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Bibi M, Yasmin A, Murtza I, Abbas S. A novel univariate interpolation and bivariate regression hybrid method application to biodegradation of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether using laccases from Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Geobacillus thermoparafinivorans strains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45441-45451. [PMID: 38951392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a derivative of the well-known endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA), is a potential threat to long-term environmental health due to its prevalence as a micropollutant. This study addresses the previously unexplored area of BADGE toxicity and removal. We investigated, for the first time, the biodegradation potential of laccase isolated from Geobacillus thermophilic bacteria against BADGE. The laccase-mediated degradation process was optimized using a combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and machine learning models. Degradation of BADGE was analyzed by various techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Laccase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain MB600 achieved a degradation rate of 93.28% within 30 min, while laccase from Geobacillus thermoparafinivorans strain MB606 reached 94% degradation within 90 min. RSM analysis predicted the optimal degradation conditions to be 60 min reaction time, 80°C temperature, and pH 4.5. Furthermore, CB-Dock simulations revealed good binding interactions between laccase enzymes and BADGE, with an initial binding mode selected for a cavity size of 263 and a Vina score of -5.5, which confirmed the observed biodegradation potential of laccase. These findings highlight the biocatalytic potential of laccases derived from thermophilic Geobacillus strains, notably MB600, for enzymatic decontamination of BADGE-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaza Bibi
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Murtza
- Department of Creative Technologies, Faculty of Computing and AI, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Abbas
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
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2
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Gutierrez-Rangel PC, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Torres-Acosta MA. Decisional tool development and application for techno-economic analysis of fungal laccase production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130781. [PMID: 38701986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Textile and medical effluents causing bioaccumulation and biomagnification have been successfully biodegraded by fungal laccases. Here, a decision-making tool was developed and applied to evaluate 45 different laccase production strategies which determined the best potential source from a techno-economical perspective. Laccase production cost was calculated with a fixed output of 109 enzymatic units per batch (USD$per109U) and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Results indicate that optimization of enzymatic kinetics for each organism is essential to avoid exceeding the fermentation time point at which production titer reaches its peak and, therefore, higher production costs. Overall, the most cost-effective laccase-producing strategy was obtained when using Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola with base production cost of USD $42.46 per 109 U. This works serves as platform for decision-making to find the optimal laccase production strategy based on techno-economic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Gutierrez-Rangel
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Mario A Torres-Acosta
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico; The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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3
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Wang H, Tang LX, Ye YF, Ma JX, Li X, Si J, Cui BK. Laccase immobilization and its degradation of emerging pollutants: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:120984. [PMID: 38678905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The chronic lack of effective disposal of pollutants has resulted in the detection of a wide variety of EPs in the environment, with concentrations high enough to affect ecological health. Laccase, as a versatile oxidase capable of catalyzing a wide range of substrates and without producing toxic by-products, is a potential candidate for the biodegradation of pollutants. Immobilization can provide favorable protection for free laccase, improve the stability of laccase in complex environments, and greatly enhance the reusability of laccase, which is significant in reducing the cost of industrial applications. This study introduces the properties of laccase and subsequently elaborate on the different support materials for laccase immobilization. The research advances in the degradation of EDs, PPCPs, and PAHs by immobilized laccase are then reviewed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of laccase immobilization, as well as the advantages of various support materials, facilitating the development of more economical and efficient immobilization systems that can be put into practice to achieve the green degradation of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lu-Xin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Ye
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Bioremediation of Hazardous Pollutants Using Enzyme-Immobilized Reactors. Molecules 2024; 29:2021. [PMID: 38731512 PMCID: PMC11085290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation uses the degradation abilities of microorganisms and other organisms to remove harmful pollutants that pollute the natural environment, helping return it to a natural state that is free of harmful substances. Organism-derived enzymes can degrade and eliminate a variety of pollutants and transform them into non-toxic forms; as such, they are expected to be used in bioremediation. However, since enzymes are proteins, the low operational stability and catalytic efficiency of free enzyme-based degradation systems need improvement. Enzyme immobilization methods are often used to overcome these challenges. Several enzyme immobilization methods have been applied to improve operational stability and reduce remediation costs. Herein, we review recent advancements in immobilized enzymes for bioremediation and summarize the methods for preparing immobilized enzymes for use as catalysts and in pollutant degradation systems. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of immobilized enzymes in bioremediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, 871-12 Sugido, Mashiki, Kamimashiki, Kumamoto 861-2205, Japan
