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Gazoulis I, Kanatas P, Zannopoulos S, Kokkini M, Kontogeorgou V, Antonopoulos N, Travlos I. Agroecology and beyond: enhancing ecosystem services provided by natural vegetation and inventing "service weeds". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1436310. [PMID: 39006961 PMCID: PMC11239436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gazoulis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stavros Zannopoulos
- Koniareio Citrus Institute, Ministry of Rural Development & Food, Kechries, Greece
| | - Metaxia Kokkini
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kontogeorgou
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antonopoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Travlos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fernández-Guisuraga JM, Marcos E, Sáenz de Miera LE, Ansola G, Pinto R, Calvo L. Short-term responses of ecosystem multifunctionality to fire severity are modulated by fire-induced impacts on plant and soil microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165477. [PMID: 37451468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study represents a first attempt to shed light into the mechanisms that modulate the response of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) to fire severity in post-fire landscapes. We specifically investigated the role played by fire-induced changes on above and belowground communities in the modulation of EMF responses at short-term after fire. For this purpose, we estimated EMF using an averaging approach from three ecosystem functions (carbon regulation, decomposition and soil fertility) and their standardized functional indicators in field plots burned at low and high fire severity 1-year after a wildfire occurred in a Mediterranean ecosystem in the central region of Spain. Plant taxonomic and functional richness, and the bacterial and fungal taxonomic richness, were measured in the plots as community properties with a potential intermediate control over fire severity effects on EMF. The ecological effects of fire severity on above and belowground communities were important in shaping EMF as evidenced by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Indeed, the evidenced shrinkage exerted by high fire severity on EMF at short-term after fire was not direct, but modulated by fire-induced effects on the plant functional richness and the microbial taxonomic richness. However, EMF variation was more strongly modulated by indirect effects of fire severity on the biodiversity of soil microbial communities, than by the effects on the plant communities. Particularly, the fungal community exerted the strongest intermediate control (standardized SEM β coefficient = 0.62), which can be linked to the differential response of bacterial (β = -0.36) and fungal (β = -0.84) communities to fire severity evidenced here. Our findings demonstrate that the effects of fire severity on above and belowground communities are important drivers of short-term ecosystem functioning. Efforts tailored to secure the provision of multiple functions should be focused on promoting the recovery on soil microbial communities under high-severity scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Elena Marcos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luis E Sáenz de Miera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Gemma Ansola
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rayo Pinto
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Leonor Calvo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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3
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Abiotic and Biotic Factors from the Past as Predictors of Alien Bird Richness and Temporal Beta-Diversity. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of predicting the distribution of alien species has long been a focus of invasion ecology. Herein, we assessed biotic and abiotic factors from the 1980s as potential predictors of alien bird species patterns 20 years later in the state of New York. To assess the ability of each factor to predict future alien species patterns, we analysed the influence of biotic (native taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and human population density) and abiotic (climate and land use) factors from the 1980s on the observed alien species richness patterns in the 2000s and the temporal change in the composition of the alien communities between the 1980s and the 2000s using both single-predictor and multivariate models. Alien species richness from the 1980s was a reliable predictor of the alien species richness and temporal beta-diversity patterns in the 2000s. Among abiotic factors, maximum temperature and agricultural land-uses constituted sufficient predictors of future alien species richness and better predictors than the native biotic factors. The performance of single-predictor models was generally weaker in predicting temporal alien beta-diversity; however, past alien species richness and maximum temperature again outperformed the other factors. Predictions and management decisions should focus on warm and agricultural areas, as well as areas with an already high number of established alien species.
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4
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Daly EZ, Chabrerie O, Massol F, Facon B, Hess MC, Tasiemski A, Grandjean F, Chauvat M, Viard F, Forey E, Folcher L, Buisson E, Boivin T, Baltora‐Rosset S, Ulmer R, Gibert P, Thiébaut G, Pantel JH, Heger T, Richardson DM, Renault D. A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Z. Daly
- Univ. of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS EDYSAN Amiens Cedex 1 France
| | - Francois Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inst. Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Benoit Facon
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Manon C.M. Hess
- Inst. Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), UMR: Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD France
- Inst. de Recherche pour la Conservation des zones Humides Méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc Arles France
| | - Aurélie Tasiemski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inst. Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Univ. de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI‐Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, équipe EES Poitiers Cedex 09 France
| | | | | | - Estelle Forey
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INRAE, USC ECODIV Rouen France
| | - Laurent Folcher
- ANSES – Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux – Unité de Nématologie Le Rheu France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Inst. Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), UMR: Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD France
| | - Thomas Boivin
- INRAE, UR629 Écologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, Centre de Recherche Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur Avignon France
| | | | - Romain Ulmer
- Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS EDYSAN Amiens Cedex 1 France
| | - Patricia Gibert
- UMR 5558 CNRS – Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Bât. Gregor Mendel Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- Univ. of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Jelena H. Pantel
- Ecological Modelling, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Tina Heger
- Leibniz Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Technical Univ. of Munich, Restoration Ecology Freising Germany
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Dept. Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - David Renault
- Univ. of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR 6553 Rennes France
- Inst. Universitaire de France Paris Cedex 05 France
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5
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Hu C, Liu Y, Yang X, Shui B, Zhang X, Wang J. Functional trait responses of macrobenthic communities in seagrass microhabitats of a temperate lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113491. [PMID: 35287010 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of habitat heterogeneity on the functioning of macrobenthic communities is essential to the conservation of biodiversity in coastal ecosystems. However, the effects of habitat heterogeneity on the functional trait composition and diversity of seagrass bed macrobenthos are as scarce. In the present study, functional diversity indices (i.e., functional dispersion, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy), RLQ analysis, and fourth-corner analysis indicated that macrobenthic functional trait composition and diversity differ among seagrass bed microhabitats (interior, edge, and bare sediment). More specifically, functional traits were more evenly distributed in the seagrass bed interior and edge habitats, when compared to bare sediment, and functional diversity was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Functional trait distributions were influenced by environmental parameters (e.g., total organic carbon, organic matter, and grain size). Suspension-feeding and burrowing bivalves preferentially inhabited bare sediment with high sand content and low TOC, whereas herbivorous, small, and sensitive species mainly inhabited muddy sediments with higher organic supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Hu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yongtian Liu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bonian Shui
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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6
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Ryznar ER, Smith LL, Fong P. Open space, not reduced herbivory, facilitates invasion of a marine macroalga, implying it is a disturbance-mediated "passenger" of change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 170:105435. [PMID: 34385137 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum horneri, a brown macroalga, recently invaded the California coast, including into critical foundational communities such as kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests. Despite its rapid spread, empirical tests that evaluate mechanisms underlying S. horneri's invasion success are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted three field experiments on temperate rocky reefs in southern California using growth as a proxy for invasion success. We first tested whether S. horneri success differed with herbivory strength and native diversity by conducting a 2-factor experiment varying site (with different baseline levels of urchin densities and native algal diversity) and urchin access. We found S. horneri growth only differed among urchin treatments and not sites. We then evaluated whether S. horneri could successfully invade established algal canopies as a driver or whether it required open space as a passenger via a 2-factor experiment varying S. horneri size (small, medium, large) and canopy type (S. horneri, kelp, -canopy). We found that all S. horneri sizes grew fastest when canopy was lacking and light was high and slower in both canopy habitats with lower light; overall, small S. horneri grew slowest. Finally, we evaluated whether herbivore consumption for native species could facilitate S. horneri's invasion by conducting a 2-factor experiment varying species (M. pyrifera, S. horneri) and herbivore access. We found uncaged algae were consumed and caged algae grew, but there was no difference between species. Taken together, our results suggest that S. horneri is a "passenger" invader that will take advantage of points in time and space where light is plentiful, such as when M. pyrifera is removed via disturbance. Further, our results suggest that herbivory and native algal diversity are likely not key determining factors of the invasion success of S. horneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Ryznar
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA.
