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Radić T, Vuković R, Gaši E, Kujundžić D, Čarija M, Balestrini R, Sillo F, Gambino G, Hančević K. Tripartite interactions between grapevine, viruses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide insights into modulation of oxidative stress responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 303:154372. [PMID: 39423687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be beneficial for plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stressors. Although widely present in agroecosystems, AMF influence on crop responses to virus infection is underexplored, particularly in woody plant species such as grapevine. Here, a two-year greenhouse experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that AMF alleviate virus-induced oxidative stress in grapevine. The 'Merlot' cultivar was infected with three grapevine-associated viruses and subsequently colonized with two AMF inocula, containing one or three species, respectively. Five and fifteen months after AMF inoculation, lipid peroxidation - LPO as an indicator of oxidative stress and indicators of antioxidative response (proline, ascorbate - AsA, superoxide dismutase - SOD, ascorbate- APX and guaiacol peroxidases - GPOD, polyphenol oxidase - PPO, glutathione reductase - GR) were analysed. Expression of genes coding for a stilbene synthase (STS1), an enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS1) and a lipoxygenase (LOX) were determined in the second harvesting. AMF induced reduction of AsA and SOD over both years, which, combined with not AMF-triggered APX and GR, suggests decreased activation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In the mature phase of the AM symbiosis establishment GPOD emerged as an important mechanism for scavenging H2O2 accumulation. These results, together with reduction in STS1 and increase in EDS1 gene expression, suggest more efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants inoculated with AMF. Composition of AMF inocula was important for proline accumulation. Overall, our study improves the knowledge on ubiquitous grapevine-virus-AMF systems in the field, highlighting that established functional AM symbiosis could reduce virus-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Radić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Rosemary Vuković
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Emanuel Gaši
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Daniel Kujundžić
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Mate Čarija
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National research Council (IBBR-CNR), via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Katarina Hančević
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21 000, Split, Croatia.
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Malik JA, Alqarawi AA, Alotaibi F, Habib MM, Sorrori SN, Almutairi MBR, Dar BA. Alleviation of NaCl Stress on Growth and Biochemical Traits of Cenchrus ciliaris L. via Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1276. [PMID: 39459576 PMCID: PMC11509602 DOI: 10.3390/life14101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth. To mediate and boost plant tolerance against this abiotic stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis is commonly thought to be an effective tool. So, the main purpose of this study was to estimate the role of AMF (applied as a consortium of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatum, and R. intraradices species) symbiosis in mitigating deleterious salt stress effects on the growth parameters (shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), root surface area (RSA), total root length (TRL), root volume (RV), root diameter (RD), number of nodes and leaves) of Cenchrus ciliaris L. plants through improved accumulations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll), proline and phenolic compounds. The results of this experiment revealed that the roots of C. ciliaris plants were colonized by AMF under all the applied salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl). However, the rate of colonization was negatively affected by increasing salinity as depicted by the varied colonization structures (mycelium, vesicles, arbuscules and spores) which were highest under non-saline conditions. This association of AMF induced an increase in the growth parameters of the plant which were reduced by salinity stress. The improved shoot/root indices are likely due to enhanced photosynthetic activities as the AMF-treated plants showed increased accumulation of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), under saline as well as non-saline conditions, compared to non-AMF (N-AMF) plants. Furthermore, the AMF-treated plants also exhibited enhanced accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds. These accumulated metabolites act as protective measures under salinity stress, hence explaining the improved photosynthetic and growth parameters of the plants. These results suggest that AMF could be a good tool for the restoration of salt-affected habitats. However, more research is needed to check the true efficacy of different AMF inoculants under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir A. Malik
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Fahad Alotaibi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.B.R.A.)
| | - Muhammad M. Habib
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Salah N. Sorrori
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Majed B. R. Almutairi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.B.R.A.)
| | - Basharat A. Dar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.M.); (A.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.N.S.)
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Bâ AM, Séne S, Manokari M, Galardis MMB, Sylla SN, Selosse MA, Shekhawat MS. Coccoloba uvifera L. associated with Scleroderma Bermudense Coker: a pantropical ectomycorrhizal symbiosis used in restoring of degraded coastal sand dunes. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01170-8. [PMID: 39367926 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Coccoloba uvifera L. (Polygonacaeae), named also seagrape, is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Caribbean beach tree, introduced pantropically for stabilizing coastal soils and producing edible fruits. This review covers the pantropical distribution and micropropagation of seagrape as well as genetic diversity, functional traits and use of ECM symbioses in response to salinity, both in its native regions and areas where it has been introduced. The ECM fungal diversity associated with seagrape was found to be relatively low in its region of origin, with Scleroderma bermudense Coker being the predominant fungal species. In regions of introduction, seagrape predominantly associated with Scleroderma species, whereas S. bermudense was exclusively identified in Réunion and Senegal. The introduction of S. bermudense is likely through spores adhering to the seed coats of seagrape, suggesting a vertical transmission of ECM colonization in seagrape by S. bermudense. This ECM fungus demonstrated its capacity to enhance salt tolerance in seagrape seedlings by reducing Na concentration and increasing K and Ca levels, consequently promoting higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the tissues of ECM seedlings vs. non-ECM plants in nursery conditions. Moreover, the ECM symbiosis positively influenced growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and water status, which improved the performance of ECM seagrape exposed to salt stress in planting conditions. The standardization of seagrape micropropagation emerges as a crucial tool for propagating homogeneous plant material in nursery and planting conditions. This review also explores the use of the ECM symbiosis between seagrape and S. bermudense as a strategy for restoring degraded coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and West African regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bâ
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Université des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France.
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes UMR113, UM2/CIRAD, IRD/Sup-Agro, Montpellier, France.
- Académie Nationale des Sciences et Techniques du Sénégal, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - S Séne
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M Manokari
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - M M Bullaín Galardis
- Plant Biotechnology Studies Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Carretera Manzanillo, Bayamo, 85100, Cuba
| | - S N Sylla
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
- Département de Biologie végétale, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M A Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, Évolution, Biodiversité, Paris, 75005, France
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - M S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
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Wei H, He W, Mao X, Liao S, Wang Q, Wang Z, Tang M, Xu T, Chen H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous Ca 2+ application synergistically enhance salt and alkali resistance in perennial ryegrass through diverse adaptive strategies. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127906. [PMID: 39321594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of soil salinization and alkalization, with its significant impact on crop productivity, has raised growing concerns with global population growth and enhanced environmental degradation. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca2+) are known to enhance plant resistance to stress, their combined effects on perennial ryegrass' tolerance to salt and alkali stress and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and exogenous Ca2+ application in molecular and physiological responses to salt-alkali stress. AM symbiosis and exogenous Ca2+ application enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic components, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reducing lipid peroxidation while alleviating oxidative damage induced by salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, they enhanced osmotic balance by increasing soluble sugar content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 34∼38 % in shoots and 30∼37 % in roots) under salt stress and organic acid content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 32∼36 % in shoots and 37∼42 % in roots) under alkali stress. Changes in organic solute and inorganic cation-anion contents contributed to ion balance, while hormonal regulation played a role in these protective mechanisms. Moreover, the protective mechanisms involved activation of Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of salt-alkali stress-related genes (including LpNHX1 and LpSOS1), increased ATPase activity, elevated ATP levels, enhanced Na+ extrusion, improved K+ absorption capacity, and a reduced Na+/K+ ratio, all contributing to the protection of photosynthetic pigments and the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, the combined application of exogenous Ca2+ and AMF synergistically alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on perennial ryegrass growth. This finding suggested that exogenous Ca2+ may participate in the colonization of perennial ryegrass plants by R. irregularis, while AM symbiosis may activate Ca2+ pathways. Consequently, the combined treatment of AM and Ca2+ is beneficial for enhancing plant regulatory mechanisms and increasing crop yield under salt-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songkai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, United States.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Jia B, Cui X, Zhang Z, Li X, Hou Y, Luo J, Guo W. