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Silva-Junior AO, Teles-Pontes WJ. Larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Prioritize Secretion of Protective Wax Over Daily Consumption and Growth. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:641-646. [PMID: 38329711 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, the immature or larval stage is characterized by a high rate of food consumption. The nutrients obtained from which are directed towards the maintenance of metabolism, growth, pupation, and metamorphosis. However, when resources are scarce, the lack thereof can affect the growth rate and compromise the metamorphosis and formation of adults. Do increased energy expenditures yield outcomes similar to those resulting from restricted food intake during the larval stage? We hypothesized that removing the wax layer from the larvae of the ladybird Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1850 would result in increased energy expenditure, which can compromise both larval growth and adult size. We compared the development time, feeding rate, and adult size of larvae with an intact wax layer, and those with constantly removed wax layers. We found that the production of the wax layer was continuous. Unlike the waxed larvae, the larvae of C. montrouzieri extended their development time in response to energy depletion through wax removal. The total number of mealybugs consumed by waxless larvae was higher than the total number consumed by waxed larvae; however, the daily consumption of waxless larvae was lower than that of waxed larvae. Furthermore, the adults of waxless larvae were smaller than those whose larvae had intact wax layers. This suggests that the cost associated with wax layer secretion is a pivotal factor in larval growth. Removing this layer does not get compensated by increased larval feeding or extended development time.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Silva-Junior
- Depto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade-PPGBio/UFRPE, Univ. Federal Rural de Pernambuco/UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Wendel J Teles-Pontes
- Depto de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Univ. Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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2
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Amat C, Prasad R, Gemeno C. Ovipositional responses of tortricid moths to sugars, salts and neem oil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1677. [PMID: 38243066 PMCID: PMC10799066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oviposition is essential in the life history of insects and is mainly mediated by chemical and tactile cues present on the plant surface. Oviposition deterrents or stimulants can modify insect oviposition and be employed in pest control. Relatively few gustatory oviposition stimuli have been described for tortricid moths. In this study the effect of NaCl, KCl, sucrose, fructose and neem oil on the number of eggs laid by Cydia pomonella (L.), Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Lobesia botrana (Dennis & Schifermüller) was tested in laboratory arenas containing filter papers loaded with 3 doses of a given stimulus and solvent control. In general, salts increased oviposition at the mid dose (102 M) and sugars reduced it at the highest dose (103 mM), but these effects depended on the species. Neem oil dramatically reduced the number of eggs laid as the dose increased, but the lowest neem oil dose (0.1% v/v) increased L. botrana oviposition relative to solvent control. Our study shows that ubiquitous plant chemicals modify tortricid moth oviposition under laboratory conditions, and that neem oil is a strong oviposition deterrent. The oviposition arena developed in this study is a convenient tool to test the effect of tastants on the oviposition behavior of tortricid moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Amat
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- ICAR-KVK Ramanagara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - César Gemeno
- University of Lleida-Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
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Force E, Couzi P, Dacher M, Debernard S. Diet Impacts the Reproductive System's Maturation in the Male Moth Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 148:104532. [PMID: 37353192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In male moth Agrotis ipsilon, sexual maturation occurs between the third and the fifth day of adult life and is characterized by the development of the reproductive organs such as testes and accessory sex glands. Since sexual maturation requires considerable energy investment, we hypothesized that diet would be an essential regulatory factor in this developmental process. Indeed, the links between the male diet and reproductive physiology have not been described as in females. To test the previous hypothesis, we offered male moths diets corresponding to different flower nectars found in nature, and measured morphological and functional changes in the testes and accessory sex glands. In comparison to a diet composed of sucrose only, males fed with a diet composed of diverse sugars, including glucose, supplemented with sodium led to an earlier increase in the length and the protein content of accessory sex glands, as well as a reduction of the testicular volume accompanied by an acceleration of the sperm bundle transfer from the testes to the duplex. These results show that these specific diets accelerate the maturation of the reproductive system in male moth Agrotis ipsilon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Force
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Couzi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-78026 Versailles, France; Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Debernard