| | - L L Smith
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA
| | - P Fong
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1606, USA
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7
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Rivaes RP, Feio MJ, Almeida SFP, Vieira C, Calapez AR, Mortágua A, Gebler D, Lozanovska I, Aguiar FC. Multi-biologic group analysis for an ecosystem response to longitudinal river regulation gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144327. [PMID: 33422957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the effects of river regulation on the diversity of different instream and riparian biological communities along a relieve gradient of disturbance in regulated rivers. Two case studies in Portugal were used, with different river regulation typology (downstream of run-of-river and reservoir dams), where regulated and free-flowing river stretches were surveyed for riparian vegetation, macrophytes, bryophytes, macroalgae, diatoms and macroinvertebrates. The assessment of the regulation effects on biological communities was approached by both biological and functional diversity analysis. Results of this investigation endorse river regulation as a major factor differentiating fluvial biological communities through an artificial environmental filtering that governs species assemblages by accentuating species traits related to river regulation tolerance. Communities' response to regulation gradient seem to be similar and insensitive to river regulation typology. Biological communities respond to this regulation gradient with different sensibilities and rates of response, with riparian vegetation and macroinvertebrates being the most responsive to river regulation and its gradient. Richness appears to be the best indicator for general fluvial ecological quality facing river regulation. Nevertheless, there are high correlations between the biological and functional diversity indices of different biological groups, which denotes biological connections indicative of a cascade of effects leading to an indirect influence of river regulation even on non-responsive facets of communities' biological and functional diversities. These results highlight the necessary holistic perspective of the fluvial system when assessing the effects of river regulation and the proposal of restoration measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro Rivaes
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Feio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salomé F P Almeida
- Department of Biology, GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Vieira
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP; UPorto/PRISC), Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Calapez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Mortágua
- Department of Biology, GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gebler
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ivana Lozanovska
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisca C Aguiar
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Miatta M, Bates AE, Snelgrove PVR. Incorporating Biological Traits into Conservation Strategies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2021; 13:421-443. [PMID: 32857677 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-094121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of marine conservation strategies, such as increasing the numbers, extent, and effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), can help achieve conservation and restoration of ocean health and associated goods and services. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of including aspects of ecological functioning in PA design, the physical characteristics of habitats and simple measures of species diversity inform most PA designations. Marine and terrestrial ecologists have recently been using biological traits to assess community dynamics, functioning, and vulnerability to anthropogenic impacts. Here, we explore potential trait-based marine applications to advance PA design. We recommend strategies to integrate biological traits into (a) conservation objectives (e.g., by assessing and predicting impacts and vulnerability), (b) PA spatial planning (e.g., mapping ecosystem functions and functional diversity hot spots), and (c) time series monitoring protocols (e.g., using functional traits to detect recoveries). We conclude by emphasizing the need for pragmatic tools to improve the efficacy of spatial planning and monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miatta
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
| | - Paul V R Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada; , ,
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
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9
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Dong H, Liu T, Liu Z, Song Z. Fate of the soil seed bank of giant ragweed and its significance in preventing and controlling its invasion in grasslands. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4854-4866. [PMID: 32551066 PMCID: PMC7297783 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida, L. henceforth referred to as GR), an annual non-native invasive weed, may cause health problems and can reduce agricultural productivity. Chemical control of GR in grasslands may have irreversible side effects on herbs and livestock. In an attempt to propose a solution to the harmful effects of GR on grasslands, this study explores the fate of its soil seed bank (SSB) and considers the physical control of its SSB reduction. By studying GR distributed in grasslands of the Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China, we measured the spatial and temporal changes in seed density, seed germination, dormancy, and death. We analyzed seed germination, dormancy, and death following different storage periods. The study analyzed population characteristics over time, including seed fate, and examined physical control methods for reducing the SSB density. The SSB of GR occurs in the upper 0-15 cm of soil in grasslands. Seed density in the SSB decreased by 68.1% to 82.01% from the reproductive growth period to the senescence period. More than 98.7% of the seeds were rotten, eaten, germinated, dispersed, or died within one year after being produced. The seed germination rate of the SSB decreased with the number of years after invasion. When stored for 0.5 or 3.5 years, seed germination rates fell by 40%, during which time seed death rate increased by almost 40%. When GR was completely eradicated for two consecutive years, the SSB and population densities decreased by >99%. The vast majority of GR seeds germinated or died within one year; the germination rate decreased significantly if the seeds were stored dry at room temperature for a long time. Newly produced seeds are the main source of seeds in the SSB. Therefore, thoroughly eradicating GR plants for several years before the seeds can mature provides an effective control method in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegan Dong
- College of Life ScienceShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
- Rural Energy and Environment Work Station in YiliYining XingjiangChina
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Life ScienceShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
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10
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Hanisch M, Schweiger O, Cord AF, Volk M, Knapp S. Plant functional traits shape multiple ecosystem services, their trade‐offs and synergies in grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hanisch
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
| | - Anna F. Cord
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
- Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Institute of Geography Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Volk
- Department of Computational Landscape Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Sonja Knapp
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
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11
