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Lv J, Yang S, Zhou W, Liu Z, Tan J, Wei M. Microbial regulation of plant secondary metabolites: Impact, mechanisms and prospects. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127688. [PMID: 38479233 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites possess a wide range of pharmacological activities and play crucial biological roles. They serve as both a defense response during pathogen attack and a valuable drug resource. The role of microorganisms in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism has been widely recognized. The addition of specific microorganisms can increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites, and their beneficial effects depend on environmental factors and plant-related microorganisms. This article summarizes the impact and regulatory mechanisms of different microorganisms on the main secondary metabolic products of plants. We emphasize the mechanisms by which microorganisms regulate hormone levels, nutrient absorption, the supply of precursor substances, and enzyme and gene expression to promote the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. In addition, the possible negative feedback regulation of microorganisms is discussed. The identification of additional unknown microbes and other driving factors affecting plant secondary metabolism is essential. The prospects for further analysis of medicinal plant genomes and the establishment of a genetic operation system for plant secondary metabolism research are proposed. This study provides new ideas for the use of microbial resources for biological synthesis research and the improvement of crop anti-inverse traits for the use of microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lv
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shuangyu Yang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhongwang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jinfang Tan
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mi Wei
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518107, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China.
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Djerrad Z, Terfi S, Brakchi L. Variability in Chemical Composition and Biochemical Activities of Mentha x piperita L. Essential Oil, in Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Heavy Metal Stress. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301980. [PMID: 38285970 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The present paper highlights the effect of Pb/Cd-stress and/or mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus Intraradices on yield, chemical composition, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Mentha x piperita L. essential oil. Our findings showed that mycorrhizal colonization could be used to improve the essential oil yield of M. x piperita, either in non-stressed or Pb/Cd-stressed plants. GC-MS analysis revealed three chemotypes: linalool/pulegone (32.6/30.8 %) chemotype in essential oils of non-mycorrhizal Pb-stressed plants, menthone/menthyl acetate (30.3/25.1 %) chemotype in essential oils of non-mycorrhizal Cd-stressed plants and menthol (44.6 %) chemotype in essential oils of non-mycorrhizal non-stressed plants, mycorrhizal non-stressed plants and mycorrhizal Pb/Cd-stressed plants. The cytotoxicity of M. x piperita essential oil, evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, was increased in presence of Pb/Cd-stress (from 379.58 to 72.84 μm/mL) and decreased in mycorrhizal plants (from 379.58 to 482.32 μm/mL). The antimicrobial activity of M. x piperita essential oil, evaluated by disc diffusion method and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against ten microorganisms, was enhanced by the mycorrhizal colonization and deceased by the Pb/Cd-stress. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with mycorrhizal fungi is a real avenue for alleviating abiotic stress and/or increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites in terms of biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Djerrad
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Souhila Terfi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Electrochemistry-Corrosion, Metallurgy and Mineral Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lila Brakchi
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
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Liu M, Wang H, Lin Z, Ke J, Zhang P, Zhang F, Ru D, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Liu X. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inhibit necrotrophic, but not biotrophic, aboveground plant pathogens: a meta-analysis and experimental study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1308-1320. [PMID: 37964601 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial mutualists can profoundly modify host species ecology and evolution, by extension altering interactions with other microbial species, including pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may moderate infections by pathogens, but the direction and strength of these effects can be idiosyncratic. To assess how the introduction of AMF impacts the incidence and severity of aboveground plant diseases (i.e. 'disease impact'), we conducted a meta-analysis of 130 comparisons derived from 69 published studies. To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the influence of AMF on pathogens, we conducted three glasshouse experiments involving six non-woody plant species, yielded crucial data on leaf nutrient composition, plant defense compounds, and transcriptomes. Our meta-analysis revealed that the inoculation of AMF lead to a reduction in disease impact. More precisely, AMF inoculation was associated with a decrease in necrotrophic diseases, while no significant impact on biotrophic diseases. Chemical and transcriptome analyses suggested that these effects may be driven by AMF regulation of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in glasshouse experiments. However, changes in plant nutritional status and secondary chemicals may also regulate disease impact. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating pathogen life history when predicting how microbial mutualisms affect disease impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dafu Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Garcés-Ruiz M, Herent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Ortiz S, Declerck S, Lalaymia I. