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Depreli O, Angin E. The relationship between smartphone usage position, pain, smartphone addiction, and hand function. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024:BMR240154. [PMID: 39213048 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-240154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hand is the most frequently used part of the body during daily life activities. Any musculoskeletal problem that may occur in the hand can lead to loss of function. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between the wrist and elbow position adapted during smartphone use, pain and discomfort, smartphone addiction, and hand function. METHODS Pain and discomfort were evaluated with the visual analog scale, wrist and elbow angle during phone use were evaluated with a universal goniometer, smartphone addiction was evaluated with the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and functional status of the hand was evaluated with the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 120 university students (female: n= 60), with an average age of 22.71 ± 2.7 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. A relationship was found between the angle of the wrist and elbow during smartphone use and pain/discomfort (r= 0.692, p= 0.001), smartphone addiction (r= 0.575, p= 0.001), and hand function parameters (r= 0.20-0.55, p⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSION Due to the increased use of smartphones in today's environment, a preventive program should be developed in which texting for extended periods is avoided, along with frequent breaks to rest the hands, and stretching exercises for the upper extremities during rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozde Depreli
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ender Angin
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
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2
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Chen YL, Chan YC, Alexander H. Gender differences in neck muscle activity during near-maximum forward head flexion while using smartphones with varied postures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12994. [PMID: 38844574 PMCID: PMC11156881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Women frequently express heightened neck discomfort even though they exhibit smaller neck flexion (NF) during smartphone use. Differences in natural posture while using smartphones may result in varying muscle activation patterns between genders. However, no study focused on this issue. This study investigated the influence of gender on neck muscle activity and NF when using smartphones, ranging from slight (20°) to nearly maximal forward head flexion, across different postures. We analyzed smartphone usage patterns in 16 men and 16 women and examined these behaviors across different scenarios: standing, supported sitting, and unsupported sitting, at 20°, 30°, 40°, and the maximum head angles. During data collection, muscle activity was measured, expressed as a percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC), in the cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius (UTZ), along with NF. Results show significant influences of gender, head angle, and posture on all measures, with notable interactions among these variables. Women displayed higher muscle activities in CES and UTZ, yet exhibited lesser NF, while using smartphones in both standing (12.3%MVC, 10.7% MVC, and 69.0°, respectively) and unsupported sitting (10.8%MVC, 12.3%MVC, and 71.8°, respectively) compared to men (standing: 9.5%MVC, 8.8%MVC, and 76.1°; unsupported sitting: 9.7%MVC, 10.8%MVC, and 76.1°). This study provides a potential rationale for gender-related disparities in injury outcomes, emphasizing that women experience higher neck and shoulder discomfort level, despite their smaller NF during smartphone use, as found in previous research. Additionally, the cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon may occur when the head angle exceeded 40°. The near-maximum head angle during smartphone use might induce the cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon, potentially aggravating neck issues. We recommend limiting smartphone usage postures that exceed the near-maximum head angle, as they are commonly adopted by individuals in the daily smartphone activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, New Taipei, 243303, Taiwan.
| | - You-Chun Chan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, New Taipei, 243303, Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group, Taipei, 114030, Taiwan
| | - Hans Alexander
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, New Taipei, 243303, Taiwan
- Apical Group, Singapore, 048624, Singapore
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Nathani HR, Phansopkar P. Effectiveness of Tailor-Made Physiotherapy Protocol in Smartphone-Addicted Individuals With Text Neck Syndrome and Short Message Service (SMS) Thumb. Cureus 2024; 16:e57453. [PMID: 38699099 PMCID: PMC11064880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphone usage has led to an increase in text neck syndrome (TNS) and short message service (SMS) thumb, causing neck, shoulder, and thumb pain, affecting daily activities. Limited treatment options are available for these conditions, and early intervention is crucial to prevent chronic pain and musculoskeletal issues. This study sought to determine the impact of a personalized physiotherapy treatment plan on alleviating TNS and SMS thumb in individuals who demonstrate excessive smartphone usage. Method The study utilized a single-group, pre- and post-study design with a sample size of 54 smartphone-addicted individuals. The intervention involved a personalized physiotherapy protocol for three weeks, and data was collected using a visual analog scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ), and range of motion (ROM). Results Descriptive statistics showed a significant reduction in mean scores from pre- to post-rehabilitation, indicating the potential effectiveness of the treatment. Hypothesis testing revealed significant improvements in VAS, NDI, and CHDQ scores post-rehabilitation, with a p-value of <0.05. Correlation analysis demonstrated moderate to strong correlations between pre- and post-rehabilitation scores for VAS, NDI, and CHDQ, with age showing minimal influence on treatment outcomes. Conclusion The findings emphasize the efficacy of personalized interventions in addressing smartphone-related musculoskeletal disorders and underscore the need for further research to optimize treatment protocols and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh R Nathani
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pratik Phansopkar
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Hadagali P, Fischer SL, Callaghan JP, Cronin DS. Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:510-525. [PMID: 37923814 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-neutral neck positions are important initial conditions in impact scenarios, associated with a higher incidence of injury. Repositioning in finite element (FE) neck models is often achieved by applying external boundary conditions (BCs) to the head while constraining the first thoracic vertebra (T1). However, in vivo, neck muscles contract to achieve a desired head and neck position generating initial loads and deformations in the tissues. In the present study, a new muscle-based repositioning method was compared to traditional applied BCs using a contemporary FE neck model for forward head flexion of 30°. METHODS For the BC method, an external moment (2.6 Nm) was applied to the head with T1 fixed, while for the muscle-based method, the flexors and extensors were co-contracted under gravity loading to achieve the target flexion. RESULTS The kinematic response from muscle contraction was within 10% of the in vivo experimental data, while the BC method differed by 18%. The intervertebral disc forces from muscle contraction were agreeable with the literature (167 N compression, 12 N shear), while the BC methodology underpredicted the disc forces owing to the lack of spine compression. Correspondingly, the strains in the annulus fibrosus increased by an average of 60% across all levels due to muscle contraction compared to BC method. CONCLUSION The muscle repositioning method enhanced the kinetic response and subsequently led to differences in tissue-level responses compared to the conventional BC method. The improved kinematics and kinetics quantify the importance of repositioning FE neck models using active muscles to achieve non-neutral neck positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasannaah Hadagali
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Steven L Fischer
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jack P Callaghan
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duane S Cronin
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Fontenele TMDO, Nunes PPDB, Silva FVM, Menezes CNB, Andrade RFD, Mont'Alverne DGB, Saintrain MVDL, Frota MA, Abdon APV. Smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 42:e2023051. [PMID: 38126601 PMCID: PMC10742370 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate smartphone addiction and postural alterations in the cervical region in adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 281 adolescents (15 to 19 years old), attending the 1st to the 3rd grades of High School, carried out between September and October 2019 in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data collection took place in two stages. In the first, they answered four self-administered questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire, health conditions and smartphone use, Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (NMQ), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR). In the second stage, they were submitted to photogrammetry using the Postural Assessment Software (SAPO) and anthropometric assessment (weight and height). The software SPSS Statistics version 23.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the total number of adolescents, 63.3% (n=178) showed smartphone addiction, using it for 5.8 hours (±3.5) during the week and 8.7 (±4.0) hours on the weekend. When analyzing postural alignment in the anterior view, a significant reduction in the lateral head tilt was observed when typing on the smartphone (p=0.002) compared to the anatomical position (baseline). In the lateral view, an increase in head anteriorization was observed during smartphone use (p<0.05). There was an association between smartphone addiction and head anteriorization (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of the smartphone in the typing position causes postural alterations in the cervical region, especially in adolescents with smartphone addiction. Therefore, health promotion measures that alert adolescents to the adverse effects caused by prolonged smartphone use are necessary.
