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Atzeni A, Díaz-López A, Cacho AH, Babio N, García-Gavilán JF, Cornejo-Pareja I, Belzer C, Fitó M, Tinahones FJ, Salas-Salvadó J. Gut microbiota dynamics and association with chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study within the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Life Sci 2024; 351:122863. [PMID: 38908788 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, disproportionately affecting the elderly with heightened cardiovascular risk. The emerging focus on the gut microbiota's role in CKD pathophysiology represents a pivotal area in nephrology; however, the evidence on this topic is limited. This observational prospective study, in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, investigates associations between gut microbiota composition and the 1-year trajectory of CKD in 343 participants aged 55-75 years with high cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kidney function was assessed at baseline and at 1-year of follow-up through the estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) and CKD defined by eGFR-CysC <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Participants were grouped based on their 1-year CKD trajectory: Group 1 maintained normal status or improved from CKD to normal, while Group 2 maintained CKD or worsened from normal to CKD. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed through 16S sequencing. KEY FINDINGS We observed differences in gut microbiota composition between CKD trajectory groups. Notably, the baseline relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Lachnospira, both butyrate-producing genera, was lower in participants maintaining or progressing to CKD. Longitudinally, a decrease in Lachnospira abundance was associated with CKD progression. The improved Chao1 index after 1-year follow-up suggests a link between enhanced microbial richness and stable/better kidney function. SIGNIFICANCE The findings underscore the potential of gut microbiota analysis in non-invasively monitoring CKD, especially in older populations, and hint at future interventions targeting gut microbiota to manage CKD progression. Further research is needed for causal relationships and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Atzeni
- Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Adrián Hernández Cacho
- Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús F García-Gavilán
- Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Kizilbash SJ, Connolly H, Bartosh S, Zahr R, Al-Akash S, Chishti A, Mansuri A, Tawadrous H, Jain NG. Probiotic use in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: What are current practices, and are they evidence-based? A pediatric nephrology research consortium study. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14790. [PMID: 38837638 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are living microorganisms that may confer health benefits to their host if administered in sufficient quantities. However, data on the use of probiotics in transplant recipients are scarce. METHOD This multi-center survey of pediatric nephrologists aimed to examine variations in practice regarding the use of probiotics in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The survey was conducted via a 10-item questionnaire (developed in Survey Monkey) administered to pediatric nephrologists participating in the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium meeting in April 2023. RESULTS Sixty-four pediatric nephrologists completed the survey. Twenty-seven (42.2%) respondents reported having prescribed probiotics to pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The primary reason for probiotic use was the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (n = 20), with other reasons including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (n = 15), general gut health promotion (n = 12), recurrent urinary tract infections (n = 8), and parental request (n = 1). Of those who prescribed probiotics, 48.1% held them during periods of neutropenia and 14.8% during central venous line use. Of the 64 respondents, 20 reported the lack of safety data as a concern for using probiotics in kidney transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Pediatric nephrologists are increasingly prescribing probiotics to pediatric kidney transplant recipients; nevertheless, substantial practice variations exist. The paucity of safety data is a significant deterrent to probiotic use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kizilbash
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - H Connolly
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - S Bartosh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Zahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S Al-Akash
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A Chishti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Mansuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Georgia, Medical college of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - H Tawadrous
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - N G Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Saranya G, Viswanathan P. Identification of renal protective gut microbiome derived-metabolites in diabetic chronic kidney disease: An integrated approach using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104028. [PMID: 38854894 PMCID: PMC11154206 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolites from the gut microbiota define molecules in the gut-kidney cross talks. However, the mechanistic pathway by which the kidneys actively sense gut metabolites and their impact on diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) remains unclear. This study is an attempt to investigate the gut microbiome metabolites, their host targeting genes, and their mechanistic action against DCKD. Gut microbiome, metabolites, and host targets were extracted from the gutMgene database and metabolites from the PubChem database. DCKD targets were identified from DisGeNET, GeneCard, NCBI, and OMIM databases. Computational examination such as protein-protein interaction networks, enrichment pathway, identification of metabolites for potential targets using molecular docking, hubgene-microbes-metabolite-samplesource-substrate (HMMSS) network architecture were executed using Network analyst, ShinyGo, GeneMania, Cytoscape, Autodock tools. There were 574 microbial metabolites, 2861 DCKD targets, and 222 microbes targeting host genes. After screening, we obtained 27 final targets, which are used for computational examination. From enrichment analysis, we found NF-ΚB1, AKT1, EGFR, JUN, and RELA as the main regulators in the DCKD development through mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. The (HMMSS) network analysis found F.prausnitzi, B.adolescentis, and B.distasonis probiotic bacteria that are found in the intestinal epithelium, colonic region, metabolize the substrates like tryptophan, other unknown substrates might have direct interaction with the NF-kB1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targets. On docking of these target proteins with 3- Indole propionic acid (IPA) showed high binding energy affinity of -5.9 kcal/mol and -7.4kcal/mol. From this study we identified, the 3 IPA produced by F. prausnitzi A2-165 was found to have renal sensing properties inhibiting MAPK/NF-KB1 inflammatory pathway and would be useful in treating CKD in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.R. Saranya
- Renal Research Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li K, Wang S, Qu W, Ahmed AA, Enneb W, Obeidat MD, Liu HY, Dessie T, Kim IH, Adam SY, Cai D. Natural products for Gut-X axis: pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology in mycotoxin-caused diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419844. [PMID: 38978980 PMCID: PMC11228701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties. Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wael Enneb
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Diya’ Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saber Y. Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Kusumi K, Islam MS, Banker H, Safadi FF, Raina R. Navigating the microbial maze: unraveling the connection between gut microbiome and pediatric kidney and urinary tract disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x. [PMID: 38829563 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is made up of trillions of bacteria, viruses, archaea, and microbes that play a significant role in the maintenance of normal physiology in humans. Recent research has highlighted the effects of the microbiome and its dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and maintenance of kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated cardiovascular disease. While studies have addressed the kidney-microbiome axis in adults, how dysbiosis may uniquely impact pediatric kidney disease patients is not well-established. This narrative review highlights all relevant studies focusing on the microbiome and pediatric kidney disease that were published between 7/2015 and 7/2023. This review highlights pediatric-specific considerations including growth and bone health as well as emphasizing the need for increased pediatric research. Understanding microbiome-kidney interactions may allow for novel, less invasive interventions such as dietary changes and the use of probiotics to improve preventive care and ameliorate long-term morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kusumi
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rupesh Raina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
- Akron Nephrology Associates, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA.