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216029. [PMID: 37637105 PMCID: PMC10447974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant secondary metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of AMF strains on the growth and production of A/Sd in A. tinctoria has been reported in the literature. Methods Here, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plants were associated with the GINCO strain Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and, in Experiment 2, with two strains of GINCO (R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408) and two native strains isolated from wild growing A. tinctoria (R. irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum) and were grown in a semi-hydroponic (S-H) cultivation system. Plants were harvested after 9 and 37 days in Experiment 1 and 9 days in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, plants were associated with the two native AMF strains and with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and were grown for 85 days in pots under greenhouse conditions. Quantification and identification of A/Sd were performed by HPLC-PDA and by HPLC-HRMS/MS, respectively. LePGT1, LePGT2, and GHQH genes involved in the A/Sd biosynthesis were analyzed through RT-qPCR. Results In Experiment 1, no significant differences were noticed in the production of A/Sd. Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, plants associated with the native AMF R. irregularis had the highest content of total A/Sd expressed as shikonin equivalent. In Experiment 1, a significantly higher relative expression of both LePGT1 and LePGT2 was observed in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 compared with control plants after 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. Similarly, a significantly higher relative expression of LePGT2 in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 was noticed after 9 versus 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. In Experiment 2, a significant lower relative expression of LePGT2 was observed in native AMF R. irregularis inoculated plants compared to the control. Discussion Overall, our study showed that the native R. irregularis strain increased A/Sd production in A. tinctoria regardless of the growing system used, further suggesting that the inoculation of native/best performing AMF is a promising method to improve the production of important SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mónica Garcés-Ruiz
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Herent
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- UMR 7200, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Ran Z, Ding W, Cao S, Fang L, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Effects on secondary metabolite accumulation of traditional Chinese medicines. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:932-938. [PMID: 35733285 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of people, and the intrinsic quality of TCM is directly related to the clinical efficacy. The medicinal ingredients of TCM are derived from the secondary metabolites of plant metabolism and are also the result of the coordination of various physiological activities in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance the growth and yield of plants by facilitating the uptake of nutrients and water. Symbiosis of AMF with higher plants promotes growth and helps in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, there is still no systematic analysis and summation of their roles in the application of TCM, biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances of herbs, as well as the mechanisms. AMF directly or indirectly affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites of TCM, which is the focus of this review. First, in this review, the effects of AMF symbiosis on the content of different secondary metabolites in TCM, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids, are summarized. Moreover, the mechanism of AMF regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites was also considered, in combination with the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts, response mechanisms of plant hormones, nutritional elements and expression of key enzyme their activities. Finally, combined with the current application prospects for AMF in TCM, future in-depth research is planned, thus providing a reference for improving the quality of TCM. In this manuscript, we review the research status of AMF in promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites in TCM to provide new ideas and methods for improving the quality of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - W Ding
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - S Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - L Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - J Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:221-256. [PMID: 35556179 PMCID: PMC9184413 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhao
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Production and Functionalities of Specialized Metabolites from Different Organic Sources. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060534. [PMID: 35736468 PMCID: PMC9228302 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of specialized metabolites that are of great importance to plants, animals, and humans. The usefulness of active biological compounds cuts across different fields, such as agriculture, forestry, food processing and packaging, biofuels, biocatalysts, and environmental remediation. In recent years, research has shifted toward the use of microbes, especially endophytes (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the combination of these organisms with other alternatives to optimize the production and regulation of these compounds. This review reinforces the production of specialized metabolites, especially by plants and microorganisms, and the effectiveness of microorganisms in increasing the production/concentration of these compounds in plants. The study also highlights the functions of these compounds in plants and their applications in various fields. New research areas that should be explored to produce and regulate these compounds, especially in plants and microbes, have been identified. Methods involving molecular studies are yet to be fully explored, and next-generation sequencing possesses an interesting and reliable approach.
