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Wu J, Li P, Zhu D, Ma H, Li M, Lai Y, Peng Y, Li H, Li S, Wei J, Bian X, Rahman A, Wu S. SlCRCa is a key D-class gene controlling ovule fate determination in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1966-1980. [PMID: 38561972 PMCID: PMC11182579 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate determination and primordium initiation on the placental surface are two key events for ovule formation in seed plants, which directly affect ovule density and seed yield. Despite ovules form in the marginal meristematic tissues of the carpels, angiosperm carpels evolved after the ovules. It is not clear how the development of the ovules and carpels is coordinated in angiosperms. In this study, we identify the S. lycopersicum CRABS CLAW (CRC) homologue SlCRCa as an essential determinant of ovule fate. We find that SlCRCa is not only expressed in the placental surface and ovule primordia but also functions as a D-class gene to block carpel fate and promote ovule fate in the placental surface. Loss of function of SlCRCa causes homeotic transformation of the ovules to carpels. In addition, we find low levels of the S. lycopersicum AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) homologue (SlANT2) favour the ovule initiation, whereas high levels of SlANT2 promote placental carpelization. SlCRCa forms heterodimer with tomato INNER NO OUTER (INO) and AGAMOUS (AG) orthologues, SlINO and TOMATO AGAMOUS1 (TAG1), to repress SlANT2 expression during the ovule initiation. Our study confirms that angiosperm basal ovule cells indeed retain certain carpel properties and provides mechanistic insights into the ovule initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Pengxue Li
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Danyang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Haochuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Meng Li
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yixuan Lai
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuxin Peng
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Haixiao Li
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jinbo Wei
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Department of Plant Bio‐Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureIwate UniversityMoriokaJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesIwate UniversityMoriokaJapan
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Ambrose BA. Deciphering the evolution of the ovule genetic network through expression analyses in Gnetum gnemon. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:217-230. [PMID: 33959756 PMCID: PMC8324035 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ovule is a synapomorphy of all seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); however, there are some striking differences in ovules among the major seed plant lineages, such as the number of integuments or the orientation of the ovule. The genetics involved in ovule development have been well studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has two integuments and anatropous orientation. This study is approached from what is known in arabidopsis, focusing on the expression patterns of homologues of four genes known to be key for the proper development of the integuments in arabidopsis: AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1, (BEL1), KANADIs (KANs) and UNICORN (UCN). METHODS We used histology to describe the morphoanatomical development from ovules to seeds in Gnetum gnemon. We carried out spatiotemporal expression analyses in G. gnemon, a gymnosperm, which has a unique ovule morphology with an integument covering the nucellus, two additional envelopes where the outermost becomes fleshy as the seed matures, and an orthotropous orientation. KEY RESULTS Our anatomical and developmental descriptions provide a framework for expression analyses in the ovule of G. gnemon. Our expression results show that although ANT, KAN and UCN homologues are expressed in the inner integument, their spatiotemporal patterns differ from those found in angiosperms. Furthermore, all homologues studied here are expressed in the nucellus, revealing major differences in seed plants. Finally, no expression of the studied homologues was detected in the outer envelopes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these analyses provide significant comparative data that allows us to better understand the functional evolution of these gene lineages, providing a compelling framework for evolutionary and developmental studies of seeds. Our findings suggest that these genes were most likely recruited from the sporangium development network and became restricted to the integuments of angiosperm ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Ambrose
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Pu ZQ, Ma YY, Lu MX, Ma YQ, Xu ZQ. Cloning of a SEPALLATA4-like gene (IiSEP4) in Isatis indigotica Fortune and characterization of its function in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:229-237. [PMID: 32563851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