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi regulate amino acid metabolism, phytohormones and glycolysis pathway to promote the growth of Suaeda salsa under combined Cd and NaCl stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108921. [PMID: 38991594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of halophytes in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been found to enhance the removal efficacy of heavy metals and salts in heavy metals contaminated saline soil. The mechanisms of AM fungi on promoting halophyte growth and regulating metabolism remain unclear. In this study, combinations of 0 g kg-1 NaCl and 3 mg kg-1 Cd (S0Cd3), 6 g kg-1 NaCl and 3 mg kg-1 Cd (S6Cd3), and 12 g kg-1 NaCl and 3 mg kg-1 Cd (S12Cd3) were employed to explore the impact of Funneliformis mosseae on the growth and metabolism of Suaeda salsa. The results showed that AM fungi increased the biomass and the P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ accumulations, reduced the Cd and Na+ concentrations in S0Cd3 and S6Cd3, and increased the Cd concentrations in S12Cd3. AM fungi inoculation reduced the Cd and Na+ transfer factors and increased the Cd and Na+ accumulations in S6Cd3. The metabolomics of S6Cd3 showed that AM fungi upregulated the expression of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and 3-indoleacid acid in tryptophan metabolism, potentially acting as crucial antioxidants enabling plants to actively cope with abiotic stresses. AM fungi upregulated the expression of arbutin in glycolysis process, enhancing the plants' osmoregulation capacity. AM fungi upregulated the expression of 2-hydroxycinnamic acid in phenylalanine metabolism and dopaquinone in tyrosine metabolism. These two metabolites help effectively remove reactive oxygen species. Correspondingly, AM fungi decreased MDA content and increased soluble sugar content. These results indicate that AM fungi improve the stress resistance of S. salsa by increasing nutrient uptake and regulating physiological and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xi Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhechao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xue Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yazhou Hou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Junqing Luo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Hussain A, Faizan S, Kumari R, Pandey E. Morphological and biochemical responses of Vicia faba (faba beans) grown on fly ash amended soil in the presence of Rhizobium leguminosarum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44361-44373. [PMID: 38949734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the feasibility of Vicia faba grown on different fly ash concentrations (0-30%) and dual inoculation with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Sampling was done 45 days after sowing to analyse the plant growth parameters, photosynthetic attributes (total chlorophyll and carotenoids content), protein content, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, defensive factors (antioxidant activity and proline content) and damage markers (lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and cell viability). The results revealed that the application of fly ash (FA) alone did not result in any significant improvement in growth, biochemical and physiological parameters. However, dual inoculation showed a synergistic impact on legume growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, and cell viability. Rhizobium, AMF and 10% FA showed maximum enhancement in all attributes mentioned. 20% and 30% fly doses showed a reduction in growth, photosynthesis and antioxidants and caused oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation. The results showed that the synergistic or combined interactions between all three variables of the symbiotic relationship (Rhizobium-legume-AMF) boosted plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Hussain
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shahla Faizan
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Rinkee Kumari
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Ekta Pandey
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Terán F, Vives-Peris V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Pérez-Clemente RM. Facing climate change: plant stress mitigation strategies in agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14484. [PMID: 39157905 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture, with rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events threatening crop yields. These changes exceed the adaptability thresholds of many crops, decreasing their yield and threatening food security. At plant physiological levels, climate change-induced stressors disrupt photosynthesis, growth, and reproductive processes, contributing to a reduced productivity. Furthermore, the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture are exacerbated by anthropogenic factors, with agriculture itself contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these challenges, various approaches have been explored. This work reviews the most important physical, chemical, and biological strategies most commonly used in a broad range of agricultural crops. Among physical strategies, increasing water use efficiency without yield reduction through different irrigation strategies, and the use of foliar treatments with reflective properties to mitigate the negative effects of different stresses have been proven to be effective. Concerning chemical approaches, the exogenous treatment of plants with chemicals induces existing molecular and physiological plant defense mechanisms, enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Regarding biological treatments, plant inoculation with mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve enzymatic antioxidant capacity and mineral solubilization, favoring root and plant growth and enhance plant performance under stressful conditions. While these strategies provide valuable short- to medium-term solutions, there is a pressing need for new biotechnological approaches aimed at developing genotypes resistant to stressful conditions. Collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and agricultural stakeholders are essential to ensure global food security in the face of ongoing climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Terán
- Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rosa M Pérez-Clemente
- Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Alsubhi SA, Aljeddani GS, Fallatah TA. Comparative assessment of metabolic, ionic and molecular responsiveness of four facultative halophytes to habitat salinization in the southwest of Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 83:e277342. [PMID: 38422268 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of salinity on some physiological and biochemical pathways of four facultative halophytes (Abutilon pannosum, Indigofera oblongifolia, Senna italica, and Tetraena coccinea) along the southwest coast of Jeddah Governorate. Through a comparative analysis of these plants in both saline and non-saline environments, the study investigates chlorophyll levels, ion concentrations within the plants, the correlation with the SOS1 gene, and the impact of salinity on metabolic compounds. The overarching goal is to gain insights into the adaptive mechanisms of these specific plants to salt stress, providing valuable information for addressing global agricultural challenges associated with salinity. Throughout the study, metabolic, ionic, and molecular responses of these plants were scrutinized in both environments. The findings revealed elevated levels of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in saline habitats, except for Na+ in I. oblongifolia. Despite increased concentrations of Chl b, variations were noted in Chl a and carotenoids in plants exposed to salt. Osmoregulatory patterns in A. pannosum and I. oblongifolia exhibited reversible changes, including heightened protein and proline levels in A. pannosum and decreased levels in I. oblongifolia, accompanied by alterations in amino acids and soluble carbohydrates. Senna italica displayed higher levels of osmolytes, excluding proline, compared to salinized environments, while T. coccinea exhibited lower levels of amino acids. The accumulation of Na+ emerged as the primary mechanism for ionic homeostasis in these plants, with non-significant decreases observed in K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Notably, an overexpression of the SOS1 gene (plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter) was observed as a response to maintaining ionic balance. Understanding these halophytes will be critical in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing crop tolerance to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Alsubhi
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - G S Aljeddani
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Fallatah
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ouhaddou R, Meddich A, Ikan C, Lahlali R, Ait Barka E, Hajirezaei MR, Duponnois R, Baslam M. Enhancing Maize Productivity and Soil Health under Salt Stress through Physiological Adaptation and Metabolic Regulation Using Indigenous Biostimulants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3703. [PMID: 37960059 PMCID: PMC10648834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity poses a persistent threat to agricultural land, continuously jeopardizing global food security. This study aimed to enhance sweet corn (SC) fitness under varying levels of salinity using indigenous biostimulants (BioS) and to assess their impacts on plant performance and soil quality. The experiment included control (0 mM NaCl), moderate stress (MS; 50 mM NaCl), and severe stress (SS; 100 mM NaCl) conditions. Indigenous biostimulants, including compost (C), Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis (R), and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A) were applied either individually or in combination. Growth traits, physiological and biochemical parameters in maize plants, and the physico-chemical properties of their associated soils were assessed. SS negatively affected plant growth and soil quality. The RC combination significantly improved plant growth under SS, increasing aerial (238%) and root (220%) dry weights compared to controls. This treatment reduced hydrogen peroxide by 54% and increased peroxidase activity by 46% compared to controls. The indigenous biostimulants, particularly C and R, enhanced soil structure and mineral composition (K and Mg). Soil organic carbon and available phosphorus increased notably in C-treated soils. Furthermore, RC (437%) and CAR (354%) treatments exhibited a significant increase in glomalin content under SS. Indigenous biostimulants offer a promising strategy to mitigate salinity-related threats to agricultural land. They improve plant fitness, fine-tune metabolism, and reduce oxidative stress. In addition, the biostimulants improved the soil structure and mineral composition, highlighting their potential for reconstitution and sustainability in salt-affected areas. This approach holds promise for addressing salinity-related threats to global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Ouhaddou
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Chayma Ikan
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Robin Duponnois
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales & Méditerranéennes UMR 113 IRD/CIRAD/INRAe/SupAgro Montpellier/UM Campus International de Baillarguet TA A-82/J, CEDEX 5, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-7 CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 07516, Republic of Korea
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Barajas González JA, Carrillo-González R, González-Chávez MDCA, Chimal Sánchez E, Tapia Maruri D. Selection of Salinity-Adapted Endorhizal Fungal Consortia from Two Inoculum Sources and Six Halophyte Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:893. [PMID: 37755001 PMCID: PMC10533040 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a limiting factor in crop productivity. Inoculating crops with microorganisms adapted to salt stress is an alternative to increasing plant salinity tolerance. Few studies have simultaneously propagated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate fungi (DSF) using different sources of native inoculum from halophyte plants and evaluated their effectiveness. In alfalfa plants as trap culture, this study assessed the infectivity of 38 microbial consortia native from rhizosphere soil (19) or roots (19) from six halophyte plants, as well as their effectiveness in mitigating salinity stress. Inoculation with soil resulted in 26-56% colonization by AMF and 12-32% by DSF. Root inoculation produced 10-56% and 8-24% colonization by AMF and DSF, respectively. There was no difference in the number of spores of AMF produced with both inoculum types. The effective consortia were selected based on low Na but high P and K shoot concentrations that are variable and are relevant for plant nutrition and salt stress mitigation. This microbial consortia selection may be a novel and applicable model, which would allow the production of native microbial inoculants adapted to salinity to diminish the harmful effects of salinity stress in glycophyte plants in the context of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Adrián Barajas González
- Programa en Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico; (J.A.B.G.); (R.C.-G.)
| | - Rogelio Carrillo-González
- Programa en Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico; (J.A.B.G.); (R.C.-G.)
