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Yazılıtaş F, Çakıcı EK, Güngör T, Karakaya D, Çelikkaya E, Şen ZS, Gümüşer R, Tanır NG, Bülbül M. Retrospective evaluation of acute kidney injury in paediatric COVID-19 patients: a tertiary referral hospital experience. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-01986-9. [PMID: 39031240 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognised as a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Our aim was to investigate the risk factors contributing to hospitalised and outpatient paediatric COVID-19-associated AKI. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients aged 1 month to 18 years with diagnosed COVID-19-associated AKI applied to a tertiary paediatric referral hospital between March 1, 2020 and March 1, 2022. RESULTS A total of 6683 patients were evaluated and 486 patients were included in the study. Acute kidney injury was observed in 3.7% of outpatients and 23.9% of hospitalised patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, on admission, a history of contact with a COVID-19 positive person (p < 0.001), age below 12 months (p = 0.004), presence of comorbidities (p < 0.001), abdominal pain (p = 0.008), anorexia (p = 0.003), dyspnoea (p = 0.005), higher lactate dehydrogenase values (p = 0.004), neutrophilia (p < 0.001), higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.003), higher white blood cell counts (p = 0.006), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.002), anaemia (p = 0.015), hypoalbuminaemia (p < 0.001), hyperglycaemia (p = 0.006), and presence of proteinuria (p = 0.003) were independent predictors of AKI. Higher rates of hospitalisation (p < 0.001) and admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (p < 0.001), longer length of hospitalisation (p < 0.001), and greater need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001) were associated with AKI. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that not only hospitalised children, but also paediatric patients are at risk for AKI. The presence of comorbidities, abdominal pain, anorexia, dyspnoea, anaemia, inflammation, hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria and history of contact with a COVID-19 positive person were the main risk factors for AKI. COVID-19-associated AKI was associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yazılıtaş
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Evrim Kargın Çakıcı
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tülin Güngör
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Karakaya
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evra Çelikkaya
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Savaş Şen
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Gümüşer
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Gönül Tanır
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Dr Sami Ulus Kadin Dogum Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Egitim ve Arastirma. Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey
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Kulkarni D, Ismail NF, Zhu F, Wang X, del Carmen Morales G, Srivastava A, Allen KE, Spinardi J, Rahman AE, Kyaw MH, Nair H. Epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05003. [PMID: 38419461 PMCID: PMC10902805 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CQvip, and the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 global literature databases for primary studies recruiting children aged ≤18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed either by molecular or antigen tests. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools to appraise the study quality and conducted meta-analyses using the random effects model for all outcomes except for race/ethnicity as risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We included 237 studies, each reporting at least one of the study outcomes. Based on data from 117 studies, the pooled SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 9.30% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.15-11.73). Having a comorbidity was identified as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection (risk ratio (RR) = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.04-1.71) based on data from 49 studies. Most cases in this review presented with mild disease (n = 50; 52.47% (95% CI = 44.03-60.84)). However, 20.70% of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections were hospitalised (67 studies), 7.19% required oxygen support (57 studies), 4.26% required intensive care (93 studies), and 2.92% required assisted ventilation (63 studies). The case fatality ratio (n = 119) was 0.87% (95% CI = 0.54-1.28), which included in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths. Conclusions Our data showed that children were at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe outcomes in the pre-Omicron era. These findings underscore the need for effective vaccination strategies for the paediatric population to protect against the acute and long-term sequelae of COVID-19. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42022327680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Kulkarni
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nabihah Farhana Ismail
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Public Health Department, Johor State, Malaysia
| | - Fuyu Zhu
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh
| | | | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Schol of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tastemel Ozturk T, Düzova A, Oygar PD, Baltu D, Ozcilingir Hakverdi P, Lacinel Gurlevik S, Kurt-Sukur ED, Aykan HH, Ozen S, Ertugrul I, Kesici S, Gulhan B, Ozaltin F, Ozsurekci Y, Cengiz AB, Topaloglu R. Acute kidney injury in children with moderate-severe COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a referral center experience. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:867-877. [PMID: 37676500 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C are limited. We aimed to define the frequency, associated factors and early outcome of AKI in moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and MIS-C; and to present a tertiary referral center experience from Türkiye. METHODS Hospitalized patients ≤ 18 years of age with confirmed COVID-19 or MIS-C at İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, between March 2020-December 2021 were enrolled. The characteristics of AKI in the COVID-19 group were investigated in moderate, severe and critically ill patients; patients with mild COVID-19 were excluded. RESULTS The median (Q1-Q3) age in the COVID-19 (n = 66) and MIS-C (n = 111) groups was 10.7 years (3.9-15.2) and 8.7 years (4.5-12.7), respectively. The frequency of AKI was 22.7% (15/66) in COVID-19 and 15.3% (17/111) in MIS-C; all MIS-C patients with AKI and 73.3% (11/15) of COVID-19 patients with AKI had AKI at the time of admission. Multivariate analyses revealed need for vasoactive/inotropic agents [Odds ratio (OR) 19.233, p = 0.002] and presence of vomiting and/or diarrhea (OR 4.465, p = 0.036) as independent risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 patients; and need for vasoactive/inotropic agents (OR 22.542, p = 0.020), procalcitonin and ferritin levels as independent risk factors of AKI in the MIS-C group. Age was correlated with lymphocyte count (r = -0.513, p < 0.001) and troponin level (r = 0.518, p < 0.001) in MIS-C patients. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in both groups with AKI, compared to those without AKI. Mortality was 9.1% in the COVID-19 group; and was associated with AKI (p = 0.021). There was no mortality in MIS-C patients. AKI recovery at discharge was 63.6% in COVID-19 survivors and 100% in MIS-C patients. CONCLUSIONS Independent risk factors for AKI were need for vasoactive/inotropic agents and vomiting/diarrhea in moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 patients; and need for vasoactive/inotropic agents and severe inflammation in MIS-C patients. Our findings suggest that inflammation and cardiac dysfunction are associated with AKI in MIS-C patients; and the association with age in this group merits further studies in larger groups. Early outcome is favorable; long-term follow-up for kidney functions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Tastemel Ozturk
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ali Düzova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Pembe Derin Oygar
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Demet Baltu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Sibel Lacinel Gurlevik
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Eda Didem Kurt-Sukur
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hayrettin Hakan Aykan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Life Support Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seza Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ilker Ertugrul
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Selman Kesici