E-class MADS-box genes, SEPALLATA (SEP), participate in various aspects of plant development together with B-, C- and D-class MADS-box genes. IiSEP4, a homologous gene of SEP4, was cloned from Isatis indigotica. IiSEP4 was highly expressed in sepals, and its mRNA was mildly detected in leaves, inflorescences, flowers, stamens and young silicles. Constitutive expression of IiSEP4 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused early flowering, accompanied by the reduction of flowers and floral organs. Moreover, the sepals in some flowers were transformed into carpelloid structures with stigmatic papillae, and obviously accompanied by ovule formation. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that IiSEP4 interacts with other woad MADS proteins to determine the identity of floral organs. These findings reveal the important roles of IiSEP4 in floral development of I. indigotica. The results of this study can lay a foundation for further study on biological functions of MADS transcriptional factors in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Qian Pu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye-Ye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Meng-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Rodríguez-Cazorla E, Ripoll JJ, Ortuño-Miquel S, Martínez-Laborda A, Vera A. Dissection of the Arabidopsis HUA-PEP gene activity reveals that ovule fate specification requires restriction of the floral A-function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1222-1234. [PMID: 32259283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovules are essential for sexual plant reproduction and seed formation, and are fundamental for agriculture. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing ovule development is far from complete. In Arabidopsis, ovule identity is determined by homeotic MADS-domain proteins that define the floral C- (AG) and D- (SHP1/SHP2, STK) functions. Pre-mRNA processing of these genes is critical and mediated by HUA-PEP activity, composed of genes encoding RNA-binding proteins. In strong hua-pep mutants, functional transcripts for C- and D-function genes are reduced, resulting in homeotic transformation of ovules. Thus, hua-pep mutants provide an unique sensitized background to study ovule morphogenesis when C- and D-functions are simultaneously compromised. We found that hua-pep ovules are morphologically sepaloid and show ectopic expression of the homeotic class-A gene AP1. Inactivation of AP1 or AP2 (A-function genes) in hua-pep mutants reduced homeotic conversions, rescuing ovule identity while promoting carpelloid traits in transformed ovules. Interestingly, increased AG dosage led to similar results. Our findings strongly suggest that HUA-PEP activity is required for correct C and D floral functions, which in turn prevents ectopic expression of class-A genes in ovules for their proper morphogenesis, evoking the classic A-C antagonism of the ABC model for floral organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan-José Ripoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- TATA Institute for Genetics and Society (TIGS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samanta Ortuño-Miquel
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Vera
- Area de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan, Alicante, 03550, Spain
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Lin A, Ma J, Xu F, Xu W, Jiang H, Zhang H, Qu C, Wei L, Li J. Differences in Alternative Splicing between Yellow and Black-Seeded Rapeseed. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E977. [PMID: 32752101 PMCID: PMC7465011 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yellow seed coat color is a desirable characteristic in rapeseed (Brassica napus), as it is associated with higher oil content and higher quality of meal. Alternative splicing (AS) is a vital post-transcriptional regulatory process contributing to plant cell differentiation and organ development. To identify novel transcripts and differences at the isoform level that are associated with seed color in B. napus, we compared 31 RNA-seq libraries of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus at five different developmental stages. AS events in the different samples were highly similar, and intron retention accounted for a large proportion of the observed AS pattern. AS mainly occurred in the early and middle stage of seed development. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 23 co-expression modules composed of differentially spliced genes, and we picked out two of the modules whose functions were highly associated with seed color. In the two modules, we found candidate DAS (differentially alternative splicing) genes related to the flavonoid pathway, such as TT8 (BnaC09g24870D), TT5 (BnaA09g34840D and BnaC08g26020D), TT12 (BnaC06g17050D and BnaA07g18120D), AHA10 (BnaA08g23220D and BnaC08g17280D), CHI (BnaC09g50050D), BAN (BnaA03g60670D) and DFR (BnaC09g17150D). Gene BnaC03g23650D, encoding RNA-binding family protein, was also identified. The splicing of the candidate genes identified in this study might be used to develop stable, yellow-seeded B. napus. This study provides insight into the formation of seed coat color in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lin
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huanhuan Jiang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (A.L.); (J.M.); (F.X.); (W.X.); (H.J); (H.