| | | | - Eduardo Chimal Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Ecología Vegetal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM Campus 1, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Tapia Maruri
- Centro de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Mexico;
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11
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Sharma K, Kapoor R. Arbuscular mycorrhiza differentially adjusts central carbon metabolism in two contrasting genotypes of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in response to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111706. [PMID: 37054921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) mediated metabolic changes in two genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata) differing in their salt tolerance in presence of salt stress (100 mM NaCl). Colonisation by Claroideoglomus etunicatum resulted in higher growth, photosynthetic efficiency, total protein content, and lower levels of stress markers, indicating alleviation of stress in mungbean plants. AM differentially upregulated the components of Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in salt tolerant (ST) and salt sensitive (SS) genotypes that could be correlated to AM-mediated moderation in nutrient uptake. Under salt stress, while maximum increase in the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (65%) was observed in mycorrhizal (M)-ST; the increase in isocitrate dehydrogenase (79%) and fumarase (133%) activities was maximum in M-SS plants over their non-mycorrhizal (NM) counterparts. Apart from TCA, AM also affected gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glyoxylate pathways. Activities of enzymes implicated in GABA shunt increased in both the genotypes under stress resulting in increase in GABA concentration (46%). Notably, glyoxylate pathway was induced by AM in SS only, wherein M-SS exhibited significantly higher isocitrate lyase (49%) and malate synthase (104%) activities, reflected in higher malic acid concentration (84%), than NM under stress. The results suggest that AM moderates the central carbon metabolism and strategizes towards boosting the formation of stress-alleviating metabolites such as GABA and malic acid, especially in SS, bypassing the steps catalysed by salt-sensitive enzymes in TCA cycle. The study, therefore, advances the understanding on mechanisms by which AM ameliorates salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India.
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12
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Ashwin R, Bagyaraj DJ, Mohan Raju B. Ameliorating the drought stress tolerance of a susceptible soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 through dual inoculation with selected rhizobia and AM fungus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 37138367 PMCID: PMC10158380 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is currently the primary abiotic stress factor for crop loss worldwide. Although drought stress reduces the crop yield significantly, species and genotypes differ in their stress response; some tolerate the stress effect while others not. In several systems, it has been shown that, some of the beneficial soil microbes ameliorate the stress effect and thereby, minimizing yield losses under stress conditions. Realizing the importance of beneficial soil microbes, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of selected microbial inoculants namely, N-fixing bacteria, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and P-supplying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Ambispora leptoticha on growth and performance of a drought susceptible and high yielding soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 under drought condition. RESULTS Drought stress imposed during flowering and pod filling stages showed that, dual inoculation consisting of B. liaoningense and A. leptoticha improved the physiological and biometric characteristics including nutrient uptake and yield under drought conditions. Inoculated plants showed an increased number of pods and pod weight per plant by 19% and 34% respectively, while the number of seeds and seed weight per plant increased by 17% and 32% respectively over un-inoculated plants under drought stress condition. Further, the inoculated plants showed higher chlorophyll and osmolyte content, higher detoxifying enzyme activity, and higher cell viability because of less membrane damage compared to un-inoculated plants under stress condition. In addition, they also showed higher water use efficiency coupled with more nutrients accumulation besides exhibiting higher load of beneficial microbes. CONCLUSION Dual inoculation of soybean plants with beneficial microbes would alleviate the drought stress effects, thereby allowing normal plants' growth under stress condition. The study therefore, infers that AM fungal and rhizobia inoculation seems to be necessary when soybean is to be cultivated under drought or water limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revanna Ashwin
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
- Centre for Research and Development (CRD), PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613403, India
| | - Davis Joseph Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India.
| | - Basavaiah Mohan Raju
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
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13
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Gul H, Ali R, Rauf M, Hamayun M, Arif M, Khan SA, Parveen Z, Alrefaei AF, Lee IJ. Aspergillus welwitschiae BK Isolate Ameliorates the Physicochemical Characteristics and Mineral Profile of Maize under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1703. [PMID: 37111926 PMCID: PMC10145286 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors are global limiting constraints for plant growth and development. The most severe abiotic factor for plant growth suppression is salt. Among many field crops, maize is more vulnerable to salt, which inhibits the growth and development of plants and results in low productivity or even crop loss under extreme salinity. Consequently, comprehending the effects of salt stress on maize crop improvement, while retaining high productivity and applying mitigation strategies, is essential for achieving the long-term objective of sustainable food security. This study aimed to exploit the endophytic fungal microbe; Aspergillus welwitschiae BK isolate for the growth promotion of maize under severe salinity stress. Current findings showed that salt stress (200 mM) negatively affected chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, and endogenous IAA, with enhanced values of chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids, total protein, total sugars, total lipids, secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoids, tannins), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), proline content, and lipid peroxidation in maize plants. However, BK inoculation reversed the negative impact of salt stress by rebalancing the chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids, total protein, total sugars, total lipids, secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoids, tannins), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and proline content to optimal levels suitable for growth promotion and ameliorating salt stress in maize plants. Furthermore, maize plants inoculated with BK under salt stress had lower Na+, Cl- concentrations, lower Na+/K+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios, and higher N, P, Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ content than non-inoculated plants. The BK isolate improved the salt tolerance by modulating physiochemical attributes, and the root-to-shoot translocation of ions and mineral elements, thereby rebalancing the Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+ ratio of maize plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (H.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Raid Ali
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (H.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (H.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (H.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | | | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang B, Shi F, Zheng X, Pan H, Wen Y, Song F. Effects of AMF Compound Inoculants on Growth, Ion Homeostasis, and Salt Tolerance-Related Gene Expression in Oryza sativa L. Under Salt Treatments. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 37036613 PMCID: PMC10086084 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased soil salinization is among the main factors that limits safe rice production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to alleviate the toxic effects of salt stress in plants. However, more studies on AMF combined with other functional microorganisms are needed to further improve salt tolerance in rice. Therefore, the compound inoculum Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) together with two functional microorganisms, Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Ar) was evaluated for their effect on the rice growth, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, ion homeostasis, and the expression of salt tolerance-related genes under 0, 80, 120 and 160 mM salt stress conditions. The results showed that: (1) the rice seedling biomass of the AMF compound inoculant treatment group was significantly higher than that of the non-inoculation treatment group (P < 0.05); (2) under NaCl stress, inoculation with AMF compound inoculants can activate the rice antioxidant enzyme system and improve osmoregulation ability; (3) AMF compound inoculants can increase the concentration of K+ in the plant and inhibit the transfer of Na+ to rice leaves, maintaining a high K+/Na+; and (4) AMF compound inoculants could induce and regulate the overexpression of genes related to salt tolerance, photosynthesis and ion homeostasis in rice, and improve the tolerance of rice under salt stress. Our study showed that AMF compound inoculants could improve the adaptability of rice under NaCl stress and promote plant growth by regulating the photosynthetic gas exchange parameter, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, and ion homeostasis of plants. These results suggest that AMF compound inoculants may play an important role in improving rice productivity in salinized soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
| | - Feng Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
| | - Hongyang Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
| | - Yuqiang Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080 China
- Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, 272400 Shandong China
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15
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Afshar AS, Abbaspour H. Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviate salinity stress in pistachio plants by altering gene expression and antioxidant pathways. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:263-276. [PMID: 36875732 PMCID: PMC9981847 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how inoculation of salt-stressed Pistacia vera seedlings with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), affects their biomass, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression. Pistachio seedlings (N:36) were randomly assigned to AMF inoculation and non-inoculation groups in a pot experiment with 9 replications. Each group was further divided and randomly assigned to two salinity treatments (0 and 300 mM NaCl). At the end of week 4, three pistachio plantlets were randomly selected from each group for Rhizophagus irregularis colonization inspection, physiological and biochemical assays, and biomass measurements. Salinity activated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the pistachio plants were studied. The negative effects of salinity included reduced biomass and relative water content (RWC), increased O2 ·-, H2O2, MDA, and electrolytic leakage. Generally, Rhizophagus irregularis was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in pistachio seedlings. AMF inoculation resulted in even further increases in the activities of SODs, POD, CAT, and GR enzymes, upregulating Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GR genes expression in plants under salinity stress. Moreover, AMF significantly increased AsA, α-tocopherol, and carotenoids under both control and salinity conditions. The study concludes with a call for future research into the mechanisms of mycorrhiza-induced tolerance in plants under salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Abbaspour
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Wang Y, Zhang N, Wu A, Lv Z, Li Y. Effect of benomyl-mediated mycorrhizal association on the salinity tolerance of male and monoecious mulberry clones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:67-76. [PMID: 36603450 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is an economically important crop for sericulture in China. Mulberry plantations are shifting inland, where they face high salinity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reportedly enhance mulberry's tolerance to salinity. Here, we assessed if additional adaptive advantages against salinity are provided by sex differences beyond those provided by mycorrhizal symbiosis. In a pot experiment, male and monoecious plants were exposed to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and two mycorrhiza-suppressed conditions (with or without benomyl application) for more than 16 months. We noticed that salinity alone significantly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization rate, salinity tolerance, K+ concentrations, and the ionic ratios of all plants. Mycorrhizal association mildly ameliorated the salt-induced detrimental effects, especially for monoecious plants, and sex-specific responses were observed. Meanwhile, both sexes had adopted different strategies to enhance their salinity resistance. Briefly, mycorrhizal monoecious plants exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate and lower translocation of Na+ from root to shoot compared with mycorrhizal males under saline conditions. Their salt tolerance was probably due to the Ca2+/Na+ in roots. In comparison, male plants exhibited lower Na+ acquisition, more Na+ translocated from root to shoot, higher root biomass allocation, and higher N concentrations under harsh saline conditions, and their salt tolerance was mainly related to the K+/Na+ in their shoots. In conclusion, our results highlight that AMF could be a promising candidate for improving plant performance under highest salinity, especially for monoecious plants. Cultivators must be mindful of applying fungicides, such as benomyl, in saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Boosting Sustainable Agriculture by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress Condition: Mechanism and Future Prospective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5275449. [PMID: 36619307 PMCID: PMC9815931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5275449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global agriculture is frequently subjected to stresses from increased salt content, drought, heavy metals, and other factors, which limit plant growth and production, deteriorate soil health, and constitute a severe danger to global food security. Development of environmentally acceptable mitigation techniques against stresses and restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields is essential. Therefore, eco-friendly practises must be kept to prevent the detrimental impacts of stress on agricultural regions. The advanced metabolic machinery needed to handle this issue is not now existent in plants to deal against the stresses. Research has shown that the key role and mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to enhance plant nutrient uptake, immobilisation and translocation of heavy metals, and plant growth-promoting attributes may be suitable agents for plant growth under diversed stressed condition. The successful symbiosis and the functional relationship between the plant and AMF may build the protective regulatory mechansm against the key challenge in particular stress. AMF's compatibility with hyperaccumulator plants has also been supported by studies on gene regulation and theoretical arguments. In order to address this account, the present review included reducing the impacts of biotic and abiotic stress through AMF, the mechanisms of AMF to improve the host plant's capacity to endure stress, and the strategies employed by AM fungus to support plant survival in stressful conditions.