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6
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Trandafir M, Pircalabioru GG, Savu O. Microbiota analysis in individuals with type two diabetes mellitus and end‑stage renal disease: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:211. [PMID: 38590581 PMCID: PMC11000444 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health concern, which affects ~9.1% of the global population and 12-15% of individuals in upper-middle income countries. Notably, ~2% of patients with CKD progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which leads to a substantial decline in the quality of life, an increased risk of mortality and significant financial burden. Patients with ESRD often still suffer from uremia and uremic syndromes, due to the accumulation of toxins between dialysis sessions and the inadequate removal of protein-bound toxins during dialysis. A number of these toxins are produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary proteins or cholines. Furthermore, the gut microbial community serves a key role in maintaining metabolic and immune equilibrium in individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota patterns in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ESRD via quantitative PCR analysis of the 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA of selected members of the gut microbiota. Individuals affected by both T2DM and ESRD displayed distinctive features within their intestinal microbiota. Specifically, there were increased levels of Gammaproteobacteria observed in these patients, and all subjects exhibited a notably increased presence of Enterobacteriaceae compared with healthy individuals. This particular microbial community has established connections with the presence of inflammatory processes in the colon. Moreover, the elevated levels of Enterobacteriaceae may serve as an indicator of an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, a condition known as dysbiosis. In addition, the Betaproteobacteria phylum was significantly more prevalent in the stool samples of patients with both T2DM and ESRD when compared with the control group. In conclusion, the present pilot study focused on gut microbiome alterations in T2DM and ESRD. Understanding the relationship between dysbiosis and CKD may identify new areas of research and therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiota to improve the health and outcomes of individuals with CKD and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trandafir
- Doctoral School, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Division, Research Institute of University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- eBio-hub Research Center, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060811 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Savu
- Doctoral School, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- ‘N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 020042 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Amino Acids during Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1263. [PMID: 38732510 PMCID: PMC11085482 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for normal pregnancy and fetal development. Disruptions in maternal amino acid metabolism have been associated with various adult diseases later in life, a phenomenon referred to as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). In this review, we examine the recent evidence highlighting the significant impact of amino acids on fetal programming, their influence on the modulation of gut microbiota, and their repercussions on offspring outcomes, particularly in the context of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Furthermore, we delve into experimental studies that have unveiled the protective effects of therapies targeting amino acids. These interventions have demonstrated the potential to reprogram traits associated with CKM in offspring. The discussion encompasses the challenges of translating the findings from animal studies to clinical applications, emphasizing the complexity of this process. Additionally, we propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Ultimately, as we move forward, future research endeavors should aim to pinpoint the most effective amino-acid-targeted therapies, determining the optimal dosage and mode of administration. This exploration is essential for maximizing the reprogramming effects, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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8
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Huang HW, Chen MJ. Exploring the Preventive and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Probiotics in Chronic Kidney Disease through the Gut-Kidney Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8347-8364. [PMID: 38571475 PMCID: PMC11036402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics are a potential approach to modulate gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites to alleviate CKD progression. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of CKD-related gut dysbiosis and a critical perspective on probiotic function in CKD. First, this review addresses gut microbial alterations during CKD progression and the adverse effects associated with the changes in gut-derived metabolites. Second, we conduct a thorough examination of the latest clinical trials involving probiotic intervention to unravel critical pathways via the gut-kidney axis. Finally, we propose our viewpoints on limitations, further considerations, and future research prospects of probiotic adjuvant therapy in alleviating CKD progression. Enhancing our understanding of host-microbe interactions is crucial for gaining precise insights into the mechanisms through which probiotics exert their effects and identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of probiotics in developing strategies to optimize their use and enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Huang
- Department
of Animal Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department
of Animal Science and Technology, National
Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Section 3, Keelung Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
- Center
for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Changxing Street, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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9
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Xie RC, Zhang JC, Lin XM, Huang T, Wang YT, Zhang LF, Hong XY, Lin XF, Zheng HJ, Luo Z, Yi LT, Ma JF. Inhibition of colon C5a/C5a receptor signalling pathway confers protection against LPS-induced acute kidney injury via gut microbiota-kidney axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176425. [PMID: 38387717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition often associated with systemic inflammation and dysregulated gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the C5a receptor antagonist W54011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI, focusing on the colon's C5a/C5a receptor pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota. Our findings demonstrate that W54011 effectively ameliorated kidney injury in the LPS-induced AKI model by selectively inhibiting the colon's C5a/C5a receptor signalling pathway. Additionally, C5a receptor blockade resulted in the inhibition of colonic inflammation and the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Furthermore, W54011 administration significantly impacted the composition and stability of the gut microbiota, restoring the abundance of dominant bacteria to levels observed in the normal state of the intestinal flora and reducing the abundance of potentially harmful bacterial groups. In conclusion, W54011 alleviates LPS-induced AKI by modulating the interplay between the colon, gut microbiota, and kidneys. It preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier and reinstates gut microbiota, thereby mitigating AKI symptoms. These findings suggest that targeting the colon and gut microbiota could be a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Cheng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Lian-Fang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Cardiac Intensive Care Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
| | - Jie-Fei Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China.
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Jia PP, Li Y, Zhang LC, Wu MF, Li TY, Pei DS. Metabolome evidence of CKDu risks after chronic exposure to simulated Sri Lanka drinking water in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116149. [PMID: 38412632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
It is still a serious public health issue that chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka poses challenges in identification, prevention, and treatment. What environmental factors in drinking water cause kidney damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risks of various environmental factors that may induce CKDu, including water hardness, fluoride (HF), heavy metals (HM), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and their combined exposure (HFMM). The research focused on comprehensive metabolome analysis, and correlation with transcriptomic and gut microbiota changes. Results revealed that chronic exposure led to kidney damage and pancreatic toxicity in adult zebrafish. Metabolomics profiling showed significant alterations in biochemical processes, with enriched metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, folate biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, FoxO signaling pathway, lysosome, pyruvate metabolism, and purine metabolism. The network analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites associated with renal function and diseases, including 20-Hydroxy-LTE4, PS(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), Neuromedin N, 20-Oxo-Leukotriene E4, and phenol sulfate, which are involved in the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids class. These metabolites were closely associated with the disrupted gut bacteria of g_ZOR0006, g_Pseudomonas, g_Tsukamurella, g_Cetobacterium, g_Flavobacterium, which belonged to dominant phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, etc., and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as egln3, ca2, jun, slc2a1b, and gls2b in zebrafish. Exploratory omics analyses revealed the shared significantly changed pathways in transcriptome and metabolome like calcium signaling and necroptosis, suggesting potential biomarkers for assessing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Chen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming-Fei Wu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tian-Yun Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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11
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Yan S, Wang H, Feng B, Ye L, Chen A. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332757. [PMID: 38533501 PMCID: PMC10964483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence has provided compelling evidence linking gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) via the "gut-kidney" axis. But the causal relationship between them hasn't been clarified yet. We perform a Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to reveal the causal connection with GM and the development of DN, type 1 diabetes nephropathy (T1DN), type 2 diabetes nephropathy (T2DN), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We used summary data from MiBioGen on 211 GM taxa in 18340 participants. Generalized MR analysis methods were conducted to estimate their causality on risk of DN, T1DN, T2DN, T1DM and T2DM from FinnGen. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the resilience and consistency of the results. Results It was showed that Class Verrucomicrobiae [odds ratio (OR) =1.5651, 95%CI:1.1810-2.0742,PFDR=0.0018], Order Verrucomicrobiales (OR=1.5651, 95%CI: 1.1810-2.0742, PFDR=0.0018) and Family Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR=1.3956, 95%CI:1.0336-1.8844, PFDR=0.0296) had significant risk of DN. Our analysis found significant associations between GM and T2DN, including Class Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.8227, 95% CI: 1.2414-2.6763, PFDR=0.0139), Order Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.5651, 95% CI: 1.8227-2.6764, PFDR=0.0024), Rhodospirillales (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0026), and Family Verrucomicroniaceae (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0083). The Eubacteriumprotogenes (OR=0.4076, 95% CI: 0.2415-0.6882, PFDR=0.0021) exhibited a protection against T1DN. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that there was no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Conclusions At the gene prediction level, we identified the specific GM that is causally linked to DN in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Moreover, we identified distinct microbial changes in T1DN that differed from those seen in T2DN, offering valuable insights into GM signatures associated with subtype of nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baiyu Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Institute of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Cha RH. Pharmacologic therapeutics in sarcopenia with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:143-155. [PMID: 38389147 PMCID: PMC11016676 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, metabolic acidosis, renin-angiotensin system activation, insulin resistance, and impaired perfusion to skeletal muscles, among others, are possible causes of uremic sarcopenia. These conditions induce the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, adenosine triphosphate ubiquitin-proteasome system, and reactive oxygen species system, resulting in protein catabolism. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are aerobic and resistance exercises along with nutritional interventions. Anabolic hormones have shown beneficial effects. Megestrol acetate increased weight, protein catabolic rate, and albumin concentration, and it increased intracellular water component and muscle mass. Vitamin D supplementation showed improvement in physical function, muscle strength, and muscle mass. Correction of metabolic acidosis showed an increase in protein intake, serum albumin levels, body weight, and mid-arm circumference. The kidney- gut-muscle axis indicates that dysbiosis and changes in gut-derived uremic toxins and short-chain fatty acids affect muscle mass, composition, strength, and functional capacity. Biotic supplements, AST-120 administration, hemodiafiltration, and preservation of residual renal function are alleged to reduce uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Synbiotics reversed the microbiota change in CKD patients and decreased uremic toxins. AST-120 administration changed the overall gut microbiota composition in CKD. AST-120 prevented IS and PCS tissue accumulation, ameliorated muscle atrophy, improved exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis, restored epithelial tight junction proteins, and reduced plasma endotoxin levels and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. In a human study, the addition of AST-120 to standard treatment had modest beneficial effects on gait speed change and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-hui Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Petakh P, Oksenych V, Kamyshna I, Boisak I, Lyubomirskaya K, Kamyshnyi O. Exploring the complex interplay: gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1345684. [PMID: 38476949 PMCID: PMC10927737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a re-emerging zoonotic disease, remains a significant global health concern, especially amid floods and disasters such as the Kakhovka Dam destruction. As is known, the stress that occurs in the conditions of military conflicts among civilian and military personnel significantly affects susceptibility to infectious diseases and possibly even influences their course. This review aims to explore how the gut microbiome and stress mediators (such as catecholamines and corticosteroids) might impact the leptospirosis disease course. The review opens new horizons for research by elucidating the connections between the gut microbiome, stress, and leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Boisak
- Department of Childhood Diseases, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Katerina Lyubomirskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceuticals University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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14
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Ruiz-Triviño J, Álvarez D, Cadavid J. ÁP, Alvarez AM. From gut to placenta: understanding how the maternal microbiome models life-long conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1304727. [PMID: 38161976 PMCID: PMC10754986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1304727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiome -defined as the microbiota (bacteria, archaea, lower and higher eukaryotes), their genomes, and the surrounding environmental conditions- has a well-described range of physiological functions. Thus, an imbalance of the microbiota composition -dysbiosis- has been associated with pregnancy complications or adverse fetal outcomes. Although there is controversy about the existence or absence of a microbiome in the placenta and fetus during healthy pregnancy, it is known that gut microbiota can produce bioactive metabolites that can enter the maternal circulation and may be actively or passively transferred through the placenta. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that such metabolites have some effect on the fetus. Since the microbiome can influence the epigenome, and modifications of the epigenome could be responsible for fetal programming, it can be experimentally supported that the maternal microbiome and its metabolites could be involved in fetal programming. The developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD) approach looks to understand how exposure to environmental factors during periods of high plasticity in the early stages of life (e.g., gestational period) influences the program for disease risk in the progeny. Therefore, according to the DOHaD approach, the influence of maternal microbiota in disease development must be explored. Here, we described some of the diseases of adulthood that could be related to alterations in the maternal microbiota. In summary, this review aims to highlight the influence of maternal microbiota on both fetal development and postnatal life, suggesting that dysbiosis on this microbiota could be related to adulthood morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ruiz-Triviño
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación en Alteraciones de la Gestación y Autoinmunidad (SIAGA), Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación en Alteraciones de la Gestación y Autoinmunidad (SIAGA), Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ángela P. Cadavid J.
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Semillero de Investigación en Alteraciones de la Gestación y Autoinmunidad (SIAGA), Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Trombosis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angela M. Alvarez
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Karim MR, Morshed MN, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC, Kim YJ, Song JH, Yang DU. A Network Pharmacology and Molecular-Docking-Based Approach to Identify the Probable Targets of Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Microbial Metabolites against Kidney Cancer and Inflammation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1678. [PMID: 38002360 PMCID: PMC10669250 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A large and diverse microbial population exists in the human intestinal tract, which supports gut homeostasis and the health of the host. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-secreting microbes also generate several metabolites with favorable regulatory effects on various malignancies and immunological inflammations. The involvement of intestinal SCFAs in kidney diseases, such as various kidney malignancies and inflammations, has emerged as a fascinating area of study in recent years. However, the mechanisms of SCFAs and other metabolites produced by SCFA-producing bacteria against kidney cancer and inflammation have not yet been investigated. (2) Methods: We considered 177 different SCFA-producing microbial species and 114 metabolites from the gutMgene database. Further, we used different online-based database platforms to predict 1890 gene targets associated with metabolites. Moreover, DisGeNET, OMIM, and Genecard databases were used to consider 13,104 disease-related gene targets. We used a Venn diagram and various protein-protein interactions (PPIs), KEGG pathways, and GO analyses for the functional analysis of gene targets. Moreover, the subnetwork of protein-protein interactions (through string and cytoscape platforms) was used to select the top 20% of gene targets through degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality. To screen the possible candidate compounds, we performed an analysis of the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties of metabolites and then found the best binding affinity using molecular docking simulation. (3) Results: Finally, we found the key gene targets that interact with suitable compounds and function against kidney cancer and inflammation, such as MTOR (with glycocholic acid), PIK3CA (with 11-methoxycurvularin, glycocholic acid, and isoquercitrin), IL6 (with isoquercitrin), PTGS2 (with isoquercitrin), and IGF1R (with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine, isoquercitrin), showed a lower binding affinity. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence to support the positive effects of SCFA-producing microbial metabolites that function against kidney cancer and inflammation and makes integrative research proposals that may be used to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Niaj Morshed
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated University of Rajshahi, Natore, Rajshahi 6400, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- Hanbangbio Inc., Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (R.M.); (Y.J.K.)
| | - Joon Hyun Song
- Department of Veterinary International Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (M.N.M.); (S.I.); (D.C.Y.)
- AIBIOME, 6, Jeonmin-ro 30beon-gil, Yuseong-gu 34052, Republic of Korea
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16
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Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Panagopoulos F, Evangelopoulos A, Stamatopoulos V, Papagiorgos A, Geladari E, Dalamaga M. Gut Microbiota and Its Role in the Brain-Gut-Kidney Axis in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:367-376. [PMID: 37632662 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of the gut microbiota in modulating blood pressure is increasingly being recognized, currently. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings about the mechanisms involved in hypertension with regard to the phenomenon of "gut dysbiosis." RECENT FINDINGS Gut dysbiosis, i.e., the imbalance between the gut microbiota and the host, is characterized by a disruption of the tight junction proteins, such as occludins, claudins, and JAMs (junctional adhesion molecules), resulting in increased gut permeability or the so called "leaky gut." Due to the influence of genetic as well as environmental factors, various metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, such as indole and p-cresol, are increased. Thereby, uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfates and p-cresol sulfates, accumulate in the blood and the urine, causing damage in the podocytes and the tubular cells. In addition, immunological mechanisms are implicated as well. In particular, a switch from M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, occurs. Moreover, a higher level of Th17 cells, releasing large amounts of interleukin-17 (IL-17), has been reported, when a diet rich in salt is consumed. Therefore, apart from the aggravation of uremic toxins, which may account for direct harmful effects on the kidney, there is inflammation not only in the gut, but in the kidneys as well. This crosstalk between the gut and the kidney is suggested to play a crucial role in hypertension. Notably, the brain is also implicated, with an increasing sympathetic output. The brain-gut-kidney axis seems to be deeply involved in the development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The notion that, by modulating the gut microbiota, we could regulate blood pressure is strongly supported by the current evidence. A healthy diet, low in animal protein and fat, and low in salt, together with the utilization of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, may contribute to our fight against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Eleni Geladari
- Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, Athens, Greece
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Lambert K, Rinninella E, Biruete A, Sumida K, Stanford J, Raoul P, Mele MC, Wang AYM, Mafra D. Targeting the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: The Future in Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:S30-S39. [PMID: 37632511 PMCID: PMC10872791 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of manipulating the gut microbiome of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is because there is a substantial deviation from a balanced gut microbiota profile in CKD, with many deleterious downstream effects. Nutritional interventions such as plant-based diets with reduced animal protein intake and the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may alter the microbiome. This article aims to briefly describe what is known about the gut microbiome in patients with CKD, factors contributing to gut dysbiosis, and outline important evidence gaps. Future potential therapies, including restoring the microbiota with food and microbiota-based and metabolomic-based therapies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keiichi Sumida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Tennessee
| | - Jordan Stanford
- School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Denise Mafra
