, and whether litter decomposed fastest when placed in a community composed of its own species (referred to hereafter as home-field advantage-HFA). Overall, litter from the two invasive forbs, spotted knapweed and leafy spurge, decomposed faster than the native and invasive grasses, regardless of the plant community of incubation. Thus, we found no evidence of HFA. T-RFLP profiles indicated that both fungal and bacterial communities differed between roots and shoots and among plant species, and that fungal communities also differed among plant community types. Synthesis. These results show that litter from three common invaders to intermountain grasslands decomposes at different rates and cultures microbial communities that are species-specific, widespread, and persistent through the dramatic shifts in plant communities associated with invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG RanchFlorenceMTUSA
- College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA
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Brinkman EP, Raaijmakers CE, de Boer W, van der Putten WH. Changing soil legacies to direct restoration of plant communities. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx038. [PMID: 28948010 PMCID: PMC5597848 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that soil biota may influence interactions among plant species; however, little is known about how to change historical influences of previous land management on soil biota, the so-called 'biotic soil legacy effect'. We used a two-phase plant community-soil feedback approach to study how plant species typical to original (i.e. undisturbed) and degraded fen meadows may influence effects of the soil community on Carex species that are dominant in fen meadows. In phase 1, soil from original, degraded, successfully and unsuccessfully restored fen meadows was conditioned by growing plants typical to original or to degraded fen meadows. In phase 2, interactions between Carex and neighbouring plant species were studied to quantify plant community-soil feedback effects in different neighbour plant mixtures. Soil conditioning with plants typical to original fen meadows resulted in significantly more Carex biomass than with plants typical to degraded fen meadows. These effects were strongest when the soil originated from unsuccessfully restored fen meadows. However, biomass of plants typical of degraded fen meadows was also higher in soil conditioned by typical fen meadow plants. We conclude that soil legacy effects of plants from degraded fen meadows can be altered by growing typical fen meadow plant species in that soil, as this enhances priority effects that favour growth of other typical fen meadow plants. As also plant species from degraded fen meadows benefitted from soil conditioning, further studies are needed to reveal if plant species can be chosen that change negative soil legacy effects for rare and endangered fen meadow plant species, but not for plant species that are typical to degraded fen meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pernilla Brinkman
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | - Ciska E Raaijmakers
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sokol NW, Kuebbing SE, Bradford MA. Impacts of an invasive plant are fundamentally altered by a co-occurring forest disturbance. Ecology 2017; 98:2133-2144. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah W. Sokol
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; Yale University; 195 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Sara E. Kuebbing
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; Yale University; 195 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Mark A. Bradford
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; Yale University; 195 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
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Wavrek M, Heberling JM, Fei S, Kalisz S. Herbaceous invaders in temperate forests: a systematic review of their ecology and proposed mechanisms of invasion. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Malinich E, Lynn-Bell N, Kourtev PS. The effect of the invasiveElaeagnus umbellataon soil microbial communities depends on proximity of soils to plants. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Malinich
- Biology Department; Central Michigan University; Mount Pleasant Michigan 48858 USA
| | - Nicole Lynn-Bell
- Biology Department; Central Michigan University; Mount Pleasant Michigan 48858 USA
| | - Peter S. Kourtev
- Biology Department; Central Michigan University; Mount Pleasant Michigan 48858 USA
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Mamet SD, Lamb EG, Piper CL, Winsley T, Siciliano SD. Archaea and bacteria mediate the effects of native species root loss on fungi during plant invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1261-1275. [PMID: 28140393 PMCID: PMC5437935 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although invasive plants can drive ecosystem change, little is known about the directional nature of belowground interactions between invasive plants, native roots, bacteria, archaea and fungi. We used detailed bioinformatics and a recently developed root assay on soils collected in fescue grassland along a gradient of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) invasion to examine the links between smooth brome shoot litter and root, archaea, bacteria and fungal communities. We examined (1) aboveground versus belowground influences of smooth brome on soil microbial communities, (2) the importance of direct versus microbe-mediated impacts of plants on soil fungal communities, and (3) the web of roots, shoots, archaea, bacteria and fungi interactions across the A and B soil horizons in invaded and non-invaded sites. Archaea and bacteria influenced fungal composition, but not vice versa, as indicated by redundancy analyses. Co-inertia analyses suggested that bacterial-fungal variance was driven primarily by 12 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Brome increased bacterial diversity via smooth brome litter in the A horizon and roots in the B horizon, which then reduced fungal diversity. Archaea increased abundance of several bacterial OTUs, and the key bacterial OTUs mediated changes in the fungi's response to invasion. Overall, native root diversity loss and bacterial mediation were more important drivers of fungal composition than were the direct effects of increases in smooth brome. Critically, native plant species displacement and root loss appeared to be the most important driver of fungal composition during invasion. This causal web likely gives rise to the plant-fungi feedbacks, which are an essential factor determining plant diversity in invaded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Mamet