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18
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Hsieh C, Chen YH, Chang KC, Yang SY. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms for mycorrhiza-enhanced salt tolerance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072171. [PMID: 36600910 PMCID: PMC9806932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the global population relies on rice as a staple food, but salinization of soil presents a great threat to rice cultivation. Although previous studies have addressed the possible benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis for rice under salinity stress, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we found that mycorrhizal rice had better shoot and reproductive growth and a significantly higher K+/Na+ ratio in the shoot. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity in rice shoots was also improved by AM symbiosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms required for AM-improved salt tolerance, transcriptome analysis revealing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the response to AM symbiosis, salinity or specific tissue was performed. Thirteen percent of DEGs showed tissue-preferred responses to both AM symbiosis and salt stress and might be the key genes contributing to AM-enhanced salt tolerance. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified GO terms specifically appearing in this category, including cell wall, oxidoreductase activity, reproduction and ester-related terms. Interestingly, GO terms related to phosphate (Pi) homeostasis were also found, suggesting the possible role of the Pi-related signaling pathway involved in AM-enhanced salt tolerance. Intriguingly, under nonsaline conditions, AM symbiosis influenced the expression of these genes in a similar way as salinity, especially in the shoots. Overall, our results indicate that AM symbiosis may possibly use a multipronged approach to influence gene expression in a way similar to salinity, and this modification could help plants be prepared for salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsieh
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Yang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Insights into the molecular aspects of salt stress tolerance in mycorrhizal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:253. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Farghaly FA, Nafady NA, Abdel-Wahab DA. The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhiza in increasing tolerance of Triticum aestivum L. to alkaline stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:490. [PMID: 36253754 PMCID: PMC9575269 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of native soil microbes is a realistic way to develop bio-agents for ecological restoration. Soil alkalinity, which has a high pH, is one of the most common concerns in dry and semi-arid climates. Alkaline soils face problems due to poor physical properties, which affect plant growth and crop production. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of native mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) under two levels of alkalinity stress -T1 (37 mM NaHCO3), T2 (74 mM NaHCO3) - at two developmental stages (the vegetative and productive stages). RESULTS Alkalinity stress significantly inhibited the germination percentage, plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and some nutrients (K, N, and P). Mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth parameters and productivity of wheat-stressed plants. However, lipid peroxidation was significantly lowered in mycorrhizal-inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants. Catalase and peroxidase were inhibited in wheat leaves and roots by alkalinity, while mycorrhiza promoted the activity of these enzymes. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that alkalinity stress had highly negative effects on some growth parameters of the wheat plant, while AMF inoculation attenuated these detrimental effects of alkalinity stress at two stages by reducing the pH and Na concentration and increasing the availability of P and the productivity of wheat in particular crop yield parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aly Farghaly
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Nivien Allam Nafady
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Dalia Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El Kharja, Egypt.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W. Sustainable Approaches to Boost Yield and Chemical Constituents of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants by Application of Biostimulants. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2022; 13:RAFNA-EPUB-126745. [PMID: 36200191 DOI: 10.2174/2772574x13666221004151822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biostimulants consist of natural ingredients, metabolites of fermentation, micro-organisms, algae or plant extracts, bacteria, mushrooms, humus substances, amino acids, biomolecules, etc. Methods: In this study, all relevant English-language articles were collected. The literature was reviewed using the keywords of biostimulant, medicinal plant, aromatic plant, natural products, and pharmaceutical benefits from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. RESULTS The significant and promoting impact of biostimulants has been reported for different medicinal and aromatic plants, such as salicylic acid for ajuga, artichoke, ajwain, basil, common rue, common sage, common thyme, coneflower, coriander, dendrobium, desert Indian wheat, dragonhead, fennel, fenugreek, feverfew, ginger, groundnut, guava, henna, Iranian soda, lavender, lemon balm, lemongrass, Malabar spinach; seaweed extract on almond, bird, s eye chili; amino acids on artemisia, broccoli, chamomile, beneficial bacteria on ashwagandha; humic acid on black cumin, cannabis, chicory, garlic, gerbera, Hungarian vetch, Moldavian dragonhead, niger plant; chitosan on dragon fruit, marigold, milk thistle, etc. The suggested mechanisms include the stimulatory impacts on the activity of enzymes involved in different biosynthetic processes, the hormone-like activity of biostimulant compounds and the improvement of nutrient uptake of plants. CONCLUSION The current manuscript gives many examples of the potential of biostimulants for medicinal and aromatic plant production. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of different biostimulants and foliar applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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22
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and humic substances increased the salinity tolerance of rice plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Dual inoculation with Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and Ambispora leptoticha improves drought stress tolerance and Productivity in soybean cultivars, MAUS 2 and DSR 12. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Application of Indigenous Rhizospheric Microorganisms and Local Compost as Enhancers of Lettuce Growth, Development, and Salt Stress Tolerance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081625. [PMID: 36014043 PMCID: PMC9416567 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to mitigate salt stress effects on lettuce by using native biostimulants (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M, consortium), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (R, Z2, and Z4 strains), and compost (C)) applied alone or in combination under salinity stress (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl). Physiological, biochemical, nutritional, mycorrhizal, growth, and soil characteristics were evaluated. Results revealed that growth and physiological traits were negatively affected by salinity. However, mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced under 100 mM NaCl after compost application. The applied biostimulants, particularly M and/or R improved the salinity tolerance of lettuce by increasing the dry biomass by 119% and 113% under 100 mM NaCl, respectively, for M and MR treatments. Similarly, MR enhanced stomatal conductance (47%), water content (260%), total chlorophyll (130%), phosphorus content (363%), and reduced the malondialdehyde (54%) and hydrogen peroxide (78%) compared to the control. Moreover, peroxidase activity (76%) and sugar content (36%) were enhanced by CM treatment, while protein (111%) and proline (104%) contents were significantly boosted by R treatment under 100 mM NaCl. Furthermore, glomalin content was enhanced by MR treatment under severe salinity. In conclusion, the applied biostimulants alone or in combination might help lettuce to tolerate salt stress and enhance its production in degraded areas.
