1
|
Kościuszko M, Buczyńska A, Łuka K, Duraj E, Żuk-Czerniawska K, Adamska A, Siewko K, Wiatr A, Krętowski AJ, Popławska-Kita A. Assessing the impact of body composition, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters on insulin resistance as a prognostic marker for reactive hypoglycemia: a cross-sectional study in overweight, obese, and normal weight individuals. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1329802. [PMID: 38655176 PMCID: PMC11035812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1329802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR), particularly in its association with obesity. This study evaluate both the diagnostic and clinical significance of assessing oxidative status in patients affected by overweight and obesity displaying IR, especially with reactive hypoglycemic episodes (RH). A comprehensive examination of OS biomarkers was carried out, encompassing measurements of total oxidative capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our analysis results reveal noteworthy connections between OS levels and the severity of IR in overweight and obese patients. Moreover, in the study, we demonstrated the diagnostic utility of serum concentrations of TAC and TOC as indicators of the risk of RH, the occurrence of which, even at the stage of overweight, may be associated with increased OS and further development of obesity. Our findings imply that the evaluation of oxidative status could serve as a crucial diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients observed with IR and overweight and obesity. In conclusion, our study underscores the potential utility of assessing oxidative status in the context of IR and highlights the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of overweight and obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kościuszko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Duraj
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Żuk-Czerniawska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wiatr
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ke Z, Lu Z, Li Q, Tong W. Intestinal glucose excretion: A potential mechanism for glycemic control. Metabolism 2024; 152:155743. [PMID: 38007149 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The gut has been increasingly recognized in recent years as a pivotal organ in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Specifically, the profound and enduring improvement in glucose metabolism achieved through metabolic surgery to modify the anatomy of the gut has prompted scholars to acknowledge that the most effective strategy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves the gut. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of glucose metabolism by the gut encompass gut hormones, bile acids, intestinal gluconeogenesis, gut microbiota, and signaling interactions between the gut and other organs (liver, brain, adipose, etc.). Recent studies have also revealed a novel phenomenon of glucose lowering through the gut: metabolic surgery and metformin promote the excretion of glucose from the circulation into the intestinal lumen by enterocytes. However, there is still limited understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms of intestinal glucose excretion and its contribution to glycemic control. This article reviews current research on intestinal glucose excretion while focusing on its role in T2DM management as well as potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zongshi Lu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weidong Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jha D, Prajapati SK, Deb PK, Jaiswal M, Mazumder PM. Madhuca longifolia-hydro-ethanolic-fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and modulates selective GLUT expression in diabetic mice fed with high fat diet. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:209. [PMID: 38270737 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorder is characterized as chronic low-grade inflammation which elevates the systemic inflammatory markers. The proposed hypothesis behind this includes occurrence of hypoxia due to intake of high fat diet leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. AIM In the present work our aim was to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of hydroethanolic fraction of M. longifolia leaves against the metabolic disorder. METHOD AND RESULTS In the present investigation, effect of Madhuca longifolia hydroethanolic fraction (MLHEF) on HFD induced obesity and diabetes through mitochondrial action and selective GLUT expression has been studied. In present work, it was observed that HFD (50% of diet) on chronic administration aggravates the metabolic problems by causing reduced imbalanced oxidative stress, ATP production, and altered selective GLUT protein expression. Long term HFD administration reduced (p < 0.001) the SOD, CAT level significantly along with elevated liver function marker AST and ALT. MLHEF administration diminishes this oxidative stress. HFD administration also causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio owing to suppressed mitochondrial function and elevating LDH level. This oxidative imbalance further leads to dysregulated GLUT expression in hepatocytes, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. HFD leads to significant (p < 0.001) upregulation in GLUT 1 and 3 expression while significant (p < 0.001) downregulation in GLUT 2 and 4 expressions in WAT, liver and skeletal muscles. Administration of MLHEF significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the LDH level and also reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Imbalances in GLUT levels were significantly reversed in order to maintain GLUT expression in tissues on the administration of MLHEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carbó R, Rodríguez E. Relevance of Sugar Transport across the Cell Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076085. [PMID: 37047055 PMCID: PMC10094530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transport through the plasma membrane is one of the most critical events in the cellular transport of nutrients; for example, glucose has a central role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. The way sugars enter the cell involves complex systems. Diverse protein systems participate in the membrane traffic of the sugars from the extracellular side to the cytoplasmic side. This diversity makes the phenomenon highly regulated and modulated to satisfy the different needs of each cell line. The beautiful thing about this process is how evolutionary processes have diversified a single function: to move glucose into the cell. The deregulation of these entrance systems causes some diseases. Hence, it is necessary to study them and search for a way to correct the alterations and utilize these mechanisms to promote health. This review will highlight the various mechanisms for importing the valuable sugars needed to create cellular homeostasis and survival in all kinds of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Carbó