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Petrella R, Caselli F, Roig-Villanova I, Vignati V, Chiara M, Ezquer I, Tadini L, Kater MM, Gregis V. BPC transcription factors and a Polycomb Group protein confine the expression of the ovule identity gene SEEDSTICK in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:582-599. [PMID: 31909505 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPC) GAGA (C-box) binding proteins belong to a small plant transcription factor family. We previously reported that class I BPCs bind directly to C-boxes in the SEEDSTICK (STK) promoter and the mutagenesis of these cis-elements affects STK expression in the flower. The MADS-domain factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is another key regulator of STK. Direct binding of SVP to CArG-boxes in the STK promoter are required to repress its expression during the first stages of flower development. Here we show that class II BPCs directly interact with SVP and that MADS-domain binding sites in the STK promoter region are important for the correct spatial and temporal expression of this homeotic gene. Furthermore, we show that class I and class II BPCs act redundantly to repress STK expression in the flower, most likely by recruiting TERMINAL FLOWER 2/LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (TFL2/LHP1) and mediating the establishment and the maintenance of H3K27me3 repressive marks on DNA. We investigate the role of LHP1 in the regulation of STK expression. In addition to providing a better understanding of the role of BPC transcription factors in the regulation of STK expression, our results suggest the existence of a more general regulatory complex composed of BPCs, MADS-domain factors and Polycomb Repressive Complexes that co-operate to regulate gene expression in reproductive tissues. We believe that our data along with the molecular model described here could provide significant insights for a more comprehensive understanding of gene regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Petrella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caselli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Irma Roig-Villanova
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Barcelona School of Agricultural Engineering, UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, 08860, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Valentina Vignati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin M Kater
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Xin GL, Liu JQ, Liu J, Ren XL, Du XM, Liu WZ. Anatomy and RNA-Seq reveal important gene pathways regulating sex differentiation in a functionally Androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:554. [PMID: 31842763 PMCID: PMC6915933 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gametogenesis is a key step in the production of ovules or pollen in higher plants. The sex-determination aspects of gametogenesis have been well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, little is known about this process in androdioecious plants. Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. is a functionally androdioecious tree, with both male and hermaphroditic individuals. Hermaphroditic flowers (HFs) are female-fertile flowers that can produce functional pollen and set fruits. However, compared with male flowers (MFs), the pollen viability and number of pollen grains per flower are markedly reduced in HFs. MFs are female-sterile flowers that fail to set fruit and that eventually drop. RESULTS Compared with HF, a notable cause of MF female sterility in T. sinensis is when the early gynoecium meristem is disrupted. During the early stage of HF development (stage 6), the ring meristem begins to form as a ridge around the center of the flower. At this stage, the internal fourth-whorl organ is stem-like rather than carpelloid in MF. A total of 52,945 unigenes were identified as transcribed in MF and HF. A number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolic pathways were detected as involved in the development of the gynoecium, especially the ovule, carpel and style. At the early gynoecium development stage, DEGs were shown to function in the metabolic pathways regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction (upstream regulator), auxin, cytokinin transport and signalling, and sex determination (or flower meristem identity). CONCLUSIONS Pathways for the female sterility model were initially proposed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of gynoecium development at early stages in T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Liang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Long Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Min Du
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Wen-Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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Ectopic Expression of Litsea cubeba LcMADS20 Modifies Silique Architecture. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:4139-4147. [PMID: 31615834 PMCID: PMC6893193 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (mountain pepper, Lauraceae) is an important woody essential oil crop that produces fragrant oils in its fruits, especially in its peels. Identification of genes involved in the regulation of fruits and peel architecture is of economic significance for L. cubeba industry. It has been well known that the MADS-box genes are essential transcription factors that control flowers and fruits development. Here, we obtained 33 MADS-box genes first from the RNA-seq data in L. cubeba, and 27 of these genes were of the MIKC-type. LcMADS20, an AGAMOUS-like gene, was highly expressed in the developing stages of fruits, particularly at 85 days after full bloom. The ectopic expression of LcMADS20 in Arabidopsis resulted in not only curved leaves, early flowering and early full-opened inflorescences, but also shorter siliques and decreased percentage of peel thickness. Moreover, in the LcMADS20 transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression modes of several intrinsic ABC model class genes were influenced, among which the expression of FUL was significantly reduced and AP3, AG, and STK were significantly increased. This study systematically analyzed the MADS-box genes in L. cubeba at the transcriptional level and showed that LcMADS20 plays important roles in the regulation of fruit architecture.