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Sarraf F, Abbasi S, Varmazyar S. Self-Management Exercises Intervention on Text Neck Syndrome Among University Students Using Smartphones. Pain Manag Nurs 2023; 24:595-602. [PMID: 37173200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of neck pain due to the overuse of mobile phones has been reported among university students. AIM This study aims to investigate the impact of self-management corrective exercises on text neck syndrome among university students using smartphones. METHODS This experimental study was conducted on 60 students in the two experimental and control groups. Demographic information and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaires were used for data collection. The Severity of Neck Pain (SNP) was determined using the visual analog scale. The head and neck tilt angles, the gaze angle, and the amount of change in the forward head posture were determined using photogrammetry and Kinovea software. The experimental group performed corrective exercises 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The desired variables were re-determined in both groups after the intervention. RESULTS The SNP and NDI in the experimental group after the intervention decreased by 0.61-1.45, and 1.20-5.14, respectively. Significant differences between the measured variables before and after the intervention in the experimental group showed that the head tilt angle (7.17-22.30 degrees), gaze angle (3.21-23.5 degrees), and forward head posture (3.26-5.42 cm) were reduced, and the neck tilt angle (2.00-17.24 degrees) increased and improved after the intervention in various measurement positions. CONCLUSIONS After performing the corrective exercises, 36.6% of the SNP and 13.3% of the NDI were reduced in the experimental group. Head and neck angles during using smartphones in a sitting position on a chair without a backrest were the most awkward posture compared with other postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Sarraf
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Sakineh Varmazyar
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Social Determinants Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Grasser T, Borges Dario A, Parreira PCS, Correia IMT, Meziat-Filho N. Defining text neck: a scoping review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:3463-3484. [PMID: 37405530 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Text neck is regarded as a global epidemic. Yet, there is a lack of consensus concerning the definitions of text neck which challenges researchers and clinicians alike. PURPOSE To investigate how text neck is defined in peer-reviewed articles. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to identify all articles using the terms "text neck" or "tech neck." Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to 30 April 2022. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR) guidelines. No limitation was applied for language or study design. Data extraction included study characteristics and the primary outcome relating to text neck definitions. RESULTS Forty-one articles were included. Text neck definitions varied across studies. The most frequent components of definitions were grouped into five basis for definition: Posture (n = 38; 92.7%), with qualifying adjectives meaning incorrect posture (n = 23; 56.1%) and posture without a qualifying adjective (n = 15; 36.6%); Overuse (n = 26; 63.4%); Mechanical stress or tensions (n = 17; 41.4%); Musculoskeletal symptoms (n = 15; 36.6%) and; Tissue damage (n = 7; 17.1%). CONCLUSION This study showed that posture is the defining characteristic of text neck in the academic literature. For research purposes, it seems that text neck is a habit of texting on the smartphone in a flexed neck position. Since there is no scientific evidence linking text neck with neck pain regardless of the definition used, adjectives like inappropriate or incorrect should be avoided when intended to qualify posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Grasser
- Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, UNISUAM, Rua Dona Isabel 94, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-010, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Amabile Borges Dario
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Igor Macedo Tavares Correia
- Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, UNISUAM, Rua Dona Isabel 94, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-010, Brazil
| | - Ney Meziat-Filho
- Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, UNISUAM, Rua Dona Isabel 94, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21041-010, Brazil
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Panihar U, Joshi S. Systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy of various exercise programs to improve postural parameters, pain and disability in neck. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Forward head posture is a common abnormal posture characterised by weakness of muscle around neck and shoulder. Persistent forward head posture can impair respiratory functions and cervical proprioception. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effectiveness of exercises to improve the forward head posture. The online literature search performed on various databases, i.e. PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Science Direct and Scopus databases resulted in 601 articles, but only 11 articles were found relevant to perform meta-analysis. The primary outcome measure was craniovertebral angle and other outcome measures were neck pain, cranial angle, cranial rotation angle and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Methodological quality of studies was assessed by PEDro scoring and risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane collaboration tool of risk of bias. Results of meta-analysis revealed that craniovertebral angle (CVA), cranial rotation angle (CRA), visual analogue scale and NDI improved significantly (P<0.00001) in forward head posture participants who followed any type of exercise regime compared to the participants who did not follow any exercise program. However, cranial angle was not found significantly (P=0.73) improved in exercise groups. Exercises are effective in improving postural parameters, such as CVA, CRA and pain and neck disability in subjects with forward head posture. Systematic analysis registry at PROSPERO: CRD42020175372
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Panihar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - S. Joshi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
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Nasri SM, Susilowati IH, Hasiholan BP, Sitanggang AN, Gede Jyotidiwy IA, Satria N, Theofany Simanjuntak MS. The Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms During Work From Home Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:66-70. [PMID: 36744152 PMCID: PMC9889278 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Online teaching and learning extend the duration of using gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. A prolonged usage of these gadgets in a static position can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms while using gadgets during work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional survey with online-based questionnaires was collected from the University of Indonesia, consisting of lecturers, students, and managerial staff. The minimum number of respondents was 1,080 and was defined by stratified random sampling. Furthermore, the dependent variable was musculoskeletal symptoms, while the independent were age, gender, job position, duration, activity when using gadgets, and how to hold them. Result Most of the respondents had mobile phones but only 16% had tablets. Furthermore, about 56.7% have used a mobile phone for more than 10 years, while about 89.7% have used a tablet for less than 10 years. A multivariate analysis found factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms while using a mobile phone, such as age, gender, web browsing activity, work, or college activities. These activities include doing assignments and holding the phone with two hands with two thumbs actively operating. The factors that were significantly associated with MSD symptoms when using tablets were gender, academic position, social media activity, and placing the tablet on a table with two actively working index fingers. Conclusion Therefore, from the results of this study it is necessary to have WFH and e-learning policies to reduce MSD symptoms and enhance productivity at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjahrul Meizar Nasri