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55557-32911 (ext. 25704)
| | - Emma Rodríguez
- Cardiology Laboratory at Translational Research Unit UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano #1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oh JH, Kang CW, Wang EK, Nam JH, Lee S, Park KH, Lee EJ, Cho A, Ku CR. Altered Glucose Metabolism and Glucose Transporters in Systemic Organs After Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937394. [PMID: 35909546 PMCID: PMC9329688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly effective in the remission of obesity and associated diabetes. The mechanisms underlying obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remission after RYGB remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in continuous dynamic FDG uptake patterns after RYGB and examine the correlation between glucose metabolism and its transporters in variable endocrine organs using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography images. Increased glucose metabolism in specific organs, such as the small intestine and various fat tissues, is closely associated with improved glycemic control after RYGB. In Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats fed with high-fat diets, RYGB operation increases intestine glucose transporter expression and various fat tissues' glucose transporters, which are not affected by insulin. The fasting glucose decrement was significantly associated with RYGB, sustained weight loss, post-RYGB oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) area under the curve (AUC), glucose transporter, or glycolytic enzymes in the small bowel and various fat tissues. High intestinal glucose metabolism and white adipose tissue-dependent glucose metabolism correlated with metabolic benefit after RYGB. These findings suggest that the newly developed glucose biodistribution accompanied by increased glucose transporters is a mechanism associated with the systemic effect of RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Oh
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Nam
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Hye Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Cheol Ryong Ku, ; Arthur Cho,
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Cheol Ryong Ku, ; Arthur Cho,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin AM, Jones LA, Jessup CF, Sun EW, Keating DJ. Diet differentially regulates enterochromaffin cell serotonin content, density and nutrient sensitivity in the mouse small and large intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13869. [PMID: 32378785 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterochromaffin (EC) cells are specialized enteroendocrine cells lining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the source of almost all serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the body. Gut-derived 5-HT has a plethora of physiological roles, including regulation of gastrointestinal motility, and has been implicated as a driver of obesity and metabolic disease. This is due to 5-HT influencing key metabolic processes, such as hepatic gluconeogenesis, adipose tissue lipolysis and hindering thermogenic capacity. Increased circulating 5-HT occurs in humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, despite the known metabolic roles of gut-derived 5-HT, the mechanisms underlying the cellular-level change in EC cells under obesogenic conditions remains unknown. METHODS We use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) to identify the regional changes that occur in primary EC cells from the duodenum and colon. Transcriptional changes in the nutrient sensing profile of primary EC cells were assessed, and responses to nutrient stimuli in culture were determined by 5-HT ELISA. KEY RESULTS We find that obesogenic conditions affect EC cells in a region-dependent manner. Duodenal EC cells from DIO mice have impaired sugar sensing even in the presence of increased 5-HT content per cell, while colonic EC cell numbers are significantly increased, but have unaltered nutrient sensing capacity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our findings from this study add novel insights into the mechanisms by which functional changes to EC cells occur at a cellular level, which may contribute to the altered circulating 5-HT seen with obesity and metabolic disease, and associated gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M Martin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lauren A Jones
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily W Sun