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Zhong X, Qiu B, Liu X. Functional diversity patterns of macrofauna in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111032. [PMID: 32174487 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional diversity can reflect the overall differences in functional traits and indicate their response to environmental disturbance. Macrofaunal feeding functional groups and functional diversity were studied in the adjacent waters of the Yangtze River Estuary. The detritivorous group had the highest species number, abundance and secondary productivity while the canivorous group had the highest biomass. Pearson correlation analysis showed that functional evenness was negatively correlated with species number and Shannon-Wiener index. Functional divergence was negatively correlated with Simpson dominance index. Functional dispersion was positively correlated with species evenness, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson dominance index. High values of functional diversity mainly cooccurred with high species diversity, uniform trait distribution and small niche overlap, indicating weak interspecific competition and high resources utilization. The dominant species were miniaturized and their biological traits analysis indicated that the study area has been disturbed for long time, resulting in the decline of the benthic ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Baochao Qiu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoshou Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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12
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Mathers KL, White JC, Fornaroli R, Chadd R. Flow regimes control the establishment of invasive crayfish and alter their effects on lotic macroinvertebrate communities. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Mathers
- Department of Surface Waters Research and Management Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - James C. White
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
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13
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Andrikou‐Charitidou A, Boutsis G, Karadimou E, Kallimanis AS. Untangling the positive association of phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic diversity with alien bird species richness. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Boutsis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Karadimou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. S. Kallimanis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
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14
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Carr AN, Hooper DU, Dukes JS. Long‐term propagule pressure overwhelms initial community determination of invader success. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Carr
- Biology Department Western Washington University Bellingham Washington 98225 USA
| | - David U. Hooper
- Biology Department Western Washington University Bellingham Washington 98225 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Department of Biological Sciences Purdue Climate Change Research Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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15
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Tompkins R. Exotic Species Occurrence in Remnant and Restored Eastern Prairie Ecosystems and their Relation to Native Species Richness, Evenness, and Functional Group Abundance. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tompkins
- Department of Biology, Belmont Abbey College, 100 Belmont-Mt. Holly Rd. Belmont, North Carolina 28012
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16
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Manfrin A, Teurlincx S, Lorenz AW, Haase P, Marttila M, Syrjänen JT, Thomas G, Stoll S. Effect of river restoration on life-history strategies in fish communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:486-495. [PMID: 30716640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of river restoration outcomes are mostly based on taxonomic identities of species, which may not be optimal because a direct relationship to river functions remains obscure and results are hardly comparable across biogeographic borders. The use of ecological species trait information instead of taxonomic units may help to overcome these challenges. Abundance data for fish communities were gathered from 134 river restoration projects conducted in Switzerland, Germany and Finland, monitored for up to 15 years. These data were related to a dataset of 22 categories of ecological traits describing fish life-history strategies to assess the outcome of the restoration projects. Restoration increased trait functional diversity and evenness in projects that were situated in the potamal zone of rivers. Restoration effect increased with the length of the restored river reaches. In areas with low levels of anthropogenic land use, the peak of the restoration effect was reached already within one to five years after the restoration and effect receded thereafter, while communities responded later in areas with higher levels of anthropogenic land use. In the lower potamal zone, a shift towards opportunistic life-history strategists was observed. In the upper rhithral zone, in contrast, species with an opportunistic life-history strategy increased only in the first five years of restoration, followed by a shift towards equilibrium strategists at restorations older than 5 years. This pattern was more pronounced in rivers with higher level of anthropogenic land use and longer restored river reaches. Restoration reduced the variability in community trait composition between river reaches suggesting that community trait composition within these zones converges when rivers are restored. This study showed how ecological traits are suitable to analyse restoration outcomes and how such an approach can be used for the evaluation and comparison of environmental management actions across geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Manfrin
- University of Applied Sciences Trier, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, P.O. Box 1380, 55761 Birkenfeld, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Haase
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Maare Marttila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; University of Oulu, Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Lapland Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, P.O. Box 8060, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Jukka T Syrjänen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gregor Thomas
- Federal Office for the Environment, Water Division, Papiermühlestrasse 172, 3063 Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences Trier, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, P.O. Box 1380, 55761 Birkenfeld, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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17
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Co-occurring invasive plant interactions do not predict the impacts of invasion in experimental tallgrass prairie communities. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Dong S, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Liu S, Swift D, Zhao J, Ganjurjav H, Hu G, Wang X, Yan Y, Cao X, Li W, Luo W, Zhao Z, Li S, Gao X. Grazing promotes plant functional diversity in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rj18091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Grazing exclosures and rotational grazing have been extensively applied to prevent grassland degradation and to restore grassland ecosystem function and services. The mechanisms associated with changes in alpine plant traits, and functional diversity under different grazing regimes have not been deeply explored. We examined the variations of plant leaf traits and functional diversity of an alpine meadow under different grazing regimes in a 3-year experiment. The results showed, after 3 years of yak grazing, that the coverage of Stipa capillata increased, whereas that of Kobresia pygmaea decreased under grazing exclosure. Stipa capillata had a lower ratio of leaf nitrogen content to phosphorus content (N:P) under grazing exclosure than under rotational grazing and continuous grazing, whereas Kobresia pygmaea showed no significant differences among grazing treatments. Among grazing regimes, the specific leaf area (SLA) of Stipa capillata was similar, whereas that of Kobresia pygmaea was higher under grazing exclosure. At the interspecific level, leaf area and weight were negatively correlated with SLA, whereas leaf carbon (C) content, leaf N content, leaf C:P and leaf N:P were negatively related to leaf P content and leaf C:N. These findings indicated that growth-defence trade-off strategies might lead to variations in plant traits and coverage. Large-leaved species, due to high maintenance costs, were less commonly distributed in the community, and they were better defended and unpalatable to yaks due to lower SLA, this formed the species coverage distribution pattern of the community. Various N and P utilisation efficiency of different species indicated diverse economic resources utilisation strategies might be due to niche differentiation in the community. Plots that had been excluded from grazing had the lowest functional richness, evenness, and divergence. Rotational and continuous grazing were equivalent in promoting alpine plant functional diversity.