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Todeschini V, Anastasia F, Massa N, Marsano F, Cesaro P, Bona E, Gamalero E, Oddi L, Lingua G. Impact of Phosphatic Nutrition on Growth Parameters and Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua Plants Inoculated or Not with Funneliformis mosseae. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040497. [PMID: 35454988 PMCID: PMC9025405 DOI: 10.3390/life12040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is a medicinal plant appreciated for the production of artemisinin, a molecule used for malaria treatment. However, the natural concentration of artemisinin in planta is low. Plant nutrition, in particular phosphorus, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect both plant biomass and secondary metabolite production. In this work, A. annua plants were ino- culated or not with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae BEG12 and cultivated for 2 months in controlled conditions at three different phosphatic (P) concentrations (32, 96, and 288 µM). Plant growth parameters, leaf photosynthetic pigment concentrations, artemisinin production, and mineral uptake were evaluated. The different P levels significantly affected the plant shoot growth, AM fungal colonization, and mineral acquisition. High P levels negatively influenced mycorrhizal colonization. The artemisinin concentration was inversely correlated to the P level in the substrate. The fungus mainly affected root growth and nutrient uptake and significantly lowered leaf artemisinin concentration. In conclusion, P nutrition can influence plant biomass production and the lowest phosphate level led to the highest artemisinin concentration, irrespective of the plant mineral uptake. Plant responses to AM fungi can be modulated by cost–benefit ratios of the mutualistic exchange between the partners and soil nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0131-360210
| | - Flavio Anastasia
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy;
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (F.A.); (N.M.); (F.M.); (P.C.); (E.G.); (G.L.)
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Rożek K, Rola K, Zubek S. Slight dependence of temperate-forest herbaceous plants, Geum urbanum and Senecio ovatus, on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enables them to colonise soils with a low level of AMF abundance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258862. [PMID: 34699539 PMCID: PMC8547634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous studies have revealed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant performance, the influence of these symbionts on temperate-forest herbaceous species in relation to soil physical and chemical properties has been left largely unexplored. Therefore, two perennial herbs, Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) and Senecio ovatus (Asteraceae), were examined in a laboratory pot experiment to determine whether AMF influenced their growth, photosynthetic performance index, and N and P contents in biomass. The treatments, involving three widespread AMF species, were prepared in the soils of two habitats colonised by both plants, namely beech and riparian forests, as follows: (1) control—soils without AMF, (2) Claroideoglomus claroideum, (3) Funneliformis geosporus, and (4) Funneliformis mosseae. Neither shoot mass nor photosynthetic performance index of G. urbanum and S. ovatus was enhanced by AMF. Senecio ovatus root mass was increased compared to control only by F. geosporus. Inconsistent effects were observed in N and P contents in shoots and roots of both species. The direction and magnitude of these responses were dependent on the fungal species and soil type. Although the plant species belong to families whose representatives are usually regularly colonised by and highly responsive to AMF, our study indicates that AMF had only a slight impact on the performance of G. urbanum and S. ovatus at the early stages of their development. The plants being slightly dependent on AMF are thus adapted to colonise temperate-forest soils with a low level of availability of AMF propagules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Neoteric Trends in Medicinal Plant-AMF Association and Elicited Accumulation of Phytochemicals. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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de Oliveira PTF, Dos Santos EL, da Silva WAV, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, da Silva FA, da Silva FSB. Use of mycorrhizal fungi releases the application of organic fertilizers to increase the production of leaf vitexin in yellow passion fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1816-1821. [PMID: 31825527 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-cost organic fertilizers, such as coconut powder and vermicompost, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may benefit the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plant. However, it has not been established whether the joint application of these inputs may increase the production of vitexin and other molecules associated with the phytotherapeutic properties of this plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the application of AMF and organic fertilizers maximizes the production of bioactive compounds in leaves of P. edulis. RESULTS The inoculation of Acaulospora longula into P. edulis grown in fertilization-free soil promoted an increase of 86% in the concentration