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stillhart C, Vučićević K, Augustijns P, Basit AW, Batchelor H, Flanagan TR, Gesquiere I, Greupink R, Keszthelyi D, Koskinen M, Madla CM, Matthys C, Miljuš G, Mooij MG, Parrott N, Ungell AL, de Wildt SN, Orlu M, Klein S, Müllertz A. Impact of gastrointestinal physiology on drug absorption in special populations––An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 147:105280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Chen WL, Jin X, Wang M, Liu D, Luo Q, Tian H, Cai L, Meng L, Bi R, Wang L, Xie X, Yu G, Li L, Dong C, Cai Q, Jia W, Wei W, Jia L. GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization drives lung cancer growth by stimulating fatty acid synthesis and AMPK/mTORC1 signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131596. [PMID: 32051337 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its rapid growth requires hyperactive catabolism of principal metabolic fuels. It is unclear whether fructose, an abundant sugar in current diets, is essential for LC. We demonstrated that, under the condition of coexistence of metabolic fuels in the body, fructose was readily used by LC cells in vivo as a glucose alternative via upregulating GLUT5, a major fructose transporter encoded by solute carrier family 2 member 5 (SLC2A5). Metabolomic profiling coupled with isotope tracing demonstrated that incorporated fructose was catabolized to fuel fatty acid synthesis and palmitoleic acid generation in particular to expedite LC growth in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo supplement of palmitoleic acid could restore impaired LC propagation caused by SLC2A5 deletion. Furthermore, molecular mechanism investigation revealed that GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization was required to suppress AMPK and consequently activate mTORC1 activity to promote LC growth. As such, pharmacological blockade of in vivo fructose utilization using a GLUT5 inhibitor remarkably curtailed LC growth. Together, this study underscores the importance of in vivo fructose utilization mediated by GLUT5 in governing LC growth and highlights a promising strategy to treat LC by targeting GLUT5 to eliminate those fructose-addicted neoplastic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hechuan Tian
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Meng
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Dong
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Browning MG, Pessoa BM, Khoraki J, Campos GM. Changes in Bile Acid Metabolism, Transport, and Signaling as Central Drivers for Metabolic Improvements After Bariatric Surgery. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:175-184. [PMID: 30847736 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review current evidence regarding changes in bile acid (BA) metabolism, transport, and signaling after bariatric surgery and how these might bolster fat mass loss and energy expenditure to promote improvements in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RECENT FINDINGS The two most common bariatric techniques, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), increase the size and alter the composition of the circulating BA pool that may then impact energy metabolism through altered activities of BA targets in the many tissues perfused by systemic blood. Recent reports in human patients indicate that gene expression of the major BA target, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), is increased in the liver but decreased in the small intestine after RYGB. In contrast, intestinal expression of the transmembrane G protein-coupled BA receptor (TGR5) is upregulated after surgery. Despite these apparent conflicting changes in receptor transcription, changes in BAs after both RYGB and VSG are associated with elevated postprandial systemic levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 (from FXR activation) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (from TGR5 activation). These signaling activities are presumed to support fat mass loss and related metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery, and this supposition is in agreement with findings from rodent models of RYGB and VSG. However, inter-species differences in BA physiology limit direct translation and mechanistic understanding of how changes in individual BA species contribute to post-operative improvements of T2D and NAFLD in humans. Thus, details of all these changes and their influences on BAs' biological actions are still under scrutiny. Changes in BA physiology and receptor activities after RYGB and VSG likely support weight loss and promote sustained metabolic improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Browning
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980519, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Bernardo M Pessoa
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980519, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jad Khoraki
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980519, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Guilherme M Campos
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1200 East Broad Street, PO Box 980519, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jha D, Mitra Mazumder P. High fat diet administration leads to the mitochondrial dysfunction and selectively alters the expression of class 1 GLUT protein in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1727-1736. [PMID: 30725350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an agglomeration of disorders including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and characterized as chronic mild inflammation which elevates the circulatory inflammatory markers. This could be due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hypoxia as a consequence of high fat diet (HFD) intake. The present study focuses on the effects of HFD on lactate and mitochondrial metabolism as well as tissue dependent changes in glucose transporter (GLUT) expression in liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue of mouse. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial dysfunction established the link between the occurrences of metabolic stress due to HFD. In this work, it was observed that chronic HFD administration aggravated the metabolic alterations by causing reduced ATP production, imbalanced oxidative stress and altered class 1 GLUTs expression. Chronic HFD significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities alongside elevated liver injury markers AST and ALT. This in turn causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio, mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated LDH levels. This imbalance further led to altered GLUT expression in hepatic cells, adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. HFD significantly (p < 0.001) upregulated the GLUT 1 and 3 expressions while significant downregulated (p < 0.001) GLUT 2 and 4 expression in liver, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. These results revealed the link between class 1 GLUTs, mitochondrial dysfunction and