- Professor, Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Tain YL, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Hou CY, Hsu CN. Renoprotective Effects of Solid-State Cultivated Antrodia cinnamomea in Juvenile Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4626. [PMID: 37960279 PMCID: PMC10650666 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), a medicinal mushroom, has multiple beneficial actions, such as acting as a prebiotic. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children has steadily increased year by year, and CKD is related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Herein, we investigated the renoprotection of solid-state cultivated AC in adenine-induced CKD juvenile rats. CKD was induced in 3-week-old male rats by feeding with adenine (0.5%) for three weeks. Treated groups received oral administration of AC extracts at either a low (10 mg/kg/day) or high dose (100 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. At nine weeks of age, the rats were sacrificed. Renal outcomes, blood pressure, and gut microbiome composition were examined. Our results revealed that AC treatment, either low- or high-dose, improved kidney function, proteinuria, and hypertension in CKD rats. Low-dose AC treatment increased plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, we observed that AC acts like a prebiotic by enriching beneficial bacteria in the gut, such as Akkermansia and Turicibacter. Moreover, the beneficial action of AC against CKD-related hypertension might also be linked to the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. This study brings new insights into the potential application of AC as a prebiotic dietary supplement in the prevention and treatment of pediatric CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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19
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Shi R, Huang C, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C, Li M. Gut microbiota axis: potential target of phytochemicals from plant-based foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Mocanu A, Bogos RA, Lazaruc TI, Trandafir LM, Lupu VV, Ioniuc I, Alecsa M, Ivanov A, Lupu A, Starcea IM. Exploring a Complex Interplay: Kidney-Gut Axis in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3609. [PMID: 37630799 PMCID: PMC10457891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota is a highly intricate structure with a crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. It consists of diverse microbial communities that inhabit the gut and contribute to essential functions such as food digestion, nutrient synthesis, and immune system development. The composition and function of the gut microbiota are influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, host genetics, and environmental features. In pediatric patients, the gut microbiota is particularly dynamic and vulnerable to disruption from endogenous and exogenous factors. Recent research has focused on understanding the interaction between the gut and kidneys. In individuals with chronic kidney disease, there is often a significant disturbance in the gut microbiota. This imbalance can be attributed to factors like increased levels of harmful toxins from the gut entering the bloodstream, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This review looks at what is known about the link between a child's gut-kidney axis, how dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, affects chronic kidney disease, and what treatments, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, are available for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mocanu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Nephrology Division, St. Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Alexandra Bogos
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tudor Ilie Lazaruc
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mirabela Alecsa
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ivanov
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Nephrology Division, St. Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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21
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Mafra D, Kemp JA, Borges NA, Wong M, Stenvinkel P. Gut Microbiota Interventions to Retain Residual Kidney Function. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:499. [PMID: 37624256 PMCID: PMC10467110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual kidney function for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with better quality of life and outcome; thus, strategies should be implemented to preserve kidney function. Among the multiple causes that promote kidney damage, gut dysbiosis due to increased uremic toxin production and endotoxemia need attention. Several strategies have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota in these patients, and diet has gained increasing attention in recent years since it is the primary driver of gut dysbiosis. In addition, medications and faecal transplantation may be valid strategies. Modifying gut microbiota composition may mitigate chronic kidney damage and preserve residual kidney function. Although various studies have shown the influential role of diet in modulating gut microbiota composition, the effects of this modulation on residual kidney function remain limited. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota metabolism on residual kidney function and vice versa and how we could preserve the residual kidney function by modulating the gut microbiota balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24020-140, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Julie A. Kemp
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi 24020-140, Brazil;
| | - Natalia A. Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil;
| | - Michelle Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
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22
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Makkena VK, Jaramillo AP, Awosusi BL, Ayyub J, Dabhi KN, Gohil NV, Tanveer N, Hussein S, Pingili S, Khan S. Probing the Relationship Between the Human Gut Microbiome and Prospects of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43892. [PMID: 37746426 PMCID: PMC10511825 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate neoplasia is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasias in males and has a high mortality rate. Prostate cancer (PCA) risk factors include tall stature, male sex, known family history, obesity, high blood pressure, lack of fitness, higher levels of testosterone for a long time, increasing age, and ethnicity are well known. The association and role of the gut microbiota in different diseases in our body have been highlighted recently. Therefore, finding the influence of gut microbiota on the prostatic cells can be useful for preventing prostatic neoplasia and/or reducing its severity. We aimed to assess its impact on PCA risk. We thoroughly searched databases for the relevant literature for our systematic review. The final research papers analyzed how bacteria played a role in the risk of PCA, either through inflammation or the production of metabolites that increase/decrease the risk of PCA. Based on the studies reviewed, we found that some gut bacteria play a role in the formation of PCA. In contrast, some bacteria can help prevent PCA, but the metabolism of the dietary components is the major factor for PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Krishna Makkena
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Arturo P Jaramillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Machala, ECU
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Babatope L Awosusi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Javaria Ayyub
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Karan Nareshbha Dabhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Namra V Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
| | - Nida Tanveer
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sally Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shravya Pingili
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Department of Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Safeera Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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23
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Jia PP, Chandrajith R, Junaid M, Li TY, Li YZ, Wei XY, Liu L, Pei DS. Elucidating environmental factors and their combined effects on CKDu in Sri Lanka using zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121967. [PMID: 37290634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease with uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka has attracted much attention as a global health issue. However, how environmental factors in local drinking water induce kidney damage in organisms is still elusive. We investigated multiple environmental factors including water hardness and fluoride (HF), heavy metals (HM), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and their combined exposure (HFMM) to elucidate their toxic effects on CKDu risk in zebrafish. Acute exposure affected renal development and inhibited the fluorescence of Na, K-ATPase alpha1A4:GFP zebrafish kidney. Chronic exposure influenced the body weight of both genders of adult fish and induced kidney damage by histopathological analyses. Furthermore, the exposure significantly disturbed differential expression genes (DEGs), diversity and richness of gut microbiota, and critical metabolites related to renal functions. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that kidney-related DEGs were linked with renal cell carcinoma, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, calcium signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The significantly disrupted intestinal microbiota was closely related to the environmental factors and H&E score, which demonstrated the mechanisms of kidney risks. Notably, the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the changed bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, and ZOR0006, etc were significantly connected to the DEGs and metabolites. Therefore, the assessment of multiple environmental factors provided new insights on "bio-markers" as potential therapies of the target signaling pathways, metabolites, and gut bacteria to monitor or protect residents from CKDu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Tian-Yun Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xing-Yi Wei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Li Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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24
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Ye J, Yao J, He F, Sun J, Zhao Z, Wang Y. Regulation of gut microbiota: a novel pretreatment for complications in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1169500. [PMID: 37346031 PMCID: PMC10280007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is an effective method to improve the condition of patients with end-stage renal disease. The gut microbiota significantly affects the immune system and can be used as an influencing factor to change the prognoses of patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Recipients after kidney transplantation showed a lower abundance of Firmicutes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. After using prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation to regulate the microbial community, the prognoses of patients who underwent kidney transplantation evidently improved. We aimed to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and various postoperative complications inpatients who have undergone kidney transplantation in recent years and to explore how gut microecology affects post-transplant complications. An in-depth understanding of the specific functions of gut microbiota and identification of the actual pathogenic flora during complications in patients undergoing kidney transplantation can help physicians develop strategies to restore the normal intestinal microbiome of transplant patients to maximize their survival and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Hayeeawaema F, Muangnil P, Jiangsakul J, Tipbunjong C, Huipao N, Khuituan P. A novel model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice: The gut-kidney axis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103660. [PMID: 37213695 PMCID: PMC10193294 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although constipation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is no animal model that can be used to study the association between renal impairment and gastrointestinal function without interfering with the gastrointestinal tract of the model. Therefore, we determined whether adenine could induce CKD in association with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Six-week-old ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline, 25, 50, or 75 mg adenine/kg body weight for 21 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine, and renal histopathology were evaluated. Defecation status was evaluated from defecation frequency and fecal water content. Colonic smooth muscle contraction was measured by the organ bath technique, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using an Ussing chamber. In the 50 mg/kg treatment group, BUN and creatinine were significantly increased compared with control, and inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular necrosis, tubular dilatation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in renal tissues. Mice in this group also showed a significant decrease in defecation frequency, fecal water content, colonic motility index, and TEER. Overall, 50 mg/kg of adenine was the best dose to induce CKD with associated constipation and intestinal barrier impairment. Therefore, this adenine administration model can be recommended for CKD-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fittree Hayeeawaema
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Paradorn Muangnil