- Life Support Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bora Gulhan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Ozsurekci
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ali Bulent Cengiz
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Eftekhar SP, Sepidarkish M, Amri Maleh P, Jafaripour I, Hedayati MT, Amin K, Pourkia R, Abroutan S, Saravi M, Jalali F, Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh M, Ziaie N. Impact of Negative Fluid Balance on Mortality and Outcome of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:6957341. [PMID: 37313354 PMCID: PMC10260309 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6957341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Maintaining the proper fluid balance is a fundamental step in the management of hospitalized patients. The current study evaluated the impact of negative fluid balance on outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19. Methods We considered the negative fluid balance as a higher output fluid compared to the input fluid. The fluid balance was categorized into four groups (group 4: -850 to -500 ml/day; group 3: -499 to -200 ml/day, group 2: -199 to 0 ml/day, and group 1 : 1 to 1000 ml/day) and included ordinally in the model. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, length of hospitalization, and improvement in oxygen saturation. Results The fluid balance differed significantly among nonsurvivors and survivors (MD: -317.93, 95% CI: -410.21, -225.69, and p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significantly lower frequency of mortality in patients with negative fluid balance compared to the controls (aRR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84, and p < 0.001). Similarly, the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the negative fluid balance group in comparison to the control group (aMD: -1.01, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.28, and p=0.006). Conclusion We determined that the negative fluid balance was associated with favorable outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The negative fluid balance was associated with the reduced mortality rate and length of hospitalization as well as improvement in oxygen saturation. Moreover, the NT-proBNP >781 pg/mL and fluid balance >-430 mL might be the predictors for positive fluid balance and mortality, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parviz Amri Maleh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafaripour
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kamyar Amin
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pourkia
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroutan
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Saravi
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzad Jalali
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Ziaie
- Department of Cardiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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5
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Abdulaziz Alsufyani A. Post-COVID-19 effect on biochemical parameters in children: Should we take heed? Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103649. [PMID: 37069947 PMCID: PMC10079315 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the potential impact of the COVID-19 infection on the serum biochemical concentration of children 6 months after recovery from the infection. The study included 72 children with a median age of 11 years. The case group consisted of 37 children who had contracted COVID-19 6 months prior to the analysis. They reported no other pre- or post-covid chronic or systemic diseases. The control group consisted of 35 children who had no prior record of COVID-19 infection. The analysis showed a substantial variation (P = 0.026) in the mean urea values (mmol/L) between the case group (4.513 ± 0.839) and the control group (5.425 ± 1.173). However, both groups' urea levels were within the normal range of their age group. No statistical differences were found analyzing the variations between the two groups in the levels of LDH, AST, ALT, BiliT, GGT, AlbBCG2, CRP, CK, AlKP, UA, Phos, Crea2, Gluc, Ca, Na, K, Cl, TP, TC, TG, and HDL (P > 0.05). The DMFT score was substantially greater (P < 0.002) in the infected team (5.38 ± 2.841) in comparison to the non-infected group (2.6 ± 2.257). The study indicates that COVID-19 infection does not leave biochemical alterations among children who did not have pre-existing conditions. The biochemical analysis suggests that children recover better than adults from COVID-19. Furthermore, it calls for investigating non-lethal COVID-19 infection as a tool to discover underlying conditions. The DMFT score shows a correlation between COVID-19 infection and caries. However, the nature of the correlation is yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdulaziz Alsufyani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Geeting D, Alibrahim O, Patel M, Kumar R, Mallory P. COVID-19 and Severe Rhabdomyolysis Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia in a Pediatric Patient: a Case Report. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 5:121. [PMID: 37073177 PMCID: PMC10090753 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-023-01453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Though initially believed to primarily be a respiratory pathogen, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has manifested as a virus that has the potential to affect multiple organ systems causing a wide variety of disease and symptomatology. Children have been largely spared in comparison to adult morbidity and mortality; however, acute pediatric illness secondary to COVID-19 infection has become both more common and more serious. Here, we present a teenager with acute COVID-19 who presented to the hospital with profound weakness and oliguria and was discovered to have severe rhabdomyolysis causing life-threatening hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. He required treatment with emergent renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. His initial CK was 584,886 U/L. Creatinine was 14.1 mg/dL and potassium was 9.9 mmol/L. He was successfully treated with CRRT and was discharged on hospital day 13 with normal kidney function on follow-up. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury are increasingly recognized as complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and require vigilance given the potentially fatal complications and long-standing morbidity associated with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Geeting
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children’s Hospital and Health System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Omar Alibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children’s Hospital and Health System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Mital Patel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children’s Hospital and Health System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Reeti Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children’s Hospital and Health System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Palen Mallory
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children’s Hospital and Health System, Durham, NC USA
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7
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Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Yassaghi Y, Nazerian A, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced Cytokine Storm in Multi-Organ Failure: Molecular Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Options. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109428. [PMCID: PMC9637536 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease causes severe pulmonary involvement and influences different organs, leading to a critical situation named multi-organ failure. It is yet to be fully clarified how the disease becomes so deadly in some patients. However, it is proven that a condition called “cytokine storm” is involved in the deterioration of COVID-19. Although beneficial, sustained production of cytokines and overabundance of inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm can lead to collateral vital organ damages. Furthermore, cytokine storm can cause post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), an important cause of morbidity after the acute phase of COVID-19. Herein, we aim to explain the possible pathophysiology mechanisms involved in COVID-19-related cytokine storm and its association with multi-organ failure and PCS. We also discuss the latest advances in finding the potential therapeutic targets to control cytokine storm wishing to answer unmet clinical demands for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Geetha D, Kronbichler A, Rutter M, Bajpai D, Menez S, Weissenbacher A, Anand S, Lin E, Carlson N, Sozio S, Fowler K, Bignall R, Ducharlet K, Tannor EK, Wijewickrama E, Hafidz MIA, Tesar V, Hoover R, Crews D, Varnell C, Danziger-Isakov L, Jha V, Mohan S, Parikh C, Luyckx V. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the kidney community: lessons learned and future directions. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:724-737. [PMID: 36002770 PMCID: PMC9400561 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected patients with kidney disease, causing significant challenges in disease management, kidney research and trainee education. For patients, increased infection risk and disease severity, often complicated by acute kidney injury, have contributed to high mortality. Clinicians were faced with high clinical demands, resource shortages and novel ethical dilemmas in providing patient care. In this review, we address the impact of COVID-19 on the entire spectrum of kidney care, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, dialysis and transplantation, trainee education, disparities in health care, changes in health care policies, moral distress and the patient perspective. Based on current evidence, we provide a framework for the management and support of patients with kidney disease, infection mitigation strategies, resource allocation and support systems for the nephrology workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duvuru Geetha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Megan Rutter
- Department of Lifespan and Population Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Divya Bajpai
- Department of Nephrology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College (GSMC) and the King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Steven Menez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annemarie Weissenbacher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shuchi Anand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford, California, USA
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Carlson
- Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Sozio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Fowler
- Principal, Voice of the Patient Inc, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ray Bignall
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn Ducharlet
- Department of Renal Medicine, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Nephrology and Palliative Care, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elliot K Tannor
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Renal Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eranga Wijewickrama
- Consultant Nephrologist and Professor in the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Medical Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka and National Institute of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hoover
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Deidra Crews
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Varnell
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lara Danziger-Isakov
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Chirag Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valerie Luyckx
- Associate Scientist, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Honorary Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Nephrologist, University Childrens Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Silva BM, Assis LCSD, Batista MDC, Gonzalez NAP, Anjos SBD, Goes MA. Acute kidney injury outcomes in covid-19 patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bras Nefrol 2022; 44:543-556. [PMID: 35848725 PMCID: PMC9838673 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0013en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Therefore, we decided to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with data from the literature to relate the development of COVID-19 associated-AKI with comorbidities, medications, and the impact of mechanical ventilation. METHODS We performed a systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and a meta-analysis using the R program. Relevant studies were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and SciELO electronic databases. Search filters were used to include reports after 2020 and cohort studies. RESULTS In total, 1166 articles were identified and 55 English-written articles were included based on the risk of bias. Of all COVID-19-hospitalized patients presenting with AKI (n = 18029) classified as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 to 3, approximately 18% required mechanical ventilation and 39.2 % died. Around 11.3% of the patients required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and of these, 1093 died and 321 required continuous KRT. Death is more frequent in individuals with AKI [OR 6.03, 95%CI: 5.73-6.74; p<0.01]. Finally, mechanical ventilation is an aggravating factor in the clinical conditions studied [OR 11.01, 95%CI: 10.29-11.77; p<0.01]. CONCLUSION Current literature indicates AKI as an important complication in COVID-19. In this context, we observed that comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure, were more related to the development of AKI. In addition, mechanical ventilation was seen as an aggravating factor in this scenario.
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10
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Silva BM, Assis LCSD, Batista Júnior MDC, Gonzalez NAP, Anjos SBD, Goes MA. Desfechos de lesão renal aguda em pacientes com covid-19: revisão sistemática e metanálise. J Bras Nefrol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0013pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Antecedentes: Lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma complicação frequente da doença do coronavírus-19 (COVID-19). Desta forma, decidimos realizar uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados da literatura para relacionar o desenvolvimento de LRA associada à COVID-19 com comorbidades, medicamentos e o impacto da ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática usando a escala de Newcastle-Ottawa e uma metanálise utilizando o programa R. Estudos relevantes foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Medline e SciELO. Foram utilizados filtros de pesquisa para incluir relatos após 2020 e estudos de coorte. Resultados: No total, foram identificados 1166 artigos, e foram incluídos 55 artigos escritos em língua inglesa com base no risco de viés. De todos os pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 apresentando LRA (n = 18029) classificados como Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes estágios 1 a 3, aproximadamente 18% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e 39,2% foram a óbito. Cerca de 11,3% dos pacientes necessitaram de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e destes, 1093 foram a óbito e 321 necessitaram de TRS contínua. O óbito é mais frequente em indivíduos com LRA [OR 6,03; IC95%: 5,73-6,74; p<0,01]. Por fim, a ventilação mecânica é um fator agravante nas condições clínicas estudadas [OR 11,01; IC95%: 10,29-11,77; p<0,01]. Conclusão: A literatura atual indica a LRA como uma complicação importante na COVID-19. Neste contexto, observamos que comorbidades, como doença renal crônica e insuficiência cardíaca, estiveram mais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de LRA. Além disso, a ventilação mecânica foi vista como um fator agravante neste cenário.
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Sivaparthipan CB, Muthu BA, Fathima G, Kumar PM, Alazab M, Díaz VG. Blockchain Assisted Disease Identification of COVID-19 Patients with the Help of IDA-DNN Classifier. WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 126:2597-2620. [PMID: 35789579 PMCID: PMC9243874 DOI: 10.1007/s11277-022-09831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, millions of people were affected by the Corona-virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causing loads of deaths. Most COVID-19 affected people recover in a few spans of weeks. However, certain people even those with a milder variant of the disease persist in experiencing symptoms subsequent to their initial recuperation. Here, a novel Block-Chain (BC)-assisted optimized deep learning algorithm, explicitly improved dragonfly algorithm based Deep Neural Network (IDA-DNN), is proposed for detecting the different diseases of the COVID-19 patients. Initially, the input data of the COVID-19 recovered patients are gathered centered on their post symptoms and their data is amassed as a BC for rendering security to the patient's data. After that, the disease identification of the patient's data is performed with the aid of system training. The training includes '4' disparate datasets for data collection, and then, performs preprocessing, Feature Extraction (FE), Feature Reduction (FR), along with classification utilizing ID-DNN on the gathered inputted data. The IDA-DNN classifies '2' classes (presence of disease and absence of disease) for every type of data. The proposed method's outcomes are examined as well as contrasted with the other prevailing techniques to corroborate that the proposed IDA-DNN detects the COVID-19 more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. B. Sivaparthipan
