1
|
Skoczynski K, Kraus A, Daniel C, Büttner-Herold M, Amann K, Schiffer M, Hermann K, Herrnberger-Eimer L, Tamm ER, Buchholz B. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin promotes metanephric kidney development. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:963-974. [PMID: 38563997 PMCID: PMC11139724 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Complex interactions of the branching ureteric bud (UB) and surrounding mesenchymal cells during metanephric kidney development determine the final number of nephrons. Impaired nephron endowment predisposes to arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease. In the kidney, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are usually regarded as acellular scaffolds or as the common histological end-point of chronic kidney diseases. Since only little is known about their physiological role in kidney development, we aimed for analyzing the expression and role of fibronectin. In mouse, fibronectin was expressed during all stages of kidney development with significant changes over time. At embryonic day (E) 12.5 and E13.5, fibronectin lined the UB epithelium, which became less pronounced at E16.5 and then switched to a glomerular expression in the postnatal and adult kidneys. Similar results were obtained in human kidneys. Deletion of fibronectin at E13.5 in cultured metanephric mouse kidneys resulted in reduced kidney sizes and impaired glomerulogenesis following reduced cell proliferation and branching of the UB epithelium. Fibronectin colocalized with alpha 8 integrin and fibronectin loss caused a reduction in alpha 8 integrin expression, release of glial-derived neurotrophic factor and expression of Wnt11, both of which are promoters of UB branching. In conclusion, the ECM protein fibronectin acts as a regulator of kidney development and is a determinant of the final nephron number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Skoczynski
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Kraus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Hermann
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Buchholz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Shu H, Chu Y, Li L. Research progress on multiple cell death pathways of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:135. [PMID: 37828444 PMCID: PMC10571269 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and its clinical manifestations are progressive proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and renal failure. The injury and death of glomerular podocytes are the keys to DKD. Currently, a variety of cell death modes have been identified in podocytes, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc. The signaling pathways leading to these cell death processes are interconnected and can be activated simultaneously or in parallel. They are essential for cell survival and death that determine the fate of cells. With the deepening of the research on the mechanism of cell death, more and more researchers have devoted their attention to the underlying pathologic research and the drug therapy research of DKD. In this paper, we discussed the podocyte physiologic role and DKD processes. We also provide an overview of the types and specific mechanisms involved in each type of cell death in DKD, as well as related targeted therapy methods and drugs are reviewed. In the last part we discuss the complexity and potential crosstalk between various modes of cell death, which will help improve the understanding of podocyte death and lay a foundation for new and ideal targeted therapy strategies for DKD treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klämbt V, Buerger F, Wang C, Naert T, Richter K, Nauth T, Weiss AC, Sieckmann T, Lai E, Connaughton DM, Seltzsam S, Mann N, Majmundar AJ, Wu CHW, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Shril S, Schneider S, Schierbaum L, Dai R, Bekheirnia MR, Joosten M, Shlomovitz O, Vivante A, Banne E, Mane S, Lifton RP, Kirschner KM, Kispert A, Rosenberger G, Fischer KD, Lienkamp SS, Zegers MM, Hildebrandt F. Genetic Variants in ARHGEF6 Cause Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Humans, Mice, and Frogs. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:273-290. [PMID: 36414417 PMCID: PMC10103091 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 40 disease genes have been described to date for isolated CAKUT, the most common cause of childhood CKD. However, these genes account for only 20% of cases. ARHGEF6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is implicated in biologic processes such as cell migration and focal adhesion, acts downstream of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and parvin proteins. A genetic variant of ILK that causes murine renal agenesis abrogates the interaction of ILK with a murine focal adhesion protein encoded by Parva , leading to CAKUT in mice with this variant. METHODS To identify novel genes that, when mutated, result in CAKUT, we performed exome sequencing in an international cohort of 1265 families with CAKUT. We also assessed the effects in vitro of wild-type and mutant ARHGEF6 proteins, and the effects of Arhgef6 deficiency in mouse and frog models. RESULTS We detected six different hemizygous variants in the gene ARHGEF6 (which is located on the X chromosome in humans) in eight individuals from six families with CAKUT. In kidney cells, overexpression of wild-type ARHGEF6 -but not proband-derived mutant ARHGEF6 -increased active levels of CDC42/RAC1, induced lamellipodia formation, and stimulated PARVA-dependent cell spreading. ARHGEF6-mutant proteins showed loss of interaction with PARVA. Three-dimensional Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures expressing ARHGEF6-mutant proteins exhibited reduced lumen formation and polarity defects. Arhgef6 deficiency in mouse and frog models recapitulated features of human CAKUT. CONCLUSIONS Deleterious variants in ARHGEF6 may cause dysregulation of integrin-parvin-RAC1/CDC42 signaling, thereby leading to X-linked CAKUT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klämbt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Naert
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Richter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Nauth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Sieckmann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Translatationale Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ethan Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dervla M. Connaughton
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amar J. Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chen-Han W. Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Departments of Genetics and Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ana C. Onuchic-Whitford
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luca Schierbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rufeng Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marieke Joosten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ehud Banne
- The Genetics Institute, Kaplan Medical Center—Rehovot, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard P. Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Karin M. Kirschner
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Translatationale Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Rosenberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Soeren S. Lienkamp
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam M.P. Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma A, Meer M, Dapkunas A, Ihermann-Hella A, Kuure S, Vainio SJ, Iber D, Naillat F. FGF8 induces chemokinesis and regulates condensation of mouse nephron progenitor cells. Development 2022; 149:277149. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.201012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Kidneys develop via iterative branching of the ureteric epithelial tree and subsequent nephrogenesis at the branch points. Nephrons form in the cap mesenchyme as the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) condenses around the epithelial ureteric buds (UBs). Previous work has demonstrated that FGF8 is important for the survival of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), and early deletion of Fgf8 leads to the cessation of nephron formation, which results in post-natal lethality. We now reveal a previously unreported function of FGF8. By combining transgenic mouse models, quantitative imaging assays and data-driven computational modelling, we show that FGF8 has a strong chemokinetic effect and that this chemokinetic effect is important for the condensation of NPCs to the UB. The computational model shows that the motility must be lower close to the UB to achieve NPC attachment. We conclude that the FGF8 signalling pathway is crucial for the coordination of NPC condensation at the UB. Chemokinetic effects have also been described for other FGFs and may be generally important for the formation of mesenchymal condensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- University of Oulu 1 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , Oulu 90220, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu 2 , Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Marco Meer
- ETH Zürich 3 Department of Biosystems, Science and Engineering , , Zürich 04058, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 4 , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Arvydas Dapkunas