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | | | - Chittipong Tipbunjong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nawiya Huipao
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pissared Khuituan
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Gut Biology and Microbiota Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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26
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Saranya GR, Viswanathan P. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in AKI to CKD transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114447. [PMID: 37002571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The symptoms of acute kidney injury (AKI) include a sudden drop-in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a rise in serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes, which leads to a rapid loss of kidney function. Chronic kidney disease progresses when AKI symptoms persist for over three months or 90 days. Numerous prevalent secondary risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and heart illness, are directly or indirectly linked to the development of AKI and the switch from AKI to CKD. Recently, the change of intestinal bacteria known as "gut dysbiosis" has been linked to distant organ dysfunction, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Indirectly or directly, gut dysbiosis contributes to the progression of CKD and AKI. However, the effects of gut dysbiosis and the mechanism of action in the progression from AKI to CKD are unknown or need further investigation. The mechanism by which gut dysbiosis initiates AKI's progression to CKD should be explicitly concerned. The review primarily focuses on the action of gut dysbiosis in kidney disease, the effects of dysbiosis, the characterisation of dysbiosis and its pathogenic products, the various pathogenic routes and mechanism involved in expediting the transition from AKI to CKD. CONCLUSION We identified and briefly reviewed the impacts of dysbiosis in various situations such as hypoxia, mitochondrial induced reactive oxygen species (mtROS), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and microbiota derived uremic toxemic substances profoundly to push AKI to CKD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Saranya
- Renal Research Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Pearl Research Park, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Pearl Research Park, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Voroneanu L, Burlacu A, Brinza C, Covic A, Balan GG, Nistor I, Popa C, Hogas S, Covic A. Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Composition to Modulation towards Better Outcomes-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051948. [PMID: 36902734 PMCID: PMC10003930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidirectional kidney-gut axis was described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the one hand, gut dysbiosis could promote CKD progression, but on the other hand, studies reported specific gut microbiota alterations linked to CKD. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature on gut microbiota composition in CKD patients, including those with advanced CKD stages and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), possibilities to shift gut microbiota, and its impact on clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to find eligible studies using pre-specified keywords. Additionally, key inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-defined to guide the eligibility assessment. RESULTS We retrieved 69 eligible studies which met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the present systematic review. Microbiota diversity was decreased in CKD patients as compared to healthy individuals. Ruminococcus and Roseburia had good power to discriminate between CKD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.771 and AUC = 0.803, respectively). Roseburia abundance was consistently decreased in CKD patients, especially in those with ESKD (p < 0.001). A model based on 25 microbiota dissimilarities had an excellent predictive power for diabetic nephropathy (AUC = 0.972). Several microbiota patterns were observed in deceased ESKD patients as compared to the survivor group (increased Lactobacillus, Yersinia, and decreased Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium levels). Additionally, gut dysbiosis was associated with peritonitis and enhanced inflammatory activity. In addition, some studies documented a beneficial effect on gut flora composition attributed to synbiotic and probiotic therapies. Large randomized clinical trials are required to investigate the impact of different microbiota modulation strategies on gut microflora composition and subsequent clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CKD had an altered gut microbiome profile, even at early disease stages. Different abundance at genera and species levels could be used in clinical models to discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with CKD. ESKD patients with an increased mortality risk could be identified through gut microbiota analysis. Modulation therapy studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Burlacu
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Crischentian Brinza
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Covic
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Gheorghe G. Balan
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. 1 Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionut Nistor
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Hogas
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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28
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Caggiano G, Stasi A, Franzin R, Fiorentino M, Cimmarusti MT, Deleonardis A, Palieri R, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Reducing Uremic Toxins Accumulation in Kidney Disease: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020115. [PMID: 36828429 PMCID: PMC9965504 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the gut microbiome emerged as a key player in kidney disease. Dysbiosis-related uremic toxins together with pro-inflammatory mediators are the main factors in a deteriorating kidney function. The toxicity of uremic compounds has been well-documented in a plethora of pathophysiological mechanisms in kidney disease, such as cardiovascular injury (CVI), metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulating data on the detrimental effect of uremic solutes in kidney disease supported the development of many strategies to restore eubiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) spread as an encouraging treatment for different dysbiosis-associated disorders. In this scenario, flourishing studies indicate that fecal transplantation could represent a novel treatment to reduce the uremic toxins accumulation. Here, we present the state-of-the-art concerning the application of FMT on kidney disease to restore eubiosis and reverse the retention of uremic toxins.
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29
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Li N, Wang Y, Wei P, Min Y, Yu M, Zhou G, Yuan G, Sun J, Dai H, Zhou E, He W, Sheng M, Gao K, Zheng M, Sun W, Zhou D, Zhang L. Causal Effects of Specific Gut Microbiota on Chronic Kidney Diseases and Renal Function-A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020360. [PMID: 36678231 PMCID: PMC9863044 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the gut microbiota may become a new therapeutic to prevent and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, the causal relationship between specific intestinal flora and CKD is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHOD To identify genetically predicted microbiota, we used summary data from genome-wide association studies on gut microbiota in 18340 participants from 24 cohorts. Furthermore, we genetically predicted the causal relationship between 211 gut microbiotas and six phenotypes (outcomes) (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), dialysis, rapid progress to CKD, and rapid decline of eGFR). Four Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode were used to investigate the casual relationship between gut microbiotas and various outcomes. The result of IVW was deemed as the primary result. Then, Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO Global test were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The leave-one method was used for testing the stability of MR results and Bonferroni-corrected was used to test the strength of the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. RESULTS Through the MR analysis of 211 microbiotas and six clinical phenotypes, a total of 36 intestinal microflora were found to be associated with various outcomes. Among them, Class Bacteroidia (=-0.005, 95% CI: -0.001 to -0.008, p = 0.002) has a strong causality with lower eGFR after the Bonferroni-corrected test, whereas phylum Actinobacteria (OR = 1.0009, 95%CI: 1.0003-1.0015, p = 0.0024) has a strong causal relationship with dialysis. The Cochrane's Q test reveals that there is no significant heterogeneity between various single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, no significant level of pleiotropy was found according to MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO Global tests. CONCLUSIONS Through the two-sample MR analysis, we identified the specific intestinal flora that has a causal relationship with the incidence and progression of CKD at the level of gene prediction, which may provide helpful biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Min
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gui Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Enchao Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weiming He
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Liu S, Ding Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Cheng D. Comparative study of aluminum speciation on brain-type creatine kinase: Enzyme kinetic, molecular docking, cellular experiment, and mouse model study. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112032. [PMID: 36327498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Brain-type Creatine kinase (CK-BB), which has a high affinity for Aluminum (Al), and its abnormality is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the comparative effect of Al speciation on the bioactivity of CK-BB has been studied by the inhibition kinetics method, molecular docking, cellular experiment, and mouse model study. Results showed that the half-inhibitory concentration of AlCl3 was 0.67 mM, while Al(mal)3 was 3.81 mM. Fluorescence spectra showed that Al(mal)3 had a more substantial effect on the endogenous fluorescence of CK-BB than AlCl3. Molecular docking showed that AlCl3 was closer to the active site of CK-BB. C6 cells were used to explore the enzyme activity and intracellular distribution of CK-BB by AlCl3 or Al(mal)3. AlCl3 treatment may directly affect CK-BB activity and cause insufficient local ATP supply in cells which affected the formation of F-actin and cell morphology. The change in the hydrophobicity of CK-BB induced by Al(mal)3 affected the movement of CK-BB, which subsequently activated thecytochrome C (Cyt C)/Caspase 9/Caspase 3 pathway. Similar results have been found in vivo experiments. This study demonstrated that interaction between Al and CK-BB might be related to the process of Al-induced energy metabolism disorders, in which the Al speciation revealed differentiated toxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yixin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Monkfish ( Lophius litulon) Peptides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Regulation of Intestinal Flora. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010245. [PMID: 36615439 PMCID: PMC9822466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal damage and intestinal flora imbalance due to lipotoxicity are particularly significant in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, which can be alleviated with bioactive peptides. The monkfish (Lophius litulon) is rich in proteins, which can be used as a source of quality bioactive peptides. This study aimed to examine the protective effect of monkfish peptides on renal injury and their potential role in regulating gut microbiota. METHODS Monkfish meat was hydrolyzed using neutral protease and filtered, and the component with the highest elimination rate of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was named lophius litulon peptides (LPs). Lipid nephrotoxicity was induced via high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 8 weeks and then treated with LPs. Oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and intestinal flora were evaluated. RESULTS LP (200 mg/kg) therapy reduced serum creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels by 49.5%, 31.6%, and 31.6%, respectively. Renal vesicles and tubules were considerably improved with this treatment. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly by 198.7%, 167.9%, 61.5%, and 89.4%, respectively. LPs attenuated the upregulation of HFD-induced Toll-like receptor 4 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B and increased the protein levels of heme oxygenase 1, nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota improved after LP treatment. CONCLUSIONS LPs significantly improve antioxidant activity, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and regulate intestinal dysbiosis. Thus, LPs are potential compounds that can alleviate HFD-induced renal lipotoxicity.