HFD-induced metabolic disorder. It can be concluded that HFD impacts mitochondrial metabolism and reprograms tissue-dependent glucose transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hansen NW, Sams A. The Microbiotic Highway to Health-New Perspective on Food Structure, Gut Microbiota, and Host Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1590. [PMID: 30380701 PMCID: PMC6267475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides evidence that not only the content of nutrients but indeed the structural organization of nutrients is a major determinant of human health. The gut microbiota provides nutrients for the host by digesting food structures otherwise indigestible by human enzymes, thereby simultaneously harvesting energy and delivering nutrients and metabolites for the nutritional and biological benefit of the host. Microbiota-derived nutrients, metabolites, and antigens promote the development and function of the host immune system both directly by activating cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and indirectly by sustaining release of monosaccharides, stimulating intestinal receptors and secreting gut hormones. Multiple indirect microbiota-dependent biological responses contribute to glucose homeostasis, which prevents hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory conditions. The composition and function of the gut microbiota vary between individuals and whereas dietary habits influence the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota influences both the nutritional and biological homeostasis of the host. A healthy gut microbiota requires the presence of beneficial microbiotic species as well as vital food structures to ensure appropriate feeding of the microbiota. This review focuses on the impact of plant-based food structures, the "fiber-encapsulated nutrient formulation", and on the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participate in host immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wærling Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Barrenetxe J, Villaro AC, Lostao MP. GLUT12 expression and regulation in murine small intestine and human Caco-2 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4396-4408. [PMID: 30352123 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GLUT12 was cloned from the mammary cancer cell line MCF-7, but its physiological role still needs to be elucidated. To gain more knowledge of GLUT12 function in the intestine, we investigated GLUT12 subcellular localization in the small intestine and its regulation by sugars, hormones, and intracellular mediators in Caco-2 cells and mice. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine GLUT12 subcellular localization in human and murine small intestine. Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated for western blot analyses. Functional studies were performed in Caco-2 cells by measuring α-methyl-d-glucose (αMG) uptake in the absence of sodium. GLUT12 is located in the apical cytoplasm, below the brush border membrane, and in the perinuclear region of murine and human enterocytes. In Caco-2 cells, GLUT12 translocation to the apical membrane and α-methyl- d-glucose uptake by the transporter are stimulated by protons, glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), protein kinase C, and AMP-activated protein kinase. In contrast, hypoxia decreases GLUT12 expression in the apical membrane. Upregulation of TNF-α and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α ( HIF-1α) genes is found in the jejunal mucosa of diet-induced obese mice. In these animals, GLUT12 expression in the brush border membrane is slightly decreased compared with lean animals. Moreover, an intraperitoneal injection of insulin does not induce GLUT12 translocation to the membrane, as it occurs in lean animals. GLUT12 rapid translocation to the enterocytes' apical membrane in response to glucose and insulin could be related to GLUT12 participation in sugar absorption during postprandial periods. In obesity, in which insulin sensitivity is reduced, the contribution of GLUT12 to sugar absorption is affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Barrenetxe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Villaro
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutrition Research Centre, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
SIRT3 deacetylates and promotes degradation of P53 in PTEN-defective non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:189-198. [PMID: 29103158 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), success of targeted therapy has promoted researches explicitly orientated based on genetic background. Although PTEN deficiency is common in NSCLC, carcinogenesis about such genetic type has not been fully explored. Here, we have found that classical tumor suppressor P53 could be modulated by deacetylase sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) depending on the PTEN condition in NSCLC, which may be a novel breakpoint for handling PTEN deficiency NSCLC. METHODS First, we examined SIRT3 and P53 expression files in PTEN-deficient NSCLC clinical samples and investigated their correlation. Second, we built SIRT3 high or low expression models in different PTEN conditions by plasmid overexpression or si-RNA interference in NSCLC cell lines and explored the effect of SIRT3 upon P53. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of SIRT3 upon the ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation pathway of P53 in PTEN-deficient NSCLC cell lines. Finally, we probed into the deacetylation modification of P53 via SIRT3. RESULTS We found that SIRT3 expression was strongly positive and P53 expression was almost negative in PTEN-deficient NSCLC clinical samples. Further, we demonstrated that SIRT3 promoted degradation of P53 in PTEN-deficient NSCLC cell lines via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that SIRT3 could deacetylate P53 at lysines 320 and 382, which may account for the observed degradation of P53 in PTEN-deficient tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel mechanism by which P53 was inactivated via SIRT3 in PTEN-deficient cells. This may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the malignancy of PTEN-deficient NSCLC.
Collapse
|