- University of Helsinki 5 HiLIFE and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine , , Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anneliis Ihermann-Hella
- University of Helsinki 5 HiLIFE and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine , , Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Satu Kuure
- University of Helsinki 5 HiLIFE and Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine , , Helsinki 00014, Finland
- LAC/HiLIFE, and Medicum, University of Helsinki 6 GM-Unit , , Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Seppo J. Vainio
- University of Oulu 1 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , Oulu 90220, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu 2 , Oulu 90220, Finland
- Infotech Oulu 7 , Oulu 90200, Finland
- Borealis Biobank 8 , Oulu 90200, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu 9 , Oulu 90200, Finland
| | - Dagmar Iber
- ETH Zürich 3 Department of Biosystems, Science and Engineering , , Zürich 04058, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 4 , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Florence Naillat
- University of Oulu 1 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , Oulu 90220, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu 2 , Oulu 90220, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Modes of podocyte death in diabetic kidney disease: an update. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1571-1584. [PMID: 35201595 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) accounts for a large proportion of end-stage renal diseases that require renal replacement therapies including dialysis and transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the occurrence and development of DKD. Podocytes are mainly injured during the development of DKD, ultimately leading to their extensive death and loss. In turn, the injury and death of glomerular podocytes are also the main culprits of DKD. This review introduces the characteristics of podocytes and summarizes the modes of their death in DKD, including apoptosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe (MC), anoikis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is characterized by nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies, and it exerts a different effect from autophagy in mediating DKD-induced podocyte loss. MC mediates a faulty mitotic process while anoikis separates podocytes from the basement membrane. Moreover, pyroptosis activates inflammatory factors to aggravate podocyte injuries whilst necroptosis drives signaling cascades, such as receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like, ultimately promoting the death of podocytes. In conclusion, a thorough knowledge of the modes of podocyte death in DKD can help us understand the development of DKD and lay the foundation for strategies in DKD disease therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yazlovitskaya EM, Plosa E, Bock F, Viquez OM, Mernaugh G, Gewin LS, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Blackwell TS, Pozzi A, Zent R. The laminin-binding integrins regulate nuclear factor κB-dependent epithelial cell polarity and inflammation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273835. [PMID: 34841431 PMCID: PMC8729780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main laminin-binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are co-expressed in the developing kidney collecting duct system. We previously showed that deleting the integrin α3 or α6 subunit in the ureteric bud, which gives rise to the kidney collecting system, caused either a mild or no branching morphogenesis phenotype, respectively. To determine whether these two integrin subunits cooperate in kidney collecting duct development, we deleted α3 and α6 in the developing ureteric bud. The collecting system of the double knockout phenocopied the α3 integrin conditional knockout. However, with age, the mice developed severe inflammation and fibrosis around the collecting ducts, resulting in kidney failure. Integrin α3α6-null collecting duct epithelial cells showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and displayed mesenchymal characteristics, causing loss of barrier function. These features resulted from increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity, which regulated the Snail and Slug (also known as Snai1 and Snai2, respectively) transcription factors and their downstream targets. These data suggest that laminin-binding integrins play a key role in the maintenance of kidney tubule epithelial cell polarity and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating NF-κB-dependent signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Yazlovitskaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie S. Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France,Author for correspondence ()
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Autophagy Dysregulation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacological Interventions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092497. [PMID: 34572148 PMCID: PMC8469825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a frequent, potentially devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Several factors are involved in its pathophysiology. At a cellular level, diabetic kidney disease is associated with many structural and functional alterations. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that transports intracytoplasmic components to lysosomes to preserve cellular function and homeostasis. Autophagy integrity is essential for cell homeostasis, its alteration can drive to cell damage or death. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with profound autophagy dysregulation. Autophagy rate and flux alterations were described in several models of diabetic kidney disease. Some of them are closely linked with disease progression and severity. Some antidiabetic agents have shown significant effects on autophagy. A few of them have also demonstrated to modify disease progression and improved outcomes in affected patients. Other drugs also target autophagy and are being explored for clinical use in patients with diabetic kidney disease. The modulation of autophagy could be relevant for the pharmacological treatment and prevention of this disease in the future. Therefore, this is an evolving area that requires further experimental and clinical research. Here we discuss the relationship between autophagy and Diabetic kidney disease and the potential value of autophagy modulation as a target for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuzhalin AE. Parallels between the extracellular matrix roles in developmental biology and cancer biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 128:90-102. [PMID: 34556419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of a tumor with its microenvironment is an emerging field of investigation, and the crosstalk between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix is of particular interest, since cancer patients with abundant and stiff extracellular matrices display a poorer prognosis. At the post-juvenile stage, the extracellular matrix plays predominantly a structural role by providing support to cells and tissues; however, during development, matrix proteins exert a plethora of diverse signals to guide the movement and determine the fate of pluripotent cells. Taking a closer look at the communication between the extracellular matrix and cells of a developing body may bring new insights into cancer biology and identify cancer weaknesses. This review discusses parallels between the extracellular matrix roles during development and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Okamoto T, Nakamura A, Hayashi A, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa Y, Natsuga K, Yanagi K, Hotta K. Successful kidney transplantation in a patient with neonatal-onset ILNEB. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e13971. [PMID: 33470490 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ILNEB constitute an autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of the gene for the ITGA3. To date, 8 ILNEB patients have been reported, but all 6 neonatal-onset ILNEB patients suffered early death within 2 years. The most common cause of death among previously reported ILNEB patients was exacerbation of the respiratory condition. METHODS In this study, we describe a case of ILNEB with neonatal onset in a female patient and the genetic and histopathological testing performed. RESULTS Our patient had a compound heterozygous mutation in ITGA3. Compared to previously reported patients, this patient exhibited milder clinical and histopathological characteristics. After experiencing a life-threatening respiratory infection at 8 months old, the patient started periodic subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment once every 1-2 weeks for nephrotic-range proteinuria-induced secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. At the age of 3 years, proteinuria gradually increased with severe edema despite strict internal management. Therefore, our patient underwent unilateral nephrectomy and insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter followed by another unilateral nephrectomy. One month later, she underwent an ABO-compatible living-donor kidney transplantation at the age of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Our patient is a neonatal-onset ILNEB patient who survived for more than 2 years and underwent successful kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ogawa