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Ren XM, Yang YS, Guo RX, Wang HR, Qi XW, Cao S, Lai YN, Zhang GJ, Niu C. Yeast mediates the interspecific interaction between introduced Bactrocera dorsalis and indigenous Bactrocera minax. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:428-436. [PMID: 36177948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host plant-microbe associations mediate interspecific interactions amongst herbivorous insects. However, this theory has rarely been ecologically verified in tephritid fruit flies. Research on this subject can not only help predict tephritid species invasion and occurrence patterns, but also develop potential novel lures for the control of the tephritid fruit fly pests. Recently, we observed mixed infestation of Bactrocera minax and Bactrocera dorsalis larvae in citrus orchards, which prompted us to explore the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Following oviposition by B. minax, the yeast Pichia kluyveri translocated to and proliferated inside the citrus fruit. The level of d-limonene released from citrus fruits containing P. kluyveri was 27 times higher than that released from healthy fruits. Mature B. dorsalis females were attracted to d-limonene and oviposited into fruits previously infested by B. minax. Furthermore, the interspecific interaction between B. dorsalis and B. minax within the same fruit significantly decreased the number of surviving larvae and pupal weight in B. dorsalis, but its effect on B. minax was weaker. CONCLUSION In the studied interspecific interaction, B. minax occupies the dominant position, implying ecological significance for this species in terms of consolidating its own niche and inhibiting the invasion of exotic species. To our best knowledge, this is the first report from both ecological and physiological perspectives on a symbiotic yeast mediating the interaction between B. minax and B. dorsalis through altering fruit volatiles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Shi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Xin Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Wei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Nan Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Jian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ren X, Cao S, Akami M, Mansour A, Yang Y, Jiang N, Wang H, Zhang G, Qi X, Xu P, Guo T, Niu C. Gut symbiotic bacteria are involved in nitrogen recycling in the tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:201. [PMID: 36104720 PMCID: PMC9476588 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen is considered the most limiting nutrient element for herbivorous insects. To alleviate nitrogen limitation, insects have evolved various symbiotically mediated strategies that enable them to colonize nitrogen-poor habitats or exploit nitrogen-poor diets. In frugivorous tephritid larvae developing in fruit pulp under nitrogen stress, it remains largely unknown how nitrogen is obtained and larval development is completed. Results In this study, we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics sequencing technologies as well as in vitro verification tests to uncover the mechanism underlying the nitrogen exploitation in the larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis. Our results showed that nitrogenous waste recycling (NWR) could be successfully driven by symbiotic bacteria, including Enterobacterales, Lactobacillales, Orbales, Pseudomonadales, Flavobacteriales, and Bacteroidales. In this process, urea hydrolysis in the larval gut was mainly mediated by Morganella morganii and Klebsiella oxytoca. In addition, core bacteria mediated essential amino acid (arginine excluded) biosynthesis by ammonium assimilation and transamination. Conclusions Symbiotic bacteria contribute to nitrogen transformation in the larvae of B. dorsalis in fruit pulp. Our findings suggest that the pattern of NWR is more likely to be applied by B. dorsalis, and M. morganii, K. oxytoca, and other urease-positive strains play vital roles in hydrolysing nitrogenous waste and providing metabolizable nitrogen for B. dorsalis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01399-9.
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van Deurs M, Persson A, Nilsson PA, Jørgensen C. Fish resist temptation from junk food: state‐dependent diet choice in reproductive Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
facing seasonal fluxes of lipid‐rich prey. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael van Deurs
- Dept of Biology, Lund Univ. Lund Sweden
- National Inst. for Aquatic Resources – Section for Ecosystem Based Marine Management, Technical Univ. of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
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Lehnert MS, Johnson DD, Wu J, Sun Y, Fonseca RJ, Michels J, Shell JS, Reiter KE. Physical adaptations of butterfly proboscises enable feeding from narrow floral tubes. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianing Wu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | | | - Jan Michels
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Institute of Zoology Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel Kiel Germany
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Yuan M, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li M, Wang X, Feng R, Tang P. Mitogenome evolution in ladybirds: Potential association with dietary adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1042-1053. [PMID: 32015863 PMCID: PMC6988538 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary shifts can alter the relative availability of different nutrients and are therefore associated with metabolic adaptation in animals. The Coccinellidae (ladybirds) exhibits three major types of feeding habits and provides a useful model to study the effects of dietary changes on the evolution of mitogenomes, which encode proteins directly involved in energy metabolism. Here, mitogenomes of three coccinellid species were newly sequenced. These data were combined with other ten previously sequenced coccinellid mitogenomes to explore the relationship between mitogenome evolution and diets. Our results indicate that mitogenomic data can be effectively used to resolve phylogenetic relationships of Coccinellidae. Strong codon usage bias in coccinellid mitogenomes was predominantly determined by nucleotide