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eric G Lamb
- Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Candace L Piper
- Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tristrom Winsley
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Sardans J, Bartrons M, Margalef O, Gargallo-Garriga A, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Sigurdsson BD, Chen HYH, Peñuelas J. Plant invasion is associated with higher plant-soil nutrient concentrations in nutrient-poor environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1282-1291. [PMID: 27272953 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasion is an emerging driver of global change worldwide. We aimed to disentangle its impacts on plant-soil nutrient concentrations. We conducted a meta-analysis of 215 peer-reviewed articles and 1233 observations. Invasive plant species had globally higher N and P concentrations in photosynthetic tissues but not in foliar litter, in comparison with their native competitors. Invasive plants were also associated with higher soil C and N stocks and N, P, and K availabilities. The differences in N and P concentrations in photosynthetic tissues and in soil total C and N, soil N, P, and K availabilities between invasive and native species decreased when the environment was richer in nutrient resources. The results thus suggested higher nutrient resorption efficiencies in invasive than in native species in nutrient-poor environments. There were differences in soil total N concentrations but not in total P concentrations, indicating that the differences associated to invasive plants were related with biological processes, not with geochemical processes. The results suggest that invasiveness is not only a driver of changes in ecosystem species composition but that it is also associated with significant changes in plant-soil elemental composition and stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- BETA Technological Centre (Tecnio), Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Olga Margalef
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Phillipe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Ecosystems Services and Management, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7G 1A6, Canada
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Microbial composition and diversity are associated with plant performance: a case study on long-term fertilization effect on wheat growth in an Ultisol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4669-4681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang W, Jeelani N, Leng X, Cheng X, An S. Spartina alterniflora invasion alters soil microbial community composition and microbial respiration following invasion chronosequence in a coastal wetland of China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26880. [PMID: 27241173 PMCID: PMC4886517 DOI: 10.1038/srep26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exotic plants in regulating soil microbial community structure and activity following invasion chronosequence remains unclear. We investigated soil microbial community structure and microbial respiration following Spartina alterniflora invasion in a chronosequence of 6-, 10-, 17-, and 20-year-old by comparing with bare flat in a coastal wetland of China. S. alterniflora invasion significantly increased soil moisture and salinity, the concentrations of soil water-soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the quantities of total and various types of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), the fungal:bacterial PLFAs ratio and cumulative microbial respiration compared with bare flat. The highest MBC, gram-negative bacterial and saturated straight-chain PLFAs were found in 10-year-old S. alterniflora soil, while the greatest total PLFAs, bacterial and gram-positive bacterial PLFAs were found in 10- and 17-year-old S. alterniflora soils. The monounsaturated:branched PLFAs ratio declined, and cumulative microbial respiration on a per-unit-PLFAs increased following S. alterniflora invasion in the chronosequence. Our results suggest that S. alterniflora invasion significantly increased the biomass of soil various microbial groups and microbial respiration compared to bare flat soil by increasing soil available substrate, and modifying soil physiochemical properties. Soil microbial community reached the most enriched condition in the 10-year-old S. alterniflora community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Nasreen Jeelani
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Dawkins K, Esiobu N. Emerging Insights on Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Invasion: The Potential Role of Soil Microorganisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:712. [PMID: 27252726 PMCID: PMC4878544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plant species constitute a major ecological and economic problem worldwide, often distorting trophic levels and ecosystem balance. Numerous studies implicate factors ranging from environmental plasticity, competition for nutrient and space, and allelopathy in the success of invasive species in general. The Brazilian Pepper tree (BP) was introduced to the United States in the 1800s and has since become a category one invasive plant in Florida. It has aggressively spread to about 3000 km(2) of terrestrial surface, fueled in part by the prevalence of the hybrid genotypes and environmental perturbations. It