of leaf vitexin, 10.29% in the concentration of total phenols, and 13.78% in the concentration of total tannins in relation to the AMF-free control, rendering soil fertilization superfluous. CONCLUSION The application of A. longula increases the production of foliar biomolecules, such as vitexin, in yellow passion fruit plants. Thus, the addition of coconut powder and vermicompost to the substrate composition is not necessary, leading to the commercialized production of phytomass in the herbal medicines industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tarcila Félix de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Laboratório de Análises, Pesquisas e Estudos em Micorrizas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Micorrízica, Universidade de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Lima Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Laboratório de Análises, Pesquisas e Estudos em Micorrizas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Sérgio Barbosa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Laboratório de Análises, Pesquisas e Estudos em Micorrizas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Microbiota as Plant Biostimulants: Research Strategies for the Selection of the Best Performing Inocula. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of the most important food crops and playing key roles in the maintenance of long-term soil fertility and health. The great inter- and intra-specific AMF diversity can be fully exploited by selecting AMF inocula on the basis of their colonization ability and efficiency, which are affected by fungal and plant genotypes and diverse environmental variables. The multiple services provided by AMF are the result of the synergistic activities of the bacterial communities living in the mycorrhizosphere, encompassing nitrogen fixation, P solubilization, and the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and antibiotics. The tripartite association among host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and associated bacteria show beneficial emerging properties which could be efficiently exploited in sustainable agriculture. Further in-depth studies, both in microcosms and in the field, performed on different AMF species and isolates, should evaluate their colonization ability, efficiency, and resilience. Transcriptomic studies can reveal the expression levels of nutrient transporter genes in fungal absorbing hyphae in the presence of selected bacterial strains. Eventually, newly designed multifunctional microbial consortia can be utilized as biofertilizers and biostimulants in sustainable and innovative production systems.
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Velásquez A, Vega-Celedón P, Fiaschi G, Agnolucci M, Avio L, Giovannetti M, D'Onofrio C, Seeger M. Responses of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon roots to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Ensifer meliloti include changes in volatile organic compounds. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:161-170. [PMID: 31974639 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microorganisms that may associate with grapevine roots, improving stress tolerance, growth, and nutrition. AM fungi and PGPR enhance the production of plant secondary metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play a key role in the interaction of plants with the environment and are involved in defence mechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of an AM fungus and a rhizobacterium on plant growth and VOCs in Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon roots to gain insight into the potential role of plant-rhizosphere microorganisms in vine growth and defence. Grapevines were inoculated or not with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae IN101 and/or the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Ensifer meliloti TSA41. Both microbial strains enhanced plant growth. Fifty-eight VOCs extracted from ground roots were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. VOCs were induced by F. mosseae IN101, increasing up to 87% compared with control plants. Monoterpenes were strongly enhanced by F. mosseae IN101, increasing up to 113% compared with control plants. Interestingly, monoterpene alcohols related to plant defence, such as myrtenol, p-cymen-7-ol, and p-mentha-1.8-dien-7-ol were increased. By contrast, E. meliloti TSA41 did not significantly affect VOCs. The knowledge of the effects of AM fungi and PGPR on grapevine VOCs may contribute to an integrated and sustainable management of vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Velásquez
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
- Biotechnology Center "Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt", Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari, 699, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Vega-Celedón
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
- Biotechnology Center "Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt", Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari, 699, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Grazia Fiaschi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Avio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Onofrio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood-Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael Seeger
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680, Valparaíso, Chile.