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19
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Pulzatto MM, Cunha ER, Dainez-Filho MS, Thomaz SM. Association Between the Success of an Invasive Macrophyte, Environmental Variables and Abundance of a Competing Native Macrophyte. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:514. [PMID: 31134104 PMCID: PMC6524705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The success of invasive species depends on the overcoming of abiotic and biotic filters. Abiotic variables likely have greater relative importance over invasion at broad spatial scales, while biotic interactions are more important at fine spatial scales. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) the abundance of the invasive Hydrilla verticillata is more correlated with abiotic factors than with competing native species at broad spatial grain; and that (ii) H. verticillata abundance is more correlated with competing native species than with abiotic factors at fine spatial grain. Here, we considered spatial scale as the grain size (i.e., the extent of sampling unit) assuming broad spatial scales as a large area encompassing the entire patches of macrophytes, and fine spatial scales as a small area inside one macrophyte patch. We collected the abundance of hydrilla and the competing native species along with environmental variables in a large subtropical reservoir. To evaluate how the relative importance of the abiotic factors and the competing native species vary between spatial grains we used Bayesian Generalized Linear Models. At broad grain, the abundance of the competing native species, maximum fetch (positive correlation), turbidity and conductivity (negative correlation) were the most important factors to explain the hydrilla abundance. At fine grain, alkalinity, total organic matter of the sediment and the abundance of a competitive native species (all negative correlations) were the most important variables. Our results indicate a greater importance of abiotic factors at broader grains while competitive interactions seem to be important only in the finer spatial grains. Environmental heterogeneity may explain the positive correlation between native and invasive abundances at broad grain, while the negative correlation at fine grain suggests the effect of competition. In synthesis, we show that the abiotic factors that explain the invasion success of a submerged invasive macrophyte are the same in two spatial grains, but the importance of biotic interactions changed with grain. Thus, our data suggest that models that attempt to explain the success of invasive plants, should consider spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Marques Pulzatto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura – Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ribeiro Cunha
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mário Sérgio Dainez-Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura – Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sidinei Magela Thomaz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura – Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sidinei Magela Thomaz,
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20
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General laws of biological invasion based on the sampling of invasive plants in China and the United States. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Hausch S, Vamosi SM, Fox JW. Effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation on species coexistence. Ecology 2018; 99:1453-1462. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hausch
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Steven M. Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jeremy W. Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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22
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Zheng YL, Burns JH, Liao ZY, Li YP, Yang J, Chen YJ, Zhang JL, Zheng YG. Species composition, functional and phylogenetic distances correlate with success of invasive Chromolaena odorata in an experimental test. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1211-1220. [PMID: 29808558 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biotic resistance may influence invasion success; however, the relative roles of species richness, functional or phylogenetic distance in predicting invasion success are not fully understood. We used biomass fraction of Chromolaena odorata, an invasive species in tropical and subtropical areas, as a measure of 'invasion success' in a series of artificial communities varying in species richness. Communities were constructed using species from Mexico (native range) or China (non-native range). We found strong evidence of biotic resistance: species richness and community biomass were negatively related with invasion success; invader biomass was greater in plant communities from China than from Mexico. Harvesting time had a greater effect on invasion success in plant communities from China than on those from Mexico. Functional and phylogenetic distances both correlated with invasion success and more functionally distant communities were more easily invaded. The effects of plant-soil fungi and plant allelochemical interactions on invasion success were species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | | | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Pollution Control-Remediation Technology, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, 32 Hunan Road, Xing Yi, Guizhou, 562400, China
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23
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Hulvey KB, Teller BJ. Site conditions determine a key native plant's contribution to invasion resistance in grasslands. Ecology 2018; 99:1257-1264. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B. Hulvey
- Environmental Studies Department University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Brittany J. Teller
- Biology Department The Pennsylvania State University 208 Mueller Lab University Park Pennsylvania 16803 USA
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24
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Martello F, de Bello F, Morini MSDC, Silva RR, Souza-Campana DRD, Ribeiro MC, Carmona CP. Homogenization and impoverishment of taxonomic and functional diversity of ants in Eucalyptus plantations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3266. [PMID: 29459699 PMCID: PMC5818526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity, tree plantations can contribute to biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes, as they harbor many native species. In this study, we investigated the impact of Eucalyptus plantations on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities, comparing ant communities sampled in managed and unmanaged (abandoned for 28 years) Eucalyptus plantations, and native Atlantic rain forests. Eucalyptus plantations, both managed and unmanaged, reduced the functional diversity and increased the similarity between ant communities leading to functional homogenization. While communities in managed plantations had the lowest values of both taxonomic and functional ant diversities, ant communities from unmanaged plantations had similar values of species richness, functional redundancy and Rao's Q compared to ant communities from forest patches (although functional richness was lower). In addition, communities in unmanaged Eucalyptus plantations were taxonomically and functionally more similar to communities located in managed plantations, indicating that Eucalyptus plantations have a severe long-term impact on ant communities. These results indicate that natural regeneration may mitigate the impact of Eucalyptus management, particularly regarding the functional structure of the community (α diversity), although it does not attenuate the effects of long term homogenization in community composition (β diversity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martello
- Departament of Environmental Science, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, Rod., Washigton Luís Km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Ecology Department, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Santina de Castro Morini
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê (LAMAT), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Avenida Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério R Silva
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Av. Perimetral 1901, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Débora Rodriges de Souza-Campana
- Laboratório de Mirmecologia do Alto Tietê (LAMAT), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Avenida Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Ecology Department, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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25
