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Kaneko H, Ozono Y, Iwakiri H, Hatada H, Uchiyama N, Komaki Y, Nakamura K, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Kawakami H. Reactivation of hepatitis C virus caused by steroid monotherapy for sudden deafness. Clin J Gastroenterol 2024; 17:505-510. [PMID: 38587568 PMCID: PMC11127820 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-024-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactivation has been reported to be caused due to several anticancer drugs and immunosuppressive agents; however, HCV reactivation after steroid monotherapy has rarely been reported. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old Japanese man with HCV infection who developed HCV reactivation after the administration of prednisolone (PSL) for 6 days for sudden deafness. In the patient history, the positivity for anti-HCV antibody was observed, but serum level of HCV RNA was not measured. Two months after PSL administration, the patient experienced an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare and the serum level of HCV RNA was observed to be 6.2 log IU/mL; then, the patient was admitted to our hospital for hepatitis treatment. Based on the clinical course and laboratory findings, the patient was diagnosed with HCV reactivation. Although the ALT levels decreased spontaneously during follow-up, they did not drop to normal range; subsequently, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir treatments were started. A sustained virological response 24 weeks after the end of treatment was achieved. This case study suggests that HCV reactivation with hepatitis flare can occur even after a steroid monotherapy, and doctors should pay attention to HCV reactivation when administering PSL for patients with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ozono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Iwakiri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hatada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Naomi Uchiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuri Komaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Satoru Hasuike
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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Suzuki T, Matsuura K, Nagura Y, Ito K, Ogawa S, Kawamura H, Fujiwara K, Nagaoka K, Iio E, Watanabe T, Kataoka H, Tanaka Y. MicroRNA-223-3p levels in serum-derived extracellular vesicles predict regression of M2BPGi-based liver fibrosis after hepatitis C virus eradication by direct-acting antiviral agents. J Gastroenterol 2024:10.1007/s00535-024-02115-w. [PMID: 38739200 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-024-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We retrospectively investigated microRNA (miRNA) levels in serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as predictive indicators for regression of liver fibrosis, after achievement of a sustained virological response (SVR) by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS The study subjects were recruited from a historical cohort of 108 CHC patients whose pretreatment serum Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels were ≥ 2.0 cut-off index (COI). We classified patients with M2BPGi levels < 1.76 and ≥ 1.76 COI at 2 years after the end of treatment (EOT) into the regression and non-regression groups, respectively. Eleven of the patients were assigned to the discovery set, and we comprehensively investigated the miRNAs contained in serum-derived EVs at 24 weeks after the EOT (EOT24W), using RNA sequencing. The remaining 97 patients were assigned to the validation set, and reproducibility was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Through analysis of the discovery and validation sets, we identified miR-223-3p and miR-1290 as candidate predictors. Subsequently, we analyzed various clinical data, including these candidate miRNAs. Multivariate analyses revealed that the levels of miR-223-3p at EOT24W were significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi-based liver fibrosis (Odds ratio: 1.380; P = 0.024). Consistent results were obtained, even when the serum M2BPGi levels were aligned by propensity score matching and in patients with advanced M2BPGi-based liver fibrosis (pretreatment M2BPGi levels ≥ 3.3 COI). CONCLUSIONS The miR-223-3p level in serum-derived EVs at EOT24W is a feasible predictor of regression of M2BPGi-based liver fibrosis after achievement of an SVR by DAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Nagura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Iio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Suzuki T, Matsuura K, Nagura Y, Kawamura H, Fujiwara K, Ogawa S, Nagaoka K, Iio E, Watanabe T, Kataoka H, Tanaka Y. Serum Angiopoietin-2 Levels Predict the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Hepatitis C Virus Eradication Using Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents. Oncology 2024; 102:611-620. [PMID: 38211572 DOI: 10.1159/000536154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous studies showed that serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) levels predicted improvement in liver fibrosis following sustained