- Hokkaido Renal Pathology Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soloyan H, Thornton M, Villani V, Khatchadourian P, Cravedi P, Angeletti A, Grubbs B, De Filippo R, Perin L, Sedrakyan S. Glomerular endothelial cell heterogeneity in Alport syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11414. [PMID: 32651395 PMCID: PMC7351764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) are a crucial component of the glomerular physiology and their damage contributes to the progression of chronic kidney diseases. How GEC affect the pathology of Alport syndrome (AS) however, is unclear. We characterized GEC from wild type (WT) and col4α5 knockout AS mice, a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive renal failure. We used endothelial-specific Tek-tdTomato reporter mice to isolate GEC by FACS and performed transcriptome analysis on them from WT and AS mice, followed by in vitro functional assays and confocal and intravital imaging studies. Biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease, including AS were compared with our findings in mice. We identified two subpopulations of GEC (dimtdT and brighttdT) based on the fluorescence intensity of the TektdT signal. In AS mice, the brighttdT cell number increased and presented differential expression of endothelial markers compared to WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed differences in the immune and metabolic signaling pathways. In AS mice, dimtdT and brighttdT cells had different expression profiles of matrix-associated genes (Svep1, Itgβ6), metabolic activity (Apom, Pgc1α) and immune modulation (Apelin, Icam1) compared to WT mice. We confirmed a new pro-inflammatory role of Apelin in AS mice and in cultured human GEC. Gene modulations were identified comparable to the biopsies from patients with AS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, possibly indicating that the same mechanisms apply to humans. We report the presence of two GEC subpopulations that differ between AS and healthy mice or humans. This finding paves the way to a better understanding of the pathogenic role of GEC in AS progression and could lead to novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Soloyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Patrick Khatchadourian
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roger De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #35, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. .,Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Extracellular matrix, integrins, and focal adhesion signaling in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109646. [PMID: 32311505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the inexorable growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts leads to massively enlarged kidneys, renal interstitial damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, and progressive decline in kidney function. It has long been recognized that interstitial fibrosis is the most important manifestation associated with end-stage renal disease; however, the role of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) production on ADPKD pathogenesis is not fully understood. Early evidence showed that cysts in end-stage human ADPKD kidneys had thickened and extensively laminated cellular basement membranes, and abnormal regulation of gene expression of several basement membrane components, including collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans by cyst epithelial cells. These basement membrane changes were also observed in dilated tubules and small cysts of early ADPKD kidneys, indicating that ECM alterations were early features of cyst development. Renal cystic cells were also found to overexpress several integrins and their ligands, including ECM structural components and soluble matricellular proteins. ECM ligands binding to integrins stimulate focal adhesion formation and can promote cell attachment and migration. Abnormal expression of laminin-332 (laminin-5) and its receptor α6β4 stimulated cyst epithelial cell proliferation; and mice that lacked laminin α5, a component of laminin-511 normally expressed by renal tubules, had an overexpression of laminin-332 that was associated with renal cyst formation. Periostin, a matricellular protein that binds αVβ3- and αVβ5-integrins, was found to be highly overexpressed in the kidneys of ADPKD and autosomal recessive PKD patients, and several rodent models of PKD. αVβ3-integrin is also overexpressed by cystic epithelial cells, and the binding of periostin to αVβ3-integrin activates the integrin-linked kinase and downstream signal transduction pathways involved in tissue repair promoting cyst growth, ECM synthesis, and tissue fibrosis. This chapter reviews the roles of the ECM, integrins, and focal adhesion signaling in cyst growth and fibrosis in PKD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kravets I, Mallipattu SK. The Role of Podocytes and Podocyte-Associated Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa029. [PMID: 32232184 PMCID: PMC7093089 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem. Podocyte injury is a central event in the mechanism of DKD development. Podocytes are terminally differentiated, highly specialized glomerular visceral epithelial cells critical for the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Although potential mechanisms by which diabetic milieu contributes to irreversible loss of podocytes have been described, identification of markers that prognosticate either the development of DKD or the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have only recently made it to the forefront. Currently, the most common marker of early DKD is microalbuminuria; however, this marker has significant limitations: not all diabetic patients with microalbuminuria will progress to ESKD and as many as 30% of patients with DKD have normal urine albumin levels. Several novel biomarkers indicating glomerular or tubular damage precede microalbuminuria, suggesting that the latter develops when significant kidney injury has already occurred. Because podocyte injury plays a key role in DKD pathogenesis, identification of markers of early podocyte injury or loss may play an important role in the early diagnosis of DKD. Such biomarkers in the urine include podocyte-released microparticles as well as expression of podocyte-specific markers. Here, we review the mechanisms by which podocyte injury contributes to DKD as well as key markers that have been recently implicated in the development and/or progression of DKD and might serve to identify individuals that require earlier preventative care and treatment in order to slow the progression to ESKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kravets
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Wen Z, Han L, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Fang X, Zhao L, Tong X. Research Progress on the Pathological Mechanisms of Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7504798. [PMID: 32695831 PMCID: PMC7368941 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is not only an important microvascular complication of diabetes but also the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of DN are closely related to morphological and functional changes in podocytes. A series of morphological changes after podocyte injury in DN mainly include podocyte hypertrophy, podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, podocyte detachment, and podocyte apoptosis; functional changes mainly involve podocyte autophagy. More and more studies have shown that multiple signaling pathways play important roles in the progression of podocyte injury in DN. Here, we review research progress on the pathological mechanism of morphological and functional changes in podocytes associated with DN, to provide a new target for delaying the occurrence and development of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuure S, Sariola H. Mouse Models of Congenital Kidney Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:109-136. [PMID: 32304071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects, which cause the majority of chronic kidney diseases in children. CAKUT covers a wide range of malformations that derive from deficiencies in embryonic kidney and lower urinary tract development, including renal aplasia, hypodysplasia, hypoplasia, ectopia, and different forms of ureter abnormalities. The majority of the genetic causes of CAKUT remain unknown. Research on mutant mice has identified multiple genes that critically regulate renal differentiation. The data generated from this research have served as an excellent resource to identify the genetic bases of human kidney defects and have led to significantly improved diagnostics. Furthermore, genetic data from human CAKUT studies have also revealed novel genes regulating kidney differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satu Kuure
- GM-Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Sariola