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de Villalobos AE, Schwerdt L. Feral horses and alien plants: effects on the structure and function of the Pampean Mountain grasslands (Argentina). ECOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2017.1409476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana E. de Villalobos
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CERZOS – CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Dep. Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Leonela Schwerdt
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CERZOS – CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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26
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Caselle JE, Davis K, Marks LM. Marine management affects the invasion success of a non‐native species in a temperate reef system in California, USA. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:43-53. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Caselle
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
| | - Lindsay M. Marks
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93106 USA
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27
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Byun C, Lee EJ. Ecological application of biotic resistance to control the invasion of an invasive plant, Ageratina altissima. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2181-2192. [PMID: 28405282 PMCID: PMC5383480 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic resistance is the ability of species in a community to limit the invasion of other species. However, biotic resistance is not widely used to control invasive plants. Experimental, functional, and modeling approaches were combined to investigate the processes of invasion by Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot), a model invasive species in South Korea. We hypothesized that (1) functional group identity would be a good predictor of biotic resistance to A. altissima, whereas a species identity effect would be redundant within a functional group, and (2) mixtures of species would be more resistant to invasion than monocultures. We classified 37 species of native plants into three functional groups based on seven functional traits. The classification of functional groups was based primarily on differences in life longevity and woodiness. A competition experiment was conducted based on an additive competition design with A. altissima and monocultures or mixtures of resident plants. As an indicator of biotic resistance, we calculated a relative competition index (RCIavg) based on the average performance of A. altissima in a competition treatment compared with that of the control where only seeds of A. altissima were sown. To further explain the effect of diversity, we tested several diversity–interaction models. In monoculture treatments, RCIavg of resident plants was significantly different among functional groups but not within each functional group. Fast‐growing annuals (FG1) had the highest RCIavg, suggesting priority effects (niche pre‐emption). RCIavg of resident plants was significantly greater in a mixture than in a monoculture. According to the diversity–interaction models, species interaction patterns in mixtures were best described by interactions between functional groups, which implied niche partitioning. Functional group identity and diversity of resident plant communities were good indicators of biotic resistance to invasion by introduced A. altissima, with the underlying mechanisms likely niche pre‐emption and niche partitioning. This method has most potential in assisted restoration contexts, where there is a desire to reintroduce natives or boost their population size due to some previous level of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeho Byun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea
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28
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Mason TJ, French K, Jolley DF. Functional Richness and Identity Do Not Strongly Affect Invasibility of Constructed Dune Communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169243. [PMID: 28072854 PMCID: PMC5224978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic effects are often used to explain community structure and invasion resistance. We evaluated the contribution of functional richness and identity to invasion resistance and abiotic resource availability using a mesocosm experiment. We predicted that higher functional richness would confer greater invasion resistance through greater resource sequestration. We also predicted that niche pre-emption and invasion resistance would be higher in communities which included functional groups similar to the invader than communities where all functional groups were distinct from the invader. We constructed communities of different functional richness and identity but maintained constant species richness and numbers of individuals in the resident community. The constructed communities represented potential fore dune conditions following invader control activities along the Australian east coast. We then simulated an invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata DC. Norl.), a South African shrub invader. We used the same bitou propagule pressure across all treatments and monitored invasion success and resource availability for 13 months. Contrary to our predictions, we found that functional richness did not mediate the number of bitou individuals or bitou cover and functional identity had little effect on invasion success: there was a trend for the grass single functional group treatment to supress bitou individuals, but this trend was obscured when grasses were in multi functional group treatments. We found that all constructed communities facilitated bitou establishment and suppressed bitou cover relative to unplanted mesocosms. Abiotic resource use was either similar among planted communities, or differences did not relate to invasion success (with the exception of light availability). We attribute invasion resistance to bulk plant biomass across planted treatments rather than their functional group arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Mason
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne F. Jolley
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Hevia V, Martín-López B, Palomo S, García-Llorente M, de Bello F, González JA. Trait-based approaches to analyze links between the drivers of change and ecosystem services: Synthesizing existing evidence and future challenges. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:831-844. [PMID: 28168020 PMCID: PMC5288245 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the responses of biodiversity to drivers of change and the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem properties and ecosystem services is a key challenge in the context of global environmental change. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the scientific literature linking direct drivers of change and ecosystem services via functional traits of three taxonomic groups (vegetation, invertebrates, and vertebrates) to: (1) uncover trends and research biases in this field; and (2) synthesize existing empirical evidence. Our results show the existence of important biases in published studies related to ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, direct drivers of change, ecosystem services, geographical range, and the spatial scale of analysis. We found multiple evidence of links between drivers and services mediated by functional traits, particularly between land‐use changes and regulating services in vegetation and invertebrates. Seventy‐five functional traits were recorded in our sample. However, few of these functional traits were repeatedly found to be associated with both the species responses to direct drivers of change (response traits) and the species effects on the provision of ecosystem services (effect traits). Our results highlight the existence of potential “key functional traits,” understood as those that have the capacity to influence the provision of multiple ecosystem services, while responding to specific drivers of change, across a variety of systems and organisms. Identifying “key functional traits” would help to develop robust indicator systems to monitor changes in biodiversity and their effects on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Hevia
- Social-ecological Systems Laboratory Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Faculty of Sustainability Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Sara Palomo
- Social-ecological Systems Laboratory Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Marina García-Llorente
- Social-ecological Systems Laboratory Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain; Applied Research and Agricultural Extension Department Madrid Institute for Rural, Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA) Alcalá De Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Trebon Czech Republic