displays some of the well-established invasive mechanisms but there is a serious dearth of knowledge on the plant-microbe-soil interactions and whether the rhizobiome plays any roles in the displacement of native flora and the range expansion of BP. Several control measures, including chemical, mechanical, and biological antagonism have been used with limited success while restoration of natives in soils from which BP was removed has proved problematic partly due to a poorly understood phenomenon described as the "BP legacy effect." Emerging evidence suggests that allelopathy, selective recruitment of beneficial soil microbes, disruption of microbial community structure and alteration of nutrient cycling, exhibited by many other invasive plant species may also be involved in the case of BP. This brief review discusses the well-established BP invasion mechanisms and highlights the current understanding of the molecular, below-ground processes. It also points out the gaps in studies on the potential role of microbial interactions in the success of BP invasion. These hitherto poorly studied mechanisms could further explain the aggressive spread of BP and could potentially contribute significantly to effective control measures and enable appropriate strategies for restoring native plants. The review advocates for the use of cutting-edge techniques in advancing the plant microbiome science. Ultimately, comparing metagenomic analyses of the rhizobiome of invasive plants grown in native and non-native soils could lead to a better understanding of the microbial determinants of biotic resistance, potentially empowering environmental managers with some predictive power of future trends of plant invasion.
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Xiao L, Liu GB, Zhang JY, Xue S. Long-term effects of vegetational restoration on soil microbial communities on the Loess Plateau of China. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area; Xi'an University of Technology; Xi'an 710048 P. R. China
| | - Guo-bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 P. R. China
| | - Jiao-yang Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 P. R. China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 P. R. China
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Suseela V, Alpert P, Nakatsu CH, Armstrong A, Tharayil N. Plant–soil interactions regulate the identity of soil carbon in invaded ecosystems: implication for legacy effects. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Suseela
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina29634 USA
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts01003 USA
| | - Cindy H. Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana47907 USA
| | - Arthur Armstrong
- Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana47907 USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina29634 USA
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49
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Tekiela DR, Barney JN. System-level changes following invasion caused by disruption of functional relationships among plant and soil properties. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00412.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Rodrigues RR, Pineda RP, Barney JN, Nilsen ET, Barrett JE, Williams MA. Plant Invasions Associated with Change in Root-Zone Microbial Community Structure and Diversity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141424. [PMID: 26505627 PMCID: PMC4624766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of plant-microbe associations for the invasion of plant species have not been often tested under field conditions. The research sought to determine patterns of change in microbial communities associated with the establishment of invasive plants with different taxonomic and phenetic traits. Three independent locations in Virginia, USA were selected. One site was invaded by a grass (Microstegium vimineum), another by a shrub (Rhamnus davurica), and the third by a tree (Ailanthus altissima). The native vegetation from these sites was used as reference. 16S rRNA and ITS regions were sequenced to study root-zone bacterial and fungal communities, respectively, in invaded and non-invaded samples and analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). Though root-zone microbial community structure initially differed across locations, plant invasion shifted communities in similar ways. Indicator species analysis revealed that Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) closely related to Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota increased in abundance due to plant invasions. The Hyphomonadaceae family in the Rhodobacterales order and ammonia-oxidizing Nitrospirae phylum showed greater relative abundance in the invaded root-zone soils. Hyphomicrobiaceae, another bacterial family within the phyla Proteobacteria increased as a result of plant invasion, but the effect associated most strongly with root-zones of M. vimineum and R. davurica. Functional analysis using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) showed bacteria responsible for nitrogen cycling in soil increased in relative abundance in association with plant invasion. In agreement with phylogenetic and functional analyses, greater turnover of ammonium and nitrate was associated with plant invasion. Overall, bacterial and fungal communities changed congruently across plant invaders, and support the hypothesis that nitrogen cycling bacteria and functions are important factors in plant invasions. Whether the changes in microbial communities are driven by direct plant microbial interactions or a result of plant-driven changes in soil properties remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rosana P. Pineda
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jacob N. Barney
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Erik T. Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John E. Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Williams
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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