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Paediatric Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang MZ. Notch signaling is essential in collecting duct epithelial cell fate determination during development and maintenance of cell type homeostasis in adult. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S376. [PMID: 32016094 PMCID: PMC6976490 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Louzao-Martinez L, van Dijk CG, Xu YJ, Korn A, Bekker NJ, Brouwhuis R, Nicese MN, Demmers JA, Goumans MJT, Masereeuw R, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. A proteome comparison between human fetal and mature renal extracellular matrix identifies EMILIN1 as a regulator of renal epithelial cell adhesion. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 4:100011. [PMID: 33543009 PMCID: PMC7852202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based approaches using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to replace damaged renal tissue with 3D constructs is a promising emerging therapy for kidney disease. Besides living cells, a template provided by a scaffold based on biomaterials and bioactive factors is needed for successful kidney engineering. Nature's own template for a scaffolding system is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Research has focused on mapping the mature renal ECM; however, the developing fetal ECM matches more the active environment required in 3D renal constructs. Here, we characterized the differences between the human fetal and mature renal ECM using spectrometry-based proteomics of decellularized tissue. We identified 99 different renal ECM proteins of which the majority forms an overlapping core, but also includes proteins enriched in either the fetal or mature ECM. Relative protein quantification showed a significant dominance of EMILIN1 in the fetal ECM. We functionally tested the role of EMILIN1 in the ECM using a novel methodology that permits the reliable anchorage of native cell-secreted ECM to glass coverslips. Depletion of EMILIN1 from the ECM layer using siRNA mediated knock-down technologies does not affect renal epithelial cell growth, but does promote migration. Lack of EMILIN1 in the ECM layer reduces the adhesion strength of renal epithelial cells, shown by a decrease in focal adhesion points and associated stress fibers. We showed in this study the importance of a human renal fetal and mature ECM catalogue for identifying promising ECM components that have high implementation potential in scaffolds for 3D renal constructs. Proteomics revealed the differences between the renal fetal and mature extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 has a significant dominance in the fetal extracellular matrix. EMILIN1 depletion from the extracellular matrix reduces the adhesion strength and promotes migration of renal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian G.M. van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber Korn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J. Bekker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Romi Brouwhuis
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Novella Nicese
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands, Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yazlovitskaya EM, Viquez OM, Tu T, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Pozzi A, Zent R. The laminin binding α3 and α6 integrins cooperate to promote epithelial cell adhesion and growth. Matrix Biol 2019; 77:101-116. [PMID: 30193894 PMCID: PMC6399080 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins, the major receptors for cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, regulate multiple cell biological processes including adhesion, migration, proliferation and growth factor-dependent signaling. The principal laminin (LM) binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are usually co-expressed in cells and bind to multiple laminins with different affinities making it difficult to define their specific function. In this study, we generated kidney epithelial collecting duct (CD) cells that lack both the α3 and α6 integrin subunits. This deletion impaired cell adhesion and migration to LM-332 and LM-511 more than deleting α3 or α6 alone. Cell adhesion mediated by both α3β1 and α6 integrins was PI3K independent, but required K63-linked polyubiquitination of Akt by the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme TRAF6. Moreover, we provide evidence that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10)- mediated cell signaling, spreading and proliferation were severely compromised in double integrin α3/α6- but not single α3- or α6-null CD cells. Interestingly, these growth factor-dependent cell functions required both PI3K- and TRAF6-dependent Akt activation. These data suggest that expression of the integrin α3 or α6 subunit is sufficient to mediate GDNF- and FGF10-dependent spreading, proliferation and signaling on LM-511. Thus, our study shows that α3 and α6 containing integrins promote distinct functions and signaling by CD cells on laminin substrata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga M Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tianxiang Tu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mathew S, Palamuttam RJ, Mernaugh G, Ramalingam H, Lu Z, Zhang MZ, Ishibe S, Critchley DR, Fässler R, Pozzi A, Sanders CR, Carroll TJ, Zent R. Talin regulates integrin β1-dependent and -independent cell functions in ureteric bud development. Development 2017; 144:4148-4158. [PMID: 28993400 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney collecting system development requires integrin-dependent cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors consisting of α and β subunits; crucial integrins in the kidney collecting system express the β1 subunit. The β1 cytoplasmic tail has two NPxY motifs that mediate functions by binding to cytoplasmic signaling and scaffolding molecules. Talins, scaffolding proteins that bind to the membrane proximal NPxY motif, are proposed to activate integrins and to link them to the actin cytoskeleton. We have defined the role of talin binding to the β1 proximal NPxY motif in the developing kidney collecting system in mice that selectively express a Y-to-A mutation in this motif. The mice developed a hypoplastic dysplastic collecting system. Collecting duct cells expressing this mutation had moderate abnormalities in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and growth factor-dependent signaling. In contrast, mice lacking talins in the developing ureteric bud developed kidney agenesis and collecting duct cells had severe cytoskeletal, adhesion and polarity defects. Thus, talins are essential for kidney collecting duct development through mechanisms that extend beyond those requiring binding to the β1 integrin subunit NPxY motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijo Mathew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Riya J Palamuttam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Harini Ramalingam
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhenwei Lu
- Center for Structure Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Veteran Affairs Hospital Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Structure Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Veteran Affairs Hospital Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Drescher HK, Schippers A, Clahsen T, Sahin H, Noels H, Hornef M, Wagner N, Trautwein C, Streetz KL, Kroy DC. β 7-Integrin and MAdCAM-1 play opposing roles during the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2017; 66:1251-1264. [PMID: 28192190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is unclear how infiltrating leukocytes affect NASH-development. Our study aims to investigate the role of the homing/receptor, pair mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1)/β7-Integrin, on immune cell recruitment and disease progression in a steatohepatitis model. METHODS Constitutive β7-Integrin deficient (β7-/-) and MAdCAM-1 deficient (MAdCAM-1-/-) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 26weeks or methionine-choline-deficient-diet (MCD) for 4weeks. RESULTS β7-/- mice displayed earlier and more progressive steatohepatitis during HFD- and MCD-treatment, while MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed less histomorphological changes. The anti-oxidative stress response was significantly weaker in β7-/- mice as reflected by a significant downregulation of the transcription factors nuclear-factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxigenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, stronger dihydroethidium-staining revealed an increased oxidative stress response in β7-/- animals. In contrast, MAdCAM-1-/- mice showed an upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response. β7-/- animals exhibited stronger hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, reflecting earlier steatohepatitis initiation. Expression of regulatory T cell (TReg) markers as well as numbers of anti-inflammatory macrophages was significantly enhanced in MAdCAM-1-/- mice. Those changes finally resulted in earlier and stronger collagen accumulation in β7-/- mice, whereas MAdCAM-1-/- mice were protected from fibrosis initiation. CONCLUSIONS Adhesion molecule mediated effector cell migration contributes to the outcome of steatohepatitis in the HFD- and the MCD model. While MAdCAM-1 promotes steatohepatitis, β7-Integrin unexpectedly exerts protective effects. β7-/- mice show earlier steatohepatitis initiation and significantly stronger fibrosis progression. Accordingly, the interaction of β7-Integrins and their receptor MAdCAM-1 provide novel targets for therapeutic interventions in steatohepatitis. LAY SUMMARY The mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is expressed in livers upon diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Loss of MAdCAM-1 has beneficial effects regarding the development of NASH - manifested by reduced hepatic oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. In