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Indri Hapsari Susilowati
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.,Directorate of Productive and Elderly Age Health, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Akbar Nugroho Sitanggang
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.,Directorate of Productive and Elderly Age Health, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Ida Ayu Gede Jyotidiwy
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Nurrachmat Satria
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, C Building 1st Floor Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
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de-la-Iglesia L, Bravo C, Rubí-Carnacea F. Upper crossed syndrome in secondary school students: A mixed-method study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:894-907. [PMID: 36852233 PMCID: PMC9958402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study objectives were to identify the prevalence of upper crossed syndrome (UCS) and its associated factors in a population of Spanish adolescents, and to explore these associations through focus groups. Methods The study used a sequential explanatory mixed method design. The quantitative phase consisted of a cross-sectional study in which 45 students underwent photogrammetry measurements and evaluations with the Kiddo-KINDL and VISA-TEEN questionnaires. Subsequently, several focus groups were conducted to discuss the quantitative results. Results The results indicated a 37.8% prevalence of UCS, a 48.9% prevalence of forward head posture (FHP) and an 80% prevalence of forward shoulder posture (FSP). A positive FSP was indicated by an angle represented by the intersection of the line between the midpoint of the humerus and the spinous process of C7 of <52°. FSP was significantly higher in boys (mean [M] = 43.59, standard deviation [SD] = 6.9) than in girls (M = 47.98, SD = 6.33; p < 0.05). Boys showed significant moderate associations of FSP with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and hygiene habits (r = -0.46, p < 0.05), and of FHP with worse use of technology (r = 0.53, p < 0.05). Those with UCS showed significant differences in school performance (M = 47.22, SD = 8.33, p < 0.05). Analysis of the qualitative results led to the identification of 33 codes and five categories. Conclusions UCS was associated with factors such as BMI, school performance, use of technology and physical activity. Correcting posture in adolescence was generally believed to be necessary. Physical exercise and postural health were considered highly important among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llanos de-la-Iglesia
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain,Osteopatia i fisioteràpia Cornellà, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bravo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain,Grup de Recerca en Cures en Salut, GRECS, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Fundació Dr. Pifarré, Lleida, Spain,Grup d’Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura, GESEC, University of Lleida, Spain,Corresponding address: Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Montserrat Roig St 2, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Francesc Rubí-Carnacea
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, Spain,Grup de Recerca en Cures en Salut, GRECS, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Fundació Dr. Pifarré, Lleida, Spain,Grup d’Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura, GESEC, University of Lleida, Spain
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11
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Torkamani MH, Mokhtarinia HR, Vahedi M, Gabel CP. Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 36690958 PMCID: PMC9869316 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent smartphone use in a pathological way forces the user to adopt a compromised posture. This gradually results in changes to both the postural and musculoskeletal systems. This study's objectives were evaluation of head posture, muscle endurance, neck range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in two separate smartphone user groups, one 'Addicted', the other 'Non-Addicted'. METHODS A sample of convenience (n = 60) was recruited from medical students (age 24.57 ± 4.38, 53.3% male) with a history of smartphones use > 2 h/day for 1-year. Based on the cut-off values of the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), participants were entered into each group (cut-off for male ≥ 31, female ≥ 33). Neck muscle endurance time, joint position error and cervical ROM, along with forward head posture parameters of craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder angle (SA), sagittal head angle (SHA) and forward head distance (FHD)) were evaluated. A Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the difference between groups and the correlations between variables. RESULTS The difference between 'Addicted' and 'Non-Addicted' groups was confirmed by the values for SAS-SV scores (25.23 ± 5.5 versus 43.9 ± 6.61) (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between groups for the CVA and FHD parameters (p < 0.001). Further, the neck extensor muscle endurance (97 ± 3.79 versus 74.86 ± 2.23 s), was significantly different between groups (p = 0.010) but not after Bonferroni correction. There was no notable difference in the neck flexor muscle endurance, joint position error, SA, and SHA parameters between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidary Torkamani
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Mohsen Vahedi
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Sarraf F, Varmazyar S. Comparing the effect of the posture of using smartphones on head and neck angles among college students. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1631-1638. [PMID: 35199629 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2047229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone users' posture can affect the musculoskeletal load of the user's neck. This study aims to compare the effect of the posture of using smartphones on head and neck angles among college students. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 college students. The Severity of Neck Pain (SNP) and the head and neck tilt angles, the gaze angle, and the amount of change in the forward head posture were determined. The angles were measured in three postures including standing, sitting on a chair with and without a backrest. Most of the participants (51.3%) reported moderate and severe neck pain. The angles during using smartphone had a significant difference in different positions, so that the best head (100.6 ± 11.3°) and neck (32.5 ± 11.2°) tilt angles and gaze angle (58.2 ± 13.7°) were in sitting position with leaning on a backrest of the chair. Head (109.6 ± 14.4°) and neck (22.0 ± 12.6°) tilt angles, and the forward head posture (15.9 ± 4.9 cm) have the worst posture in sitting position on a chair without a backrest while gaze angle (67.1 ± 12.0°) has the most awkward posture in standing. Practitioner summary: The posture of using a smartphone affects the amount of pressure on the neck. This study aims to investigate the effect of different positions of using smartphone on head and neck angles among Iranian university students. The angles during using smartphone had a significant difference in different positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Sarraf
- M.Sc. Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sakineh Varmazyar