| | - José A González
- Social-ecological Systems Laboratory Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
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30
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Ganz HH, Doroud L, Firl AJ, Hird SM, Eisen JA, Boyce WM. Community-Level Differences in the Microbiome of Healthy Wild Mallards and Those Infected by Influenza A Viruses. mSystems 2017; 2:e00188-16. [PMID: 28293681 PMCID: PMC5347185 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00188-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterfowl, especially ducks and geese, are primary reservoirs for influenza A viruses (IAVs) that evolve and emerge as important pathogens in domestic animals and humans. In contrast to humans, where IAVs infect the respiratory tract and cause significant morbidity and mortality, IAVs infect the gastrointestinal tract of waterfowl and cause little or no pathology and are spread by fecal-oral transmission. For this reason, we examined whether IAV infection is associated with differences in the cloacal microbiome of mallards (Anas platyrhyncos), an important host of IAVs in North America and Eurasia. We characterized bacterial community composition by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA genes. IAV-positive mallards had lower species diversity, richness, and evenness than IAV-negative mallards. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cooccurrence patterns were also distinct depending on infection status. Network analysis showed that IAV-positive mallards had fewer significant cooccurring OTUs and exhibited fewer coassociation patterns among those OTUs than IAV-negative mallards. These results suggest that healthy mallards have a more robust and complex cloacal microbiome. By combining analytical approaches, we identified 41 bacterial OTUs, primarily representatives of Streptococcus spp., Veillonella dispar, and Rothia mucilaginosa, contributing to the observed differences. This study found that IAV-infected wild mallards exhibited strong differences in microbiome composition relative to noninfected mallards and identified a concise set of putative biomarker OTUs. Using Random Forest, a supervised machine learning method, we verified that these 41 bacterial OTUs are highly predictive of infection status. IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza causes 3 to 5 million severe illnesses and 250,000 to 500,000 human deaths each year. While pandemic influenza viruses emerge only periodically, they can be devastating-for example, the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus killed more than 20 million people. IAVs infect the respiratory tract and cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. In contrast, IAVs infect the gastrointestinal tract of waterfowl, producing little pathology. Recent studies indicated that viruses can alter the microbiome at the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa, but there are no reports of how the microbiota of the natural host of influenza is affected by infection. Here we find that the mallard microbiome is altered during IAV infection. Our results suggest that detailed examination of humans and animals infected with IAVs may reveal individualized microbiome profiles that correspond to health and disease. Moreover, future studies should explore whether the altered microbiome facilitates maintenance and transmission of IAVs in waterfowl populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly H. Ganz
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ladan Doroud
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alana J. Firl
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sarah M. Hird
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Eisen
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Walter M. Boyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Stotz GC, Pec GJ, Cahill JF. Is biotic resistance to invaders dependent upon local environmental conditions or primary productivity? A meta-analysis. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Dreesen FE, De Boeck HJ, Horemans JA, Janssens IA, Nijs I. Recovery dynamics and invasibility of herbaceous plant communities after exposure to experimental climate extremes. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Guo Q, Fei S, Dukes JS, Oswalt CM, III BVI, Potter KM. A unified approach for quantifying invasibility and degree of invasion. Ecology 2015; 96:2613-21. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2172.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Mallon CA, Poly F, Le Roux X, Marring I, van Elsas JD, Salles JF. Resource pulses can alleviate the biodiversity-invasion relationship in soil microbial communities. Ecology 2015; 96:915-26. [PMID: 26230013 DOI: 10.1890/14-1001.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The roles of species richness, resource use, and resource availability are central to many hypotheses explaining the diversity-invasion phenomenon but are generally not investigated together. Here, we created a large diversity gradient of soil microbial communities by either assembling communities of pure bacterial strains or removing the diversity of a natural soil. Using data on the resource-use capacities of the soil communities and an invader that were gathered from 71 carbon sources, we quantified the niches available to both constituents by using the metrics community niche and remaining niche available to the invader. A strong positive relationship between species richness and community niche across both experiments indicated the presence of resource complementarity. Moreover, community niche and the remaining niche available to the invader predicted invader abundance well. This suggested that increased competition in communities of higher diversity limits community invasibility and underscored the importance of resource availability as a key mechanism through which diversity hinders invasions. As a proof of principle, we subjected selected invaded communities to a resource pulse, which progressively uncoupled the link between soil microbial diversity and invasion and allowed the invader to rebound after nearly being eliminated in some communities. Our results thus show that (1) resource competition suppresses invasion, (2) biodiversity increases resource competition and decreases invasion through niche preemption, and (3) resource pulses that cannot be fully used, even by diverse communities, are favorable to invasion.
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Cetz-Navarro NP, Quan-Young LI, Espinoza-Avalos J. Morphological and community changes of turf algae in competition with corals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12814. [PMID: 26244816 PMCID: PMC4525492 DOI: 10.1038/srep12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphological plasticity and community responses of algae competing with corals have not been assessed. We evaluated eight morphological characters of four species of stoloniferous clonal filamentous turf algae (FTA), including Lophosiphonia cristata (Lc) and Polysiphonia scopulorum var. villum (Psv), and the composition and number of turf algae (TA) in competition for space with the coral Orbicella spp. under experimental and non-manipulated conditions. All FTA exhibited morphological responses, such as increasing the formation of new ramets (except for Psv when competing with O. faveolata). Opposite responses in the space between erect axes were found when Psv competed with O. faveolata and when Lc competed with O. annularis. The characters modified by each FTA species, and the number and composition of TA species growing next to coral tissue differed from that of the TA growing at ≥ 3 cm. The specific and community responses indicate that some species of TA can actively colonise coral tissue and that fundamental competitive interactions between the two types of organisms occur within the first millimetres of the coral-algal boundary. These findings suggest that the morphological plasticity, high number, and functional redundancy of stoloniferous TA species favour their colonisation of coral tissue and resistance against coral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neidy P. Cetz-Navarro
- ECOSUR, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, Colonia Pacto Obrero Campesino, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
- Posgrado en Oceanografía Costera, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Apdo. Postal 453, km 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Lizette I. Quan-Young
- ECOSUR, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, Colonia Pacto Obrero Campesino, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Julio Espinoza-Avalos