- Department of Computer Science, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, India
| | - Bala Anand Muthu
- Department of Computer Science, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, India
| | - G. Fathima
- Department of Computer Science, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, India
| | | | - Mamoun Alazab
- IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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12
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Basu RK, Bjornstad EC, Gist KM, Starr M, Khandhar P, Chanchlani R, Krallman KA, Zappitelli M, Askenazi D, Goldstein SL. Acute kidney injury in critically Ill children and young adults with suspected SARS-CoV2 infection. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1787-1796. [PMID: 34331019 PMCID: PMC8323541 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the association of suspected versus confirmed infection with the novel SARS-CoV2 virus with the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children. METHODS Sequential point-prevalence study of children and young adults aged 7 days to 25 years admitted to intensive care units under investigation for SARS-CoV2 infection. AKI was staged in the first 14 days of enrollment using KDIGO creatinine-based staging. SARS-CoV2 positive (CONFIRMED) were compared to SUSPECTED (negative or unknown). Outcome data was censored at 28-days. RESULTS In 331 patients of both sexes, 179 (54.1%) were CONFIRMED, 4.2% (14) died. AKI occurred in 124 (37.5%) and severe AKI occurred in 63 (19.0%). Incidence of AKI in CONFIRMED was 74/179 (41.3%) versus 50/152 (32.9%) for SUSPECTED; severe AKI occurred in 35 (19.6%) of CONFIRMED and 28 (18.4%) of SUSPECTED. Mortality was 6.2% (n = 11) in CONFIRMED, but 9.5% (n = 7) in those CONFIRMED with AKI. On multivariable analysis, only Hispanic ethnicity (relative risk 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9) was associated with less AKI development among those CONFIRMED. CONCLUSIONS AKI and severe AKI occur commonly in critically ill children with SARS-CoV2 infection, more than double the historical standard. Further investigation is needed during this continuing pandemic to describe and refine the understanding of pediatric AKI epidemiology and outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01987921. IMPACT What is the key message of the article? AKI occurs in children exposed to the novel SARS-CoV2 virus at high prevalence (~40% with some form of AKI and 20% with severe AKI). What does it add to the existing literature? Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in adult patients with SARS-CoV2 (COVID), very little data describes the epidemiology of AKI in children exposed to the virus. What is the impact? A pediatric vaccine is not available; thus, the pandemic is not over for children. Pediatricians will need to manage significant end-organ ramifications of the novel SARS-CoV2 virus including AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajit K Basu
- Division of Critical Care, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Erica C Bjornstad
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katja M Gist
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michelle Starr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paras Khandhar
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Beaumont Children's Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kelli A Krallman
- Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - David Askenazi
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stuart L Goldstein
- Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Marzuillo P, Coppola C, Caiazzo R, Macchini G, Di Sessa A, Guarino S, Esposito F, Miraglia del Giudice E, Tipo V. Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Acute Appendicitis. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050620. [PMID: 35626797 PMCID: PMC9139852 DOI: 10.3390/children9050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that—as in other common pediatric conditions—acute appendicitis (AA) could be complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of, and the factors associated with AKI in a cohort of patients with AA. We retrospectively collected data of 122 children (63.9% of male gender; mean age 8.6 ± 2.9 years; range: 2.2–13.9 years) hospitalized for AA. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria. We considered a basal serum creatinine value as the value of creatinine estimated with the Hoste (age) equation, assuming that the basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Explorative univariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations with AKI. Out of 122 patients, nine (7.4%) presented with AKI. One patient had stage two AKI and the remaining had stage one AKI. The maximum AKI stage was found at admission. The patients with AKI showed a higher prevalence of fever ≥ 38.5 °C (p = 0.02), vomiting (p = 0.03), ≥5% dehydration (p = 0.03), and higher levels of both C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.002) and neutrophils (p = 0.03) compared with patients without AKI. Because all patients with AKI also presented with vomiting, an Odds Ratio (OR) for the vomiting was not calculable. The exploratory univariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that fever ≥ 38.5 °C (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 1.2/21.5; p = 0.03), ≥5% dehydration (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 1.1/69.6; p = 0.04), CRP (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05/1.2; p = 0.01), and neutrophil levels (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.01/1.3; p = 0.04) were all predictive factors of AKI. AKI can occur in 7.4% of patients with AA. Particular attention should be paid to the kidney health of patients with AA especially in the presence of vomiting, ≥5% dehydration, fever ≥ 38.5 °C, and high CRP and neutrophils levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.G.); (E.M.d.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665344; Fax: +39-081-5665420
| | - Crescenzo Coppola
- Pediatric Emergency Department, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80129 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Roberta Caiazzo
- Pediatric Emergency Department, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80129 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Giulia Macchini
- Pediatric Emergency Department, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80129 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.G.); (E.M.d.G.)
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.G.); (E.M.d.G.)
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80129 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.S.); (S.G.); (E.M.d.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Tipo
- Pediatric Emergency Department, A.O.R.N Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80129 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.T.)
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14
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Raina R, Mawby I, Chakraborty R, Sethi SK, Mathur K, Mahesh S, Forbes M. Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 pediatric patients in North America: Analysis of the virtual pediatric systems data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266737. [PMID: 35472149 PMCID: PMC9041802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Despite extensive research into acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults, research into the epidemiology, associated risk factors, treatment, and mortality of AKI in pediatric COVID-19 patients is understudied. Advancing understanding of this disease is crucial to further developing treatment and preventative care strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 2,546 COVID-19 pediatric patients (age ≤ 21 years) who were admitted the ICU in North America. Analysis of the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS) COVID-19 database was conducted between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021.
Results
Out of a total of 2,546 COVID positive pediatric patients, 10.8% (n = 274) were diagnosed with AKI. Significantly higher continuous and categorical outcomes in the AKI subset compared to the non-AKI cohort included: length of stay at the hospital (LOS) [9.04 (5.11–16.66) vs. 5.09 (2.58–9.94) days], Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 probability of death [1.20 (0.86–3.83) vs. 0.96 (0.79–1.72)], PIM 3 probability of death [0.98 (0.72–2.93) vs. 0.78 (0.69–1.26)], mortality [crude OR (95% CI): 5.01 (2.89–8.70)], airway and respiratory support [1.63 (1.27–2.10)], cardio-respiratory support [3.57 (1.55–8.23)], kidney support [12.52 (5.30–29.58)], and vascular access [4.84 (3.70–6.32)].