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- HaKaL Inc., Kurume Research Park, 1488-4 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan;
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Mustafin K, Suleimenova Z, Narmuratova Z, Akhmetsadykov N, Kalieva A. Influence of Organic and Inorganic Compounds of Various Metals on the Synthesis of Polysaccharides by the Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:112-119. [PMID: 37756685 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, basidiomycetes are considered to be promising objects of biotechnology, due to a number of biologically active compounds, such as polysaccharides and triterpenes. These compounds have a high therapeutic potential and demonstrate immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antifungal activities. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to study the effect of various concentrations of metal citrates and sulphates on the content of exo- and endopolysaccharides of the fungus Trametes versicolor. METHOD The mycelium was grown by deep cultivation on a semisyntheticglucose-peptone-yeast medium with different contents of zinc, copper, and manganese salts, after which the extraction and measurement of the concentration of polysaccharides were carried out. RESULTS The results obtained showed that copper citrate at a concentration of 4 mg/L had the greatest positive effect on biomass yield. The intensity of biomass growth on a nutrient medium with copper citrate increased by 80%. Zinc citrate increased the content of exopolysaccharides by 29% compared to the medium without metal salts. When manganese citrate was added to the medium, the productivity of synthesis decreased, but an increase in the growth rate of mycelium biomass was observed. Sulphates of these metals led to a decrease in the productivity of exopolysaccharide synthesis by 12% for zinc and 35% for manganese. CONCLUSIONS The addition of both copper citrate and copper sulphate to the medium led to a decrease in the synthesis productivity by 66 and 24%, respectively. The introduction of both citrates and sulphates of these metals into the culture medium led to an increase in the percentage of endopolysaccharides in the mycelium of the fungus. HIGHLIGHTS Copper citrate enhances Trametes versicolor biomass by 80%. Zinc citrate increases exopolysaccharide content by 29%. Copper sulphate optimizes endopolysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Mustafin
- LLP "Research and Production Enterprise 'Antigen,'" Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, 4 Azerbayev Str, Abay 040905, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanara Suleimenova
- LLP "Research and Production Enterprise 'Antigen,'" Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, 4 Azerbayev Str, Abay 040905, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Narmuratova
- LLP "Research and Production Enterprise 'Antigen,'" Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, 4 Azerbayev Str, Abay 040905, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Akhmetsadykov
- LLP "Research and Production Enterprise 'Antigen,'" Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, 4 Azerbayev Str, Abay 040905, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Kalieva
- K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Department of Biology, 34 A. Moldagulov Ave, Aktobe 030000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Cruz IDA, Cruz-Magalhães V, Loguercio LL, Dos Santos LBPR, Uetanabaro APT, Costa AMD. A systematic study on the characteristics and applications of laccases produced by fungi: insights on their potential for biotechnologies. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38170449 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Laccases are polyphenol oxidase enzymes and form the enzyme complex known for their role in wood decomposition and lignin degradation. The present study aimed to systematically review the state-of-the-art trends in scientific publications on laccase enzymes of the last 10 years. The main aspects checked included the laccase-producing fungal genera, the conditions of fungal growth and laccase production, the methods of immobilization, and potential applications of laccase. After applying the systematic search method 177 articles were selected to compound the final database. Although various fungi produce laccase, most studies were Trametes and Pleurotus genera. The submerged fermentation (SmF) has been the most used, however, the use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) appeared as a promising technique to produce laccase when using agro-industrial residues as substrates. Studies on laccase immobilization showed the covalent bonding and entrapment methods were the most used, showing greater efficiency of immobilization and a high number of enzyme reuses. The main use of the laccase was in bioremediation, especially in the discoloration of dyes from the textile industry and the degradation of pharmaceutical waste. Implications and consequences of all these findings in biotechnology and environment, as well as the trends and gaps of laccase research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian David Araújo Cruz
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Lopes Loguercio