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Ali R, Gul H, Rauf M, Arif M, Hamayun M, Husna, Khilji SA, Ud-Din A, Sajid ZA, Lee IJ. Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungus ( Stemphylium lycopersici) Ameliorates Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize by Balancing Ionic and Metabolic Status. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890565. [PMID: 35898220 PMCID: PMC9311153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major cause of the world's food security problems, and soil salinity is a severe hazard for a variety of crops. The exploitation of endophytic fungi that are known to have a positive association with plant roots is preferred for improving plant growth, yield, and overall performance under salt stress. The current study thus rationalized to address how salt stress affected the growth, biochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the ionic status of maize associated with endophytic fungus (Stemphylium lycopersici). According to the findings, salt stress reduced chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, total protein, sugars, lipids, and endogenous IAA levels. Enhanced values of chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids, secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoids, and tannins), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), proline, and lipid peroxidation were noticed in maize plants under salt stress. Increased ionic content of Na+, Cl-, Na+/K+, and Na+/Ca2+ ratio, as well as decreased Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, N, and P contents, were also found in salt-stressed maize plants. In comparison to the non-saline medium, endophytic association promoted the antioxidant enzyme activities (798.7 U/g protein; catalase activity, 106 U/g protein; ascorbate peroxidase activity), IAA content (3.47 mg/g FW), and phenolics and flavonoids (88 and 1.68 μg/g FW, respectively), and decreased MDA content (0.016 nmol/g FW), Na+ ion content (18 mg/g dry weight), Cl- ion (16.6 mg/g dry weight), and Na+/K+ (0.78) and Na+/Ca2+ (1.79) ratios, in maize plants under salt stress, whereas Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, N, and P contents were increased in maize plants associated with S. lycopersici under salt stress. Current research exposed the role of S. lycopersici as an effective natural salt stress reducer and maize growth promoter; hence, it can be used as a biofertilizer to ameliorate salt stress tolerance in crops along with better growth performance in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Ali
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gul
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Husna
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sheza Ayaz Khilji
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ud-Din
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis to Enhance Plant–Soil Interaction. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with plants; a symbiotic relationship is one in which both partners benefit from each other. Fungi benefit plants by improving uptake of water and nutrients, especially phosphorous, while plants provide 10–20% of their photosynthates to fungus. AMF tend to make associations with 85% of plant families and play a significant role in the sustainability of an ecosystem. Plants’ growth and productivity are negatively affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. AMF proved to enhance plants’ tolerance against various stresses, such as drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. There are some obstacles impeding the beneficial formation of AMF communities, such as heavy tillage practices, high fertilizer rates, unchecked pesticide application, and monocultures. Keeping in view the stress-extenuation potential of AMF, the present review sheds light on their role in reducing erosion, nutrient leaching, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In addition, recent advances in commercial production of AMF are discussed.
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Gritli T, Boubakri H, Essahibi A, Hsouna J, Ilahi H, Didier R, Mnasri B. Salt stress mitigation in Lathyrus cicera by combining different microbial inocula. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1191-1206. [PMID: 35910445 PMCID: PMC9334493 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arid and semi-arid areas are considered vulnerable to various environmental constraints which are further fortified by climate change. Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic factors affecting crop yield and soil fertility. Till now, no information is available on the effect of salinity on development and symbiotic nitrogen (N2) fixation in the legume species Lathyrus cicera. Here, we evaluated the effect of different microbial inocula including nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium laguerreae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis, a complex mixed inoculum of AMF isolated from rhizospheric soil in "Al Aitha", and various plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) including Bacillus subtilus, Bacillus simplex and Bacillus megaterium combined with Rhizobium, the AMF consortium, or R. irregularis on alleviating salt stress in this legume. A pot trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of different microbial inocula to mitigate adverse effects of salinity on L. cicera plants. The results showed that salinity (100 mM NaCl) significantly reduced L. cicera plant growth. However, inoculation with different inocula enhanced plant growth and markedly promoted various biochemical traits. Moreover, the combined use of PGPB and AMF was found to be the most effective treatment in mitigating deleterious effects of salinity stress on L. cicera. In addition, this co-inoculation upregulated the expression of two marker genes (LcHKT1 and LcNHX7) related to salinity tolerance. Our findings suggest that the AMF/PGPB formulation has a great potential to be used as a biofertilizer to improve L. cicera plant growth and productivity under saline conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01205-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Gritli
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Boubakri
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Jihed Hsouna
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Houda Ilahi
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Reinhardt Didier
- Department of Biology, Rte. Albert-Gockel 3, CH- 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bacem Mnasri
- Laboratory of Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Azizi S, Tabari M, Abad ARFN, Ammer C, Guidi L, Bader MKF. Soil Inoculation With Beneficial Microbes Buffers Negative Drought Effects on Biomass, Nutrients, and Water Relations of Common Myrtle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892826. [PMID: 35712598 PMCID: PMC9196245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Common myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) occurs in (semi-)arid areas of the Palearctic region where climate change, over-exploitation, and habitat destruction imperil its existence. The evergreen shrub is of great economic and ecological importance due to its pharmaceutical value, ornamental use, and its role in urban greening and habitat restoration initiatives. Under greenhouse conditions, we investigated the effect of soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on biomass allocation, water relations, and nutritional status of drought-stressed myrtle seedlings. Single and dual AMF (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) and PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida) soil inoculations were applied to myrtle seedlings growing under different soil water regimes (100, 60, and 30% of field capacity) for 6 months using a full factorial, completely randomized design. AMF and PGPR treatments, especially dual inoculations, alleviated negative drought effects on biomass and morpho-physiological traits, except for water-use efficiency, which peaked under severe drought conditions. Under the greatest soil water deficit, dual inoculations promoted leaf biomass (104%-108%), root biomass (56%-73%), mesophyll conductance (58%), and relative water content (1.4-fold) compared to non-inoculated controls. Particularly, dual AMF and PGPR inoculations stimulated nutrient dynamics in roots (N: 138%-151%, P: 176%-181%, K: 112%-114%, Ca: 124%-136%, and Mg: 130%-140%) and leaves (N: 101%-107%, P: 143%-149%, K: 83%-84%, Ca: 98%-107%, and Mg: 102%-106%). Our findings highlight soil inoculations with beneficial microbes as a cost-effective way to produce highly drought resistant seedling stock which is vital for restoring natural myrtle habitats and for future-proofing myrtle crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Azizi
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tabari
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fallah Nosrat Abad
- Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin K.-F. Bader
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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The Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Enhance Maize Growth and Modulate Root Metabolome under Increasing Soil Salinity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051042. [PMID: 35630484 PMCID: PMC9142908 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma longibrachiatum sp. are free-living filamentous fungi which are common in agro-ecosystems. However, few studies thus far have examined the interaction between Trichoderma longibrachiatum and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in saline soil and their potential for improving plant stress tolerance. Here, single, dual-inoculated (T. longibrachiatum MF, AM fungal community or Glomus sp.), and non-inoculated maize (Zea may L.) were subjected to different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 mM NaCl) to test the synergistic effects of dual inoculants on maize plants in different salt stress conditions. Plant performance and metabolic profiles were compared to find the molecular mechanisms underlying plant protection against salt stress. The first experiment revealed that dual inoculation of an AM fungal community and T. longibrachiatum MF improved the biomass and K+/Na+ ratio in maize under non-saline conditions, and generally enhanced AM fungal growth in root and soil under all but the 225 mM NaCl conditions. However, MF inoculant did not influence the structure of AM fungal communities in maize roots. In the second experiment, dual inoculation of Glomus sp. and T. longibrachiatum MF increased maize plant biomass, K+/Na+ ratio, and AM fungal growth in root and soil significantly at both 0 and 75 mM NaCl conditions. We identified metabolic compounds differentially accumulated in dual-inoculated maize that may underline their enhanced maize plant tolerance to increasing soil salinity. Our data suggested that the combination of Glomus sp. and T.longibrachiatum leads to interactions, which may play a potential role in alleviating the stress and improve crop productivity in salt-affected soils.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Promote Gleditsia sinensis Root Growth under Salt Stress by Regulating Nutrient Uptake and Physiology. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Towards the improvement of plant productivity in saline–alkali soils, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is an intensive topic of research. For this study, three inoculation treatments, namely, autoclaved AMF inocula (CK), Funneliformis mosseae (FM), and Corymbiglomus tortuosum (CT), and four NaCl levels, namely, 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM were established to investigate the growth and physiological responses of mycorrhizal Gleditsia sinensis Lam. root systems to increase salinity through root dry weight, morphology, nutrient content, and physiology, and soil nutrient content. As NaCl levels increased, root dry weight, morphology, and nutrient content under the CK treatment exhibited a downward trend, while FM and CT treatments weakened this trend and significantly improved root dry weight and morphology, which increased by more than 200%. Under high NaCl levels, root activity under the FM treatment was significantly higher than that under the CK, with an average increase of 120.86%. In contrast to the activity of nitrate reductase, niacinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity under CK was significantly less than that in FM and CT treatments. Moreover, inoculation with AMF significantly affected soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP), while NaCl had no significant impact on soil nutrients. Further, both soil salinity and mycorrhizal colonization rate had significant direct effects on root growth. However, soil salinity primarily influenced root growth through indirect effects on root nitrogen content, while mycorrhizal colonization rate indirectly impacted root nitrate reductase activity, and root nitrogen and phosphorus content. Our results suggested that the use of suitable AMF (e.g., Funneliformis mosseae) might effectively improve the currently unfavorable situation of economic tree species production on land with saline soils, which may greatly optimize the utility of these areas.