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Herrera-Ubaldo H, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Ezquer I, Di Marzo M, Chávez Montes RA, Gómez-Felipe A, Pablo-Villa J, Diaz-Ramirez D, Ballester P, Ferrándiz C, Sagasser M, Colombo L, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. New roles of NO TRANSMITTING TRACT and SEEDSTICK during medial domain development in Arabidopsis fruits. Development 2019; 146:dev.172395. [PMID: 30538100 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium, the female reproductive part of the flower, is key for plant sexual reproduction. During its development, inner tissues such as the septum and the transmitting tract tissue, important for pollen germination and guidance, are formed. In Arabidopsis, several transcription factors are known to be involved in the development of these tissues. One of them is NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT), essential for transmitting tract formation. We found that the NTT protein can interact with several gynoecium-related transcription factors, including several MADS-box proteins, such as SEEDSTICK (STK), known to specify ovule identity. Evidence suggests that NTT and STK control enzyme and transporter-encoding genes involved in cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution in gynoecial medial domain cells. The results indicate that the simultaneous loss of NTT and STK activity affects polysaccharide and lipid deposition and septum fusion, and delays entry of septum cells to their normal degradation program. Furthermore, we identified KAWAK, a direct target of NTT and STK, which is required for the correct formation of fruits in Arabidopsis These findings position NTT and STK as important factors in determining reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ricardo Aarón Chávez Montes
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Andrea Gómez-Felipe
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Jeanneth Pablo-Villa
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - David Diaz-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Martin Sagasser
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, México
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10
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Midhat U, Ting MKY, Teresinski HJ, Snedden WA. The calmodulin-like protein, CML39, is involved in regulating seed development, germination, and fruit development in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:375-392. [PMID: 29372457 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the calcium sensor, CML39, is important in various developmental processes from seeds to mature plants. This study bridges previous work on CML39 as a stress-induced gene and highlights the importance of calcium signalling in plant development. In addition to the evolutionarily-conserved Ca2+ sensor, calmodulin (CaM), plants possess a large family of CaM-related proteins (CMLs). Using a cml39 loss-of-function mutant, we investigated the roles of CML39 in Arabidopsis and discovered a range of phenotypes across developmental stages and in different tissues. In mature plants, loss of CML39 results in shorter siliques, reduced seed number per silique, and reduced number of ovules per pistil. We also observed changes in seed development, germination, and seed coat properties in cml39 mutants in comparison to wild-type plants. Using radicle emergence as a measure of germination, cml39 mutants showed more rapid germination than wild-type plants. In marked contrast to wild-type seeds, the germination of developing, immature cml39 seeds was not sensitive to cold-stratification. In addition, germination of cml39 seeds was less sensitive than wild-type to inhibition by ABA or by treatments that impaired gibberellic acid biosynthesis. Tetrazolium red staining indicated that the seed-coat permeability of cml39 seeds is greater than that of wild-type seeds. RNA sequencing analysis of cml39 seedlings suggests that changes in chromatin modification may underlie some of the phenotypes associated with cml39 mutants, consistent with previous reports that orthologs of CML39 participate in gene silencing. Aberrant ectopic expression of transcripts for seed storage proteins in 7-day old cml39 seedlings was observed, suggesting mis-regulation of early developmental programs. Collectively, our data support a model where CML39 serves as an important Ca2+ sensor during ovule and seed development, as well as during germination and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Midhat
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Michael K Y Ting
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | | | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
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11