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Elsayed AM, Mahmoud M, Abdel Karim GSA, Abdelraof M, Othman AM. Purification and biochemical characterization of two laccase isoenzymes isolated from Trichoderma harzianum S7113 and its application for bisphenol A degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593499 PMCID: PMC9806890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two laccase isoenzymes (LacA and LacB) were isolated from a novel Trichoderma harzianum S7113 isolate employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G100, and DEAE Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified LacA and LacB laccases were estimated to be 63 and 48 kDa, respectively. The two isoenzymes had their optimum activities at the same temperature (50 °C), but at slightly different pH values (pH 3.0 for LacA and pH 2.5 for LacB). LacA and LacB had the same thermal stability at 40 °C and pH stability at pH 9.0. The two isoenzymes also showed a high level of specific activity toward ABTS, where the Km values of LacA and LacB were 0.100 and 0.065 mM, whereas their Vmax values were 0.603 and 0.182 µmol min-1, respectively. LacA and LacB catalytic activity was stimulated by Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, and Ni2+, whereas it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Pb2+, β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA, and SDS, and completely inhibited by sodium azide. Our findings indicate that purified laccase has a promising capacity for bisphenol A (BPA) bioremediation across a broad pH range. This finding opens up new opportunities for the commercialization of this technique in a variety of biotechnology-based applications, particularly for removing endocrine chemicals from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Elsayed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdelmageed M. Othman
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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8
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Sharma P, Vishwakarma R, Varjani S, Gautam K, Gaur VK, Farooqui A, Sindhu R, Binod P, Awasthi MK, Chaturvedi P, Pandey A. Multi-omics approaches for remediation of bisphenol A: Toxicity, risk analysis, road blocks and research perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114198. [PMID: 36063912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this "plastic era" with the increased use of plastic in day today's life the accumulation of its degraded products like microplastics or plastic additives such as Bisphenol A(BPA) is also increasing. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical used as a plasticizing agent in clear plastic, building materials, coatings, and epoxy resin. Several enzymes including laccases and lipases have been studied for the reduction of BPA toxicity. Over the decades of encountering these toxicants, microorganisms have evolved to degrade different classes of plastic additives. Since the degradation of BPA is a long process thus meta-omics approaches have been employed to identify the active microbiota and microbial dynamics involved in the mitigation of BPA. It is also necessary to investigate the impact of processing activities on transit of BPA in food items and to limit its entrance in food world. This review summarizes a comprehensive overview on BPA sources, toxicity, bio-based mitigation approaches along with a deeper understanding of multi-omics approaches for its reduction and risk analysis. Knowledge gaps and opportunities have been comprehensively compiled that would aid the state-of-the-art information in the available literature for the researchers to further address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226 026, India
| | - Reena Vishwakarma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226 026, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, India.
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre of Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 021, India
| | - Vivek K Gaur
- Centre of Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 021, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226 026, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre of Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 021, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, India
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9
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Li S, Liu Q, Liu J, Sun K, Yang W, Si Y, Li Y, Gao Y. Inhibition mechanisms of Fe 2+/Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ on fungal laccase-enabled bisphenol a polyreaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135685. [PMID: 35842042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is regarded as an endocrine disruptor associated with negative health effects in animals and humans. Laccase from white-rot fungus can enable BPA oxidation and auto-polymerization to circumvent its biotoxicity, but the work concerning the effect mechanisms of divalent and trivalent metal ions (MIs) on BPA polyreaction have rarely been reported. Herein, Trametes versicolor laccase-started BPA conversion within 1 h followed pseudo-first order kinetics, and the rate constant (kprcs) and half-life were respectively 0.61 h-1 and 1.14 h. The presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ exhibited insignificant impact on BPA removal, whereas Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ had a strong inhibiting effect. Compared with MI-free, the kprcs values of BPA respectively lowered 34.4%, 44.3% and 98.4% in the presence of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+. Enzymatic activity and differential absorption spectrum disclosed that the inhibitory actions were accomplished by two different mechanisms. One is Fe2+ was preferentially oxidized into Fe3+ that restrained laccase activity at the initial stage of reaction, and subsequently, the formed Fe3+ complex bound with laccase T1-Cu site and thus impeded the single-electron transfer system. The other is Mn2+ was instantly oxidized by laccase to generate Mn3+-citrate complex, which completely consumed the dissolved O2 in solution and consequently terminated BPA removal. Considering environmental bioremediation, T. versicolor laccase-enabled auto-polymerization is a simple and convenient candidate to eliminate BPA in enzymatic wastewater treatment, however the effects of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+ on BPA decontamination should be cautiously assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Li
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Youbin Si