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He X, Shao C, Wu A, Xia L, Li T, Pei J, Zhang N, Wang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient acquisition and reduce aluminum toxicity in Lespedeza formosa under acid rain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29904-29916. [PMID: 34994937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lespedeza formosa is an economically important shrub in the agroecosystems of southern China, where acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental issue. However, the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in adapting the plants to AR stress are poorly understood. In this study, L. formosa seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse, where the inoculated (colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis and Diversispora versiformis, alone and in combination) and non-inoculated plants were treated with three AR regimes (pH 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5) to evaluate the roles of AMF under acidic conditions. The results showed that AR individually suppressed plant growth by inhibiting photosynthetic parameters and induced Al phytotoxicity in non-mycorrhizal plants. However, mycorrhizal inoculation, especially in combination, significantly increased the total dry weight, photosynthetic capabilities, shoot nitrogen (N) concentration (average 15.8 and 16.7 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) and plant phosphorus (P) concentration (average 1.6 and 2.3 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) at pH 4.0, reduced N/P ratio (average 9.5 and 6.9 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, respectively) at pH 4.0, and protected roots against Al phytotoxicity (average 2.0 and 1.4 mg g-1 for non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots, respectively), indicating that AMF could mitigate some of the detrimental effects of AR. Moreover, our findings suggest that AMF mainly benefited the plant through the combined effects of N concentrations and N/P ratios in shoots and Al3+ concentrations in roots under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changliang Shao
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jia Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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Wang H, An T, Huang D, Liu R, Xu B, Zhang S, Deng X, Siddique KHM, Chen Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na +/K + ratio. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:457. [PMID: 34620078 PMCID: PMC8499542 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na+ and K+ contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na+ and/or K+ uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations. RESULTS Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na+ ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1, ZmHKT1, and ZmNHX). This induced a relatively higher Na+ efflux (recirculating) rate than K+ in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na+ influx rate than K+) in AM roots. The higher K+: Na+ ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. CONCLUSION AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na+ shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na+/K+ distribution between shoots and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runjin Liu
- Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Bingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Yinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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Application of Zinc Fertilizer and Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Wheat Grown under Water-Stressed Environment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131911007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress and poor zinc (Zn) are major constraints for commercial agriculture. Their detrimental effects significantly decrease crop’s growth and yield. Less water uptake disturbs the metabolic processes in plants. However, the deficiency of Zn leads to the inactivation of many enzymes. It is well documented that cereal crops, especially wheat, are susceptible to drought and Zn deficiency. Scientists suggest the supplementation of Zn along bio-fertilizers for the sustainable management of these issues. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore the best combination of Zn and bio-fertilizer for wheat. There were two different recommended concentrations of Zn sulfate (Zinc level 1 (Zn1) = 20 and Zinc level 2 (Zn2) = 40 kg ha−1) applied under normal irrigation (75% field capacity = FC) and severe drought stress (40% FC). Sole and combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) with Zn1 and Zn2 was also performed. Osmotic stress (40% FC) significantly decreased the examined growth parameters. It also significantly enhanced antioxidant and oxidative indicators in wheat. A significant increase in root fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot length while a significant decrease in EL, SOD, POD over the control validated the efficacious role of Zn2 + AM. It is concluded that Zn2 + AM can improve wheat root fresh weight and root length wheat under 40% FC. Under different climatic zones, wheat varieties, and soil types, more investigations are recommended to declare Zn2 + AM as the best amendment for improving wheat growth attributes under osmotic stress.
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Abbaspour H, Pour FSN, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates the physiological responses, ion distribution and relevant gene expression to trigger salt stress tolerance in pistachio. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1765-1778. [PMID: 34539115 PMCID: PMC8405761 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is generally considered effective in ameliorating plant tolerance to abiotic stress by altering gene expression, and evaluation of genes involved in ion homeostasis and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to use arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) to alleviate salinity stress and analyse relevant gene expression in pistachio plants under No/NaCl stress in greenhouse conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was used to study the physiological responses, ion distribution and relevant gene expression in pistachio plants under salinity stress. After four months of symbiosis, mycorrhizal root colonization showed a significant reduction in all tested parameters under salt stress treatment compared to non-saline treatment. Salinity affected the morphological traits, and decreased the nutrient content including N, P, Mg and Fe as well as K/Na and Ca/Na ratios, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), and increased the concentration of K, Ca and Na nutrient, glycine betaine, ROS and MDA. Inoculation of seedlings with AMF mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth as indicated by increasing the root colonization, morphological traits, glycine betaine, RWC and MSI. Specifically, under salinity stress, shoot and root dry weight, P and Fe nutrient content, K/Na and Ca/Na ratio of AMF plants were increased by 53.2, 48.6, 71.6, 60.2, 87.5, and 80.1% respectively, in contrast to those of the NMF plants. The contents of Na, O2•- and MDA in AMF plants were significantly decreased by 66.8, 36.8, and 23.1%, respectively at 250 mM NaCl. Moreover, salinity markedly increased SOS1, CCX2 and SKOR genes expression and the inoculation with AMF modulated these genes expression; however, NRT2.4, PHO1 and PIP2.4 gene expressions were increased by salinity and AMF. It could be concluded that inoculation of AMF with Rhizophagus irregularis conferred a larger endurance towards soil salinity in pistachio plants and stimulate the nutrient uptake and ionic homeostasis maintenance, superior RWC and osmoprotection, toxic ion partitioning, maintaining membrane integrity and the ion-relevant genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Abbaspour
- Biology Department, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh S. N. Pour
- Biology Department, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
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Genetic variability assessment of 127 Triticum turgidum L. accessions for mycorrhizal susceptibility-related traits detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13426. [PMID: 34183734 PMCID: PMC8239029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-wheat plant symbiosis have been well discussed by research, while the actual role of the single wheat genotype in establishing this type of association is still poorly investigated. In this work, the genetic diversity of Triticum turgidum wheats was exploited to detect roots susceptibility to AMF and to identify genetic markers in linkage with chromosome regions involved in this symbiosis. A tetraploid wheat collection of 127 accessions was genotyped using 35K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and inoculated with the AMF species Funneliformis mosseae (F. mosseae) and Rhizoglomus irregulare (R. irregulare), and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted. Six clusters of genetically related accessions were identified, showing a different mycorrhizal colonization among them. GWAS revealed four significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B and 6A. The results of this work enrich future breeding activities aimed at developing new grains on the basis of genetic diversity on low or high susceptibility to mycorrhization, and, possibly, maximizing the symbiotic effects.
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Jangir P, Kapoor R. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642101. [PMID: 34220878 PMCID: PMC8247573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses of (a)biotic origin induce the production of multitudinous compounds (metabolites and proteins) as protective defense mechanisms in plants. On account of the regulation of some of these compounds, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reinforce the inherent tolerance of plants toward the stress of different origins and kind. This article reviews two specific fundamental mechanisms that are categorically associated with mycorrhiza in alleviating major abiotic stresses, salt, drought, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. It puts emphasis on aquaporins (AQPs), the conduits of water and stress signals; and polyamines (PAs), the primordial stress molecules, which are regulated by AMF to assure water, nutrient, ion, and redox homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, AMF-mediated host AQP responses register distinct patterns: an upregulation to encourage water and nutrient uptake; a downregulation to restrict water loss and HM uptake; or no alterations. The patterns thereof are apparently an integrative outcome of the duration, intensity, and type of stress, AMF species, the interaction of fungal AQPs with that of plants, and the host type. However, the cellular and molecular bases of mycorrhizal influence on host AQPs are largely unexplored. The roles of PAs in augmenting the antioxidant defense system and improving the tolerance against oxidative stress are well-evident. However, the precise mechanism by which mycorrhiza accords stress tolerance by influencing the PA metabolism per se is abstruse and broadly variable under different stresses and plant species. This review comprehensively analyzes the current state-of-art of the involvement of AMF in "PA and AQP modulation" under abiotic stress and identifies the lesser-explored landscapes, gaps in understanding, and the accompanying challenges. Finally, this review outlines the prospects of AMF in realizing sustainable agriculture and provides insights into potential thrust areas of research on AMF and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Chandrasekaran M, Boopathi T, Manivannan P. Comprehensive Assessment of Ameliorative Effects of AMF in Alleviating Abiotic Stress in Tomato Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:303. [PMID: 33921098 PMCID: PMC8071382 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth and food necessity envisaged the dire need for supplementation to a larger community balance in food production. With the advent of the green revolution, agriculture witnessed the insurrection of horticultural fruit crops and field crops in enormous modes. Nevertheless, chemical fertilizer usage foresees soil pollution and fertility loss. Utilization of biocontrol agents and plant growth promotion by microbial colonization enrooted significant restoration benefits. Constant reliability for healthy foods has been emancipated across the globe stressing high nutritive contents among indigenous field crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, stress tolerance mechanisms and efficient abatement require deeper insights. The applicability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) poses as an ultimate strategy to minimize the deleterious consequences of abiotic stress such as salt, drought, temperature and heavy metal stress sustainably. The rational modality employing the application of AMF is one of significant efforts to lessen cell damages under abiotic stress. The novelty of the compilation can be redressed to cohesive literature for combating stress. The literature review will provide agricultural scientists worldwide in providing a rational approach that can have possible implications in not only tomato but also other vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Boopathi
- Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Tamilnadu 624302, India;
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Improved Tolerance of Mycorrhizal Torreya grandis Seedlings to Sulfuric Acid Rain Related to Phosphorus and Zinc Contents in Shoots. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040296. [PMID: 33920042 PMCID: PMC8070988 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) is an increasingly serious environmental problem that frequently occurs in Southern China with sulfuric acid rain (SAR) as the main type. SAR can negatively affect the growth and physiological properties of trees, but mycorrhizal associations may mitigate such detrimental effects. However, the mechanisms by which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi control SAR-induced impacts on Torreya grandis plants remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted on T. grandis seedlings, an economically important tree species in Southern China, in which inoculated and non-inoculated T. grandis seedlings were subjected to three simulated SAR regimes (pH of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.5, respectively) to examine the effects on the growth, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption of these seedlings. The results show that, although SAR had no effect on the accumulation of biomass, it significantly decreased the concentrations of proline and soluble protein, shoot Zn2+, P, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations, and the Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentrations of shoots and roots. Mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with Rhizophagus irregularis, significantly increased total biomass, proline concentration, and the Zn2+, P, and K+ concentrations in the shoots of T. grandis under lower pH conditions. Moreover, our findings suggest that the combination of root colonization, acid tolerance, and the concentrations of shoot-P, shoot-Zn2+, and root-Fe2+ of T. grandis jointly conferred mycorrhizal benefits on the plants under SAR conditions. Given the enhancement of the nutritional quality of T. grandis owing to mycorrhizal associations, inoculation with R. irregularis may be preferable for the culturing and management of these plants under acidic conditions.