virological response (SVR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) obtained with administration of with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). These levels were evaluated retrospectively as predictive indicators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development following SVR. METHODS We enrolled individuals from a historical cohort of 89 chronic HCV patients without history of HCC at baseline and with SVR following DAA therapy and had baseline serum levels of Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer ≥2.0 cut-off index (C.O.I.). RESULTS Multivariate analyses revealed that only the Ang-2 level at 24 weeks following the end of treatment (EOT24W) was significantly related to HCC development (hazard ratio 2.27; p = 0.003). This result was reproduced in individuals without history of HCC and with advanced liver fibrosis (M2BPGi level ≥3.3 C.O.I. at baseline). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analyses for the future risk of developing HCC within 5 years of follow-up (5y-HCC) showed the best cut-off Ang-2 level at the EOT24W was 2,780 pg/mL, and significantly stratified the cumulative incidence of HCC (≥2,780 vs. < 2,780 pg/mL, 5y-HCC: 45.5 vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS At the EOT24W, serum Ang-2 level predicts the likelihood of developing HCC following SVR to DAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nagura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Iio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kawagishi N, Suda G, Yamamoto Y, Baba M, Furuya K, Maehara O, Ohnishi S, Yoshida S, Fu Q, Yang Z, Hosoda S, Tokuchi Y, Kitagataya T, Ohara M, Suzuki K, Nakai M, Sho T, Natsuizaka M, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. Serum Angiopoietin-2 Predicts the Occurrence and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C. Viruses 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 36680221 PMCID: PMC9862289 DOI: 10.3390/v15010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive liver fibrosis after anti-HCV treatment is a risk factor for HCC. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is associated with non-regression of liver fibrosis after direct-acting antiviral (DAA). This study evaluated the predictive value of serum Ang2 levels for HCC occurrence or recurrence after DAA administration. In this retrospective study, 310 HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs in 2014-2020 were screened and evaluated for HCC occurrence or recurrence every three-six months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 75 years (HR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.34-6.33; p = 0.007) and baseline Ang2 level ≥ 464 pg/mL (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.18-6.37; p = 0.019) were significantly associated with HCC occurrence after DAA therapy. A high or low risk of HCC after DAA therapy could be distinguished by the combination of age and baseline Ang2 level. The cumulative incidences of de-novo HCC at two and four years were 0.8% and 3.8% in the low-risk group and 22.6% and 27.1% in the high-risk group, respectively. Baseline Ang2 level ≥ 402 pg/mL was significantly associated with HCC recurrence in patients who achieved sustained virological response with DAAs (HR: 3.68). In conclusion, serum Ang2 levels can predict HCC occurrence and recurrence after successful HCV eradication by DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Ken Furuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Sonoe Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Qingjie Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
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Elbadry M, Moussa AM, Eltabbakh M, Al Balakosy A, Abdalgaber M, Abdeen N, El Sheemy RY, Afify S, El-Kassas M. The art of managing hepatitis C virus in special population groups: a paradigm shift. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe first direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications were approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2011. Later, the appearance of novel DAAs had revolutionized the landscape of HCV treatment whose early treatment options were limited to interferon (IFN) either alone or in combinations. This review discusses the paradigm shift in legibility for treating different groups of patients with HCV after the introduction of DAAs, along with the consequent changes in treatment guidelines. IFN-based therapy was the firstly used for treating chronic HCV. Unfortunately, it exhibited many pitfalls, such as low efficacy in some patients and unsuitability for usage in lots of patients with some specific conditions, which could be comorbidities such as autoimmune thyroiditis, or liver related as in decompensated cirrhosis. Furthermore, IFN failed to treat all the extrahepatic manifestations of HCV. Nowadays, the breakthroughs brought by DAAs have benefited the patients and enabled the treatment of those who could not be treated or did not usually respond well to IFN. DAAs achieve a high success rate of HCV eradication in addition to avoiding unfavorable harms and, sometimes, adverse effects related to the previously used PEGylated IFN regimens.