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Social Determinants Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Priya DB, Subramaniyam M. Fatigue due to smartphone use? Investigating research trends and methods for analysing fatigue caused by extensive smartphone usage: A review. Work 2022; 72:637-650. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The easy accessibility of smartphones has led to a fivefold increase in their use. People use smartphones almost anywhere, including during travelling and studying. During the global COVID-19 pandemic, the average smartphone screen time has increased from 2.25 to 4.8 hours per day. In India, smartphone usage increased by 68%, and the average screen time increased from 2.42 to 6.9 hours. This dependency on smartphones has led to smartphone addiction. Inappropriate postures during the prolonged use of smartphones can exert adverse effects such as musculoskeletal disorders, digital eye strain, loss of focus and attention. OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to understand the effects of prolonged smartphone utilisation and explored fatigue measurement techniques. METHODS: A total of 130 studies examining the effects of smartphone utilisation published in the previous 10 years were identified from the following databases: IEEE, Science Direct, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar are reviewed. This study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2021. RESULTS: One in every four adolescents were prone to smartphone addiction, which causes poor mental health. Moreover, India’s research on the effects of excessive smartphone usage is limited. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are required to establish the correlation between fatigue levels and smartphone usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhanu Priya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Subramaniyam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Christensen SWM, Johansson SS, Jensen MD, Jensen AE, Knudsen TH, Palsson TS. Effect of a Posture-Cueing Shirt on Sitting Posture During a Functional Task in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2022; 44:725-733. [PMID: 35701242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a posture-cueing shirt on sitting posture during a functional task. METHODS Thirty healthy male participants were seated at a standardized workstation while completing 3 laptop writing tasks of 15-minute duration wearing either a posture-cueing shirt, a compression shirt, or no shirt. Posture was assessed based on photos taken at minutes 1 and 15 into the writing task from which the head and shoulder angles were measured and extracted for analysis. After each task, participants rated any potential pain they felt during the task on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). RESULTS The results showed that none of the shirts significantly affected the head or shoulder angles at any time point. Participants reported lower pain levels after using the posture-cueing shirt (NRS 0 [0-1]) compared with no shirt (NRS 1 [0-2]; P = .012). No significant difference in pain levels was observed between shirts. CONCLUSION Although posture did not change in any conditions for these healthy male subjects, the posture-cueing shirt resulted in a lower pain intensity compared with no shirt but not with a compression shirt. Although a significant difference was found for pain intensity favoring the posture-cueing shirt, this difference was negligible, and thus its value to reduce pain or improve posture in healthy subjects remains in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffan W M Christensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Steffen S Johansson
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel D Jensen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne E Jensen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trine H Knudsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thorvaldur S Palsson
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Alzhrani AM, Johnstone KR, Winkler EAH, Healy GN, Cook MM. Using touchscreen mobile devices-when, where and how: a one-week field study. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:561-572. [PMID: 34435937 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1973577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explored the objectively measured Touchscreen Mobile Device (TSMD) use in free-living conditions. Data on TSMD use, gross body posture (lying, sitting, standing, stepping), and location of use (workplace, home, other) were collected over seven consecutive days from 54 adults (mean ± SD, 38 ± 10 years). The average duration of TSMD use was 152 ± 91 min/day, with a TSMD engagement of 51 ± 35 times/day. Participants under 30 years spent significantly more time on their TSMD, averaging 230 ± 108 min/day. By location, 54 ± 17% of use occurred at home and 24 ± 15% at work. The most common posture adopted during any TSMD use was sitting (77 ± 5 2 min/day), with participants also spending considerable time lying down in the home environment (39 ± 49 min/day). These findings provide valuable insights into how adults are using TSMDs, including the postures and locations of use. Further research is needed on the health and wellbeing implications of these usage patterns. Practitioner summary: This study explored Touchscreen Mobile Device (TSMD) use in free-living conditions among 54 adults (mean ± standard deviation, 38 ± 10 years). Participants under 30 years spent significantly more time on their devices. More than half of the time spent using TSMD occurred at home while sitting and lying down.Abbreviations: TSMD: touchscreen mobile device; SD: standard deviation; MSD: musculoskeletal disorder; HDR: higher degree by research; SEES: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; UK: The United Kingdom; USA: United States of America; SAS: statistical analysis system; ANOVA: analysis of variance; SPSS: statistical package for the social sciences; h: hour; min/d: minutes per day; d: day; ICC: intraclass correlation; CI: confidence interval; min: minute; GPS: global positioning systemsHighlightsTouchscreen mobile device use and gross body posture were quantified objectively.The most common postures for touchscreen mobile device use were lying and sitting.Touchscreen mobile devices were used around twice as much at home than at work.Use at home, with a predominance of the lying posture, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alzhrani
- The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelly R Johnstone
- The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Genevieve N Healy
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Margaret M Cook
- The University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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Oh C, Lee M, Hong B, Song BS, Yun S, Kwon S, Ko Y, Lee SY, Noh C. Association between Sagittal Cervical Spinal Alignment and Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis: A Retrospective Study Using a New Scoring System. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071772. [PMID: 35407380 PMCID: PMC8999493 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prolonged neck flexion is thought to cause harmful loading on the cervical spine. Along with the degenerative process, cervical alignment tends to change toward lordotic curvature. The association between cervical alignment and cervical spondylosis remains unclear. (2) Methods: Three raters retrospectively assessed cervical radiographies of outpatients at a tertiary center in 2019 using degenerative cervical spondylosis score (DCS score; a newly developed scoring system), C2-7 absolute rotational angle (ARA), and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). (3) Results: A total of 561 patients were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analysis with adjustments for age and sex revealed that C2-7 ARA, rather than SVA, was a significant parameter for degenerative spondylosis. The interaction between age and C2-7 ARA was significant, indicating that the increase in DCS score with increasing age was more pronounced in patients with kyphotic cervical alignment. The direct effect of age on DCS score was 0.349 (95% CI 0.319 to 0.380, p < 0.001) and the proportion of the mediation effect of C2-7 ARA was −0.125 (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: C2-7 ARA was significantly associated with DCS after adjustment for both age and sex. Subjects with more kyphotic cervical alignment showed a greater correlation between increased DCS score and older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahyun Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minwook Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Boohwi Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Big Data Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Byong-Sop Song
- Core Laboratory of Translational Research, Biomedical Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Sangwon Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sanghun Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngkwon Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Chan Noh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (C.O.); (B.H.); (S.Y.); (S.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (C.N.)