- ECOSUR, Avenida Centenario km 5.5, Colonia Pacto Obrero Campesino, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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Tan J, Pu Z, Ryberg WA, Jiang L. Resident-Invader Phylogenetic Relatedness, Not Resident Phylogenetic Diversity, Controls Community Invasibility. Am Nat 2015; 186:59-71. [DOI: 10.1086/681584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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37
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Sun Y, Müller-Schärer H, Maron JL, Schaffner U. Origin matters: diversity affects the performance of alien invasive species but not of native species. Am Nat 2015; 185:725-36. [PMID: 25996858 DOI: 10.1086/681251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
At local scales, it has often been found that invasibility decreases with increasing resident plant diversity. However, whether resident community diversity similarly resists invasion by alien versus native species is seldom studied. We examined this issue by invading constructed native plant assemblages that varied in species and functional richness with invasive alien or native Asteraceae species. Assemblages were also invaded with spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe, a native European aster that has been previously used in diversity-invasibility experiments in North America. We also conducted a field survey to explore the generality of the patterns generated from our experimental study. Both experimental and observational work revealed that increasing diversity reduced the performance of alien but not native invaders. Centaurea stoebe invading its native community performed poorly regardless of resident diversity, whereas in a parallel, previously published study conducted in North America, C. stoebe easily invaded low-diversity but not high-diversity assemblages. Our results suggest that diversity is an attribute of resident communities that makes them more or less susceptible to invasion by novel invasive alien but not native plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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38
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Bresciano D, Altesor A, Rodríguez C. The growth form of dominant grasses regulates the invasibility of Uruguayan grasslands. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yelenik SG, Colman BP, Levine JM, HilleRisLambers J. A mechanistic study of plant and microbial controls over R* for nitrogen in an annual grassland. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106059. [PMID: 25170943 PMCID: PMC4149492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in species' abilities to capture resources can drive competitive hierarchies, successional dynamics, community diversity, and invasions. To investigate mechanisms of resource competition within a nitrogen (N) limited California grassland community, we established a manipulative experiment using an R* framework. R* theory holds that better competitors within a N limited community should better depress available N in monoculture plots and obtain higher abundance in mixture plots. We asked whether (1) plant uptake or (2) plant species influences on microbial dynamics were the primary drivers of available soil N levels in this system where N structures plant communities. To disentangle the relative roles of plant uptake and microbially-mediated processes in resource competition, we quantified soil N dynamics as well as N pools in plant and microbial biomass in monoculture plots of 11 native or exotic annual grassland plants over one growing season. We found a negative correlation between plant N content and soil dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, our measure of R*), suggesting that plant uptake drives R*. In contrast, we found no relationship between microbial biomass N or potential net N mineralization and DIN. We conclude that while plant-microbial interactions may have altered the overall quantity of N that plants take up, the relationship between species' abundance and available N in monoculture was largely driven by plant N uptake in this first year of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G. Yelenik
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P. Colman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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40
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Conservation of fragmented grasslands as part of the urban green infrastructure: how important are species diversity, functional diversity and landscape functionality? Urban Ecosyst 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-014-0393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Hulvey KB, Aigner PA. Using filter-based community assembly models to improve restoration outcomes. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin B. Hulvey
- Environmental Studies Department; University of California; Santa Cruz; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Paul A. Aigner
- Donald and Sylvia McLaughlin Reserve; University of California; Davis, 26775 Morgan Valley Rd. Lower Lake CA 95457 USA
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42
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Godoy O, Levine JM. Phenology effects on invasion success: insights from coupling field experiments to coexistence theory. Ecology 2014; 95:726-36. [PMID: 24804456 DOI: 10.1890/13-1157.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists have identified a growing number of functional traits that promote invasion. However, whether trait differences between exotic and native species promote invasion success by enhancing niche differences or giving invaders competitive advantages is poorly understood. We explored the mechanisms by which phenology determines invasion success in a California annual plant community by quantifying how the seasonal timing of growth relates to niche differences that stabilize coexistence, and the competitive ability differences that drive dominance and exclusion. We parameterized models of community dynamics from experimentally assembled annual communities in which exotic plants displayed earlier, coincident, or later phenology than native residents. Using recent theoretical advances from the coexistence literature, we found that differences in phenology promote stabilizing niche differences between exotic and native species. However, phenology was more strongly related to competitive ability differences, allowing later invaders to outcompete earlier native competitors and native residents to outcompete earlier invaders in field experiments. Few of these insights could be inferred by comparing the competitive outcomes across invaders, highlighting the need to quantify niche and competitive ability differences when disentangling how species differences drive invasion success.
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43
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Greene B, Blossey B. Patterns of Privet: Urbanizing Watersheds, Invasive Ligustrum sinense, and Performance of Native Plant Species in Piedmont Floodplain Forests. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Selmants PC, Zavaleta ES, Wolf AA. Realistic diversity loss and variation in soil depth independently affect community-level plant nitrogen use. Ecology 2014; 95:88-97. [PMID: 24649649 DOI: 10.1890/13-1192.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous experiments have demonstrated that diverse plant communities use nitrogen (N) more completely and efficiently, with implications for how species conservation efforts might influence N cycling and retention in terrestrial ecosystems. However, most such experiments have randomly manipulated species richness and minimized environmental heterogeneity, two design aspects that may reduce applicability to real ecosystems. Here we present results from an experiment directly comparing how realistic and randomized plant species losses affect plant N use across a gradient of soil depth in a native-dominated serpentine grassland in California. We found that the strength of the species richness effect on plant N use did not increase with soil depth in either the realistic or randomized species loss scenarios, indicating that the increased vertical heterogeneity conferred by deeper soils did not lead to greater complementarity among species in this ecosystem. Realistic species losses significantly reduced plant N uptake and altered N-use efficiency, while randomized species losses had no effect on plant N use. Increasing soil depth positively affected plant N uptake in both loss order scenarios but had a weaker effect on plant N use than did realistic species losses. Our results illustrate that realistic species losses can have functional consequences that differ distinctly from randomized losses, and that species diversity effects can be independent of and outweigh those of environmental heterogeneity on ecosystem functioning. Our findings also support the value of conservation efforts aimed at maintaining biodiversity to help buffer ecosystems against increasing anthropogenic N loading.