- Biotechnology Center "Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt", Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, General Bari, 699, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Pedone-Bonfim MVL, Silva DKAD, Silva-Batista ARD, de Oliveira AP, Almeida JRGDS, Yano-Melo AM, Maia LC. Mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative for the sustainable production of Mimosa tenuiflora seedlings with improved growth and secondary compounds content. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:918-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Avio L, Turrini A, Giovannetti M, Sbrana C. Designing the Ideotype Mycorrhizal Symbionts for the Production of Healthy Food. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1089. [PMID: 30154803 PMCID: PMC6102486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The new paradigm in agriculture, sustainable intensification, is focusing back onto beneficial soil microorganisms, for the role played in reducing the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improving plant nutrition and health. Worldwide, more and more attention is deserved to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which establish symbioses with the roots of most land plants and facilitate plant nutrient uptake, by means of a large network of extraradical hyphae spreading from colonized roots to the surrounding soil and functioning as a supplementary absorbing system. AMF protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses and are able to modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, phytoestrogens and carotenoids, that play a fundamental role in promoting human health. An increasing number of studies focused on the use of AMF symbionts for the production of functional food, with enhanced nutritional and nutraceutical value. Yet, while several plant species were investigated, only few AMF were utilized, thus limiting the full exploitation of their wide physiological and genetic diversity. Here, we will focus on AMF effects on the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites with health-promoting activity, and on the criteria for a finely tuned, targeted selection of the best performing symbionts, to be utilized as sustainable biotechnological tools for the production of safe and healthy plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Avio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, C.N.R., UOS Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sharma E, Anand G, Kapoor R. Terpenoids in plant and arbuscular mycorrhiza-reinforced defence against herbivorous insects. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:791-801. [PMID: 28087662 PMCID: PMC5378189 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants, though sessile, employ various strategies to defend themselves against herbivorous insects and convey signals of an impending herbivore attack to other plant(s). Strategies include the production of volatiles that include terpenoids and the formation of symbiotic associations with fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This constitutes a two-pronged above-ground/below-ground attack-defence strategy against insect herbivores. SCOPE Terpenoids represent an important constituent of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that deter herbivores and/or attract their predators. Terpenoids serve as airborne signals that can induce defence responses in systemic undamaged parts of the plant and also prime defence responses in neighbouring plants. Colonization of roots by AM fungi is known to influence secondary metabolism in plants; this includes alteration of the concentration and composition of terpenoids, which can boost both direct and indirect plant defence against herbivorous insects. Enhanced nutrient uptake facilitated by AM, changes in plant morphology and physiology and increased transcription levels of certain genes involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway result in alterations in plant terpenoid profiles. The common mycorrhizal networks of external hyphae have added a dimension to the two-pronged plant defence strategy. These act as conduits to transfer defence signals and terpenoids. CONCLUSION Improved understanding of the roles of terpenoids in plant and AM defences against herbivory and of interplant signalling in natural communities has significant implications for sustainable management of pests in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Hart M, Ehret DL, Krumbein A, Leung C, Murch S, Turi C, Franken P. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves the nutritional value of tomatoes. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:359-76. [PMID: 25391485 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can affect many different micronutrients and macronutrients in plants and also influence host volatile compound synthesis. Their effect on the edible portions of plants is less clear. Two separate studies were performed to investigate whether inoculation by AM fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, or both) can affect the food quality of tomato fruits, in particular common minerals, antioxidants, carotenoids, a suite of vitamins, and flavor compounds (sugars, titratable acids, volatile compounds). It was found that AM fungal inoculation increased the nutrient quality of tomato fruits for most nutrients except vitamins. Fruit mineral concentration increased with inoculation (particularly N, P, and Cu). Similarly, inoculated plants had fruit with higher antioxidant capacity and more carotenoids. Furthermore, five volatile compounds were significantly higher in AM plants compared with non-AM controls. Taken together, these results show that AM fungi represent a promising resource for improving both sustainable food production and human nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Hart
- Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1 V7, Canada,
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18