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Sagittal Cervical Spine Alignment: A Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413033. [PMID: 34948643 PMCID: PMC8702200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Although radiography performed on the subject in an upright position is considered the standard method for assessing sagittal cervical alignment, it is frequently determined, or reported, based on MRI performed on the subject in a supine position. (2) Methods: Cervical alignment observed in both imaging modalities was assessed using four methods: the C2-7 Cobb angle, the absolute rotation angle (ARA), Borden’s method, and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Cervical alignment was determined (lordosis, kyphosis, and straight) based on radiography. Then, the diagnostic cut-off values for the MRI images and their corresponding diagnostic accuracies were assessed. (3) Results: The analysis included 142 outpatients. The determined diagnostic cut-off values for lordosis, using three measurements (Cobb angle, ARA, and Borden’s method), were −8.5°, −12.5°, and 3.5 mm, respectively, and the cut-off values for kyphosis were −4.5°, 0.5°, and −1.5 mm, respectively. The cut-off value for SVA > 40 mm was 19.5 mm. The Cobb angle, ARA, and Borden’s method, on MRI, showed high negative predictive values for determining kyphosis. The SVA on MRI measurements also showed high negative predictive values for determining >40 mm. (4) Conclusions: MRI measurements may be predictive of cervical alignment, especially for the exclusion of kyphosis and SVA > 40 mm. However, caution is needed in the other determinations using MRI, as their accuracies are limited.
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Ayhualem S, Alamer A, Dabi SD, Bogale KG, Abebe AB, Chala MB. Burden of neck pain and associated factors among smart phone user students in University of Gondar, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256794. [PMID: 34492055 PMCID: PMC8423292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile technology has spread rapidly around the globe. In 2018 the numbers of mobile subscribers in Ethiopia hit 66.2 million. Musculoskeletal complaints related to smartphone use in different body parts have been reported ranging from 8.2% to 89.9%. Neck pain has the highest prevalence rate, which ranges from 17.3% to 67.8%. However, there is limited evidence on the burden of neck pain related to Smartphone usage and no research is done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the burden of neck pain and factors associated with smartphone use in Ethiopia. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with neck pain among smartphone users at University of Gondar. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2019 to determine the prevalence and associated factors of neck pain, with a sample of 845 university student smartphone users at University of Gondar, Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect data. Independent variables which had a significant association were identified using logistic regression models. Results were reported by using texts and frequency distribution tables. RESULTS Out of 845 questionnaires distributed, 808 students responded; hence, the response rate was 95.6%. The overall prevalence of neck pain among smart phone users in the past 12 months was 47.4% (95% CI, 44.1-50.9%). Attending 5th year (AOR: 3.907, 95% CI: 1. 952-7.82) and 6th year (AOR: 2.93,95% CI: 1,304-6.59), regular physical exercise (AOR: 2.405, 95% CI: 1.549-3.734), cigarette smoking (AOR: 5.415, 95% CI: 2.685-10.919), residency (AOR: 1.681, 95% CI: 1.181-2.391), break while using smartphone (AOR: 3.253 95% CI: 2.252-4.699), used smartphone > 6 hour per day (AOR: 2.782 (1.528 95% CI: 1.528-5.063), used other devises (AOR: 3.158 95% CI: 2.128-4.689), number of social media used daily (AOR: 2.007 95% CI: 1.228-3.2788), used devise for playing game (AOR: 1.484 95% CI: 1.024-2.15) were factors significantly associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION The current study depicted that nearly half of the study participants reported neck pain in the past 12 months. Attending last year of university, personal characteristics, use of smart phone for longer period, playing game, not taking break, other electronic device use, increased number of social media use were associated with neck pain among smartphone users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sileshi Ayhualem
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Alamer
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Deme Dabi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Kefale Getie Bogale
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Abey Bekele Abebe
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Bayisa Chala
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Tapanya W, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Hunsawong T, Boucaut R. Ergonomic arm support prototype device for smartphone users reduces neck and shoulder musculoskeletal loading and fatigue. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103458. [PMID: 33991854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone use is a risk factor for both neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate an ergonomic arm support prototype device, which may help improve posture while using a smartphone, by determining its effect on muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and neck and shoulder discomfort. Twenty-four healthy young adult smartphone users performed 20 min of smartphone game playing under two different conditions, smartphone use with support prototype device (i.e. intervention condition) and without (i.e. control condition), while neck and shoulder posture were controlled at 0° neck flexion and 30° shoulder flexion. Activity and fatigue of four muscles were measured using surface electromyography (sEMG), these were: anterior deltoid (AD), cervical erector spinae (CES), upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT). The intervention condition showed significantly decreased activity of all muscles. Fatigue of all muscles, except LT, significantly increased over time compared to the start point in the control condition. There was no significant difference in muscle fatigue between each time point in the intervention condition. In conclusion, the ergonomic arm support prototype device can be used as ergonomic intervention to reduce neck and shoulder muscle loading and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Tapanya
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Program of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Torkamol Hunsawong
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- University of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, iCAHE (International Centre for Allied Health Evidence), Adelaide, Australia
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Tapanya W, Puntumetakul R, Swangnetr Neubert M, Boucaut R. Influence of neck flexion angle on gravitational moment and neck muscle activity when using a smartphone while standing. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:900-911. [PMID: 33428546 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1873423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of different neck flexion angles on neck gravitational moment and muscle activity of users that stand and operate a smartphone. Thirty-two healthy young adult smartphone users performed texting tasks for three minutes at four different neck flexion angles (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°) while standing. Neck gravitational moment and cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) activity were investigated. When the neck flexion angle increased, the gravitational moment of the neck increased significantly. The muscle activity of CES significantly increased when the neck flexion angle increased, whereas that of UT decreased. The lowest gravitational moment of the neck at 0° flexion was consistent with the lowest CES muscle activity and the lowest neck discomfort score. In conclusion, for texting while standing, adults should maintain their neck posture at 0° flexion to reduce the gravitational force acting on the cervical spine and alleviate neck discomfort. Practitioner Summary: During smartphone use when standing, excessive neck flexion (30° and 45° flexion) should be avoided. The suggested neck posture when operating a smartphone while standing is 0° flexion. Abbreviations: CES: cervical erector spinae; UT: upper trapezius; COG: centre of gravity; MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; CROM: cervical range of motion; sEMG: surface electromyography; VAS: visual analogue scale; MVCs: maximum voluntary contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Tapanya