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Kawagishi N, Suda G, Sakamori R, Matsui T, Onozawa M, Yang Z, Yoshida S, Ohara M, Kimura M, Kubo A, Maehara O, Fu Q, Hosoda S, Tokuchi Y, Suzuki K, Nakai M, Sho T, Morikawa K, Natsuizaka M, Ogawa K, Sakai H, Ohnishi S, Baba M, Takehara T, Sakamoto N. Serum IL-1β predicts de novo hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C, not during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16800. [PMID: 36207368 PMCID: PMC9546937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with resolved HBV infection. We evaluated the predictive factors, mechanical insight, and differences of cytokine levels during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive and DAA. Eleven, 35, and 19 HCV-infected patients with previous HBV infection with HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, previous HBV infection without HBV reactivation during DAA treatment, and without HBV infection resolution receiving DAA treatment, respectively, were enrolled. Clinical data and baseline cytokine levels were analyzed. Low baseline serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels predicted de novo HBV reactivation during DAA treatment (odds ratio: 47.6, 95% confidence interval: 6.94-333.3). HCV-infected patients with the IL-1β gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs16944 AA allele had significantly higher IL-1β levels; no HCV-infected patient with the IL-1β AA allele experienced HBV reactivation during DAA treatment. Compared to HCV-infected patients with HBV infection resolution, non-HCV infected patients with or without HBV reactivation during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy or bone marrow transplantation had remarkably lower baseline IL-1β levels. Low IL-1β levels were not associated with HBV reactivation. IL-1β levels before DAA for HCV-infected patients with resolved HBV infection could predict HBV reactivation during DAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sonoe Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinori Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Qingjie Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hosoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Sakai
- Department of Hematology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Possible correlation between increased serum free carnitine levels and increased skeletal muscle mass following HCV eradication by direct acting antivirals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16616. [PMID: 34400736 PMCID: PMC8368156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate factors associated with changes in skeletal muscle mass in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Consecutive HCV-infected patients after treatment with DAA were recruited into the study. Patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR); and had complete clinical information, preserved serum samples at baseline and SVR48, and skeletal muscle mass evaluations based on the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) on computed tomography at baseline and ≥ 12 months were included. Altogether, 70.7% of patients (41/58) showed increased PMI after DAA therapy, and mean relative PMI was significantly higher after DAA therapy than at baseline. There were no significant associations between baseline clinical factors routinely examined in clinical practice and increased PMI. Among factors reported to be associated with skeletal muscle loss in patients with chronic liver disease, serum zinc levels and total and free carnitine levels increased significantly after DAA therapy and only changes in serum free carnitine levels were significantly associated with an increased PMI (r = 0305, P = 0.020). In conclusion, increased skeletal muscle mass after successful HCV eradication by DAAs was significantly associated with increased serum-free carnitine levels. L-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in patients with low skeletal muscle mass after DAA.
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Nicastro E, Norsa L, Di Giorgio A, Indolfi G, D'Antiga L. Breakthroughs and challenges in the management of pediatric viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2474-2494. [PMID: 34092970 PMCID: PMC8160618 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i20.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) major causes of advanced liver disease and mortality worldwide. Although regarded as benign infections in children, their persistence through adulthood is undoubtedly of concern. Recent advances in HCV treatment have restored the visibility of these conditions and raised expectations for HBV treatment, which is currently far from being curative. Herein we describe direct-acting antivirals available for pediatric HCV (sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir) and their real-world use. A critical review of the HBV pediatric classification is provided. Anti-HBV investigational compounds are reviewed in light of the pathophysiology in the pediatric population, including capsid assembly modulators, antigen secretion inhibitors, silencing RNAs, and immune modifiers. Recommendations for screening and management of immunosuppressed children or those with other risk factors or comorbidities are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Nicastro
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Giorgio
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Department of Neurofarba, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence 50137, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
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Sato K, Inoue J, Kakazu E, Ninomiya M, Iwata T, Sano A, Tsuruoka M, Masamune A. Reactivation of hepatitis C virus with severe hepatitis flare during steroid administration for interstitial pneumonia. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1221-1226. [PMID: 33983567 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus reactivation (HCVr) was defined previously as an increase in HCV RNA level of ≥ 1 log10 IU/mL from baseline HCV RNA level after chemotherapies or immunosuppressive therapies, but HCVr during a steroid monotherapy has rarely been reported. Here we report a 75-year-old Japanese female with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 2a) who developed HCVr after the administration of prednisolone for interstitial pneumonia. She experienced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare with icterus, but after the tapering of prednisolone and a liver supporting therapy, levels of HCV RNA and ALT were gradually decreased. Then, she received an anti-viral therapy with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Although HCV relapsed 4 weeks after the therapy, a second therapy with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was successful. This case suggests that HCVr with hepatitis flare can occur even after a steroid monotherapy, and we should pay attention to HCVr when we administer prednisolone for patients with HCV chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Eiji Kakazu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masashi Ninomiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Sano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mio Tsuruoka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Tokuchi Y, Suda G, Kimura M, Maehara O, Kitagataya T, Ohara M, Yamada R, Shigesawa T, Suzuki K, Kawagishi N, Nakai M, Sho T, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. Changes in the estimated renal function after hepatitis C virus eradication with direct-acting antiviral agents: Impact of changes in skeletal muscle mass. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:755-763. [PMID: 33587828 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can cause renal dysfunction, expected to improve upon HCV eradication. However, adverse effects of HCV eradication using direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on renal function have been recently reported. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate renal function with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated using creatinine (eGFRcre) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). Complete clinical information and preserved serum samples were collected from 207 patients with HCV infection treated with interferon-free DAA at baseline and SVR48 (SVR48). Patients who underwent paired computed tomography (CT) at baseline and ≥12 months after DAA were evaluated for changes in skeletal muscle mass using the psoas muscle mass index (PMI). eGFRcre significantly worsened at SVR48, while eGFRcys was similar at baseline and SVR48. At baseline, eGFRcre was significantly higher than eGFRcys; eGFRcre and eGFRcys were similar at SVR48. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of liver cirrhosis and low-albumin level, as well as cirrhosis and age, was significantly associated with the overestimation of renal function by eGFRcre at baseline and SVR48, respectively. In the 57 patients who underwent paired CT at baseline and ≥12 months after DAA, relative values of PMI significantly increased after DAA. After DAA, in patients with increased PMI (65% 37/57), eGFRcre significantly worsened but did not change in patients without increased PMI. eGFRcre significantly worsened after DAAs; however, this might not reflect accurate changes in renal function, partially because of changes in skeletal muscle mass. eGFRcys did not change after DAAs, and it is a potential alternative to eGFRcre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Tokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Suda G, Sakamoto N. Recent advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection for special populations and remaining problems. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1152-1158. [PMID: 32667068 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the primary causes of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation (LT). The rate of HCV infection is high in patients on hemodialysis and in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In liver transplant patients with HCV infection, recurrent HCV infection of the transplanted liver is universal and results in rapid liver fibrosis progression. In patients with HCV/HIV coinfection as well, liver fibrosis advances rapidly. Thus, there is an urgent need for prompt HCV infection treatment in these special populations (i.e. HIV/HCV coinfection, HCV infection after LT, and dialysis patients). Interferon (IFN)-based therapy for HCV infection could not achieve a high rate of sustained viral response and could cause severe adverse events in the aforementioned special populations. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have recently been developed, and clinical trials have shown that IFN-free DAA-based therapies are associated with a significantly better safety and therapeutic profile than IFN-based therapies. However, the majority of the initial DAA trials excluded special populations; thus, the efficacy and safety of IFN-free DAA-based therapy in special populations remained to be clearly established. Although recent clinical trials and clinical studies have shown the high efficacy and safety of this therapy even in special populations, several unresolved problems, including emergence of resistance-associated variants after failure to respond to DAAs and HCC occurrence after DAA therapy, still exist. Hence, in this review, we discuss the recent advances in anti-HCV therapy for special populations and the remaining problems regarding this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Erken E, Altunoren O, Gungor O. Poor management of hepatitis C infection will cause serious issues for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:87-89. [PMID: 33988914 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Erken
- Department of Nephrology, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Orcun Altunoren
- Department of Nephrology, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Gungor
- Department of Nephrology, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Baseline elevated serum angiopoietin-2 predicts long-term non-regression of liver fibrosis after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9207. [PMID: 33911145 PMCID: PMC8080679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously revealed that Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) predicts non-regression of liver fibrosis based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at 24 weeks after anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. In this study, we extended the observational period to 96 weeks to investigate the factors associated with non-regression after treatment with direct-acting-antivirals (DAAs). Patients treated with DAAs who underwent transient elastography at baseline and 24 and 96 weeks after DAA therapy were included. Baseline and post-treatment serum Ang2 levels were measured. Liver fibrosis stages were defined based on LSM. Multivariate regression was used to evaluate factors associated with non-regression of liver fibrosis between various time points. In total, 110 patients were included. Of these, 11% showed non-regression of LSM-based fibrosis stage at 96 weeks after DAA therapy. In multivariate analysis, advanced liver fibrosis stage and high baseline Ang2 levels were significantly associated with non-regression at 96 weeks. In patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3/4), baseline Ang2 levels were associated with non-regression of liver fibrosis stage. Between SVR24 and SVR96, post-treatment Ang2 levels and controlled attenuation parameter values at SVR24 were significantly associated with non-regression of liver fibrosis stage in patients with F3/4. Thus, serum Ang2 levels are an important target for monitoring and therapy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver transplantation is a life-changing event for patients and survival following transplantation has improved significantly since the first transplantation in 1967. Following liver transplantation, patients face a unique set of healthcare management decisions including transplantation-specific complications, recurrence of primary liver disease, as well as metabolic and malignancy concerns related to immunosuppression. As more patients with liver disease receive transplantation and live longer, understanding and managing these patients will require not only transplant specialist but also local subspecialist and primary care physicians. AREAS COVERED This review covers common issues related to the management of patients following liver transplantation including immunosuppression, liver allograft dysfunction, metabolic complications, as well as routine health maintenance such as immunizations and cancer screening. EXPERT OPINION Optimizing medical care for patients following liver transplant will benefit from ensuring all providers, not just transplant specialist, have a basic understanding of the common issues encountered in the post-transplant patient. This review provides an overview of common healthcare concerns and management options for patients following liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hoppmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Omar Massoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Kawagishi N, Suda G, Kimura M, Maehara O, Shimazaki T, Yamada R, Kitagataya T, Shigesawa T, Suzuki K, Nakamura A, Ohara M, Umemura M, Nakai M, Sho T, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Kudo Y, Nishida M, Sakamoto N. High serum angiopoietin-2 level predicts non-regression of liver stiffness measurement-based liver fibrosis stage after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:671-681. [PMID: 32020702 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Factors associated with improvement of liver fibrosis after successful hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have been not clarified well. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is reported to be associated with vascular leak and inflammation observed in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. METHODS In this retrospective study, patients treated with IFN-free DAAs who underwent transient elastography before and at 24-weeks post-treatment and achieved sustained viral response were enrolled. Baseline serum Ang2 was measured, and its relationship with other clinical factors was analyzed. Liver fibrosis stage was defined based on liver stiffness according to a previous report. Predictive factors for regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 116 patients were analyzed. Baseline serum Ang2 levels were significantly associated with liver stiffness, spleen index, and liver stiffness-based liver fibrosis stage. Moreover, 75% of patients experienced regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced liver fibrosis stage and Ang2 levels were significantly associated with regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy. In patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3/4), baseline Ang2 level alone could predict regression of liver fibrosis stage. A baseline Ang2 cut-off value (354 pg/ML) could predict regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy with high accuracy (sensitivity 0.882, specificity 0.733). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of serum Ang2 levels before DAA therapy is important. Our results provide a novel mechanistic insight into non-regression of liver stiffness after DAA therapy. Long-term and larger studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Shimazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Machiko Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kudo
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Nishida
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Isoda H, Oeda S, Takamori A, Sato K, Okada M, Iwane S, Takahashi H, Anzai K, Eguchi Y, Fujimoto K. Generation Gap for Screening and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus in Saga Prefecture, Japan: An Administrative Database Study of 35,625 Subjects. Intern Med 2020; 59:169-174. [PMID: 31534084 PMCID: PMC7008045 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3248-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite recent advances in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, some HCV-positive individuals are unaware of their infection. The present study aimed to assess the rate and age distribution in Saga Prefecture regarding i) HCV infection and HCV screening and ii) direct acting anti-viral (DAA) treatment. Methods HCV screening data collected at a medical institution or in the workplace were obtained from the administrative database in Saga Prefecture between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2014. DAA treatment data from Saga Prefecture were obtained from the DAA treatment reimbursement recipient database between October 2014 and March 2017. Results There were 35,625 individuals who underwent HCV screening, and the HCV positive rate was 1.18% (421 individuals), which increased in an age-related manner. The screening rate in the screened populations peaked at 45-74 years of age (approximately 6%) and decreased in the younger and older generations. The estimated percentage of DAA treatment peaked at 65-74 years old (65.8%) and significantly decreased inversely with age in the younger generations; only 9.4% of HCV carriers received DAA treatment in the 20- to 34-year age group. The proportion of subjects who received a complete physical examination for DAA treatment was higher in the subjects who were screened at a medical institution than in those screened at the workplace. Conclusion The rate of subjects who underwent HCV screening and DAA treatment was not high, especially in the younger generation, in Saga Prefecture. This group should be targeted for HCV screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Isoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Ayako Takamori
- Division of Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Division of Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Japan
| | - Michiaki Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan
| | | | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- International University of Health and Welfare, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Safety and efficacy of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in Japanese hemodialysis patients with genotype 2 hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:641-649. [PMID: 30778716 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, interferon-free anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy for genotype 2 (GT2) HCV-infected hemodialysis patients was an unfulfilled medical need. Recent clinical trials of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (G/P) for hemodialysis patients showed high efficacy and safety; however, the number of GT2 HCV-infected patients, especially Asian patients, was limited and most of them were treated with a 12-week regimen. In this prospective multicenter study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of G/P in Japanese hemodialysis patients with GT2 HCV infection. METHODS Twenty-seven Japanese hemodialysis patients with GT2 HCV infection who were started on with 8- or 12-week G/P regimen between November 2017 and June 2018 were included and followed up for around 12 weeks after treatment completion. RESULTS Among the 27 included patients, 13 non-liver cirrhosis (LC) and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)-naïve patients were treated with 8 weeks of G/P and 14 patients with LC (n = 13) or history of failure of DAAs (n = 1) were treated with a 12-week regimen. The overall sustained virological response at 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR 12) was 96.3% (26/27). All patients with 8 weeks of treatment achieved SVR12. Two patients discontinued the therapy at 2 and 11 weeks after treatment initiation. The patient who discontinued at 2 weeks due to pruritus alone failed to respond to G/P. No patients experienced lethal adverse events during the therapy, and the most common adverse event was pruritus. CONCLUSIONS An 8- or 12-week G/P regimen is highly effective and safe in GT2 HCV-infected hemodialysis patients.