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Wang B, Wang J, Yin R, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Zhang G, Wang N, Hirai H, Xiao T. RNA-sequencing analysis of bisphenol A biodegradation by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:225. [PMID: 35975024 PMCID: PMC9375798 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative example of an endocrine-disrupting chemical. It is one of the most produced chemical substances in the world, but it causes harmful effects in organisms, such that the effective degradation of BPA is critical. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 has been shown to effectively degrade BPA under ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic conditions. However, it is still unclear what kinds of enzymes are involved in BPA degradation. To explore the mechanism of BPA degradation, the present study analysed the functional genes of P. sordida YK-624 using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Oxidation-reduction process and metabolic pathway were enriched under ligninolytic and non-ligninolytic conditions by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. It is suggested that BPA might be used as a carbon source by P. sordida YK-624. Lignin peroxidase and cytochrome P450 were detected in upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The lignin-degrading enzyme lignin peroxidase and the intracellular cytochrome P450 system were involved in BPA degradation by P. sordida YK-624, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03298-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ru Yin
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059 China
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11
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Gou ZC, Lu MJ, Cui XY, Wang XQ, Jiang MY, Wang YS, Wang ZQ, Yu XX, Tang SS, Chen G, Su YJ. Enhanced laccase production by mutagenized Myrothecium verrucaria using corn stover as a carbon source and its potential in the degradation of 2-chlorophen. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1581-1593. [PMID: 35932338 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are widely used in industry and are known environmental pollutants. The degradation of chlorophenols is important for environmental remediation. In this study, we evaluated the biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol using crude laccase produced by Myrothecium verrucaria. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma technology was used to increase laccase production. The culture conditions of the M-6 mutant were optimized. Our results showed that corn stover could replace glucose as a carbon source and promote laccase production. The maximum laccase activity of 30.08 U/mL was achieved after optimization, which was a 19.04-fold increase. The biodegradation rate of 2-chlorophenol using crude laccase was 97.13%, a positive correlation was determined between laccase activity and degradation rate. The toxicity of 2-CP was substantially reduced after degradation by laccase solution. Our findings show the feasibility of the use of corn stover in laccase production by M. verrucaria mutant and the subsequent biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol using crude laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Chang Gou
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Min-Jie Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Qing Wang
- College of Food Science Technology and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Yi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ya-Shuo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ying-Jie Su
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
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12
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Lassouane F, Aït-Amar H, Rodriguez-Couto S. High BPA removal by immobilized crude laccase in a batch fluidized bed bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Novotný Č, Fojtík J, Mucha M, Malachová K. Biodeterioration of Compost-Pretreated Polyvinyl Chloride Films by Microorganisms Isolated From Weathered Plastics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:832413. [PMID: 35223795 PMCID: PMC8867010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.832413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a petroleum-based plastic used in various applications, polluting the environment because of its recalcitrance, large content of additives, and the presence of halogen. In our case study, a new, two-stage biodegradation technology that combined composting process used for PVC pretreatment with a subsequent PVC attack by newly-isolated fungal and bacterial strains under SSF conditions was used for biodegradation of commercial PVC films. The novelty consisted in a combined effect of the two biodegradation processes and the use for augmentation of microbial strains isolated from plastic-polluted environments. First, the ability of the newly-isolated strains to deteriorate PVC was tested in individual, liquid-medium- and SSF cultures. Higher mass-reductions of PVC films were obtained in the former cultures, probably due to a better mass transfer in liquid phase. Using the two-stage biodegradation technology the highest cumulative mass-reductions of 29.3 and 33.2% of PVC films were obtained after 110 days with Trichoderma hamatum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens applied in the second stage in the SSF culture, respectively. However, FTIR analysis showed that the mass-reductions obtained represented removal of significant amounts of additives but the PVC polymer chain was not degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Čenek Novotný
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fojtík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mucha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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14
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Backes E, Kato CG, da Silva TBV, Uber TM, Pasquarelli DL, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Production of fungal laccase on pineapple waste and application in detoxification of malachite green. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:90-101. [PMID: 35103576 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2025739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to use pineapple crowns as substrate for optimizing laccase production by Trametes versicolor in lab-scale experiments. One-factor-at-the-time analysis and response surface methodology were used to optimize production. A single laccase with molecular weight of 45 kDa was the main protein produced. A maximal laccase activity of 60.73 ± 1.01 U/g was obtained in 7-day cultures, representing a 6.7-fold increase compared to non-optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were temperature: 28 °C; initial moisture: 90%; glucose: 8.38%; yeast extract: 2.86%. Combining activity and stability, the best conditions for using this laccase during the long periods required by large-scale processes are pH 4.0-5.0 and temperature of 40-50 °C. Under these conditions, the crude laccase was efficient in detoxifying the dye malachite green with a KM of 14.33 ± 1.94 µM and a Vmax of 0.482 ± 0.029 µM/min with 0.1 units/mL. It can be concluded that pineapple crown leaves can be effectively used as substrate by T. versicolor for producing laccase under solid-state culture conditions. Laccase is an industrially relevant enzyme and its production with concomitant valorization of pineapple crowns as substrate offers highly interesting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanueli Backes