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- University of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, iCAHE (International Centre for Allied Health Evidence), Adelaide, Australia
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Gomez-Rice A, Madrid C, Izquierdo E, Marco-Martínez F, Tresguerres JAF, Sanchez-Mariscal F. Photographic sagittal plane analysis and its clinical correlation after surgery for adult spinal deformity: a preliminary study. Spine Deform 2021; 9:501-514. [PMID: 33136266 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between photographic sagittal parameters and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) results in adult patients operated on spinal deformity. METHODS Non-concurrent prospective study. INCLUSION CRITERIA age at surgery older than 25, minimum 2-year follow-up after a 5 or more level fusion for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Full body lateral standing photographs were taken with adhesive markers placed on ten bony landmarks. SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires were completed for every patient. The following photographic parameters were measured: lumbar angle, lumbar curve, thoracic inclination (TI), trunk angle, pelvic tilt, head angle, neck angle, cervicothoracic angle, lumbar vector angle (LVA), dorsal vector angle (DVA), cervical vector angle (CVA), cranial pelvic angle (CrPA), cranial sacral angle (CrSA), fibular inclination angle (FIA) and cranial sagittal vertical axis measured to sacrum (Cr-S), greater trochanter (Cr-GT), knee (Cr-K) and ankle (Cr-A). RESULTS 65 patients (58 female) operated on ASD in a single institution were included. Age at surgery was 61 years (26-67). Postoperative follow-up was 53 months (24-120). Spearman rank order test showed several significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlations. After multivariate linear regression analysis age, LVA and TI remained as predictors for SRS image scores (corrected r2 0.41), LVA for SRS satisfaction (corrected r2 0.27), CrPA and age for SRS total scores (corrected r2 0.33), FIA and age for SF36 physical functioning (corrected r2 0.36) and CrSA for SF36 role physical (corrected r2 0.14). CONCLUSIONS Some sagittal photographic parameters may predict mid-term clinical results after ASD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Rice
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera M-607, km. 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain. .,Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Fernando Marco-Martínez
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computer Regularly. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8327565. [PMID: 33083487 PMCID: PMC7559831 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8327565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In contemporary societies, computer use by children is a necessity and thus highly prevalent. Using computers for long hours is related to a higher risk of computer-related muscular disorders like forward head posture (FHP) and neck pain (NP). Deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles are important head-on-neck posture stabilizers; thus, their training may lead to an improvement in FHP and NP. The aim of this study was to determine if 4 weeks of DCF training is effective in alleviating NP, improving FHP, and functional status in adolescent children using computers regularly, a pretest-posttest experimental group design was used. Subjects were randomly assigned into the experimental group (receiving DCF training and postural education) and the control group (receiving postural education only). 30 subjects with a mean age of 15.7 ± 1.725 years with NP and FHP using computers regularly participated in the study. Dependent variables were measured on day 1 (at baseline) and after 4 weeks of training. Photographic analysis was used for measuring FHP, visual analog scale for NP intensity, and neck disability index for functional status. Data analysis showed that in both groups, no significant improvement occurred in FHP. In both groups, there was a significant improvement in functional status and NP. There was no significant difference between both groups for FHP and NP. There was a significant improvement in functional status in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Four weeks of DCF training does not cause a significant improvement in FHP in 13 to 18 years old adolescent children using computers regularly.
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Gallego-Izquierdo T, Arroba-Díaz E, García-Ascoz G, Val-Cano MDA, Pecos-Martin D, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Psychometric Proprieties of a Mobile Application to Measure the Craniovertebral Angle a Validation and Reliability Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186521. [PMID: 32911612 PMCID: PMC7559098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the mobile application forward head posture in terms of validity, inter- and intra-rater reliability, minimum detectable change, sensitivity, and specificity to measure craniovertebral angle. In total, 44 subjects (mean age 23.30 ± 4.44 years) were evaluated in the standing position with markers on the tragus and cutaneous prominence of seventh cervical vertebra (C7). We had two experienced and trained physiotherapists assess cervical posture using the mobile application forward head posture and photogrammetry. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to determine validity and reliability. A contingency table was made to determine sensitivity and specificity. Intra-rater reliability of the mobile application forward head posture had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.88. The inter-rater reliability generated an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 to 0.89. Criterion validity data were above 0.82. The minimum detectable change was 4.96° for intra-rater and 5.52° for inter-rater reliability. The smartphone application exhibited 94.4% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity. The smartphone application forward head posture is a valid and reliable tool to measure craniovertebral angle in a standing position and, therefore, could be a useful assessment tool in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gallego-Izquierdo
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Group. Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (T.G.-I.); (E.A.-D.); (G.G.-A.); (M.d.A.V.-C.)
| | - Enrique Arroba-Díaz
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Group. Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (T.G.-I.); (E.A.-D.); (G.G.-A.); (M.d.A.V.-C.)
| | - Gema García-Ascoz
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Group. Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (T.G.-I.); (E.A.-D.); (G.G.-A.); (M.d.A.V.-C.)
| | - María del Alba Val-Cano
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Group. Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (T.G.-I.); (E.A.-D.); (G.G.-A.); (M.d.A.V.-C.)
| | - Daniel Pecos-Martin
- Physiotherapy and Pain Research Group. Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (T.G.-I.); (E.A.-D.); (G.G.-A.); (M.d.A.V.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda
- Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain;