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Zhu ZB, Fan JY, Guo QS, Liu ZY, Zhu GS. The growth and medicinal quality of Epimedium wushanense are improved by an isolate of dark septate fungus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1344-1351. [PMID: 25858327 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.982296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Seven dark-septate endophytic (DSE) fungi have been isolated from the roots of Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying (Berberidaceae), an important medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE The current study explores the effects of seven DSE fungi on the growth and accumulation of bioactive compounds in E. wushanense. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each 1-month-old E. wushanense seedling was inoculated with one of the seven DSE fungi and was grown under greenhouse conditions for 90 d. The molecular identification of the fungi was based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuclear ribosomal gene cluster. RESULTS The results showed that the influence of DSE fungi inoculation varied between strains. Inoculation with DSE8 not only significantly enhanced plant height, root length, leaf area, leaf number, and shoot and root biomass but also improved the total flavonoid and icariin content, with an increase ranging from 20.24% to 237.97%. Three of the seven DSE fungi caused the inoculated plants to die, and the remaining three DSE strains showed neutral or negative effects on plant growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. According to the ITS sequence, DSE8 is congeneric to the genus Leptodontidium. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The findings indicate that application of DSE8 may be valuable to facilitate the cultivation of E. wushanense with a higher biomass and improved medicinal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Biao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , PR China
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Sbrana C, Avio L, Giovannetti M. Beneficial mycorrhizal symbionts affecting the production of health-promoting phytochemicals. Electrophoresis 2015; 35:1535-46. [PMID: 25025092 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are largely investigated for their content in vitamins, mineral nutrients, dietary fibers, and plant secondary metabolites, collectively called phytochemicals, which play a beneficial role in human health. Quantity and quality of phytochemicals may be detected by using different analytical techniques, providing accurate quantification and identification of single molecules, along with their molecular structures, and allowing metabolome analyses of plant-based foods. Phytochemicals concentration and profiles are affected by biotic and abiotic factors linked to plant genotype, crop management, harvest season, soil quality, available nutrients, light, and water. Soil health and biological fertility play a key role in the production of safe plant foods, as a result of the action of beneficial soil microorganisms, in particular of the root symbionts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. They improve plant nutrition and health and induce changes in secondary metabolism leading to enhanced biosynthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, and to a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. In this review we discuss reports on health-promoting phytochemicals and analytical methods used for their identification and quantification in plants, and on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact on fruits and vegetables nutritional and nutraceutical value.
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Lingua G, Bona E, Manassero P, Marsano F, Todeschini V, Cantamessa S, Copetta A, D’Agostino G, Gamalero E, Berta G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting pseudomonads increases anthocyanin concentration in strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa var. Selva) in conditions of reduced fertilization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16207-25. [PMID: 23924942 PMCID: PMC3759907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of common phenolic compounds in plants. They are mainly detected in flowers and fruits, are believed to play different important roles such as in the attraction of animals and seed dispersal, and also in the increase of the antioxidant response in tissues directly or indirectly affected by biotic or abiotic stress factors. As a major group of secondary metabolites in plants commonly consumed as food, they are of importance in both the food industry and human nutrition. It is known that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can influence the plant secondary metabolic pathways such as the synthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants, of secondary metabolites in roots, and increase flavonoid concentration. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are able to increase plant growth, improving plant nutrition and supporting plant development under natural or stressed conditions. Various studies confirmed that a number of bacterial species living on and inside the root system are beneficial for plant growth, yield and crop quality. In this work it is shown that inoculation with AM fungi and/or with selected and tested Pseudomonas strains, under conditions of reduced fertilization, increases anthocyanin concentration in the fruits of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lingua
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Manassero
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Simone Cantamessa
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | | | - Elisa Gamalero
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Graziella Berta
- Department of Sciences and Innovative Technology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (V.T.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (G.B.)
- Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini, Alessandria 15121, Italy; E-Mail:
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Zeng Y, Guo LP, Chen BD, Hao ZP, Wang JY, Huang LQ, Yang G, Cui XM, Yang L, Wu ZX, Chen ML, Zhang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and active ingredients of medicinal plants: current research status and prospectives. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:253-65. [PMID: 23417725 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used world-wide for thousands of years and are widely recognized as having high healing but minor toxic side effects. The scarcity and increasing demand for medicinal plants and their products have promoted the development of artificial cultivation of medicinal plants. Currently, one of the prominent issues in medicinal cultivation systems is the unstable quality of the products. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) affects secondary metabolism and the production of active ingredients of medicinal plants and thus influence the quality of herbal medicines. In this review, we have assembled, analyzed, and summarized the effects of AM symbioses on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. We conclude that symbiosis of AM is conducive to favorable characteristics of medicinal plants, by improving the production and accumulation of important active ingredients of medicinal plants such as terpenes, phenols, and alkaloids, optimizing the composition of different active ingredients in medicinal plants and ultimately improving the quality of herbal materials. We are convinced that the AM symbiosis will benefit the cultivation of medicinal plants and improve the total yield and quality of herbal materials. Through this review, we hope to draw attention to the status and prospects of, and arouse more interest in, the research field of medicinal plants and mycorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Chinese Materia Medica Resources Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
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Pedone-Bonfim MVL, Lins MA, Coelho IR, Santana AS, Silva FSB, Maia LC. Mycorrhizal technology and phosphorus in the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan) seedlings. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:1479-1484. [PMID: 23108717 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase the growth and concentration of primary and secondary metabolites in several plant species. Cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina), a medicinal plant, benefits from mycorrhizal association, but the influence of the symbiosis on the production of its bioactive compounds is unknown. In this study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus (P) supply on the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil seedlings was determined. RESULTS The production of proteins and carbohydrates in terms of both concentration and content was enhanced by inoculation with AMF, but this benefit was mitigated at higher levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm(-3) soil). The concentration of phenols, flavonoids and total tannins was favoured by mycorrhizal inoculation even at the highest levels of P (30 and 50 mg dm(-3) soil). CONCLUSION The production of primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of A. colubrina can be maximised by mycorrhization, with the benefit depending on supplementation of soil phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V L Pedone-Bonfim
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Zubek S, Mielcarek S, Turnau K. Hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations of a valuable medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum L. are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2012; 22:149-56. [PMID: 21626142 PMCID: PMC3261393 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's-wort, Hypericaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant species cultivated for pharmaceutical purposes. Although the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of H. perforatum have been well studied, no data are available concerning the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on this important herb. A laboratory experiment was therefore conducted in order to test three AMF inocula on H. perforatum with a view to show whether AMF could influence plant vitality (biomass and photosynthetic activity) and the production of the most valuable secondary metabolites, namely anthraquinone derivatives (hypericin and pseudohypericin) as well as the prenylated phloroglucinol-hyperforin. The following treatments were prepared: (1) control-sterile soil without AMF inoculation, (2) Rhizophagus intraradices (syn. Glomus intraradices), (3) Funneliformis mosseae (syn. Glomus mosseae), and (4) an AMF Mix which contained: Funneliformis constrictum (syn. Glomus constrictum), Funneliformis geosporum (syn. Glomus geosporum), F. mosseae, and R. intraradices. The application of R. intraradices inoculum resulted in the highest mycorrhizal colonization, whereas the lowest values of mycorrhizal parameters were detected in the AMF Mix. There were no statistically significant differences in H. perforatum shoot mass in any of the treatments. However, we found AMF species specificity in the stimulation of H. perforatum photosynthetic activity and the production of secondary metabolites. Inoculation with the AMF Mix resulted in higher photosynthetic performance index (PI(total)) values in comparison to all the other treatments. The plants inoculated with R. intraradices and the AMF Mix were characterized by a higher concentration of hypericin and pseudohypericin in the shoots. However, no differences in the content of these metabolites were detected after the application of F. mosseae. In the case of hyperforin, no significant differences were found between the control plants and those inoculated with any of the AMF applied. The enhanced content of anthraquinone derivatives and, at the same time, better plant vitality suggest that the improved production of these metabolites was a result of the positive effect of the applied AMF strains on H. perforatum. This could be due to improved mineral nutrition or to AMF-induced changes in the phytohormonal balance. Our results are promising from the biotechnological point of view, i.e. the future inoculation of H. perforatum with AMF in order to improve the quality of medicinal plant raw material obtained from cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Zubek
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, Kraków, Poland.