contrast, β7-Integrin-deficiency results in increased steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Drescher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad L Streetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela C Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dai H, Liu Q, Liu B. Research Progress on Mechanism of Podocyte Depletion in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2615286. [PMID: 28791309 PMCID: PMC5534294 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2615286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) together with glomerular hyperfiltration has been implicated in the development of diabetic microangiopathy in the initial stage of diabetic diseases. Increased amounts of urinary protein in DN may be associated with functional and morphological alterations of podocyte, mainly including podocyte hypertrophy, epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), podocyte detachment, and podocyte apoptosis. Accumulating studies have revealed that disruption in multiple renal signaling pathways had been critical in the progression of these pathological damages, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase signaling pathways (AMPK), wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy pathway, and Rho GTPases. In this review, we highlight new molecular insights underlying podocyte injury in the progression of DN, which offer new therapeutic targets to develop important renoprotective treatments for DN over the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- *Qingquan Liu: and
| | - Baoli Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
- *Baoli Liu:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dande RR, Peev V, Altintas MM, Reiser J. Soluble Urokinase Receptor and the Kidney Response in Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3232848. [PMID: 28596971 PMCID: PMC5449757 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3232848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. DN typically manifests by glomerular hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria; then, the disease progresses to impaired glomerular filtration rate, which leads to ESRD. Treatment options for DN include the strict control of blood glucose levels and pressure (e.g., intraglomerular hypertension). However, the search for novel therapeutic strategies is ongoing. These include seeking specific molecules that contribute to the development and progression of DN to potentially interfere with these "molecular targets" as well as with the cellular targets within the kidney such as podocytes, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of DN. Recently, podocyte membrane protein urokinase receptor (uPAR) and its circulating form (suPAR) are found to be significantly induced in glomeruli and sera of DN patients, respectively, and elevated suPAR levels predicted diabetic kidney disease years before the occurrence of microalbuminuria. The intent of this review is to summarize the emerging evidence of uPAR and suPAR in the clinical manifestations of DN. The identification of specific pathways that govern DN will help us build a more comprehensive molecular model for the pathogenesis of the disease that can inform new opportunities for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasil Peev
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M. Altintas
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Mehmet M. Altintas: and
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Jochen Reiser:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Viquez OM, Yazlovitskaya EM, Tu T, Mernaugh G, Secades P, McKee KK, Georges-Labouesse E, De Arcangelis A, Quaranta V, Yurchenco P, Gewin LC, Sonnenberg A, Pozzi A, Zent R. Integrin alpha6 maintains the structural integrity of the kidney collecting system. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:244-257. [PMID: 28043890 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are a major constituent of the basement membranes of the kidney collecting system. Integrins, transmembrane receptors formed by non-covalently bound α and β subunits, serve as laminin receptors, but their role in development and homeostasis of the kidney collecting system is poorly defined. Integrin α3β1, one of the major laminin receptors, plays a minor role in kidney collecting system development, while the role of α6 containing integrins (α6β1 and α6β4), the other major laminin receptors, is unknown. Patients with mutations in α6 containing integrins not only develop epidermolysis bullosa, but also have abnormalities in the kidney collecting system. In this study, we show that selectively deleting the α6 or β4 integrin subunits at the initiation of ureteric bud development in mice does not affect morphogenesis. However, the collecting system becomes dilated and dysmorphic as the mice age. The collecting system in both null genotypes was also highly susceptible to unilateral ureteric obstruction injury with evidence of excessive tubule dilatation and epithelial cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, integrin α6-null collecting duct cells are unable to withstand high mechanical force when adhered to laminin. Thus, we conclude that α6 integrins are important for maintaining the integrity of the kidney collecting system by enhancing tight adhesion of the epithelial cells to the basement membrane. These data give a mechanistic explanation for the association between kidney collecting system abnormalities in patients and epidermolysis bullosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eugenia M Yazlovitskaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tianxiang Tu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pablo Secades
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karen K McKee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elizabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, Inserm, U964, Illkirch, CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, Inserm, U964, Illkirch, CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Leslie C Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu Z, Mathew S, Chen J, Hadziselimovic A, Palamuttam R, Hudson BG, Fässler R, Pozzi A, Sanders CR, Zent R. Implications of the differing roles of the β1 and β3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains for integrin function. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27929375 PMCID: PMC5207772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of α and β subunits. Although most integrins contain β1, canonical activation mechanisms are based on studies of the platelet integrin, αIIbβ3. Its inactive conformation is characterized by the association of the αIIb transmembrane and cytosolic domain (TM/CT) with a tilted β3 TM/CT that leads to activation when disrupted. We show significant structural differences between β1 and β3 TM/CT in bicelles. Moreover, the 'snorkeling' lysine at the TM/CT interface of β subunits, previously proposed to regulate αIIbβ3 activation by ion pairing with nearby lipids, plays opposite roles in β1 and β3 integrin function and in neither case is responsible for TM tilt. A range of affinities from almost no interaction to the relatively high avidity that characterizes αIIbβ3 is seen between various α subunits and β1 TM/CTs. The αIIbβ3-based canonical model for the roles of the TM/CT in integrin activation and function clearly does not extend to all mammalian integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sijo Mathew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Arina Hadziselimovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Riya Palamuttam
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Diabetes is increasing in prevalence and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Diabetic kidney disease is considered a proteinuric glomerular disease. Although the glomerulus is composed of various cell types, research suggests that podocytes are critical to overall glomerular health. Podocyte injury has been identified as a pivotal event resulting in proteinuric kidney disease, glomerulosclerosis, and loss of renal function. Thus, understanding the signaling mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease might allow for the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent or ameliorate progression to end-stage renal failure. This review focuses on the role of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Lin
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Greydanus DE, Master Sankar Raj V, Merrick J. Pediatric Nephrology in Primary Care: The Forest for the Trees. Front Public Health 2015; 3:227. [PMID: 26501050 PMCID: PMC4593945 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Greydanus
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Donald E. Greydanus,
| | | | - Joav Merrick
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Jerusalem, Israel