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila G Kato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Tamires B V da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Thaís M Uber
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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15
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Clark M, Tepper K, Petroll K, Kumar S, Sunna A, Maselko M. Bioremediation of Industrial Pollutants by Insects Expressing a Fungal Laccase. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:308-316. [PMID: 34882406 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate management of household and industrial wastes poses major challenges to human and environmental health. Advances in synthetic biology may help address these challenges by engineering biological systems to perform new functions such as biomanufacturing of high-value compounds from low-value waste streams and bioremediation of industrial pollutants. The current emphasis on microbial systems for biomanufacturing, which often requires highly preprocessed inputs and sophisticated infrastructure, is not feasible for many waste streams. Furthermore, concerns about transgene biocontainment have limited the release of engineered microbes or plants for bioremediation. Engineering of animals may provide opportunities for utilizing various waste streams that are not suitable for microbial biomanufacturing while effective transgene biocontainment options should enable in situ bioremediation. Here, we engineer the model insect Drosophila melanogaster to express a functional laccase from the fungus Trametes trogii. Laccase-expressing flies reduced concentrations of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A by more than 50% when present in their growth media. A lyophilized powder prepared from engineered adult flies retained substantial enzymatic activity, degrading more than 90% of bisphenol A and the textile dye indigo carmine in aqueous solutions. Our results demonstrate that transgenic animals may be used to bioremediate environmental contaminants in vivo and serve as novel production platforms for industrial enzymes. These results support further development of insects, and possibly other animals, as bioproduction platforms and their potential use in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Clark
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kate Tepper
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kerstin Petroll
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sheemal Kumar
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane 4001 QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3219, Australia
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16
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Baluyot JC, Santos HK, Batoctoy DCR, Torreno VPM, Ghimire LB, Joson SEA, Obusan MCM, Yu ET, Bela-ong DB, Gerona RR, Velarde MC. Diaporthe/Phomopsis longicolla degrades an array of bisphenol analogues with secreted laccase. Microbiol Res 2022; 257:126973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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17
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Jasińska A, Soboń A, Różalska S, Średnicka P. Bisphenol A Removal by the Fungus Myrothecium roridumIM 6482-Analysis of the Cellular and Subcellular Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910676. [PMID: 34639017 PMCID: PMC8509184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol (BPA) is a key ingredient in the production of epoxy resins and some types of plastics, which can be released into the environment and alter the endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. In this study, the ability of the fungus M. roridumIM 6482 to BPA elimination was investigated. LC-MS/MS analysis showed almost complete removal of BPA from the growth medium within 72 h of culturing. Products of BPA biotransformation were identified, and their estrogenic activity was found to be lower than that of the parent compound. Extracellular laccase activity was identified as the main mechanism of BPA elimination. It was observed that BPA induced oxidative stress in fungal cells manifested as the enhancement in ROS production, membranes permeability and lipids peroxidation. These oxidative stress markers were reduced after BPA biodegradation (72 h of culturing). Intracellular proteome analyses performed using 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF technique allowed identifying 69 proteins in a sample obtained from the BPA containing culture. There were mainly structural and regulator proteins but also oxidoreductive and antioxidative agents, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. The obtained results broaden the knowledge on BPA elimination by microscopic fungi and may contribute to the development of BPA biodegradation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jasińska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence: anna.jasiń; Tel.: +48-42635-47-17
| | - Adrian Soboń