Conclusions
This is one of the first large scale studies to analyze AKI among pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in North America. Although the course of the COVID-19 virus appears milder in the pediatric population, renal complications may result, increasing the risk of disease complication and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Raina
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/ Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Isabelle Mawby
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronith Chakraborty
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/ Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Sidharth Kumar Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology & Pediatric Kidney Transplantation, Kidney and Urology Institute, Medanta, The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Kashin Mathur
- Research Student, Akron Nephrology Associates/ Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Shefali Mahesh
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, United States of America
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Beraud M, Hashami SA, Lozano M, Bah A, Keith P. Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in the management of COVID-19-induced cytokine storm syndrome. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103433. [PMID: 35341691 PMCID: PMC8942460 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The risk of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely related to an excessive immune response, resulting in a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable condition collectively referred to as cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 has included attempts to abate this process, prevent disease progression, and reduce mortality. In this context, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) offers an approach to eliminate inflammatory factors and cytokines, offset the pathologic coagulopathy, and reduce the CSS effects. The aim of this review is to analyze available data on the use of TPE for the treatment of CSS in patients with COVID-19. Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and COVID-19 Research were conducted to identify articles published between March 1, 2020 and May 26, 2021 reporting the use of TPE for the treatment of COVID-19-induced CSS. A total of 34 peer-reviewed articles (1 randomized controlled trial, 4 matched case-control series, 15 single-group case series, and 14 case reports), including 267 patients, were selected. Despite the low evidence level of the available data, TPE appeared to be a safe intervention for critically ill patients with COVID-19-induced CSS. Although inconsistencies exist between studies, they showed a general trend for decreased interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels and increased lymphocyte counts following TPE, supporting the immunomodulatory effect of this treatment. Moreover, TPE was associated with improvements in clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. While TPE may offer a valuable option to treat patients with COVID-19-induced CSS, high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its potential clinical benefits, feasibility, and safety. Moreover, clear criteria should be established to identify patients with CSS who might benefit from TPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Beraud
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies Europe NV, Zaventem, Belgium.
| | | | - Miquel Lozano
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, ICMHO, University Clinic Hospital, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Aicha Bah
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies Europe NV, Zaventem, Belgium.
| | - Philip Keith
- Critical Care Medicine, Lexington Medical Center, West Columbia, SC 29169, USA.
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16
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Özlü SG, Aydın Z, Bozelli BN, Avcı B, İnözü M, Çaycı FŞ, Gülhan B, Sezer S, Bayrakçı US. Can microalbuminuria be an ındicator of renal ınvolvement in pediatric Covid 19 patients? Infection 2022; 50:719-724. [PMID: 35094314 PMCID: PMC8800829 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Proteinuria (both tubular and glomerular in origin) and its implications are well-known features of adult patients with COVID19. However currently studies addressing proteinuria and its role in the outcome of kidney and patients of pediatric COVID 19 is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the presence of microalbuminuria in order to detect early renal involvement in pediatric COVID 19 patients. Methods We prospectively evaluated 100 pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID 19 between April and July 2020. Clinical presentations, laboratory findings and outcomes were investigated. Microalbuminuria was compared with the age, gender, disease severity, and hemoglobin, platelet, leukocyte count and serum CRP levels of the patients. Results Twenty seven out of 100 patients had microalbuminuria. Fourteen patients had mild and fourteen had moderate disease. There was not any significant relation according to age and gender. Microalbuminuria was not related to the severity of the disease. Also the mean microalbuminuria level did not differ according to the disease course. Hemoglobin, platelet, leukocyte counts and serum CRP levels were also were not correlated with microalbuminuria levels. Conclusion Although there was no difference between the groups with different disease course; microalbuminuria is detected in an important ratio of pediatric patients with COVID 19 in this study. In the highlight of our findings we suggest that urinary findings of pediatric COVID patients should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sare Gülfem Özlü
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Bilkent Caddesi No:1, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aydın
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrak Naz Bozelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Avcı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mihriban İnözü
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Şemsa Çaycı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gülhan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Selda Bayrakçı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Üniversiteler Mahallesi, Bilkent Caddesi No:1, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Pathology findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and kidney dysfunction. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2375-2381. [PMID: 35166918 PMCID: PMC8853278 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is seen in one-fifth of pediatric patients with COVID-19 requiring hospital admission, and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and residual kidney impairment. The majority of kidney pathology data in patients with COVID-19 is derived from adult case series and there is an overall lack of histologic data for most pediatric patients with COVID-19. METHODS We assembled a multi-institutional cohort of five unvaccinated pediatric patients with COVID-19 and associated kidney dysfunction with available histology. RESULTS Three complex patients with current or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection had multifactorial thrombotic microangiopathy with clinical features of hemolytic uremic syndrome (in two) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (in one); one died and another developed chronic kidney disease stage 5. Two with recently preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with nephrotic syndrome; one had IgA vasculitis and one had minimal change disease. Within a short follow-up time, none has returned to baseline kidney function. CONCLUSION Although uncommon, COVID-19-associated kidney injury can have significant morbidity in the unvaccinated pediatric and adolescent population. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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18
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Uejima Y, Suganuma E, Taga Y, Kitajima I, Niimi H. Risk of acute kidney injury in a pediatric patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15176. [PMID: 35704457 PMCID: PMC9350275 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Uejima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eisuke Suganuma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Taga
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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19
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Taş N, Uslu Gökçeoğlu A, Aykaç K, Ceylan Cura Yayla B, Şeneş M, Demirkapı L, Samsun EÇ. Evaluation of Tubular Dysfunction Using Urine Biomarkers in Children with COVID-19. Turk Arch Pediatr 2022; 57. [PMID: 35110086 PMCID: PMC8867507 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2021.21248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease pandemic is a major problem that the world has been facing since December 2019. It mainly affects the respiratory system; however, the disease can affect the kidneys to different degrees. This study aimed to determine the changes in tubular dysfunction and inflammation parameters in children with coronavirus disease using urine biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 36 children who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using respiratory specimens. Coronavirus disease-positive and -negative period parameters were evaluated. For measurement of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and urine β2 microglobulin levels, patients' urine samples were collected at diagnosis and 1 month after discharge. Additionally, routine urine and hematological parameters were evaluated concurrently. RESULTS For all patients, the median urine β2 microglobulin, serum urea, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly higher in the coronavirus disease-positive period than in the coronavirus disease-negative period (P < .05). Further, serum platelet count was significantly lower in the coronavirus disease-positive period than in the coronavirus disease-negative period (P < .05). However, there was no difference in serum creatinine, interleukin-6, or interleukin-1β levels between the 2 periods (P > .05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest kidney involvement and tubular dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate infections. Furthermore, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels were high in the urine, even in non-critically ill patients. We believe that these findings contribute to the accumulation of evidence on continued inflammation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Taş