- Office of the Medical Director, Health Services, Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Full-length soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor down-modulates nephrin expression in podocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13647. [PMID: 26380915 PMCID: PMC4585377 DOI: 10.1038/srep13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma level of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) was associated recently with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In addition, different clinical studies observed increased concentration of suPAR in various glomerular diseases and in other human pathologies with nephrotic syndromes such as HIV and Hantavirus infection, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Here, we show that suPAR induces nephrin down-modulation in human podocytes. This phenomenon is mediated only by full-length suPAR, is time-and dose-dependent and is associated with the suppression of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT-1) transcription factor expression. Moreover, an antagonist of αvβ3 integrin RGDfv blocked suPAR-induced suppression of nephrin. These in vitro data were confirmed in an in vivo uPAR knock out Plaur−/− mice model by demonstrating that the infusion of suPAR inhibits expression of nephrin and WT-1 in podocytes and induces proteinuria. This study unveiled that interaction of full-length suPAR with αvβ3 integrin expressed on podocytes results in down-modulation of nephrin that may affect kidney functionality in different human pathologies characterized by increased concentration of suPAR.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The mammalian kidney forms via cell-cell interactions between an epithelial outgrowth of the nephric duct and the surrounding nephrogenic mesenchyme. Initial morphogenetic events include ureteric bud branching to form the collecting duct (CD) tree and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions to form the nephrons, requiring reciprocal induction between adjacent mesenchyme and epithelial cells. Within the tips of the branching ureteric epithelium, cells respond to mesenchyme-derived trophic factors by proliferation, migration, and mitosis-associated cell dispersal. Self-inhibition signals from one tip to another play a role in branch patterning. The position, survival, and fate of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are regulated by ECM and secreted signals from adjacent tip and stroma. Signals from the ureteric tip promote mesenchyme self-renewal and trigger nephron formation. Subsequent fusion to the CDs, nephron segmentation and maturation, and formation of a patent glomerular basement membrane also require specialized cell-cell interactions. Differential cadherin, laminin, nectin, and integrin expression, as well as intracellular kinesin and actin-mediated regulation of cell shape and adhesion, underlies these cell-cell interactions. Indeed, the capacity for the kidney to form via self-organization has now been established both via the recapitulation of expected morphogenetic interactions after complete dissociation and reassociation of cellular components during development as well as the in vitro formation of 3D kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. As we understand more about how the many cell-cell interactions required for kidney formation operate, this enables the prospect of bioengineering replacement structures based on these self-organizing properties.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakagawa N, Xin C, Roach AM, Naiman N, Shankland SJ, Ligresti G, Ren S, Szak S, Gomez IG, Duffield JS. Dicer1 activity in the stromal compartment regulates nephron differentiation and vascular patterning during mammalian kidney organogenesis. Kidney Int 2015; 87:1125-40. [PMID: 25651362 PMCID: PMC4449790 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, activated by the enzyme Dicer1, control post-transcriptional gene expression. Dicer1 has important roles in the epithelium during nephrogenesis, but its function in stromal cells during kidney development is unknown. To study this, we inactivated Dicer1 in renal stromal cells. This resulted in hypoplastic kidneys, abnormal differentiation of the nephron tubule and vasculature, and perinatal mortality. In mutant kidneys, genes involved in stromal cell migration and activation were suppressed as were those involved in epithelial and endothelial differentiation and maturation. Consistently, polarity of the proximal tubule was incorrect, distal tubule differentiation was diminished, and elongation of Henle's loop attenuated resulting in lack of inner medulla and papilla in stroma-specific Dicer1 mutants. Glomerular maturation and capillary loop formation were abnormal, whereas peritubular capillaries, with enhanced branching and increased diameter, formed later. In Dicer1-null renal stromal cells, expression of factors associated with migration, proliferation, and morphogenic functions including α-smooth muscle actin, integrin-α8, -β1, and the WNT pathway transcriptional regulator LEF1 were reduced. Dicer1 mutation in stroma led to loss of expression of distinct microRNAs. Of these, miR-214, -199a-5p, and -199a-3p regulate stromal cell functions ex vivo, including WNT pathway activation, migration, and proliferation. Thus, Dicer1 activity in the renal stromal compartment regulates critical stromal cell functions that, in turn, regulate differentiation of the nephron and vasculature during nephrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cuiyan Xin
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allie M Roach
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalie Naiman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuyu Ren
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanne Szak
- Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan G Gomez
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [2] Research and Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA [3] Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA [4] Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang H, Chen X, Su Y, Paueksakon P, Hu W, Zhang MZ, Harris RC, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Pozzi A. p47(phox) contributes to albuminuria and kidney fibrosis in mice. Kidney Int 2015; 87:948-62. [PMID: 25565313 PMCID: PMC4425591 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an important pathogenic role in the development of many diseases, including kidney disease. Major ROS generators in the glomerulus of the kidney are the p47(phox)-containing NAPDH oxidases NOX1 and NOX2. The cytosolic p47(phox) subunit is a key regulator of the assembly and function of NOX1 and NOX2 and its expression and phosphorylation are upregulated in the course of renal injury, and have been shown to exacerbate diabetic nephropathy. However, its role in nondiabetic-mediated glomerular injury is unclear. To address this, we subjected p47(phox)-null mice to either adriamycin-mediated or partial renal ablation-mediated glomerular injury. Deletion of p47(phox) protected the mice from albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in both injury models. Integrin α1-null mice develop more severe glomerulosclerosis compared with wild-type mice in response to glomerular injury mainly due to increased production of ROS. Interestingly, the protective effects of p47(phox) knockout were more profound in p47(phox)/integrin α1 double knockout mice. In vitro analysis of primary mesangial cells showed that deletion of p47(phox) led to reduced basal levels of superoxide and collagen IV production. Thus, p47(phox)-dependent NADPH oxidases are a major glomerular source of ROS, contribute to kidney injury, and are potential targets for antioxidant therapy in fibrotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiwu Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Su
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paisit Paueksakon
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borza CM, Chen X, Zent R, Pozzi A. Cell Receptor-Basement Membrane Interactions in Health and Disease: A Kidney-Centric View. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:231-53. [PMID: 26610916 PMCID: PMC4913201 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and response to injury. Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized ECMs that separate epithelial or endothelial cells from stromal components and interact with cells via cellular receptors, including integrins and discoidin domain receptors. Disruption of cell-BM interactions due to either injury or genetic defects in either the ECM components or cellular receptors often lead to irreversible tissue injury and loss of organ function. Animal models that lack specific BM components or receptors either globally or in selective tissues have been used to help with our understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby cell-BM interactions regulate organ function in physiological and pathological conditions. We review recently published works on animal models that explore how cell-BM interactions regulate kidney homeostasis in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina M. Borza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Xiwu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, Nashville, TN, 37232