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Rodríguez-Cazorla E, Ortuño-Miquel S, Candela H, Bailey-Steinitz LJ, Yanofsky MF, Martínez-Laborda A, Ripoll JJ, Vera A. Ovule identity mediated by pre-mRNA processing in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007182. [PMID: 29329291 PMCID: PMC5785034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovules are fundamental for plant reproduction and crop yield as they are the precursors of seeds. Therefore, ovule specification is a critical developmental program. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ovule identity is redundantly conferred by the homeotic D-class genes SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and SEEDSTICK (STK), phylogenetically related to the MADS-domain regulatory gene AGAMOUS (AG), essential in floral organ specification. Previous studies have shown that the HUA-PEP activity, comprised of a suite of RNA-binding protein (RBP) encoding genes, regulates AG pre-mRNA processing and thus flower patterning and organ identity. Here, we report that the HUA-PEP activity additionally governs ovule morphogenesis. Accordingly, in severe hua-pep backgrounds ovules transform into flower organ-like structures. These homeotic transformations are most likely due to the dramatic reduction in SHP1, SHP2 and STK activity. Our molecular and genome-wide profiling strategies revealed the accumulation of prematurely terminated transcripts of D-class genes in hua-pep mutants and reduced amounts of their respective functional messengers, which points to pre-mRNA processing misregulation as the origin of the ovule developmental defects in such backgrounds. RNA processing and transcription are coordinated by the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). Our results show that HUA-PEP activity members can interact with the CTD regulator C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE1 (CPL1), supporting a co-transcriptional mode of action for the HUA-PEP activity. Our findings expand the portfolio of reproductive developmental programs in which HUA-PEP activity participates, and further substantiates the importance of RNA regulatory mechanisms (pre-mRNA co-transcriptional regulation) for correct gene expression during plant morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samanta Ortuño-Miquel
- Área de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan d’Alacant, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lindsay J. Bailey-Steinitz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Martin F. Yanofsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio Martínez-Laborda
- Área de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan d’Alacant, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan-José Ripoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (JJR)
| | - Antonio Vera
- Área de Genética, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Sant Joan d’Alacant, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail: (AV); (JJR)
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12
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Zu K, Li J, Dong S, Zhao Y, Xu S, Zhang Z, Zhao L. Morphogenesis and global analysis of transcriptional profiles of Celastrus orbiculatus aril: unravelling potential genes related to aril development. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Yan D, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ye S, Zeng L, Liu J, Li Q, He Z. Curved chimeric palea 1 encoding an EMF1-like protein maintains epigenetic repression of OsMADS58 in rice palea development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:12-24. [PMID: 25647350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Floral organ specification is controlled by various MADS-box genes in both dicots and monocots, whose expression is often subjected to both genetic and epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little information is known about the role of epigenetic modification of MADS-box genes during rice flower development. Here, we report the characterization of a rice gene, curved chimeric palea 1 (CCP1) that functions in palea development. Mutation in CCP1 resulted in abnormal palea with ectopic stigmatic tissues and other pleiotropic phenotypes. We found that OsMADS58, a C-class gene responsible for carpel morphogenesis, was ectopically expressed in the ccp1 palea, indicating that the ccp1 palea was misspecified and partially acquired carpel-like identity. Constitutive expression of OsMADS58 in the wild-type rice plants caused morphological abnormality of palea similar to that of ccp1, whereas OsMADS58 knockdown by RNAi in ccp1 could rescue the abnormal phenotype of mutant palea, suggesting that the repression of OsMADS58 expression by CCP1 is critical for palea development. Map-based cloning revealed that CCP1 encodes a putative plant-specific emBRYONIC flower1 (EMF1)-like protein. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the level of the H3K27me3 at the OsMADS58 locus was greatly reduced in ccp1 compared with that in the wild-type. Taken together, our results show that CCP1 plays an important role in palea development through maintaining H3K27me3-mediated epigenetic silence of the carpel identity-specifying gene OsMADS58, shedding light on the epigenetic mechanism in floral organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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14