- LabExperts, 14 Sokola Street, 93-519 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology–State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Ousaadi MI, Merouane F, Berkani M, Almomani F, Vasseghian Y, Kitouni M. Valorization and optimization of agro-industrial orange waste for the production of enzyme by halophilic Streptomyces sp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111494. [PMID: 34171373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study underlines the biotechnical valorization of the accumulated and unusable remains of agro-industrial orange fruit peel waste to produce α-amylase under submerged conditions by Streptomyces sp. KP314280 (20r). The response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to model and optimize the conditions for the α-amylase production. Four independent variables were evaluated for α-amylase activity including substrate concentration, inoculum size, sodium chloride powder (NaCl), and pH. A ten-fold cross-validation indicated that the ANN has a greater ability than the RSM to predict the α-amylase activity (R2ANN = 0.884 and R2RSM = 0.725). The analysis of variance indicated that the aforementioned four factors significantly affected the α-amylase activity. Additionally, the α-amylase production experiments were conducted according to the optimal conditions generated by the GA. The results indicated that the amylase yield increased by 4-fold. Moreover, the α-amylase production (12.19 U/mL) in the optimized medium was compatible with the predicted conditions outlined by the ANN-GA model (12.62 U/mL). As such, the ANN and GA combination is optimizable for α-amylase production and exhibits an accurate prediction which provides an alternative to other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Imene Ousaadi
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fateh Merouane
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Kitouni
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologie et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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19
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Zhuo R, Fan F. A comprehensive insight into the application of white rot fungi and their lignocellulolytic enzymes in the removal of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146132. [PMID: 33714829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems resultant from organic pollutants are a major current challenge for modern societies. White rot fungi (WRF) are well known for their extensive organic compound degradation abilities. The unique oxidative and extracellular ligninolytic systems of WRF that exhibit low substrate specificity, enable them to display a considerable ability to transform or degrade different environmental contaminants. In recent decades, WRF and their ligninolytic enzymes have been widely applied in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), pesticides, synthetic dyes, and other environmental pollutants, wherein promising results have been achieved. This review focuses on advances in WRF-based bioremediation of organic pollutants over the last 10 years. We comprehensively document the application of WRF and their lignocellulolytic enzymes for removing organic pollutants. Moreover, potential problems and intriguing observations that are worthy of additional research attention are highlighted. Lastly, we discuss trends in WRF-remediation system development and avenues that should be considered to advance research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Debnath R, Mistry P, Roy P, Roy B, Saha T. Partial purification and characterization of a thermophilic and alkali-stable laccase of Phoma herbarum isolate KU4 with dye-decolorization efficiency. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:901-918. [PMID: 33586595 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1875235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of an extracellular thermophilic and alkali stable laccase from Phoma herbarum isolate KU4 was reported for the first time, both in submerged fermentation (SmF, highest 1590 U/mL) and solid state fermentation (SSF, highest 2014.21 U/mL) using agro-industrial residues. The laccase was partially purified to 7.93 fold with the apparent molecular weight of 298 kDa. The enzyme had pH optimum at 5.0 and temperature optimum at 50 °C, with maximum stability at pH 8.0. It showed activity towards various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. The kinetic parameters, Km, Vmax and Kcat of the laccase for DMP were 0.216 mM, 270.27 U/mg and 506.69 s-1, respectively. Laccase activity was inhibited by various metal ions and conventional inhibitors, however, it was slightly increased by Zn2+. The laccase showed good decolorization efficiency towards four industrial dyes, namely, methyl violet (75.66%), methyl green (65%), indigo carmine (58%) and neutral red (42%) within 24 h. FTIR analysis of the decolorized products confirmed the degradation of the dyes. The decolorization efficiency of the enzyme suggests that the partially purified laccase could be used to decolorize synthetic dyes present in industrial effluents and for waste water treatments. The thermophilic and alkali stable laccase may also have wider potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Debnath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Prasenjit Mistry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Priyabrata Roy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Brindaban Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Tanima Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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21
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Barcelos MCS, Ramos CL, Kuddus M, Rodriguez-Couto S, Srivastava N, Ramteke PW, Mishra PK, Molina G. Enzymatic potential for the valorization of agro-industrial by-products. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1799-1827. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Sujarit K, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Jatuwong K, Vadthanarat S, Lumyong S. Cultivation of Mushrooms and Their Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production Through the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122811. [PMID: 32570772 PMCID: PMC7355594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of agro-industrial waste is produced worldwide in various agricultural sectors and by different food industries. The disposal and burning of this waste have created major global environmental problems. Agro-industrial waste mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, all of which are collectively defined as lignocellulosic materials. This waste can serve as a suitable substrate in the solid-state fermentation process involving mushrooms. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies. Therefore, mushroom cultivation can be considered a prominent biotechnological process for the reduction and valorization of agro-industrial waste. Such waste is generated as a result of the eco-friendly conversion of low-value by-products into new resources that can be used to produce value-added products. Here, we have produced a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature. This overview has focused on the use of agro-industrial waste as a growth substrate for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Sujarit