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Accommodative Behavior, Hyperopic Defocus, and Retinal Image Quality in Children Viewing Electronic Displays. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 97:628-640. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Cibinello FU, Neves JCDJ, Carvalho MYL, Valenciano PJ, Fujisawa DS. Effectiveness of mat Pilates on postural alignment in the sagittal plane in school children: a randomized clinical trial. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Irshad N, Raza S, Moiz JA, Mujaddadi A, Bhati P. Electromyographic analysis of upper trapezius, abductor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis brevis during smartphone use in different positions among young male and female subjects. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0276/ijamh-2018-0276.xml. [PMID: 31280241 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone use has increased tremendously in recent times and there are various adverse musculoskeletal consequences associated with its use. Alteration in the activation patterns of muscles in certain positions may be the reason behind the development of musculoskeletal disorders in smartphone users; however, it has not been thoroughly investigated by the existing literature. OBJECTIVES To investigate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of upper trapezius (UT), abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) during smartphone use in three different positions (standing, sitting on the chair and sitting cross legged on the floor) in young male versus female subjects. METHODS Twenty-six young male (age: 23.77 ± 2.47 years) and 26 young female (age: 22.45 ± 2.32 years) smartphone users were recruited from Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. EMG activity of UT, APB and APL muscles was examined using surface electrodes during a smartphone task in three different positions, i.e. standing, sitting on a chair, sitting cross-legged on the floor. The smartphone task consisted of typing English quotations for 20 s 3 times with a rest period of 10 s between each quotation and a 5-min interval between each position, respectively. RESULTS EMG activity of the UT muscle was found to be significantly reduced when sitting on a chair as compared to standing (p < 0.001) and sitting cross-legged (p = 0.008) during smartphone use. APB and APL muscle activity were not significantly different between the three positions (p > 0.05). Moreover, the activation patterns of these muscles did not differ in male and female subjects (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the UT muscle is least activated when sitting on chair as compared to standing and sitting cross-legged during smartphone use. Moreover, the activity of neck and thumb muscles does not vary significantly between male and female subjects during smartphone use in different positions. As UT muscle activation significantly varies with the position of smartphone use, thus, the position adopted during smartphone use should be taken into consideration and the position which causes least strain on muscles, i.e. sitting on the chair should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Irshad
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Shahid Raza
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Aqsa Mujaddadi
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Pooja Bhati
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
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Analysis of a customized cervical collar to improve neck posture during smartphone usage: a comparative study in healthy subjects. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:1793-1803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Architecture and Design of a Wearable Robotic System for Body Posture Monitoring, Correction, and Rehabilitation Assist. Int J Soc Robot 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Eitivipart AC, Viriyarojanakul S, Redhead L. Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: A systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiother J 2018; 38:77-90. [PMID: 30930581 PMCID: PMC6405356 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702518300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of smartphone users is growing dramatically. Using the smartphone frequently forces the users to adopt an awkward posture leading to an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders and pain. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies that assess the effect of smartphone use on musculoskeletal disorders and pain. A systematic literature search of AMED, CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect using specific keywords relating to smartphone, musculoskeletal disorders and pain was conducted. Reference lists of related papers were searched for additional studies. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the modified Downs and Black checklist. From 639 reports identified from electronic databases, 11 were eligible to include in the review. One paper was found from the list of references and added to the review. The quality scores were rated as moderate. The results show that muscle activity of upper trapezius, erector spinae and the neck extensor muscles are increased as well as head flexion angle, head tilt angle and forward head shifting which increased during the smartphone use. Also, smartphone use in a sitting position seems to cause more shift in head-neck angle than in a standing position. Smartphone usage may contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. The findings of the included papers should be interpreted carefully in light of the issues highlighted by the moderate-quality assessment scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitthanatt Chachris Eitivipart
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Redhead
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Is the occiput-wall distance valid and reliable to determine the presence of thoracic hyperkyphosis? Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2018; 38:63-68. [PMID: 30278368 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperkyphosis may be frequently found nowadays due to the change in current lifestyles of sustained flexion postures and age-related system decline. The occiput-wall distance (OWD) is a practical measure that is commonly used to screen and monitor thoracic hyperkyphosis in epidemiologic studies. However, there was no clear evidence to support the clinical utility of the tool as compared to the data from direct standard measures. OBJECTIVES To investigate psychometric properties-including validity, reliability, and appropriate cut-off point-of the OWD to determine the presence of thoracic hyperkyphosis, as compared to a standard Cobb's method. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS This study was conducted in ninety-nine participants, aged 10 years and above who had different degrees of thoracic hyperkyphosis from several communities. All participants were assessed for their severity of thoracic hyperkyphosis using the OWD, and 14 participants were involved in a reliability study. Within 7 days later, all participants were at a hospital to complete a radiographic examination. RESULTS Outcomes from OWD had good concurrent validity with the Cobb angles (r = 0.683, P < 0.001) and excellent rater reliability when assessed by well-trained health professionals (ICCs > 0.9, P < 0.001). The OWD of at least 6.5 cm had the best diagnostic properties to determine the presence of thoracic hyperkyphosis (sensitivity = 71.4%, specificity = 76.6%, and area under the curve = 0.846). CONCLUSION The findings support validity and reliability of OWD, and offer a clear cut-off point to determine the presence of thoracic hyperkyphosis for clinical utility in various settings.
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Damasceno GM, Ferreira AS, Nogueira LAC, Reis FJJ, Lara RW, Meziat-Filho N. Reliability of two pragmatic tools for assessing text neck. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:963-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Depreli Ö, Angın E. Review of scapular movement disorders among office workers having ergonomic risk. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2018; 31:371-380. [PMID: 29154262 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common health problems which affect millions of office workers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine scapular positioning at rest and different anatomical planes, the assessment of pain, postural changes and the functionality of upper extremity that is caused by the lack of ergonomic principles among office workers of civil servants in TRNC (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). METHODS 183 individuals participated in the study and 2 groups were created by grand scores of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool. Scapular dyskinesis, pain of upper extremity and back, physical functions and symptoms of upper extremity, the self-rated neck disability, cervical and upper thoracic posture of workers were assessed. RESULTS The difference between pain situation and the results of upper extremity and neck disability scores of the participants among the groups was significant (p< 0.05). No significant difference has been found statistically among the postural angle values of individuals (p> 0.05). A significant statistical difference has been found among the groups when the results of Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) is examined (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Working environment and conditions cause the wrong of working posture and thus, lead individuals to spend more energy together with physical difficulty, and consequently affect general health.