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18
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Inoue T, Korenaga M, Inoue J, Honda K, Kondo Y, Matono T, Enomoto M, Matsunami K, Iio E, Matsuura K, Fujiwara K, Nojiri S, Tanaka Y. In-depth interviews of non-hepatologists and the achievements made after introducing a "patient referral document for hepatitis" in our hospital. KANZO 2019; 60:219-228. [DOI: 10.2957/kanzo.60.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | | | - Tomomitsu Matono
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka City University Medical School
| | - Kayoko Matsunami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Etsuko Iio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Shunsuke Nojiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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19
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Suda G, Nakai M, Sho T, Kimura M, Shimazaki T, Maehara O, Shigesawa T, Suzuki K, Nakamura A, Ohara M, Umemura M, Kawagishi N, Baba M, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. The Successful Retreatment with Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir of Genotype 1 or 2 HCV-infected Hemodialysis Patients who Failed to Respond to NS5A and Protease Inhibitor Treatment. Intern Med 2019; 58:943-947. [PMID: 30568153 PMCID: PMC6478991 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2077-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and real-world data have proven that hepatitis C virus (HCV) in most infected patients can be eradicated by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, the proper retreatment regimen for hemodialysis patients with HCV infection who have previously failed to respond to DAAs has not been clarified. We herein report, for the first time, the successful retreatment with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir, of three hemodialysis patients with genotype 1 or 2 HCV infection, who had previously failed to respond to combination therapy with an HCV-NA5A inhibitor (daclatasvir) and an HCV protease inhibitor (asunaprevir).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Tomoe Shimazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Machiko Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Sho T, Suda G, Kimura M, Shimazaki T, Maehara O, Shigesawa T, Suzuki K, Nakamura A, Ohara M, Umemura M, Izumi T, Kawagishi N, Baba M, Nakai M, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir for Japanese Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Genotype 3 Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: A Report of Three Cases. Intern Med 2019; 58:797-802. [PMID: 30449808 PMCID: PMC6465017 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1856-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is yet to be clarified. This is because no or only a few patients have been included in Japanese phase 3 trials. We herein report for the first time the successful treatment of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in three Japanese patients with HIV and genotype 3 HCV coinfection as well as hemophilia. Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir treatment is safe and effective for Japanese patients with genotype 3 HCV and HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Tomoe Shimazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Machiko Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masaru Baba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO) Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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21
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Huang MH, Li H, Xue R, Li J, Wang L, Cheng J, Wu Z, Li W, Chen J, Lv X, Li Q, Lan P, Zhao L, Yang Y, Peng Z, Jiang J. Up-regulation of glycolipid transfer protein by bicyclol causes spontaneous restriction of hepatitis C virus replication. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:769-781. [PMID: 31384537 PMCID: PMC6663943 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclol is a synthetic drug for hepatoprotection in clinic since 2004. Preliminary clinical observations suggest that bicyclol might be active against hepatitis C virus (HCV) with unknown mechanism. Here, we showed that bicyclol significantly inhibited HCV replication in vitro and in hepatitis C patients. Using bicyclol as a probe, we identified glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) to be a novel restrictive factor for HCV replication. The GLTP preferentially bound host vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-A (VAP-A) in competition with the HCV NS5A, causing an interruption of the complex formation between VAP-A and HCV NS5A. As the formation of VAP-A/NS5A complex is essential for viral RNA replication, up-regulation of GLTP by bicyclol reduced the level of VAP-A/NS5A complex and thus inhibited HCV replication. Bicyclol also exhibited an inhibition on HCV variants resistant to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) with an efficacy identical to that on wild type HCV. In combination with bicyclol, DAAs inhibited HCV replication in a synergistic fashion. GLTP appears to be a newly discovered host restrictive factor for HCV replication, Up-regulation of GLTP causes spontaneous restriction of HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jianrui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhouyi Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zonggen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
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22