composition. The 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) globally evolved under negative constraints, with some PCGs showing a stronger purifying selection. Six PCGs (nad3, nad4L, and nad5 from Complex I; cox1 and cox3 from Complex IV; and atp6 from Complex V) displayed signs of positive selection. Of these, adaptive changes in cox3 were potentially associated with metabolic differences resulting from dietary shifts in Coccinellidae. Our results provide insights into the adaptive evolution of coccinellid mitogenomes in response to both dietary shifts and other life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Li‐Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qi‐Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Run‐Qiu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Pei‐An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and SafetyCollege of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
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Ravenscraft A, Berry M, Hammer T, Peay K, Boggs C. Structure and function of the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota of Neotropical butterflies. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Berry
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Tobin Hammer
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Kabir Peay
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Carol Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
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Lunghi E, Cianferoni F, Ceccolini F, Veith M, Manenti R, Mancinelli G, Corti C, Ficetola GF. What shapes the trophic niche of European plethodontid salamanders? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205672. [PMID: 30335776 PMCID: PMC6193653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophic niche is a life trait that identifies the consumer's position in a local food web. Several factors, such as ontogeny, competitive ability and resource availability contribute in shaping species trophic niches. To date, information on the diet of European Hydromantes salamanders are only available for a limited number of species, no dietary studies have involved more than one species of the genus at a time, and there are limited evidences on how multiple factors interact in determining diet variation. In this study we examined the diet of multiple populations of six out of the eight European cave salamanders, providing the first data on the diet for five of them. In addition, we assessed whether these closely related generalist species show similar diet and, for each species, we tested whether season, age class or sex influence the number and the type of prey consumed. Stomach condition (empty/full) and the number of prey consumed were strongly related to seasonality and to the activity level of individuals. Empty stomachs were more frequent in autumn, in individuals far from cave entrance and in juveniles. Diet composition was significantly different among species. Hydromantes imperialis and H. supramontis were the most generalist species; H. flavus and H. sarrabusensis fed mostly on Hymenoptera and Coleoptera Staphylinidae, while H. genei and H. ambrosii mostly consumed Arachnida and Endopterygota larvae. Furthermore, we detected seasonal shifts of diet in the majority of the species examined. Conversely, within each species, we did not find diet differences between females, males and juveniles. Although being assumed to have very similar dietary habits, here Hydromantes species were shown to be characterized by a high divergence in diet composition and in the stomach condition of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lunghi
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
- Natural Oasis, Prato, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabio Cianferoni
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
- CNR-IBAF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccolini
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
| | - Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mancinelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Claudia Corti
- Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola", Firenze, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), Grenoble, France
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Kissin I, Szallasi A. Therapeutic targeting of TRPV1 by resiniferatoxin, from preclinical studies to clinical trials. Curr Top Med Chem 2011. [PMID: 21671878 DOI: 10.1101/128884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In primary sensory neurons, the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 functions as a molecular integrator for a broad range of seemingly unrelated chemical and physical noxious stimuli, including heat and altered pH. Indeed, TRPV1 is thought to be a major transducer of the thermal hyperalgesia that follows inflammation and tissue injury as this response is impaired in TRPV1-deficient mice. Following the molecular cloning of TRPV1 in 1997, over a dozen companies embarked on efforts to find clinically useful TRPV1 antagonists, but side-effects and limited efficacy have thus far prevented any compounds from progressing beyond phase II. This has rekindled interest in desensitization of nociceptive neurons to TRPV1 agonists (e.g. capsaicin and its ultrapotent analog resiniferatoxin) as an alternative pharmacological approach to block pain in the periphery where it is generated. The clinical value of capsaicin is, however, limited by its unfavorable irritancy to desensitization ratio. In animal experiments, resiniferatoxin treatment is a powerful approach to achieve long-lasting analgesia. In patients with overactive bladder, intravesical resiniferatoxin improves bladder function (or even restores continence) without significant irritancy and/or toxicity. In this review, we argue that resiniferatoxin is an attractive alternative to capsaicin in that it achieves lasting desensitization without the side effects that complicate capsaicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kissin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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