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Holland T, Babyar S, Carroll B, Hunt S, Sheeleigh Albright K, Wnukowski M. A preliminary study of the influence of sagittal plane neck alignment on mylohyoid activity during oropharyngeal swallowing: A surface electromyographic analysis. Cranio 2018; 38:43-49. [PMID: 29862899 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2018.1480149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forward head posture lengthens mylohyoid muscles, but its impact on swallowing is unknown. This study determined the effect of sagittal plane neck alignment on surface electromyographic parameters from mylohyoid muscles during oropharyngeal swallowing in healthy, young women. METHODS Surface EMG over bilateral mylohyoid muscles was recorded in 10 female subjects (22-37 y, Mean = 30 (5.1)) for average peak amplitude (μV). Percent time to peak activity and duration [s] were recorded in three different sitting postures: habitual posture (HP), exaggerated forward head posture (FHP), and optimal posture (OP) with head positioned in alignment with the spine. RESULTS Paired t-tests revealed that HP produced lower mylohyoid average peak amplitude than the FHP or OP. OP had greater average percent time to peak mylohyoid activity than HP. DISCUSSION HP yielded the most efficient mylohyoid activity. Muscle activation during swallowing should be addressed when training young women about OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holland
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, the City University of New York , New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne Babyar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, the City University of New York , New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianne Carroll
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, the City University of New York , New York, NY, USA
| | - Sierra Hunt
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, the City University of New York , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark Wnukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hunter College, the City University of New York , New York, NY, USA
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Text neck and neck pain in 18–21-year-old young adults. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2018; 27:1249-1254. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stolinski L, Kozinoga M, Czaprowski D, Tyrakowski M, Cerny P, Suzuki N, Kotwicki T. Two-dimensional digital photography for child body posture evaluation: standardized technique, reliable parameters and normative data for age 7-10 years. SCOLIOSIS AND SPINAL DISORDERS 2017; 12:38. [PMID: 29276784 PMCID: PMC5738151 DOI: 10.1186/s13013-017-0146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital photogrammetry provides measurements of body angles or distances which allow for quantitative posture assessment with or without the use of external markers. It is becoming an increasingly popular tool for the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this paper is to present a structured method for the analysis of posture and its changes using a standardized digital photography technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS The purpose of the study was twofold. The first one comprised 91 children (44 girls and 47 boys) aged 7-10 (8.2 ± 1.0), i.e., students of primary school, and its aim was to develop the photographic method, choose the quantitative parameters, and determine the intraobserver reliability (repeatability) along with the interobserver reliability (reproducibility) measurements in sagittal plane using digital photography, as well as to compare the Rippstein plurimeter and digital photography measurements. The second one involved 7782 children (3804 girls, 3978 boys) aged 7-10 (8.4 ± 0.5), who underwent digital photography postural screening. The methods consisted in measuring and calculating selected parameters, establishing the normal ranges of photographic parameters, presenting percentile charts, as well as noticing common pitfalls and possible sources of errors in digital photography. RESULTS A standardized procedure for the photographic evaluation of child body posture was presented. The photographic measurements revealed very good intra- and inter-rater reliability regarding the five sagittal parameters and good reliability performed against Rippstein plurimeter measurements. The parameters displayed insignificant variability over time. Normative data were calculated based on photographic assessment, while the percentile charts were provided to serve as reference values. The technical errors observed during photogrammetry are carefully discussed in this article. CONCLUSIONS Technical developments are allowed for the regular use of digital photogrammetry in body posture assessment. Specific child positioning (described above) enables us to avoid incidentally modified posture. Image registration is simple, quick, harmless, and cost-effective. The semi-automatic image analysis, together with the normal values and percentile charts, makes the technique reliable in terms of child's posture documentation and corrective therapy effects' monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Stolinski
- Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. no. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
- Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland
- Rehasport Clinic Licensed Rehabilitation Center, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - M. Kozinoga
- Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. no. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
- Rehasport Clinic, Poznan, Poland
| | - D. Czaprowski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Józef Rusiecki University College, Olsztyn, Poland
- Center of Body Posture, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M. Tyrakowski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Otwock, Poland
| | - P. Cerny
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- ORTOTIKA, s. r. o, Faculty at Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N. Suzuki
- Scoliosis Center, Medical Scanning Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kotwicki
- Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. no. 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
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Camargo MZ, Oliveira MRD, Fujisawa DS. Evolution of postural alignment in preschool and school phases: A longitudinal study. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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The Influence of Natural Head Position on the Cervical Sagittal Alignment. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:2941048. [PMID: 29065584 PMCID: PMC5572597 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2941048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the relationship between the parameters related to the natural head position and cervical segmental angles and alignment of patients with neck pain. Material and Methods The lateral radiographs of the cervical spine were collected from 103 patients and were used to retrospectively analyze the correlation between the natural head position, cervical local sagittal angles, and alignment. Sagittal measurements were as follows: cervical curvature classification, slope of McGregor's line (McGS), local sagittal angles (C0–C2 angle, C2–C5 angle, C5–C7 angle, and C2–C7 angle), T1 slope, center of gravity of the head to sagittal vertical axis (CG–C7 SVA), and local sagittal alignment (C0–C2 SVA and C2–C7 SVA). Results McGS was significantly correlated to C0–C2 angle (r = 0.57), C0–C2 SVA (r = −0.53), C2–C7 SVA (r = −0.28), and CG–C7 SVA (r = −0.47). CG–C7 SVA was also significantly correlated to curvature type (r = 0.27), C5–C7 angle (r = −0.37), and C2–C7 angle (r = −0.39). Conclusions A backward shift with an extended head position may accompany a relatively normal curvature of the cervical spine. The effect of posture control in relieving abnormal mechanical state of the cervical spine needs to be further confirmed by biomechanical analysis.
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Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Straker LM. The associations of mobile touch screen device use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181220. [PMID: 28787453 PMCID: PMC5546699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) has increased rapidly over the last decade, and there are concerns that their use may have negative musculoskeletal consequences; yet evidence on the association of MTSD use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures is currently dispersed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available literature on musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures associated with MTSD use. The synthesised information may facilitate wise use of MTSDs and may identify areas in need of further research. METHODS EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO and Proquest electronic databases were searched for articles published up to June 2016, using keywords describing MTSD, musculoskeletal symptoms (e.g. pain, discomfort) and musculoskeletal exposures (e.g. posture, muscle activity). Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted relevant data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Due to heterogeneity in the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible and a structured narrative synthesis of the findings was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 9,908 articles were screened for eligibility with 45 articles finally included for review. Included articles were of cross-sectional, case-control or experimental laboratory study designs. No longitudinal studies were identified. Findings were presented and discussed in terms of the amount, features, tasks and positions of MTSD use and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal exposures. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence that MTSD use, and various aspects of its use (i.e. amount of usage, features, tasks and positions) are associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures. This is due to mainly low quality experimental and case-control laboratory studies, with few cross-sectional and no longitudinal studies. Further research is warranted in order to develop guidelines for wise use of MTSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin K. Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Kwok SWH, Lee PH, Lee RLT. Smart Device Use and Perceived Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes among Hong Kong Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020205. [PMID: 28218719 PMCID: PMC5334759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive electronic screen-based activities have been found to be associated with negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalences and patterns of smart device activities and the purposes and perceived outcomes related to smart device use, and the differences in patterns of smart device activities between adolescents who did and did not perceive these outcomes. The study was a cross-sectional survey of Hong Kong primary and secondary school students. Demographic characteristics, purpose and pattern of the activities, and frequencies of the outcomes were measured. Data from 960 adolescents aged 10-19 were analyzed. Nearly 86% of the sample use smart device daily. The one-week prevalence of perceived sleep deprivation, eye discomfort, musculoskeletal discomfort, family conflict and cyberbullying victimization related to smart device use were nearly 50%, 45%, 40%, 20% and 5% respectively. More than 25% of the respondents were at risk of negative outcomes related to smart device activities for more than 1 h per day, browsing and gaming on at least 4 days per week and watching TV/movies and posting on more than 2 days per week. Their patterns of smart device activities may put a significant number of them at risk of negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wai Hang Kwok
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Regina Lai Tong Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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