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Dong Y, Zhi X, Lei G. Changes of body immunity and inflammatory response in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:403-407. [PMID: 30651812 PMCID: PMC6307362 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of body immunity and inflammatory response in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients were investigated. Eighty HIV/HCV infected patients admitted to Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital from August 2015 to December 2017 were selected and divided into two groups according to whether they were complicated with HCV infection or not (n=40 per group). The changes of the related humoral immune indexes, the related cellular immune indexes, the related indexes of hepatic function, the related indexes of inflammatory response in the two groups were compared, and the correlations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, immunoglobulin G (IgG) level and cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) level in the observation group were analyzed. The levels of related humoral immune indexes [immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM levels], the related cellular immune indexes (CD4+ and CD8+) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of indexes of hepatic function [ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of hs-CRP, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were positive correlations of hs-CRP level with ALT level and IgG level in the observation group (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between hs-CRP level and CD4+ level in the observation group (P<0.05). The humoral and cellular immune functions of the HIV/HCV co-infected patients are significantly limited, their hepatic function is significantly impaired and the levels of inflammatory cytokines are markedly increased. The level of hs-CRP is positively correlated with hepatic function and humoral immune function and negatively correlated with cellular immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Dong
- Infection Department, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhi
- Infection Department, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Guo Lei
- Infection Department, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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23
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Wolf HM, Eibl MM, Müller CJ. Oral direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 7:1049-1051. [PMID: 30339854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
MESH Headings
- 2-Naphthylamine
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Agammaglobulinemia/blood
- Agammaglobulinemia/drug therapy
- Agammaglobulinemia/virology
- Anilides/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Carbamates/therapeutic use
- Cyclopropanes
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/blood
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/drug therapy
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/virology
- Hepacivirus
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
- Lactams, Macrocyclic
- Macrocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Middle Aged
- Proline/analogs & derivatives
- Pyrrolidines
- Ritonavir/therapeutic use
- Sofosbuvir/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Uracil/analogs & derivatives
- Uracil/therapeutic use
- Valine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann M Wolf
- Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud Private University - Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martha M Eibl
- Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Vienna, Austria; Biomedizinische Forschungsges.m.b.H., Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Aguilar C, Husain S, Lortholary O. Recent advances in understanding and managing infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29899970 PMCID: PMC5968357 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14262.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT) exposes the recipient to various infectious risks, including possible transmission of pathogen by the transplanted organ, post-surgical infections, reactivation of latent pathogens, or novel infections. Recent advances: In the last few years, the emergence of Zika virus has raised concerns in the transplant community. Few cases have been described in SOT patients, and these were associated mainly with moderate disease and favorable outcome; the notable exception is a recent case of fatal meningo-encephalopathy in a heart transplant recipient. Because of the advances in treating hepatitis C, several teams recently started to use organs from hepatitis C-positive donors. The worldwide increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as the increasing incidence of
Clostridioides difficile infection, is of particular concern in SOT patients. In the field of mycology, the main recent therapeutic advance is the availability of isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. This drug has the advantage of minimal interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. Regarding the viral reactivations occurring after transplant, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still a significant issue in SOT patients. The management of resistant CMV remains particularly difficult. The approval of letermovir, albeit in bone marrow transplantation, and the therapeutic trial of maribavir bring a ray of hope. Another advancement in management of post-transplant infections is the development of
in vitro tests evaluating pathogen-specific immune response, such as immunodiagnostics for CMV and, more recently, tests for monitoring immunity against BK virus. Conclusion: The increasing number of organ transplantations, the use of newer immunosuppressive drugs, and high-risk donors continue to define the landscape of transplant infectious diseases in the current era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Aguilar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahid Husain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Paris Descartes University, IHU Imagine, Paris, France
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