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A human integrin-α3 mutation confers major renal developmental defects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90879. [PMID: 24621570 PMCID: PMC3951280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the mammalian kidney is a highly complex process dependent upon the interplay of various cell types, secreted morphogens, and the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Although integrins are the most important receptors for ECM proteins and are ubiquitously expressed during kidney development, mice lacking expression of integrin α3 (Itga3) do not demonstrate a reduced number of nephrons, but mostly a disorganized GBM (glomerular basement membrane) leading to proteinuria. Thus, ITGA3 is considered mostly a passive GBM stabilizer and not an active player in nephrogenesis. Recently, mutations in the human ITGA3 were shown to cause congenital nephrotic syndrome, epidermolysis bullosa and interstitial lung disease, otherwise termed NEP syndrome (Nephrotic syndrome, Epidermolysis bullosa and Pulmonary disease). Herein, we performed histological and molecular analysis on the kidneys of a single patient from the initial cohort harboring an ITGA3 mutation, to illuminate the role of ITGA3 in human renal development. We show the patient to harbor a unique phenotype at birth, including severe unilateral renal hypodysplasia. Interrogation of global gene expression in the hypodysplastic kidney versus three controls (fetal, child and adult kidneys) revealed perturbed expression in several renal developmental pathways implicated in hypodysplasia, including the Wnt, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and TGF (transforming growth factor) pathways. Moreover, the affected kidney showed upregulation of early embryonic genes (e.g. OCT4 and PAX8) concomitant with downregulated kidney differentiation markers, implying a defect in proper renal differentiation. In conclusion, we show for the first time that ITGA3 is not merely a passive anchor for renal ECM proteins, as predicted by mouse models. Instead, our results may suggest it plays a central role in the interplay of cells, morphogens and ECM, required for proper nephrogenesis, thus adding ITGA3 to the list of CAKUT (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract)-causing genes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rubel D, Frese J, Martin M, Leibnitz A, Girgert R, Miosge N, Eckes B, Müller GA, Gross O. Collagen receptors integrin alpha2beta1 and discoidin domain receptor 1 regulate maturation of the glomerular basement membrane and loss of integrin alpha2beta1 delays kidney fibrosis in COL4A3 knockout mice. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:13-21. [PMID: 24480069 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is essential for maintaining the integrity of the renal filtration barrier. Impaired maturation causes proteinuria and renal fibrosis in the type IV collagen disease Alport syndrome. This study evaluates the role of collagen receptors in maturation of the GBM, matrix accumulation and renal fibrosis by using mice deficient for discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), integrin subunit α2 (ITGA2), and type IV collagen α3 (COL4A3). Loss of both collagen receptors DDR1 and integrin α2β1 delays maturation of the GBM: due to a porous GBM filtration barrier high molecular weight proteinuria that more than doubles between day 60 and day 100. Thereafter, maturation of the GBM causes proteinuria to drop down to one tenth until day 200. Proteinuria and the porous GBM cause accumulation of glomerular and tubulointerstitial matrix, which both decrease significantly after GBM-maturation until day 250. In parallel, in a disease with impaired GBM-maturation such as Alport syndrome, loss of integrin α2β1 positively delays renal fibrosis: COL4A3(-/-)/ITGA2(-/-) double knockouts exhibited reduced proteinuria and urea nitrogen compared to COL4A3(-/-)/ITGA2(+/-) and COL4A3(-/-)/ITGA2(+/+) mice. The double knockouts lived 20% longer and showed less glomerular and tubulointerstitial extracellular matrix deposition than the COL4A3(-/-) Alport mice with normal integrin α2β1 expression. Electron microscopy illustrated improvements in the glomerular basement membrane structure. MMP2, MMP9, MMP12 and TIMP1 were expressed at significantly higher levels (compared to wild-type mice) in COL4A3(-/-)/ITGA2(+/+) Alport mice, but not in COL4A3(+/+)/ITGA2(-/-) mice. In conclusion, the collagen receptors DDR1 and integrin α2β1 contribute to regulate GBM-maturation and to control matrix accumulation. As demonstrated in the type IV collagen disease Alport syndrome, glomerular cell-matrix interactions via collagen receptors play an important role in the progression of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubel
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Frese
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Dept. of Prosthodontics, Tissue Regeneration Work Group, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Martin
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Leibnitz
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Girgert
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Miosge
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Tissue Regeneration Work Group, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Dept. of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard-Anton Müller
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
A major hallmark of chronic kidney injury is fibrosis, which is characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular matrix components that replace the damaged tissue. Normally, the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components are finely regulated; however, when matrix replacement goes unchecked, there is unwanted and irreversible tissue scarring with consequent organ damage, organ failure, and, in certain cases, death. Many factors, including cell-matrix interactions, play a role in the development of renal fibrosis. Cell-matrix interactions are made possible by integrins, a family of transmembrane receptors that, upon binding to the extracellular matrix, activate intracellular signaling. Thus, they control various cell functions, including survival, proliferation, migration, and matrix homeostasis. Genetic mutations in humans and the development of animal models lacking integrins in selective parts of the kidney have improved our understanding of molecular mechanisms and pathways controlling matrix remodeling in kidney disease. Here we outline the major integrins involved in kidney disease and some of the major molecular mechanisms whereby integrins contribute to kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kriz W, Shirato I, Nagata M, LeHir M, Lemley KV. The podocyte's response to stress: the enigma of foot process effacement. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F333-47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00478.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive loss of podocytes is the most frequent cause accounting for end-stage renal failure. Podocytes are complex, terminally differentiated cells incapable of replicating. Thus lost podocytes cannot be replaced by proliferation of neighboring undamaged cells. Moreover, podocytes occupy a unique position as epithelial cells, adhering to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) only by their processes, whereas their cell bodies float within the filtrate in Bowman's space. This exposes podocytes to the danger of being lost by detachment as viable cells from the GBM. Indeed, podocytes are continually excreted as viable cells in the urine, and the rate of excretion dramatically increases in glomerular diseases. Given this situation, it is likely that evolution has developed particular mechanisms whereby podocytes resist cell detachment. Podocytes respond to stress and injury by undergoing tremendous changes in shape. Foot process effacement is the most prominent and, yet in some ways, the most enigmatic of those changes. This review summarizes the various structural responses of podocytes to injury, focusing on foot process effacement and detachment. We raise the hypothesis that foot process effacement represents a protective response of podocytes to escape detachment from the GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Kriz
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isao Shirato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Nagata
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Japan
| | - Michel LeHir
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kevin V. Lemley
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steenhard BM, Vanacore R, Friedman D, Zelenchuk A, Stroganova L, Isom K, St. John PL, Hudson BG, Abrahamson DR. Upregulated expression of integrin α1 in mesangial cells and integrin α3 and vimentin in podocytes of Col4a3-null (Alport) mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50745. [PMID: 23236390 PMCID: PMC3517557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport disease in humans, which usually results in proteinuria and kidney failure, is caused by mutations to the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes, and absence of collagen α3α4α5(IV) networks found in mature kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The Alport mouse harbors a deletion of the Col4a3 gene, which also results in the lack of GBM collagen α3α4α5(IV). This animal model shares many features with human Alport patients, including the retention of collagen α1α2α1(IV) in GBMs, effacement of podocyte foot processes, gradual loss of glomerular barrier properties, and progression to renal failure. To learn more about the pathogenesis of Alport disease, we undertook a discovery proteomics approach to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in glomeruli purified from Alport and wild-type mouse kidneys. Pairs of cy3- and cy5-labeled extracts from 5-week old Alport and wild-type glomeruli, respectively, underwent 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins were digested with trypsin and prepared for mass spectrometry, peptide ion mapping/fingerprinting, and protein identification through database searching. The intermediate filament protein, vimentin, was upregulated ∼2.5 fold in Alport glomeruli compared to wild-type. Upregulation was confirmed by quantitative real time RT-PCR of isolated Alport glomeruli (5.4 fold over wild-type), and quantitative confocal immunofluorescence microscopy localized over-expressed vimentin specifically to Alport podocytes. We next hypothesized that increases in vimentin abundance might affect the basement membrane protein receptors, integrins, and screened Alport and wild-type glomeruli for expression of integrins likely to be the main receptors for GBM type IV collagen and laminin. Quantitative immunofluorescence showed an increase in integrin α1 expression in Alport mesangial cells and an increase in integrin α3 in Alport podocytes. We conclude that overexpression of mesangial integrin α1 and podocyte vimentin and integrin α3 may be important features of glomerular Alport disease, possibly affecting cell-signaling, cell shape and cellular adhesion to the GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M. Steenhard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Friedman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Adrian Zelenchuk