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,Corresponding author:Nesrin Taş✉
| | - Arife Uslu Gökçeoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Aykaç
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ceylan Cura Yayla
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şeneş
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Demirkapı
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Çolak Samsun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Sabetkish N, Rahmani A. The overall impact of COVID-19 on healthcare during the pandemic: A multidisciplinary point of view. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e386. [PMID: 34622020 PMCID: PMC8485600 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally changed the priorities of medical and surgical procedures. It has caused many healthcare systems to stop performing their routine screenings. Altering medical clinics to COVID-19 referral centers, lockdowns, and the public fear to refer to medical centers caused a significant reduction in the referral rate; especially in the elderly. This short review article highlights the transform in clinical practice during the post-COVID era and the need for future medical revolutions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was separately performed by both authors. The articles published between 2019 and August 2021 were included in this study and selected according to a quality appraisal method. RESULTS We have summarized the possible corresponding changes in the diagnosis and treatment of all fields of medical care including internal medicine, surgical, and minor subcategories after the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also discussed the potential impacts of the pandemic on all these different categories and subcategories of medicine, including the outpatient setting and clinical work. We do believe that the lack of routine check-ups has led to an increase in the stage of disease in patients with a previously diagnosed problem. On the other hand, the dramatic change in the lifestyle of the population including restricted mobility and increased consumption of unhealthy food has caused metabolic syndrome and other new diseases that have not been diagnosed and properly managed. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the urgent need for public health awareness. It indicated the need to carry out both psychological and screening approaches in the post-COVID era to not miss patients with a chronic disease and new cases who were undiagnosed during the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Sabetkish
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- ImmunologyAsthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular DiseaseInstitute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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21
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Syridou G, Stefos E, Mavridi A, Chiotopoulou K, Papaevangelou V. Child with new onset nephrotic syndrome as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 58:1455-1456. [PMID: 34806787 PMCID: PMC9011471 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Syridou
- Department of PaediatricsNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General HospitalChaidariGreece
| | - Efstathios Stefos
- Department of PaediatricsNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General HospitalChaidariGreece
| | - Artemis Mavridi
- Department of PaediatricsNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General HospitalChaidariGreece
| | - Kyveli Chiotopoulou
- Department of PaediatricsNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General HospitalChaidariGreece
| | - Vassiliki Papaevangelou
- Department of PaediatricsNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon General HospitalChaidariGreece
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22
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Grewal MK, Gregory MJ, Jain A, Mohammad D, Cashen K, Ang JY, Thomas RL, Valentini RP. Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): Is There a Difference? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:692256. [PMID: 34434905 PMCID: PMC8380850 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.692256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart review of 113 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without MIS-C admitted at Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM) from March to August 2020. Patient demographic details, laboratory data, imaging studies, echocardiography reports, and treatment data were collected. Results: Of the 92 patients included in the final analysis, 22 (24%) developed AKI with 8/22 (36%) developing stage 3 AKI. The prevalence of AKI was much higher in patients with MIS-C 15/28 (54%) vs. those with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection 7/64 (11%), (p < 0.001). Overall, when compared to patients without AKI, patients with AKI were older in age (11 vs. 6.5 years, p = 0.007), African American (86 vs. 58%, p = 0.028), had MIS-C diagnosis (68 vs. 19%, p < 0.001), required ICU admission (91 vs. 20%, p < 0.001), had cardiac dysfunction (63 vs. 16%, p < 0.001), required inotropic support (59 vs. 6%, p < 0.001) and had a greater elevation in inflammatory markers. In a multivariate analysis, requirement of inotropes [Odds Ratio (OR)-22.8, p < 0.001], African American race (OR-8.8, p = 0.023) and MIS-C diagnosis (OR-5.3, p = 0.013) were the most significant predictors for AKI. All patients had recovery of kidney function, and none required kidney replacement therapy. Conclusion: Children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C are at risk for AKI, with the risk being significantly greater with MIS-C. The pathogenesis of AKI in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a combination of both renal hypo-perfusion and direct renal parenchymal damage whereas in MIS-C, the renal injury appears to be predominantly pre-renal from cardiac dysfunction and capillary leak from a hyperinflammatory state. These factors should be considered by clinicians caring for these children with a special focus on renal protective strategies to aid in recovery and prevent additional injury to this high-risk subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K. Grewal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Melissa J. Gregory
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Amrish Jain
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Dunya Mohammad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Cashen
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jocelyn Y. Ang
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ronald L. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Rudolph P. Valentini
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
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23
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Basalely A, Gurusinghe S, Schneider J, Shah SS, Siegel LB, Pollack G, Singer P, Castellanos-Reyes LJ, Fishbane S, Jhaveri KD, Mitchell E, Merchant K, Capone C, Gefen AM, Steinberg J, Sethna CB. Acute kidney injury in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19. Kidney Int 2021; 100:138-145. [PMID: 33675848 PMCID: PMC7927648 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the incidence, associated clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute kidney injury in a pediatric cohort with COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). We performed a retrospective study of patients 18 years of age and under admitted to four New York hospitals in the Northwell Health System interned during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, between March 9 and August 13, 2020. Acute kidney injury was defined and staged according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. The cohort included 152 patients; 97 acute-COVID-19 and 55 with MIS-C associated with COVID-19. Acute kidney injury occurred in 8 with acute-COVID-19 and in 10 with MIS-C. Acute kidney injury, in unadjusted models, was associated with a lower serum albumin level (odds ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.39) and higher white blood cell counts (odds ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.2). Patients with MIS-C and acute kidney injury had significantly greater rates of systolic dysfunction, compared to those without (80% vs 49%). In unadjusted models, patients with acute kidney injury had 8.4 days longer hospitalizations compared to patients without acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval, 4.4-6.7). Acute kidney injury in acute-COVID-19 and MIS-C may be related to inflammation and/or dehydration. Further research in larger pediatric cohorts is needed to better characterize risk factors for acute kidney injury in acute-COVID-19 and with MIS-C consequent to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Basalely
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
| | - Shari Gurusinghe
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - James Schneider
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Sareen S Shah
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Linda B Siegel
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pollack
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Singer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Laura J Castellanos-Reyes
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Steven Fishbane
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Kenar D Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mitchell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Kumail Merchant
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Christine Capone
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Ashley M Gefen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Julie Steinberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Christine B Sethna
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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24