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Bhantana P, Rana MS, Sun XC, Moussa MG, Saleem MH, Syaifudin M, Shah A, Poudel A, Pun AB, Bhat MA, Mandal DL, Shah S, Zhihao D, Tan Q, Hu CX. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its major role in plant growth, zinc nutrition, phosphorous regulation and phytoremediation. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang YH, Zhang NL, Wang MQ, He XB, Lv ZQ, Wei J, Su X, Wu AP, Li Y. Sex-Specific Differences in the Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Inoculated Mulberry Clones Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:614162. [PMID: 33815436 PMCID: PMC8012686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.614162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often considered bioameliorators. AMF can promote plant growth under various stressful conditions; however, differences between male and female clones in mycorrhizal strategies that protect plants from the detrimental effects of salinity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of salinity and AMF on the growth, photosynthetic traits, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Morus alba males and females. In a factorial setup, male and female M. alba clones were subjected to three salinity regimes (0, 50, and 200 mM NaCl) and planted in soil with or without Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. The results showed that NaCl alone conferred negative effects on the growth, salinity tolerance, photosynthetic performance, and shoot and root ionic ratios (K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+, and Mg2+/Na+) in both sexes; in contrast, mycorrhizal inoculation mitigated the detrimental effects of salinity. Furthermore, the mycorrhizal effects were closely correlated with Mn2+, proline, and N concentrations. Females benefited more from AMF inoculation as shown by the enhancements in their biomass accumulation, and N, proline, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ concentrations than males with mycorrhizal inoculation under saline conditions. In comparison, male plants inoculated with AMF showed improvements in biomass allocated to the roots, P, and peroxidase concentrations under saline conditions. These sex-specific differences suggest that male and female mulberry clones adopted different mycorrhizal strategies when growing under saline conditions. Overall, our results provide insight into the sex-specific difference in the performance of AMF-associated mulberry clones, suggesting that female mulberry could be more suitable for vegetation remediation than the male one, due to its higher salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Li Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Diao F, Dang Z, Xu J, Ding S, Hao B, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Guo W. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on ion homeostasis and salt tolerance-related gene expression in halophyte Suaeda salsa under salt treatments. Microbiol Res 2021; 245:126688. [PMID: 33418397 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Halophytes can remove large quantities of salts from saline soils, so their importance in ecology has received increasing attention. Preliminary studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve the salt tolerance of halophytes. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms and effects of AM fungi in halophytes under different salt conditions. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae inoculation on growth, nutrient uptake, ion homeostasis and the expression of salt tolerance-related genes in Suaeda salsa under 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaCl. The results showed that F. mosseae promoted the growth of S. salsa and increased the shoot Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations under no-salt condition and high-salt condition. In addition, AM fungi increased the K+ concentration and maintained a high K+/Na+ ratio at 400 mM NaCl, while AM fungi decreased the K+ concentration and reduced the K+/Na+ ratio at 0 mM NaCl. AM fungi downregulated the expression of SsNHX1 in shoots and the expression of SsSOS1 in roots at 400 mM NaCl. These effects may decrease the compartmentation of Na+ into leaf vacuoles and restrict Na+ transport from roots to shoots, leading to an increase in root Na+ concentration. AM symbiosis upregulated the expression of SsSOS1 in shoots and downregulated the expression of SsSOS1 and SsNHX1 in roots at 100 mM NaCl. However, regulation of the genes (SsNHX1, SsSOS, SsVHA-B and SsPIP) was not significantly different with AM symbiosis at 0 mM or 200 mM NaCl. The results revealed that AM symbiosis might induce diverse modulation strategies in S. salsa, depending on external Na+ concentrations. These findings suggest that AM fungi may play significant ecological roles in the phytoremediation of salinized ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Diao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhenhua Dang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Baihui Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhechao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Santander C, Aroca R, Cartes P, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Aquaporins and cation transporters are differentially regulated by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in lettuce cultivars growing under salinity conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:396-409. [PMID: 33248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the effects of AM symbiosis on the expression patterns of genes associated with K+ and Na+ compartmentalization and translocation and on K+/Na+ homeostasis in some lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars as well as the effects of the relative abundance of plant AQPs on plant water status. Two AM fungi species (Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) isolated from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) were inoculated to two lettuce cultivars (Grand Rapids and Lollo Bionda), and watered with 0 and 60 mM NaCl. At 60 days of plant growth, the AM symbiotic development, biomass production, nutrient content (Pi, Na+, K+), physiological parameters, gene expressions of ion channels and transporters (NHX and HKT1), and aquaporins proteins abundance (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) were evaluated. Salinity increased the AM root colonization by both inocula. AM lettuce plants showed an improved growth, increased relative water content and improved of K/Na ratio in root. In Grand Rapids cultivar, the high efficiency of photosystem II was higher than Lollo Bionda cultivar; on the contrary, stomatal conductance was higher in Lollo Bionda. Nevertheless, both parameters were increased by AM colonization. In the same way, LsaHKT1;1, LsaHKT1;6, LsaNHX2, LsaNHX4, LsaNHX6 and LsaNHX8 genes and aquaporins PIP2 were up-regulated differentially by both AM fungi. The improved plant growth was closely related to a higher water status due to increased PIP2 abundance, as well as to the upregulation of LsaNHX gene expression, which concomitantly improved plant nutrition and K+/Na+ homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Arturo Prat, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Vivar 493 2nd floor, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Cartes
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Singh U, Akhtar O, Mishra R, Zoomi I, Kehri HK, Pandey D. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Interaction with Plants, and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen X, Zhou Y, Cong Y, Zhu P, Xing J, Cui J, Xu W, Shi Q, Diao M, Liu HY. Ascorbic Acid-Induced Photosynthetic Adaptability of Processing Tomatoes to Salt Stress Probed by Fast OJIP Fluorescence Rise. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:594400. [PMID: 34484251 PMCID: PMC8415309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.594400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective role of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) on salt-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in the seedlings of processing tomatoes under salt stress has been investigated. Plants under salt stress (NaCl, 100 mmol/L) were foliar-sprayed with AsA (0.5 mmol/L), lycorine (LYC, 0.25 mmol/L, an inhibitor of key AsA synthesis enzyme l-galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase activity), or AsA plus LYC. The effects of AsA on fast OJIP fluorescence rise curve and JIP parameters were then examined. Our results demonstrated that applying exogenous AsA significantly changed the composition of O-J-I-P fluorescence transients in plants subjected to salt stress both with and without LYC. An increase in basal fluorescence (F o) and a decrease in maximum fluorescence (F m) were observed. Lower K- and L-bands and higher I-band were detected on the OJIP transient curves compared, respectively, with salt-stressed plants with and without LYC. AsA application also significantly increased the values of normalized total complementary area (Sm), relative variable fluorescence intensity at the I-step (VI), absorbed light energy (ABS/CSm), excitation energy (TRo/CSm), and reduction energy entering the electron transfer chain beyond QA (ETo/CSm) per reaction centre (RC) and electron transport flux per active RC (ETo/RC), while decreasing some others like the approximated initial slope of the fluorescence transient (Mo), relative variable fluorescence intensity at the K-step (VK), average absorption (ABS/RC), trapping (TRo/RC), heat dissipation (DIo/RC) per active RC, and heat dissipation per active RC (DIo/CSm) in the presence or absence of LYC. These results suggested that exogenous AsA counteracted salt-induced photoinhibition mainly by modulating the endogenous AsA level and redox state in the chloroplast to promote chlorophyll synthesis and alleviate the damage of oxidative stress to photosynthetic apparatus. AsA can also raise the efficiency of light utilization as well as excitation energy dissipation within the photosystem II (PSII) antennae, thus increasing the stability of PSII and promoting the movement of electrons among PS1 and PSII in tomato seedling leaves subjected to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biological Science, Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yundan Cong
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Pusheng Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Department of Vegetables, Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ming Diao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
- Ming Diao
| | - Hui-ying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-ying Liu