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand;
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Agricultural Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Kritsana Jatuwong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Santhiti Vadthanarat
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (J.K.); (N.S.); (K.J.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +668-1881-3658
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23
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Guo Y, Qin X, Tang Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Zhao L. CotA laccase, a novel aflatoxin oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis, transforms aflatoxin B 1 to aflatoxin Q 1 and epi-aflatoxin Q 1. Food Chem 2020; 325:126877. [PMID: 32387986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the CotA protein from Bacillus licheniformis ANSB821 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Apart from the laccase activities, we found that the recombinant CotA could effectively oxidize aflatoxin B1 in the absence of redox mediators. The Km, Kcat and Vmax values of the recombinant CotA towards aflatoxin B1 were 60.62 μM, 0.03 s-1 and 10.08 μg min-1 mg-1, respectively. CotA-mediated aflatoxin B1 degradation products were purified and identified to be aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1. The treatment of human liver cells L-02 with aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1 did not suppress cell viability and induce apoptosis. Molecular docking simulation revealed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interaction played an important role in aflatoxin B1-CotA stability. These findings in the current study are promising for a possible application of CotA as a novel aflatoxin oxidase in degrading AFB1 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Wang F, Xu L, Zhao L, Ding Z, Ma H, Terry N. Fungal Laccase Production from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation: A Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E665. [PMID: 31835316 PMCID: PMC6955899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are copper-containing oxidase enzymes found in many fungi. They have received increasing research attention because of their broad substrate specificity and applicability in industrial processes, such as pulp delignification, textile bleaching, phenolic removal, and biosensors. In comparison with traditional submerged fermentation (SF), solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a simpler technique for laccase production and has many advantages, including higher productivity, efficiency, and enzyme stability as well as reduced production costs and environmental pollution. Here, we review recent advances in laccase production technology, with focus on the following areas: (i) Characteristics and advantages of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes used as SSF substrates of laccase production, including detailed suggestions for the selection of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes; (ii) Comparison of fungal laccase production from lignocellulosic substrates by either SSF or SF; (iii) Fungal performance and strain screening in laccase production from lignocellulosic agricultural wastes by SSF; (iv) Applications of laccase production under SSF; and (v) Suggestions and avenues for future studies of laccase production by fungal SSF with lignocellulosic materials and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (L.X.); (H.M.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (L.X.); (H.M.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (L.X.); (H.M.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Norman Terry
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
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Rodrigues EM, Karp SG, Malucelli LC, Helm CV, Alvarez TM. Evaluation of laccase production by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged and solid-state fermentation using different inducers. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:784-791. [PMID: 31259434 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases with high potential for industrial applications. Several basidiomycete fungi are natural producers of this enzyme; however, the optimization of production and selection of inducers for increased productivity coupled with low costs is necessary. Lignocellulosic residues are important lignin sources and potential inducers for laccase production. Pinus taeda, a dominant source of wood-based products, has not been investigated for this purpose yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of laccase by the basidiomycete fungus Ganoderma lucidum in the presence of different inducers in submerged and solid-state fermentation. The results of submerged fermentation in presence of 5 μM CuSO 4 , 2 mM ferulic acid, 0.1 g/L P. taeda sawdust, or 0.05 g/L Kraft lignin indicated that although all the tested inducers promoted increase in laccase activity in specific periods of time, the presence of 2 mM ferulic acid resulted in the highest value of laccase activity (49 U/L). Considering the submerged fermentation, experimental design following the Plackett-Burman method showed that the concentrations of ferulic acid and P. taeda sawdust had a significant influence on the laccase activity. The highest value of 785 U/L of laccase activity on submerged fermentation was obtained on the seventh day of cultivation. Finally, solid-state fermentation cultures in P. taeda using ferulic acid or CuSO 4 as inducers resulted in enzymatic activities of 144.62 and 149.89 U/g, respectively, confirming the potential of this approach for laccase production by G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euderléia M Rodrigues
- Master Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Positivo (UP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan G Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucca C Malucelli