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Chopra S, Saha A, Kumar V, Thakur A, Pemde H, Kapoor D, Ray S, Das A, Pandit K, Gulati A, Sharma AG, Singh P, Sodani R. Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children with COVID19. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:fmab037. [PMID: 34080011 PMCID: PMC8195178 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for mortality among adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. AIM The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for AKI and mortality in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) from a resource-limited setting. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of laboratory confirmed COVID19 children admitted from 1 March to 30 November 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India was done. Clinical features and associated comorbidities of COVID19 were noted. Baseline serum creatinine (height-independent Hoste's equation) and peak serum creatinine were used for staging of AKI by the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria. Univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to compare the overall outcome in the AKI vs. the non-AKI group. RESULTS A total of 64 810 children between 1 month and 18 years visited the hospital; 3412 were tested for suspected COVID19, 295 tested positive and 105 (54% boys) were hospitalized. Twenty-four hospitalized children (22.8%) developed AKI; 8 in Stage 1 (33.3%), 7 in Stage 2 (29.2%) and 9 in Stage 3 (37.5%) respectively. Overall, three patients received KRT. Highest reported mortality was (66.6%) in AKI Stage 3. Risk factors for AKI included associated sepsis (OR 95% CI, 1.22-9.43, p < 0.01), nephrotic syndrome (OR 95% CI, 1.13-115.5, p < 0.01), vasopressor support (OR 3.59, 95% CI, 1.37-9.40, p value< 0.007), shock at presentation (OR 2.98, 95% CI, 1.16-7.60, p value 0.01) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.64, 95% CI, 1.04-6.71, p value< 0.03). Mortality (25.71%) was higher in the AKI group (OR 95% CI, 1.14-8.35, p < 0.023) with shock (OR 45.92; 95% CI, 3.44-612.0, p value <0.004) and ventilation (OR 46.24; 95% CI, 1.6-1333.0 p value< 0.02) as significant risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSION AKI is an important modifiable risk factor for mortality in children with COVID19 in a resource-limited setting. Our study supports the strengthening of kidney replacement therapy and its timely initiation to reduce the progression of AKI and thus mortality in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Chopra
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Abhijeet Saha
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Harish Pemde
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Dipti Kapoor
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sandip Ray
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Kaveri Pandit
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Anu Gulati
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ankita Goel Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ravitanya Sodani
- Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
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25
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Multiple drugs. REACTIONS WEEKLY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8103068 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-021-95569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Chen J, Wang W, Tang Y, Huang XR, Yu X, Lan HY. Inflammatory stress in SARS-COV-2 associated Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1497-1506. [PMID: 33907513 PMCID: PMC8071761 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing clinical evidence shows that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The older age, the severity of COVID-19 infection, the ethnicity, and the history of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are the risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients. Of them, inflammation may be a key player in the pathogenesis of AKI in patients with COVID-19. It is highly possible that SARS-COV-2 infection may trigger the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways including angiotensin II, cytokine storm such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), TGF-β signaling, complement activation, and lung-kidney crosstalk to cause AKI. Thus, treatments by targeting these inflammatory molecules and pathways with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 (Tocilizumab), C3 inhibitor AMY-101, anti-C5 antibody, anti-TGF-β OT-101, and the use of CRRT in critically ill patients may represent as novel and specific therapies for AKI in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Chen
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated hospital, Southern Medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-ru Huang
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Isoldi S, Mallardo S, Marcellino A, Bloise S, Dilillo A, Iorfida D, Testa A, Del Giudice E, Martucci V, Sanseviero M, Barberi A, Raponi M, Ventriglia F, Lubrano R. The comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children with COVID-19: A 6-months prospective study. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3122-3132. [PMID: 33570199 PMCID: PMC8014060 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To perform a comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children affected by coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Methods Children with a positive result of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) underwent laboratory tests, anal and conjunctival swab, electrocardiography, lung, abdomen, and cardiac ultrasound. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed if abnormal basal blood pressure. Patients were followed‐up for 6 months. Results Three hundred and sixteen children were evaluated; 15 were finally included. Confirmed family member SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was present in all. Twenty‐seven percent were asymptomatic. Anal and conjunctival swabs tests resulted negative in all. Patients with lower body mass index (BMI) presented significantly higher viral loads. Main laboratory abnormalities were: lactate dehydrogenase increasing (73%), low vitamin D levels (87%), hematuria (33%), proteinuria (26%), renal hyperfiltration (33%), and hypofiltration (13%). Two of the patients with hyperfiltration exhibited high blood pressure levels at diagnosis, and persistence of prehypertension at 6‐month follow‐up. No abnormalities were seen at ultrasound, excepting for one patient who exhibited B‐lines at lung sonography. Immunoglobulin G seroconversion was observed in all at 1‐month. Conclusions Our study confirm that intra‐family transmission is important. The significant higher viral loads recorded among patients with lower BMI, together with low vitamin D levels, support the impact of nutritional status on immune system. Renal involvement is frequent even among children with mild COVID‐19, therefore prompt evaluation and identification of patients with reduced renal function reserve would allow a better stratification and management of patients. Seroconversion occurs also in asymptomatic children, with no differences in antibodies titer according to age, sex and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isoldi
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Maternal and Child Health Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Mallardo
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Marcellino
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Silvia Bloise
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Anna Dilillo
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Donatella Iorfida
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Testa
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Del Giudice
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vanessa Martucci
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Sanseviero
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Barberi
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Raponi
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Flavia Ventriglia
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lubrano
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza-University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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28
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Alabbas A, Kirpalani A, Morgan C, Mammen C, Licht C, Phan V, Wade A, Harvey E, Zappitelli M, Clark EG, Hiremath S, Soroka SD, Wald R, Weir MA, Chanchlani R, Lemaire M. Canadian Association of Paediatric Nephrologists COVID-19 Rapid Response: Guidelines for Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Children. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2021; 8:2054358121990135. [PMID: 33614056 PMCID: PMC7868478 DOI: 10.1177/2054358121990135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This article provides guidance on managing acute kidney injury (AKI) and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in pediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian context. It is adapted from recently published rapid guidelines on the management of AKI and KRT in adults, from the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN). The goal is to provide the best possible care for pediatric patients with kidney disease during the pandemic and ensure the health care team's safety. INFORMATION SOURCES The Canadian Association of Paediatric Nephrologists (CAPN) COVID-19 Rapid Response team derived these rapid guidelines from the CSN consensus recommendations for adult patients with AKI. We have also consulted specific documents from other national and international agencies focused on pediatric kidney health. We identified additional information by reviewing the published academic literature relevant to pediatric AKI and KRT, including recent journal articles and preprints related to COVID-19 in children. Finally, our group also sought expert opinions from pediatric nephrologists across Canada. METHODS The leadership of the CAPN, which is affiliated with the CSN, solicited a team of clinicians and researchers with expertise in pediatric AKI and acute KRT. The goal was to adapt the guidelines recently adopted for Canadian adult patients for