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Li PS, Kong WL, Wu XQ, Zhang Y. Volatile Organic Compounds of the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria JZ-GX1 Enhanced the Tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia to Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:753332. [PMID: 34721482 PMCID: PMC8551617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and development. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to mitigcate salt stress damage in plants is an important way to promote crop growth under salt stress conditions. Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain, but it is not clear whether it can improve the salt tolerance of plants, and in particular, the role of volatile substances in plant salt tolerance is unknown. We investigated the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from JZ-GX1 on the growth performance, osmotic substances, ionic balance and antioxidant enzyme activities of acacia seedlings treated with 0 and 100mm NaCl and explored the VOCs associated with the JZ-GX1 strain. The results showed that compared to untreated seedlings, seedlings exposed to plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium JZ-GX1 via direct contact with plant roots under salt stress conditions exhibited increases in fresh weight, lateral root number and primary root length equal to approximately 155.1, 95.4, and 71.3%, respectively. Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain showed increases in biomass, soil and plant analyser development values and lateral root numbers equal to 132.1, 101.6, and 166.7%, respectively. Additionally, decreases in malondialdehyde, superoxide anion (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and increases in proline contents and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were observed in acacia leaves. Importantly, the sodium-potassium ratios in the roots, stems, and leaves of acacia exposed to VOCs of the JZ-GX1 strain were significantly lower than those in the control samples, and this change in ion homeostasis was consistent with the upregulated expression of the (Na+, K+)/H+ reverse cotransporter RpNHX1 in plant roots. Through GC-MS and creatine chromatography, we also found that 2,3-butanediol in the volatile gases of the JZ-GX1 strain was one of the important signaling substances for improving the salt tolerance of plants. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 can promote the growth and yield of R. pseudoacacia under normal and salt stress conditions. JZ-GX1 VOCs have good potential as protectants for improving the salt tolerance of plants, opening a window of opportunity for their application in salinized soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Sheng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Liang Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Wu,
| | - Yu Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Chifetete VW, Dames JF. Mycorrhizal Interventions for Sustainable Potato Production in Africa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.593053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop with high dietary value that could potentially help to alleviate malnutrition and hunger in Africa. However, production is expensive, with high fertilizer and pesticide demands that lead to environmental pollution, and tillage practices that negatively affect soil structure. Microorganisms of different types have increasingly been found to be useful as biofertilizers, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important crop symbiont. AM fungi have been shown to increase tolerance of crop plants to drought, salinity and disease by facilitating water and nutrient acquisition and by improving overall soil structure. However, the establishment and maintenance of the symbioses are greatly affected by agricultural practices. Here, we review the benefits that AM fungi confer in potato production, discuss the role and importance of mycorrhiza helper bacteria, and focus on how AM fungal diversity and abundance can be affected by conventional agricultural practices, such as those used in potato production. We suggest approaches for maintaining AM fungal abundance in potato production by highlighting the potential of conservation tillage practices augmented with cover crops and crop rotations. An approach that balances weed control, nutrient provision, and AM fungal helper bacterial populations, whilst promoting functional AM fungal populations for varying potato genotypes, will stimulate efficient mycorrhizal interventions.
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Dastogeer KMG, Zahan MI, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Akter MA, Okazaki S. Plant Salinity Tolerance Conferred by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588550. [PMID: 33362816 PMCID: PMC7755987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing salinity tolerance, but less attention has been devoted to measuring these effects across plant-AMF studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to determine how AMF symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed vs. salt-stressed conditions. Compared to non-AMF plants, AMF plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass (p < 0.0001) both under non-stressed conditions and in the presence of varying levels of NaCl salinity in soil, and the differences became more prominent as the salinity stress increased. Categorical analyses revealed that the accumulation of plant shoot and root biomass was influenced by various factors, such as the host life cycle and lifestyle, the fungal group, and the duration of the AMF and salinity treatments. More specifically, the effect of Funneliformis on plant shoot biomass was more prominent as the salinity level increased. Additionally, under stress, AMF increased shoot biomass more on plants that are dicots, plants that have nodulation capacity and plants that use the C3 plant photosynthetic pathway. When plants experienced short-term stress (<2 weeks), the effect of AMF was not apparent, but under longer-term stress (>4 weeks), AMF had a distinct effect on the plant response. For the first time, we observed significant phylogenetic signals in plants and mycorrhizal species in terms of their shoot biomass response to moderate levels of salinity stress, i.e., closely related plants had more similar responses, and closely related mycorrhizal species had similar effects than distantly related species. In contrast, the root biomass accumulation trait was related to fungal phylogeny only under non-stressed conditions and not under stressed conditions. Additionally, the influence of AMF on plant biomass was found to be unrelated to plant phylogeny. In line with the greater biomass accumulation in AMF plants, AMF improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency and uptake of Ca and K in plants irrespective of salinity stress. The uptake of N and P was higher in AMF plants, and as the salinity increased, the trend showed a decline but had a clear upturn as the salinity stress increased to a high level. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the proline content changed due to AMF treatment under salinity stress. The accumulation of proline and catalase (CAT) was observed only when plants experienced moderate salinity stress, but peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in AMF plants irrespective of salinity stress. Taken together, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced plant growth and physiology, and their effects were more notable when their host plants experienced salinity stress and were influenced by plant and fungal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Arjina Akter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Kaushal M. Insights Into Microbially Induced Salt Tolerance and Endurance Mechanisms (STEM) in Plants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1518. [PMID: 32982994 PMCID: PMC7479176 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt stress in plants. This review emphasizes salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (STEM) in microbially inoculated (MI) plants that ensure plant growth and survival. Well-established STEM have been documented in MI plants and include conglomeration of osmolytes, antioxidant barricading, recuperating nutritional status, and ionic homeostasis. This is achieved via involvement of P solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, selective ion absorption, volatile organic compound production, exopolysaccharide production, modifications to plant physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance), and molecular alterations to alter various biochemical and physiological processes. Salt tolerance and endurance mechanism in MI plants ensures plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and maintaining ionic homeostasis, promoting superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, preserving cell ultrastructure, and reinforcing antioxidant metabolism. Molecular research in MI plants under salt stress conditions has found variations in the expression profiles of genes such as HKT1, NHX, and SOS1 (ion transporters), PIPs and TIPs (aquaporins), RBCS, RBCL (RuBisCo subunits), Lipoxygenase2 [jasmonic acid (JA) signaling], ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive gene, and APX, CAT, and POD (involved in antioxidant defense). Proteomic analysis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated plants revealed upregulated expression of signal transduction proteins, including Ca2+ transporter ATPase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin, and energy-related proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, iron-sulfur protein NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ATP synthase). Future research should focus on the role of stress hormones, such as JA, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids, in salt-stressed MI plants and how MI affects the cell wall, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction in host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kaushal
- Plant Production and Plant Health, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Parvin S, Van Geel M, Yeasmin T, Verbruggen E, Honnay O. Effects of single and multiple species inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the salinity tolerance of a Bangladeshi rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:431-444. [PMID: 32367433 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization due to sea level rise and groundwater irrigation has become an important agronomic problem in many parts of the world. Symbiosis between crop species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may alleviate salt stress-induced detrimental effects on crop growth and yield, for example, through helping the host plant to selectively absorb potassium while avoiding uptake of excessive sodium. Here, we performed a greenhouse experiment to evaluate growth, grain yield, and salt tolerance of a Bangladeshi rice cultivar under three levels of salt stress (0, 75, and 120 mM) after inoculation with three different AMF species from three different genera (Funnelliformis mosseae (BEG12), Acaulospora laevis (BEG13), and Gigaspora margarita (BEG34)), singly and in combination. We found that under salt stress, AMF inoculation enhanced total chlorophyll concentration, shoot K+/Na+ ratio, and lowered shoot Na+/root Na+ ratio, accompanied by increased root biomass, spikelet fertility, and grain yield compared with the non-inoculated control plants. Specifically, we found that the combination of BEG13 and BEG34 increased rice yield by 125 and 143% as compared with the non-inoculated controls, at the 75 and 120mM salt levels, respectively. In general, the low AMF diversity treatments (one species or a combination of two AMF species) were found to be the most effective in mediating salt stress tolerance for the majority of the measured crop performance variables. Overall, our results indicate that specific AMF species can promote the salt tolerance and productivity of rice, likely by increasing photosynthetic efficiency and restricting Na+ uptake and transport from root to shoot in AMF-inoculated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Parvin
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 2435, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 2435, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tanzima Yeasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Department of Biology, Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 2435, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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