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management, Universidade Positivo (UP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristiane V Helm
- Embrapa Florestas, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thabata M Alvarez
- Master Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Positivo (UP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Saroyan H, Ntagiou D, Samanidou V, Deliyanni E. Modified graphene oxide as manganese oxide support for bisphenol A degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:524-534. [PMID: 30901647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hydroxide modified graphene oxide was used as manganese oxide support for the preparation of three nanocomposite catalysts via an one-pot preparation route, for the degradation of an endocrine disruptor, bisphenol-A. The nanocomposites were characterized for their structure by X-ray diffraction, for their morphology with scanning electron microscopy and for their surface chemistry with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration and thermal analysis measurements. The nanocomposites prepared showed to possess high catalytic activity for the degradation/oxidation of bisphenol-A at ambient conditions, without light irradiation and/or the addition of oxidants, which was higher than that of the pure manganese oxides and can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the manganese oxide and the modified graphene oxide. The increase degradation of bisphenol-A presented by the nanocomposite with the higher manganese percentage could be attributed to the different manganese oxide phase formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayarpi Saroyan
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ntagiou
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Deliyanni
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Singh J, Kumar P, Saharan V, Kapoor RK. Simultaneous laccase production and transformation of bisphenol-A and triclosan using Trametes versicolor. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:129. [PMID: 30863708 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New age micro-pollutants, bisphenol-A (BPA) and triclosan (TCA), known for their carcinogenic effects in living organisms can effectively be removed from water using laccase from Trametes versicolor. Laccase was produced from T. versicolor JSRK13 in both submerged and solid-state fermentation (SmF and SSF) conditions. In SmF, T. versicolor JSRK13 gave the maximum production of laccase on the 10th day with an activity of 22 U mL- 1, whereas, in SSF 185 U g- 1 of the enzyme was produced on the 17th day. Maximum production of laccase was observed with Parthenium as substrate. Parthenium, with a particle size of 3-5 mm having 60% moisture was found to be a suitable substrate for laccase production and simultaneous transformation (LPST) of BPA in a synergistic manner. A one-step concentration using 85% ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis was sufficient to give 6.7-fold purification of laccase from the crude culture filtrate. Transformation of BPA was achieved in both SmF and SSF conditions along with the production of laccase, whereas TCA was degraded with free enzyme only. Above 90% of BPA (55-5 mg L- 1) was degraded using the LPST strategy with HBT acting as a mediator in the reaction. LPST strategy did not work for TCA as it completely inhibits the growth of T. versicolor JSRK13. TCA was degraded up to 75% (1.5-0.375 mg L- 1) by the free enzyme. Our study of simultaneous laccase production and transformation proved to be efficacious in case of BPA. The results indicate that industrial and sewage wastewater containing BPA can potentially be treated with T. versicolor JSRK13 laccase. The described strategy can further be used to develop a bioprocess which can work both on solid and liquid wastes containing BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh
- 1Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Punit Kumar
- 2Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vicky Saharan
- 1Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- 1Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Fu M, Xing J, Ge Z. Preparation of laccase-loaded magnetic nanoflowers and their recycling for efficient degradation of bisphenol A. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2857-2865. [PMID: 30463138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been identified as one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals. However, the issue that BPA widely exists in various environments has puzzled people for decades. To develop highly efficient, easy separation, recyclable and reusable materials for BPA degradation in water, laccase-loaded magnetic nanoflowers (MNFs) were prepared by attaching amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles onto the laccase-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. Characterization results showed that MNFs were spherical, porous and hierarchical structure with an average diameter of 15 μm to which magnetic nanoparticles was successfully attached through electrostatic force. MNFs exhibited excellent catalytic activity on BPA degradation under room temperature in the presence of ABTS. Under optimized conditions, MNFs reached 100% BPA degradation for only 5 min. In addition, it still retained over 92% of its initial activity after 60 days of storage at 4 °C, indicating that its thermal and storage stabilities have been improved. When the MNFs was recycled and reused 5 cycles, only 5% decrease in degradation efficiency of BPA was observed. These results suggest that MNFs possess great efficiency and reusability in the treatment of aqueous solution containing BPA and is a novel promising material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Gupta A, Jana AK. Production of laccase by repeated batch semi-solid fermentation using wheat straw as substrate and support for fungal growth. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:499-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Coelho-Moreira JDS, Brugnari T, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Castoldi R, de Souza CG, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Evaluation of diuron tolerance and biotransformation by the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:471-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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