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Tao P, Ji J, Wang Q, Cui M, Cao M, Xu Y. The role and mechanism of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1080456. [PMID: 36601125 PMCID: PMC9806165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), an emerging global health issue, is one of the most severe microvascular complications derived from diabetes and a primary pathology contributing to end-stage renal disease. The currently available treatment provides only symptomatic relief and has failed to delay the progression of DKD into chronic kidney disease. Recently, multiple studies have proposed a strong link between intestinal dysbiosis and the occurrence of DKD. The gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) capable of regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and energy metabolism have been considered versatile players in the prevention and treatment of DKD. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the intervention of the gut microbiota-kidney axis in the development of DKD still remains to be explored. This review provides insight into the contributory role of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Taian, Taian, China,*Correspondence: Mingfeng Cao, ; Yuzhen Xu,
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China,*Correspondence: Mingfeng Cao, ; Yuzhen Xu,
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Weil's Disease-Immunopathogenesis, Multiple Organ Failure, and Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121830. [PMID: 36551258 PMCID: PMC9775223 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, causing about 60,000 deaths annually. In this review, we have described in detail the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis, the influence of cytokines, genetic susceptibility on the course of the disease, and the evasion of the immune response. These data are combined with information about immunological and pathomorphological changes in the kidneys, liver, and lungs, which are most affected by Weil's disease. The review also suggests a possible role of the gut microbiota in the clinical course of leptospirosis, the main mechanisms of the influence of gut dysbiosis on damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs through several axes, i.e., gut-liver, gut-kidney, and gut-lungs. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and/or fecal microbiota transplantation in leptospirosis may become an important area of scientific research.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Rizwan S, Mohamed AE, Elshafey AE, Khadka A, Mosuka EM, Thilakarathne KN, Mohammed L. Role of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32465. [PMID: 36644080 PMCID: PMC9835843 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome helps maintain homeostasis in the body, but what if the gut experiences imbalance? It would lead to dysbiosis - which is involved in multiple diseases, including but not limited to cardiovascular diseases, the most common cause of mortality around the globe. This research paper aims to explain all the possible mechanisms known linking the gut microbiome to the contribution of worsening cardiovascular events. PubMed and Google Scholar were thoroughly explored to learn the role of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular events. A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze the possible pathways and the metabolites included in the study. Thirteen review articles were selected based on the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) and the scale for the assessment of non-systematic review articles (SANRA) checklist scores. In this article, we have discussed the role of the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, coronary artery disease, etc. Various pathways to modify the gut microbiome are also discussed, along with the use of probiotics. Finally, we discussed the role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiome metabolite, as a biomarker for the prognosis of various diseases. This study concluded that the gut microbiome does play a crucial role in the worsening of cardiovascular diseases and the metabolites of which can be used as biomarkers in the prognosis of cardiovascular events.
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Liu X, Zhang M, Wang X, Liu P, Wang L, Li Y, Wang X, Ren F. Fecal microbiota transplantation restores normal fecal composition and delays malignant development of mild chronic kidney disease in rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037257. [PMID: 36532422 PMCID: PMC9748282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis, but the role of intestinal flora in CKD treatment remains to be elucidated. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be utilized to re-establish healthy gut microbiota for a variety of diseases, which offers new insight for treating CKD. First, 5/6 nephrectomy rats (Donor CKD) and sham rats (Donor Sham) were used as donors for FMT, and fecal metagenome were analyzed to explore potential therapeutic targets. Then, to assess the effect of FMT on CKD, sterilized 1/2 nephrectomy rats were transplanted with fecal microbiota from Donor sham (CKD/Sham) or Donor CKD (CKD/CKD) rats, and 1/2 nephrectomy rats without FMT (CKD) or no nephrectomy (Sham) were used as model control or normal control. Results showed that Bacteroides uniformis and Anaerotruncus sp. 1XD22-93 were enriched in Donor CKD, while Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus intestinalis were reduced. In addition, the increased abundance of microbial functions included tryptophan metabolism and lysine degradation contributing to the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in Donor CKD. Genome analysis indicated that FMT successfully differentiated groups of gut microbes and altered specific gut microbiota after 1 week of treatment, with Bacteroides uniformis and Anaerotruncus sp. 1XD22-93 increasing in CKD/CKD group as well as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus intestinalis being improved in CKD/Sham group. In comparison to CKD group, substantial PBUT buildup and renal damage were observed in CKD/CKD. Interestingly, compared to CKD or CKD/CKD group, tryptophan metabolism and lysine degradation were efficiently suppressed in CKD/Sham group, while lysine biosynthesis was promoted. Therefore, FMT considerably reduced PBUTs accumulation. After FMT, PBUTs and renal function in CKD/Sham rats remained the same as in Sham group throughout the experimental period. In summary, FMT could delay the malignant development of CKD by modifying microbial amino acid metabolism through altering the microenvironment of intestinal flora, thereby providing a novel potential approach for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan, China
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Wei YY, Zhang YN, Wang H, Ga Y, Fan Y, Wang Q, Gu JH, Zhang XY, Gong XH, Hao ZH. Mori fructus aqueous extracts attenuate carbon tetrachloride-induced renal injury via the Nrf2 pathway and intestinal flora. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114118. [PMID: 36174321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mori fructus aqueous extracts (MFAEs) have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years with the function of strengthening the liver and tonifying the kidney. However, its inner mechanism to alleviative renal injury is unclear. To investigate the attenuation of MFAEs on nephrotoxicity and uncover its potential molecular mechanism, we established a nephrotoxicity model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The mice were randomly divided into control group, CCl4 model group (10% CCl4), CCl4 + low and high MFAEs groups (10% CCl4 + 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg MFAEs). We found that MFAEs decreased the kidney index of mice, restored the pathological changes of renal structure induced by CCl4, reduced cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) blood urea nitrogen and creatinine contents in serum, promoted the nuclear transportation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2), elevated the expression of HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1), GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), SLC7A11 (solute carrier family 7 member 11), ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) and Occludin, suppressed the expression of Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Protein 1), ACSL4 (acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4) and TXNIP (thioredoxin interacting protein), upregulated the flora of Akkermansia, Anaerotruncus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Ihubacter, Alcaligenes, Dysosmobacter, and downregulated the flora of Clostridium_XlVa, Helicobacter, Paramuribaculum. Overlapped with Disbiome database, Clostridium_XlVa, Akkermansia and Anaerotruncus may be the potential genera treated with renal injury. It indicated that MFAEs could ameliorate kidney injury caused by CCl4 via Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yu Ga