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45
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Wang J, Ge Y, Zhang CB, Bai Y, Du ZK. Dominant functional group effects on the invasion resistance at different resource levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77220. [PMID: 24167565 PMCID: PMC3805585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional group composition may affect invasion in two ways the effect of abundance, i.e. dominance of functional group; and the effect of traits, i.e. identity of functional groups. However, few studies have focused on the role of abundance of functional group on invasion resistance. Moreover, how resource availability influences the role of the dominant functional group in invasion resistance is even less understood. Methodology/Principal Findings In this experiment, we established experimental pots using four different functional groups (annual grass, perennial grass, deciduous shrub or arbor and evergreen shrub or arbor), and the dominant functional group was manipulated. These experimental pots were respectively constructed at different soil nitrogen levels (control and fertilized). After one year of growth, we added seeds of 20 different species (five species per functional group) to the experimental pots. Fertilization significantly increased the overall invasion success, while dominant functional group had little effect on overall invasion success. When invaders were grouped into functional groups, invaders generally had lower success in pots dominated by the same functional group in the control pots. However, individual invaders of the same functional group exhibited different invasion patterns. Fertilization generally increased success of invaders in pots dominated by the same than by another functional group. However, fertilization led to great differences for individual invaders. Conclusions/Significance The results showed that the dominant functional group, independent of functional group identity, had a significant effect on the composition of invaders. We suggest that the limiting similarity hypothesis may be applicable at the functional group level, and limiting similarity may have a limited role for individual invaders as shown by the inconsistent effects of dominant functional group and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Linhai, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management/Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chong B. Zhang
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Linhai, China
| | - Yi Bai
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Linhai, China
| | - Zhao K. Du
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Linhai, China
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Massa SI, Paulino CM, Serrão EA, Duarte CM, Arnaud-Haond S. Entangled effects of allelic and clonal (genotypic) richness in the resistance and resilience of experimental populations of the seagrass Zostera noltii to diatom invasion. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:39. [PMID: 24152760 PMCID: PMC3818440 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between species diversity and components of ecosystem stability has been extensively studied, whilst the influence of the genetic component of biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here we manipulated both genotypic and allelic richness of the seagrass Zostera noltii, in order to explore their respective influences on the resistance of the experimental population to stress. Thus far intra-specific diversity was seldom taken into account in management plans, and restoration actions showed very low success. Information is therefore needed to understand the factors affecting resistance and resilience of populations. RESULTS Our results show a positive influence of both allelic and genotypic richness on the resistance of meadows to environmental perturbations. They also show that at the low genotypic (i.e. clonal) richness levels used in prior experimental approaches, the effects of genotypic and allelic richness could not be disentangled and allelic richness was a likely hidden treatment explaining at least part of the effects hitherto attributed to genotypic richness. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results emphasize the need to acknowledge and take into account the interdependency of both genotypic and allelic richness in experimental designs attempting to estimate their importance alone or in combination. A positive influence of allelic richness on resistance to perturbations, and of allelic richness combined with genotypic richness on the recovery (resilience) of the experimental populations is supported by differential mortality. These results, on the key species structuring of one of the most threatened coastal ecosystem worldwide, seagrass meadows, support the need to better take into account the distinct compartments of clonal and genetic diversity in management strategies, and in possible restoration plans in the future.
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Bai F, Chisholm R, Sang W, Dong M. Spatial risk assessment of alien invasive plants in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7624-32. [PMID: 23738912 DOI: 10.1021/es400382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale distribution patterns of alien invasive plants (AIP) can provide key information and a theoretical basis for management strategies, including the prevention of invasions, the control and eradication of established AIPs, and the identification of areas at high risk of invasion. This study aims to quantify distribution patterns of AIP in China, to develop approaches that measure the social, economic, and ecological impacts, and to identify areas that are at higher risk of plant invasion. Based on published literature, there were 384 AIPs in China, representing 233 genera from 66 families. Climatic factors were among the primary factors determining AIPs' overall distribution patterns. The majority of AIPs were tropically distributed in China, meaning that they were mainly restricted to southern China. Temperate-distributed AIPs, those distributed only or predominantly in northern China, were fewer but had higher average rates of spread than tropically distributed AIPs. Average ecological and economic impact per AIP was negatively correlated with AIP richness, meaning that areas with relatively few AIPs nevertheless have some of the most detrimental ones. Our comparative evaluation showed that the risk of invasion differed among regions of China, with high-risk areas in southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) and central coastal areas of eastern China (Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu). In the context of climate change, areas around latitudes of 33° N, including Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu, should be given more attention for the control and prevention of plant invasions. Predictions of high-risk areas for future invasions differed depending on the scale of aggregation and the evaluation index, indicating that invasive risk assessments should be based on multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100093, China
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48
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Arrival order among native plant functional groups does not affect invasibility of constructed dune communities. Oecologia 2013; 173:557-68. [PMID: 23468238 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Different arrival order scenarios of native functional groups to a site may influence both resource use during development and final community structure. Arrival order may then indirectly influence community resistance to invasion. We present a mesocosm experiment of constructed coastal dune communities that monitored biotic and abiotic responses to different arrival orders of native functional groups. Constructed communities were compared with unplanted mesocosms. We then simulated a single invasion event by bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), a dominant exotic shrub of coastal communities. We evaluated the hypothesis that plantings with simultaneous representation of grass, herb and shrub functional groups at the beginning of the experiment would more completely sequester resources and limit invasion than staggered plantings. Staggered plantings in turn would offer greater resource use and invasion resistance than unplanted mesocosms. Contrary to our expectations, there were few effects of arrival order on abiotic variables for the duration of the experiment and arrival order was unimportant in final community invasibility. All planted mesocosms supported significantly more invader germinants and significantly less invader abundance than unplanted mesocosms. Native functional group plantings may have a nurse effect during the invader germination and establishment phase and a competitive function during the invader juvenile and adult phase. Arrival order per se did not affect resource use and community invasibility in our mesocosm experiment. While grass, herb and shrub functional group plantings will not prevent invasion success in restored communities, they may limit final invader biomass.
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49
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Larson DL, Bright JB, Drobney P, Larson JL, Palaia N, Rabie PA, Vacek S, Wells D. Using prairie restoration to curtail invasion of Canada thistle: the importance of limiting similarity and seed mix richness. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Price JN, Pärtel M. Can limiting similarity increase invasion resistance? A meta-analysis of experimental studies. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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