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24
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Das A, Kamal S, Shakil NA, Sherameti I, Oelmüller R, Dua M, Tuteja N, Johri AK, Varma A. The root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica leads to early flowering, higher biomass and altered secondary metabolites of the medicinal plant, Coleus forskohlii. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:103-12. [PMID: 22301976 PMCID: PMC3357349 DOI: 10.4161/psb.7.1.18472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of plant probiotic fungus Piriformospora indica on the medicinal plant C. forskohlii. Interaction of the C. forskohlii with the root endophyte P. indica under field conditions, results in an overall increase in aerial biomass, chlorophyll contents and phosphorus acquisition. The fungus also promoted inflorescence development, consequently the amount of p-cymene in the inflorescence increased. Growth of the root thickness was reduced in P. indica treated plants as they became fibrous, but developed more lateral roots. Because of the smaller root biomass, the content of forskolin was decreased. The symbiotic interaction of C. forskohlii with P. indica under field conditions promoted biomass production of the aerial parts of the plant including flower development. The plant aerial parts are important source of metabolites for medicinal application. Therefore we suggest that the use of the root endophyte fungus P. indica in sustainable agriculture will enhance the medicinally important chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Das
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT); Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP); Noida, India
| | - Shwet Kamal
- Directorate of Mushroom Research; Indian Council of Agriculture Research; Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Najam Akhtar Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals; Indian Agricultural Research Institute; New Delhi, India
| | - Irena Sherameti
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Jena, Germany
| | - Meenakshi Dua
- School of Environmental Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg; New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar Johri
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT); Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP); Noida, India
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25
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Song YY, Cao M, Xie LJ, Liang XT, Zeng RS, Su YJ, Huang JH, Wang RL, Luo SM. Induction of DIMBOA accumulation and systemic defense responses as a mechanism of enhanced resistance of mycorrhizal corn (Zea mays L.) to sheath blight. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:721-731. [PMID: 21484338 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are the most important symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems and they enhance the plant defense against numerous soil-borne pathogenic fungi and nematodes. Two corn (Zea mays) varieties, Gaoyou-115 that is susceptible to sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Yuenong-9 that is resistant, were used for mycorrhizal inoculation in this study. Pre-inoculation of susceptible Gaoyou-115 with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae significantly reduced the disease incidence and disease severity of sheath blight of corn. HPLC analysis showed that AMF inoculation led to significant increase in 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one (DIMBOA) accumulation in the roots of both corn varieties and in leaves of resistant Yuenong-9. R. solani inoculation alone did not result in accumulation of DIMBOA in both roots and leaves of the two corn varieties. Our previous study showed that DIMBOA strongly inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani in vitro. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mycorrhizal inoculation itself did not affect the transcripts of most genes tested. However, pre-inoculation with G. mosseae induced strong responses of three defense-related genes PR2a, PAL, and AOS, as well as BX9, one of the key genes in DIMBOA biosynthesis pathway, in the leaves of corn plants of both Yuenong-9 and Gaoyou-115 after the pathogen attack. Induction of defense responses in pre-inoculated plants was much higher and quicker than that in non-inoculated plants upon R. solani infection. These results indicate that induction of accumulation of DIMBOA, an important phytoalexin in corn, and systemic defense responses by AMF, plays a vital role in enhanced disease resistance of mycorrhizal plants of corn against sheath blight. This study also suggests that priming is an important mechanism in mycorrhiza-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Sen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hua Huang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
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