pediatric-specific settings. These included specific COVID-19-related themes relevant to AKI and KRT in a Canadian setting, as determined by a group of kidney disease experts and leaders. An expert group of clinicians in pediatric AKI and acute KRT reviewed the revised pediatric guidelines. KEY FINDINGS (1) Current Canadian data do not suggest an imminent threat of an increase in acute KRT needs in children because of COVID-19; however, close coordination between nephrology programs and critical care programs is crucial as the pandemic continues to evolve. (2) Pediatric centers should prepare to reallocate resources to adult centers as needed based on broader health care needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Specific suggestions pertinent to the optimal management of AKI and KRT in COVID-19 patients are provided. These suggestions include but are not limited to aspects of fluid management, KRT vascular access, and KRT modality choice. (4) Considerations to ensure adequate provision of KRT if resources become scarce during the COVID-19 pandemic. LIMITATIONS We did not conduct a formal systematic review or meta-analysis. We did not evaluate our specific suggestions in the clinical environment. The local context, including how the provision of care for AKI and acute KRT is organized, may impede the implementation of many suggestions. As knowledge is advancing rapidly in the area of COVID-19, suggestions may become outdated quickly. Finally, most of the literature for AKI and KRT in COVID-19 comes from adult data, and there are few pediatric-specific studies. IMPLICATIONS Given that most acute KRT related to COVID-19 is likely to be required in the pediatric intensive care unit initial setting, close collaboration and planning between critical care and pediatric nephrology programs are needed. Our group will update these suggestions with a supplement if necessary as newer evidence becomes available that may change or add to the recommendations provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alabbas
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amrit Kirpalani
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cherry Mammen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christoph Licht
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique Phan
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Wade
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Harvey
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Zappitelli
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward G. Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Swapnil Hiremath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven D. Soroka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ron Wald
- Division of Nephrology, St. Michael’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Weir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lemaire
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Leghrouz B, Kaddourah A. Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on Critically Ill Children and Neonates. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:635631. [PMID: 33981652 PMCID: PMC8107239 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.635631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that manifests as an abrupt impairment of kidney function. AKI is common in critically ill pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care units. AKI is a deleterious complication in critically ill children as it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of AKI in critically ill children in general and specific cohorts such as post-cardiac surgeries, sepsis, critically ill neonates, and post stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassil Leghrouz
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Kaddourah
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornel Medical College, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
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30
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Piani F, Reinicke T, Borghi C, Tommerdahl KL, Cara-Fuentes G, Johnson RJ, Bjornstad P. Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:668033. [PMID: 34211943 PMCID: PMC8239177 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.668033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of type 1 and 2 diabetes and often presents during adolescence and young adulthood. Given the growing incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, DKD represents a significant public health problem. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in youth with diabetes is strongly associated with risk of DKD development. This review will summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of AKI in children with diabetes, the relationship between AKI and DKD, and the potential therapeutic interventions. Finally, we will appraise the impact of the recent COVID-19 infection pandemic on AKI in children with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piani
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Trenton Reinicke
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kalie L Tommerdahl
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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31
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Raina R, Chakraborty R, Mawby I, Agarwal N, Sethi S, Forbes M. Critical analysis of acute kidney injury in pediatric COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2627-2638. [PMID: 33928439 PMCID: PMC8083920 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES COVID-19 is responsible for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic. Despite the vast research about the adult population, there has been little data collected on acute kidney injury (AKI) epidemiology, associated risk factors, treatments, and mortality in pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. AKI is a severe complication of COVID-19 among children and adolescents. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Center Trials to find all published literature related to AKI in COVID-19 patients, including incidence and outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-four studies reporting the outcomes of interest were included. Across all studies, the overall sample size of COVID positive children was 1,247 and the median age of this population was 9.1 years old. Among COVID positive pediatric patients, there was an AKI incidence of 30.51%, with only 0.56% of these patients receiving KRT. The mortality was 2.55% among all COVID positive pediatric patients. The incidence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) among COVID positive patients was 74.29%. CONCLUSION AKI has shown to be a negative prognostic factor in adult patients with COVID-19 and now also in the pediatric cohort with high incidence and mortality rates. Additionally, our findings show a strong comparison in epidemiology between adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients; however, they need to be confirmed with additional data and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Raina
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA. .,Department of Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA. .,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ronith Chakraborty
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA ,Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH USA
| | - Isabelle Mawby
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA
| | - Nirav Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH USA
| | - Sidharth Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana India
| | - Michael Forbes
- Director of Clinical Research and Outcomes Analysis, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH USA
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32
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Campos YM, Drumond ALV, de Matos Gamonal M, Parreira MP, Simões E Silva AC. Renal Involvement in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19: An Up-to-date Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:253-263. [PMID: 34561986 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317666210924121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric patients, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been mostly associated with mild symptoms. However, as in adults, renal involvement has been reported in children and adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE This review aimed to report data about renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 patients. The focuses were on the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated (PIMS-TS) with SARS-CoV-2 and the possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon kidney function, as well as data concerning patients with previous kidney diseases, including Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Renal Disease. The implications for COVID-19 outcomes in pediatric patients were also discussed. METHODS This integrative review searched for articles on renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 patients. The databases evaluated were PubMed and Scopus. RESULTS The emergence of PIMS-TS with SARS-CoV-2 has shown that pediatric patients are at risk of severe COVID-19, with multi-organ involvement and dysfunction. In addition to intense inflammation, several systems are affected in this syndrome, collectively creating a combination of factors that results in acute kidney injury. Several studies have proposed that kidney cells, including the podocytes, might be at risk of direct infection by SARS-CoV-2, as high levels of ACE2, the virus receptor, are expressed on the membrane of such cells. Some cases of glomerular diseases triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and relapses of previous renal diseases have been reported. CONCLUSION Further studies are necessary to establish risk factors for renal involvement in pediatric COVID-19 and to predict disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Márcio Campos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - André Luís Vieira Drumond
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Mariane de Matos Gamonal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Milena Pereira Parreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
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