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Larysa Stroganova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Isom
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patricia L. St. John
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Billy G. Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dale R. Abrahamson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kruegel J, Rubel D, Gross O. Alport syndrome--insights from basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 9:170-8. [PMID: 23165304 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 1927, Arthur C. Alport first published his description of a triad of symptoms in a family with hereditary congenital haemorrhagic nephritis, deafness and ocular changes. A few years after his death, this group of symptoms was renamed Alport syndrome. To this day, Alport syndrome still inevitably leads to end-stage renal disease and the need for renal replacement therapy, starting in young adulthood. During the past two decades, research into this rare disease has focused on the effects of mutations in collagen type IV and the role of changes in podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane that lead to early kidney fibrosis. Animal models of Alport syndrome also demonstrate the pathogenetic importance of interactions between podocytes and the extracellular matrix. Such models might also help researchers to answer basic questions about podocyte function and the development of fibrosis, and to develop new therapeutic approaches that might be of use in other kidney diseases. In this Review, we discuss the latest basic and clinical research on Alport syndrome, focusing on the roles of podocyte pathology and the extracellular matrix. We also highlight early diagnosis and treatment options for young patients with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kruegel
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Minuth WW, Denk L. Illustration of extensive extracellular matrix at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface within the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. BMC Clin Pathol 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 23009620 PMCID: PMC3511299 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Stem/progenitor cells are promising candidates to treat diseased renal parenchyma. However, implanted stem/progenitor cells are exposed to a harmful atmosphere of degenerating parenchyma. To minimize hampering effects after an implantation investigations are in progress to administer these cells within an artificial polyester interstitum supporting survival. Learning from nature the renal stem/progenitor cell niche appears as a valuable model. At this site epithelial stem/progenitor cells within the collecting duct ampulla face mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Both cell types do not have close contact but are separated by a wide interstitium. METHODS To analyze extracellular matrix in this particular interstitium, special contrasting for transmission electron microscopy was performed. Kidneys of neonatal rabbits were fixed in solutions containing glutaraldehyde (GA) or in combination with cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red and tannic acid. RESULTS GA revealed a basal lamina at the ampulla and a bright but inconspicuously looking interstitial space. In contrast, GA containing cupromeronic blue exhibits numerous proteoglycan braces lining from the ampulla towards the interstitial space. GA containing ruthenium red or tannic acid demonstrates clouds of extracellular matrix protruding from the basal lamina of the ampulla to the surface of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS The actual data show that the interstitium between epithelial and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells contains much more and up to date unknown extracellular matrix than earlier observed by classical GA fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D - 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D - 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
β1 integrin NPXY motifs regulate kidney collecting-duct development and maintenance by induced-fit interactions with cytosolic proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4080-91. [PMID: 22869523 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00568-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of β1 integrin expression inhibits renal collecting-system development. Two highly conserved NPXY motifs in the distal β1 tail regulate integrin function by associating with phosphtyrosine binding (PTB) proteins, such as talin and kindlin. Here, we define the roles of these two tyrosines in collecting-system development and delineate the structural determinants of the distal β1 tail using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Mice carrying alanine mutations have moderate renal collecting-system developmental abnormalities relative to β1-null mice. Phenylalanine mutations did not affect renal collecting-system development but increased susceptibility to renal injury. NMR spectra in bicelles showed the distal β1 tail is disordered and does not interact with the model membrane surface. Alanine or phenylalanine mutations did not alter β1 structure or interactions between α and β1 subunit transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains; however, they did decrease talin and kindlin binding. Thus, these studies highlight the fact that the functional roles of the NPXY motifs are organ dependent. Moreover, the β1 cytoplasmic tail, in the context of the adjacent transmembrane domain in bicelles, is significantly different from the more ordered, membrane-associated β3 integrin tail. Finally, tyrosine mutations of β1 NPXY motifs induce phenotypes by disrupting their interactions with critical integrin binding proteins like talins and kindlins.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This article summarizes the basic cellular and extracellular events in the development of the glomerulus and assembly of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), paying special attention to laminin (LM) and type IV collagen. Cellular receptors for GBM proteins, including the integrins, dystroglycan, and discoidin domain receptor 1 also are discussed. Evidence is reviewed showing that the laminin isoform present in the earliest GBM, LM-111, and final isoform found in the mature GBM, LM-521, are each derived from both endothelial cells and podocytes. Although the early collagen α1α2α1(IV) similarly derives from endothelial cells and podocytes, collagen α3α4α5(IV) found in fully mature GBM is a product solely of podocytes. Genetic diseases affecting laminin and type IV collagen synthesis also are presented, with an emphasis on mutations to LAMB2 (Pierson syndrome) and COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 (Alport syndrome), and their experimental mouse models. Stress is placed on the assembly of a compositionally correct GBM for the acquisition and maintenance of glomerular barrier properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Abrahamson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pozzi A, Zent R. Hold tight or you'll fall off: CD151 helps podocytes stick in high-pressure situations. J Clin Invest 2011; 122:13-6. [PMID: 22201676 DOI: 10.1172/jci61858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis is a general term for scarring of the kidney glomerulus. It cannot be reversed. As glomerulosclerosis accumulates, the diseased kidney progresses to end-stage renal disease. Treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system often decreases the rate of progression of glomerulosclerosis in chronic kidney diseases. Although the mechanisms by which these inhibitors mediate their beneficial effects are incompletely understood, it has been suggested that they act, at least in part, by reducing intraglomerular blood pressure and thereby shear stress-induced loss of podocytes, a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. In this issue of the JCI, Sachs and colleagues provide experimental confirmation of the critical role of tight adhesion of podocytes to the glomerular basement membrane for maintaining glomerular integrity and provide evidence that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system reduces glomerulosclerosis in animals with less tightly adherent podocytes, presumably by reducing intraglomerular blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|