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Galbiati F, Sinha Roy D, Simonini S, Cucinotta M, Ceccato L, Cuesta C, Simaskova M, Benkova E, Kamiuchi Y, Aida M, Weijers D, Simon R, Masiero S, Colombo L. An integrative model of the control of ovule primordia formation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:446-55. [PMID: 23941199 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Upon hormonal signaling, ovules develop as lateral organs from the placenta. Ovule numbers ultimately determine the number of seeds that develop, and thereby contribute to the final seed yield in crop plants. We demonstrate here that CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1), CUC2 and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) have additive effects on ovule primordia formation. We show that expression of the CUC1 and CUC2 genes is required to redundantly regulate expression of PINFORMED1 (PIN1), which in turn is required for ovule primordia formation. Furthermore, our results suggest that the auxin response factor MONOPTEROS (MP/ARF5) may directly bind ANT, CUC1 and CUC2 and promote their transcription. Based on our findings, we propose an integrative model to describe the molecular mechanisms of the early stages of ovule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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15
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Mizzotti C, Mendes MA, Caporali E, Schnittger A, Kater MM, Battaglia R, Colombo L. The MADS box genes SEEDSTICK and ARABIDOPSIS Bsister play a maternal role in fertilization and seed development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:409-20. [PMID: 22176531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The haploid generation of flowering plants develops within the sporophytic tissues of the ovule. After fertilization, the maternal seed coat develops in a coordinated manner with formation of the embryo and endosperm. In the arabidopsis bsister (abs) mutant, the endothelium, which is the most inner cell layer of the integuments that surround the haploid embryo sac, does not accumulate proanthocyanidins and the cells have an abnormal morphology. However, fertility is not affected in abs single mutants. SEEDSTICK regulates ovule identity redundantly with SHATTERPROOF 1 (SHP1) and SHP2 while a role in the control of fertility was not reported previously. Here we describe the characterization of the abs stk double mutant. This double mutant develops very few seeds due to both a reduced number of fertilized ovules and seed abortions later during development. Morphological analysis revealed a total absence of endothelium in this double mutant. Additionally, massive starch accumulation was observed in the embryo sac. The phenotype of the abs stk double mutant highlights the importance of the maternal-derived tissues, particularly the endothelium, for the development of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mizzotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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16
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Endress PK. Angiosperm ovules: diversity, development, evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:1465-89. [PMID: 21606056 PMCID: PMC3108811 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovules as developmental precursors of seeds are organs of central importance in angiosperm flowers and can be traced back in evolution to the earliest seed plants. Angiosperm ovules are diverse in their position in the ovary, nucellus thickness, number and thickness of integuments, degree and direction of curvature, and histological differentiations. There is a large body of literature on this diversity, and various views on its evolution have been proposed over the course of time. Most recently evo-devo studies have been concentrated on molecular developmental genetics in ovules of model plants. SCOPE The present review provides a synthetic treatment of several aspects of the sporophytic part of ovule diversity, development and evolution, based on extensive research on the vast original literature and on experience from my own comparative studies in a broad range of angiosperm clades. CONCLUSIONS In angiosperms the presence of an outer integument appears to be instrumental for ovule curvature, as indicated from studies on ovule diversity through the major clades of angiosperms, molecular developmental genetics in model species, abnormal ovules in a broad range of angiosperms, and comparison with gymnosperms with curved ovules. Lobation of integuments is not an atavism indicating evolution from telomes, but simply a morphogenetic constraint from the necessity of closure of the micropyle. Ovule shape is partly dependent on locule architecture, which is especially indicated by the occurrence of orthotropous ovules. Some ovule features are even more conservative than earlier assumed and thus of special interest in angiosperm macrosystematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Endress
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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