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yimeng Fan
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xu-Hao Gong
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hao
- Innovation Centre of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Van den Eynde J, Jacquemyn X, Cloet N, Noé D, Gillijns H, Lox M, Gsell W, Himmelreich U, Luttun A, McCutcheon K, Janssens S, Oosterlinck W. Arteriovenous Fistulae in Chronic Kidney Disease and the Heart: Physiological, Histological, and Transcriptomic Characterization of a Novel Rat Model. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027593. [PMID: 36205249 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are the gold standard for vascular access in those requiring hemodialysis but may put an extra hemodynamic stress on the cardiovascular system. The complex interactions between the heart, kidney, and AVFs remain incompletely understood. Methods and Results We characterized a novel rat model of five-sixths partial nephrectomy (NX) and AVFs. NX induced increases in urea, creatinine, and hippuric acid. The addition of an AVF (AVF+NX) further increased urea and a number of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine N-oxide and led to increases in cardiac index, left and right ventricular volumes, and right ventricular mass. Plasma levels of uremic toxins correlated well with ventricular morphology and function. Heart transcriptomes identified altered expression of 8 genes following NX and 894 genes following AVF+NX, whereas 290 and 1431 genes were altered in the kidney transcriptomes, respectively. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed gene expression changes related to cell division and immune activation in both organs, suppression of ribosomes and transcriptional activity in the heart, and altered renin-angiotensin signaling as well as chronodisruption in the kidney. All except the latter were worsened in AVF+NX compared with NX. Conclusions Inflammation and organ dysfunction in chronic kidney disease are exacerbated following AVF creation. Furthermore, our study provides important information for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Cloet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Dries Noé
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hilde Gillijns
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- MoSAIC, Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- MoSAIC, Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Aernout Luttun
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Keir McCutcheon
- Department of Cardiology Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University Newcastle United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Wouter Oosterlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Hong CT, Chen JH, Huang TW. Probiotics treatment for Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7014-7025. [PMID: 36084951 PMCID: PMC9512504 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People with Parkinson disease (PwP) exhibit gut dysbiosis and considerable gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Probiotics, beneficial strains of microorganisms, supplement and optimize the intestinal environment and alleviate GI symptoms among elderly people. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials to investigate the effects of probiotics on PwP. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Major outcomes were the effects on GI symptoms, including bowel movement and stool characteristics. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021262036). RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two open-label studies were included. Most of the probiotic regimens were based on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Six studies investigated the benefit of probiotics for GI symptoms, especially for PwP with functional constipation, and two RCTs assessed probiotics' effect on systematic metabolism and inflammation. In the meta-analysis, probiotic treatment significantly increased the frequency of bowel movements among PwP (mean difference [MD]: 1.06 /week, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61 to 1.51, p < 0.001, I2 = 40%). Additionally, probiotic treatment significantly normalized stool consistency (standard MD: 0.61, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.91, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Although the probiotic compositions varied, probiotic treatment significantly attenuated constipation for PwP and exhibited possible systematic effects on inflammation and metabolism. Given the tolerability of probiotics, the present meta-analysis may provide more consolidated evidence of the benefit of probiotics on constipation in PwP and a possible new therapeutic approach for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hung Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Nursing and Healthcare Research in Clinical Practice Application, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Oral Absorbent AST-120 Is Associated with Compositional and Functional Adaptations of Gut Microbiota and Modification of Serum Short and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Advanced CKD Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092234. [PMID: 36140334 PMCID: PMC9496242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal studies have demonstrated that an oral absorbent AST-120 modulates gut environment. However, this phenomenon remains unclear in humans. This study aimed to assess the effects of AST-120 on the gut microbiota, related functional capability and metabolomic profiling in advanced chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients. Methods: Eight advanced CKD patients with AST-120 (CKD+AST), 24 CKD patients (CKD), and 24 non-CKD controls were enrolled. We analyzed 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of feces and serum metabolomics profiling. Results: The CKD+AST group exhibited dispersed microbial community structure (β-diversity, p < 0.001) compared to other groups. The relative abundances of at least 16 genera were significantly different amongst the three groups. Increases of fatty acids-producing bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcus_2, Eubacterium_nodatum and Phascolarctobacterium) associated with elevated serum acetic acid and octanoic acid levels were found in CKD+AST group. Analysis of microbial gene function indicated that pathway modules relevant to metabolisms of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates were differentially enriched between CKD+AST and CKD groups. Specifically, enrichments of gene markers of the biosynthesis of fatty acids were noted in the CKD+AST group. Conclusion: Advanced CKD patients exhibited significant gut dysbiosis. AST-120 can partially restore the gut microbiota and intervenes in a possible signature of short- and medium-chain fatty acids metabolism.
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Pre-transplant Ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of Gut Microbiota as a Potential Biomarker of Allograft Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of technologies has made allogenic transplantation a potential curative therapy for end-stage renal diseases, but the episodes of rejection still remain as one of the challenges in the post-transplant scenario. In the recent years, several human and animal studies have elucidated that gut microbial dysbiosis is closely linked with allogenic transplantation and post-transplant complications. But most of the studies focused on the use of high through-put sequencing technologies to analyze gut microbiota despite of its high cost, analysis and time constraints. Hence, in this work we aimed to study the impact of the two dominant gut phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes on 38 renal transplant recipients, before and after transplantation and to find its association with allograft rejection. Significant changes (p<0.01) were observed in the relative abundances of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at pre- and post-transplant period. We have also found that the recipients who had an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio before transplant were highly prone to rejection in the first-year post-transplant. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis has shown that the ratio of F/B were able to discriminate between rejection and non-rejection cases with an Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.91. Additionally, we observed that the ratio of F/B have reduced during the time of rejection postulating that gut microbial dysbiosis has more association with rejection. Thus, the assessment of F/B ratio using qPCR would be of a more practical approach for diagnosis and monitoring of graft function in a cost-effective and timely manner.
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Xu B, Zheng J, Tian X, Yuan F, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Ding X. Protective mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine guizhi fuling pills against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney damage is through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and regulating the intestinal flora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154129. [PMID: 35490491 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical or drug-induced kidney damage has been recognized as a critical cause of kidney failure. The oxidative stress, inflammation, and imbalance of intestinal flora caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) play a fundamental role in chronic kidney damage. Guizhi Fuling pills (GZFL) is a traditional formula consisting of five traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, which can promote blood circulation and improve kidney function. The underlying mechanisms of GZFL improving kidney damage are not fully understood yet. AIM The current study aimed to explore the effects of GZFL on CCl4-induced kidney damage and intestinal microbiota in mice. METHODS Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally administered with 20% CCl4 (mixed in a ratio of 1:4 in soybean oil) twice a week, for 4 weeks to induce kidney damage. Creatinine (CRE), urea nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory cytokines were measured and the histology of the kidney, jejunum, and colon examination to assess kidney and intestinal damage. The expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) family members, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in kidney tissues, and the tight junction proteins in colonic tissues were detected by Western blot. The gut microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS GZFL treatment decreased the serum CRE and urea nitrogen levels. Moreover, GZFL reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney and colonic tissues. GZFL improved the kidney, jejunum, and colon histology. Furthermore, GZFL inhibited the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-Caspase-1, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, and tight junction proteins were increased. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota improved after GZFL treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that GZFL could improve kidney damage, which might be mainly via the integrated regulations of the Nrf2 pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, and composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xianjun Ding
- Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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Dobrek Ł. POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS TARGETING THE GUT DYSBIOSIS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:1757-1764. [PMID: 35962694 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202207127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important physiological role in controlling not only the function of the gastrointestinal tract, but also in maintaining systemic homeostasis. Quantitative and /or qualitative disturbances of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are an important element in the complex pathogenesis of many diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the disease, the mutual interactions between disturbed gut microbiota and the progression of CKD (pathophysiological "kidney-gut axis") have been demonstrated. The kidney failure causes water and nitrogen waste retention which leads to disturbances of motility, secretion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. These abnormalities contribute to the development of gut dysbiosis, accompanied by overproduction of toxic bacterial metabolites, with their translocation to the peripheral blood and development of endotoxemia. As a consequence, chronic kidney "low-grade" inflammation and oxidative stress develop, with further deterioration of kidney function in the mechanism of the "vicious cycle" of the kidney-gut axis. Considering the key role of gut dysbiosis and the kidney-gut axis, the attempts to restore the gut eubiosis seem to have an important role in the treatment of CKD and may be even regarded as a form of causal therapeutic intervention. The paper briefly discusses the basics of the pathophysiological kidney-gut axis in CKD and potential methods of modulating the abnormal gut microbiota in this disease, including the use of probiotic or prebiotic preparations, agents that absorb bacterial-derived toxins in the intestinal lumen, fecal microbiota transplantation and drugs used so far for other indications (acarbose, meclofenamate, lubiprostone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dobrek
- DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, WROCLAW MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, WROCLAW, POLAND
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105354. [PMID: 35628164 PMCID: PMC9140893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease associated with several secondary complications that increase comorbidity and mortality. In patients with CKD, there is a significant qualitative and quantitative alteration in the gut microbiota, which, consequently, also leads to reduced production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Evidence supports the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress, which are implicated in CKD pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the current knowledge, based on pre-clinical and clinical evidence, on the effect of SCFAs on CKD-associated inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Joachim A, Schwerd T, Hölz H, Sokollik C, Konrad LA, Jordan A, Lanzersdorfer R, Schmidt-Choudhury A, Hünseler C, Adam R. [Fecal Microbiota Transfer (FMT) in Children and Adolescents - Review and statement by the GPGE microbiome working group]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:963-969. [PMID: 35533688 DOI: 10.1055/a-1801-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome and especially the gastrointestinal microbiota are associated with health and disease. Disturbance in the composition or function of fecal microbiota (dysbiosis) plays a role in the development of pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) is a special intervention, where microbiota are transferred from a healthy donor.In this review we describe the current state of knowledge for FMT in pediatric patients. There is satisfactory evidence concerning FMT in patients with recurrent C. difficile infection. For inflammatory bowel disease, few studies show a potential benefit.Adverse events occurred frequently in clinical studies, but were mostly mild and transient. There are hardly any data on long-term side effects of FMT, which are particularly significant for pediatrics. In practice, there is uncertainty as to which application route, dosage or frequency should be used. Legally, donor stool is considered a drug in German-speaking countries, for which no marketing authorization exists.In conclusion, knowledge about physiology, efficacy and side effects of FMT is insufficient and legal concerns complicate its implementation. More studies on this topic are needed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universtität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Hannes Hölz
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universtität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Abteilung Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung, Universitätsklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Alfons Konrad
- Klinik für Neonatologie und allgemeine Pädiatrie, Gesundheit Nordhessen, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Alexander Jordan
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Anjona Schmidt-Choudhury
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Adam
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota: What Is Their Connection in Early Life? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073954. [PMID: 35409313 PMCID: PMC9000069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD and its comorbidities. Considering that CKD can originate in early life, its treatment and prevention should start in childhood or even earlier in fetal life. Therefore, a better understanding of how the early-life gut microbiome impacts CKD in later life and how to develop ideal early interventions are unmet needs to reduce CKD. The purpose of the current review is to summarize (1) the current evidence on the gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in pediatric CKD; (2) current knowledge supporting the impact of the gut–kidney axis in CKD, including inflammation, immune response, alterations of microbiota compositions, short-chain fatty acids, and uremic toxins; and (3) an overview of the studies documenting early gut microbiota-targeted interventions in animal models of CKD of developmental origins. Treatment options include prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, etc. To accelerate the transition of gut microbiota-based therapies for early prevention of CKD, an extended comprehension of gut microbiota dysbiosis implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on pediatric CKD for further clinical translation.
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Xu X, Chen J, Lv H, Xi Y, Ying A, Hu X. Molecular mechanism of Pyrrosia lingua in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: Network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experimental verification. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153929. [PMID: 35104754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists reporting that Pyrrosia lingua (PL, Xinhui Pharmaceutical, Polypodiaceae) alleviates nephrolithiasis in rat models. The precipitation of calcium oxalate may result in kidney stones, and the intestinal microbiota is critical for oxalate metabolism. Therefore, we attempt to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PL on nephrolithiasis and its association with gut microbiota. METHODS Following differential flora analysis in gutMEGA, the network relationship of PL and nephrolithiasis was analyzed based on the TCMSP, DisGeNET and STRING databases. Moreover, the kidney stone model rats were fed with different doses of PL powder and PL extract. In addition, metabolomics technology was employed to identify the active ingredients in PL extract and the microbial metabolites in rat feces. RESULTS The effect of PL on the nephrolithiasis was based on quercetin and kaempferol by mediating the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and regulating the expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, mitogen activated protein kinase 8, and secreted phosphoprotein 1. PL significantly reduced the levels of urine oxalic acid, urine calcium, and osteopontin (OPN) levels in rat models of nephrolithiasis. Notably, PL extract decreased these two indicators to lower levels. Furthermore, contents of Oxalobacter formigenes, Bacteriodetes, Bifidobacterium and Fecalibacterium were obviously reduced after treatment with PL extract. CONCLUSION PL powder and its active extracts reduce the oxalate level in urine by regulating oxalate metabolism, thus ameliorating the damage of kidney tissues and preventing kidney stone formation. This study suggests the use of PL and its extracts as an alternative source of promising agents that might directly or indirectly inhibit the progression of kidney stone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang 321300, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang 321300, PR China
| | - Haiou Lv
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Aiying Ying
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China.
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Gebrayel P, Nicco C, Al Khodor S, Bilinski J, Caselli E, Comelli EM, Egert M, Giaroni C, Karpinski TM, Loniewski I, Mulak A, Reygner J, Samczuk P, Serino M, Sikora M, Terranegra A, Ufnal M, Villeger R, Pichon C, Konturek P, Edeas M. Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution. J Transl Med 2022; 20:111. [PMID: 35255932 PMCID: PMC8900094 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within the human body consisting of trillions of microbes called gut microbiota. The normal flora is the site of many physiological functions such as enhancing the host immunity, participating in the nutrient absorption and protecting the body against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and many organs within the human body such as the intestines, the lungs, the brain, and the skin. Large body of evidence demonstrated, more than a decade ago, that the gut microbial alteration is a key factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic disorders. In this regard, a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in the gut microbial symbiosis/dysbiosis is crucial for the clinical and health field. We review the most recent studies on the involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of many diseases. We also elaborate the different strategies used to manipulate the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of disorders. The future of medicine is strongly related to the quality of our microbiota. Targeting microbiota dysbiosis will be a huge challenge.
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The impact of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the duodenal microbiome. Menopause 2022; 29:253-254. [PMID: 35131962 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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OMICS in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Prognosis and Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010336. [PMID: 35008760 PMCID: PMC8745343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are characterized by a high residual risk for cardiovascular (CV) events and CKD progression. This has prompted the implementation of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers with the aim of mitigating this risk. The ‘omics’ techniques, namely genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, are excellent candidates to provide a better understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease in CKD, to improve risk stratification of patients with respect to future cardiovascular events, and to identify CKD patients who are likely to respond to a treatment. Following such a strategy, a reliable risk of future events for a particular patient may be calculated and consequently the patient would also benefit from the best available treatment based on their risk profile. Moreover, a further step forward can be represented by the aggregation of multiple omics information by combining different techniques and/or different biological samples. This has already been shown to yield additional information by revealing with more accuracy the exact individual pathway of disease.
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