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Farkhani S, Payab M, Sharifi F, Sharifi Y, Mohammadi S, Shadman Z, Fahimfar N, Heshmat R, Hadizadeh A, Shafiee G, Nabipour I, Tavakoli F, Larijani B, Ebrahimpur M, Ostovar A. Association between pre-diabetes or diabetes and cognitive impairment in a community-dwelling older population: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:639-646. [PMID: 38932839 PMCID: PMC11196454 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Persistent uncontrolled hyperglycemia is recognized as one of the risk factors for cognitive disorders. Accordingly, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes may predispose individuals to cognitive impairment, particularly in cases where glycemic control is insufficient. The objective of this comprehensive study is to separately assess cognitive dysfunctions in diabetic and non-diabetic older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of phase 2 of the Bushehr elderly health program (BEHP). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-cog and categorical verbal fluency tests (CFTs). Patients were classified as non-diabetics, pre-diabetics, or diabetics based on the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus (DM). To compare the means of the two groups, we utilized the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. Additionally Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between pre-diabetes or DM and cognitive impairment. Results Out of 1533 participants, 693 (45.2%) were identified as having cognitive impairment. The average hemoglobin A1C was higher in participants with cognitive impairment compared to those without cognitive impairment. (5.8 ± 1.6% vs. 5.5 ± 1.4%, P = 0.004). Furthermore, the mean blood glucose levels were found to be more elevated in cases of cognitive impairment (108.0 ± 47.4 mg/dL vs. 102.1 ± 0.35 mg/dL, P = 0.002). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, amount of physical activity, and smoking, the multivariable logistic regression model, declared an association between diabetes and cognitive impairment (OR = 1.48, P = 0.003). In addition, older patients, females, widows, and individuals with elevated LDL-Cs and those with high blood pressure were found to be more vulnerable to cognitive impairment. Conclusion The Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEHP) study revealed that individuals affected with cognitive impairment may exhibit higher levels of HbA1c. This suggests a positive correlation between elevated HbA1c and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farkhani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Sharifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sammy Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shadman
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Hadizadeh
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farnaz Tavakoli
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Ward, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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LeVine SM. Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:689. [PMID: 38667304 PMCID: PMC11049304 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of iron occur in both cortical and subcortical regions of the CNS in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation is present early in the disease process as well as in more advanced stages. The factors potentially accounting for this increase are numerous, including: (1) Cells increase their uptake of iron and reduce their export of iron, as iron becomes sequestered (trapped within the lysosome, bound to amyloid β or tau, etc.); (2) metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; (3) inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, or other pathological disturbances (loss of neuronal interconnections, soluble amyloid β, etc.) trigger cells to acquire iron; and (4) following neurodegeneration, iron becomes trapped within microglia. Some of these mechanisms are also present in other neurological disorders and can also begin early in the disease course, indicating that iron accumulation is a relatively common event in neurological conditions. In response to pathogenic processes, the directed cellular efforts that contribute to iron buildup reflect the importance of correcting a functional iron deficiency to support essential biochemical processes. In other words, cells prioritize correcting an insufficiency of available iron while tolerating deposited iron. An analysis of the mechanisms accounting for iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease, and in other relevant neurological conditions, is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M LeVine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 3043, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Gu XM, Lu CY, Pan J, Ye JZ, Zhu QH. Alteration of intestinal microbiota is associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity: Samples collected from southeast coast Chinese. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:862-882. [PMID: 37383585 PMCID: PMC10294055 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current approaches for the therapy of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which was one of leading causes of visual impairment, have their limitations. Animal experiments revealed that restructuring of intestinal microbiota can prevent retinopathy. AIM To explore the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DR among patients in the southeast coast of China, and provide clues for novel ways to prevention and treatment methods of DR. METHODS The fecal samples of non-diabetics (Group C, n = 15) and diabetics (Group DM, n = 30), including 15 samples with DR (Group DR) and 15 samples without DR (Group D), were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Intestinal microbiota compositions were compared between Group C and Group DM, Group DR and Group D, as well as patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (Group PDR, n = 8) and patients without PDR (Group NPDR, n = 7). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between intestinal microbiota and clinical indicators. RESULTS The alpha and beta diversity did not differ significantly between Group DR and Group D as well as Group PDR and Group NPDR. At the family level, Fusobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were significantly increased in Group DR than in Group D (P < 0.05, respectively). At the genera level, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Adlercreutzia were increased in Group DR than Group D while Senegalimassilia was decreased (P < 0.05, respectively). Pseudomonas was negatively correlated with NK cell count (r = -0.39, P = 0.03). Further, the abundance of genera Eubacterium (P < 0.01), Peptococcus, Desulfovibrio, Acetanaerobacterium and Negativibacillus (P < 0.05, respectively) were higher in Group PDR compared to Group NPDR, while Pseudomonas, Alloprevotella and Tyzzerella (P < 0.05, respectively) were lower. Acetanaerobacterium and Desulfovibrio were positively correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.53 and 0.61, respectively, P < 0.05), when Negativibacillus was negatively correlated with B cell count (r = -0.67, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was associated with DR and its severity among patients in the southeast coast of China, probably by multiple mechanisms such as producing short-chain fatty acids, influencing permeability of blood vessels, affecting levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, B cell and insulin. Modulating gut microbiota composition might be a novel strategy for prevention of DR, particularly PDR in population above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Yin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Han Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D, Reed TT. Cellular Stress Response (Hormesis) in Response to Bioactive Nutraceuticals with Relevance to Alzheimer Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:643-669. [PMID: 36656673 PMCID: PMC10025851 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with aging. As the large Baby Boomer population ages, risk of developing AD increases significantly, and this portion of the population will increase significantly over the next several decades. Recent Advances: Research suggests that a delay in the age of onset by 5 years can dramatically decrease both the incidence and cost of AD. In this review, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in AD is examined in the context of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) and the beneficial potential of selected bioactive nutraceuticals. Critical Issues: Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to enhancer sequences in antioxidant response elements (ARE) of DNA, is significantly decreased in AD brain. Downstream targets of Nrf2 include, among other proteins, HO-1. BVR-A is activated when biliverdin is produced. Both HO-1 and BVR-A also are oxidatively or nitrosatively modified in AD brain and in its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), contributing to the oxidative stress, altered insulin signaling, and cellular damage observed in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Bioactive nutraceuticals exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties and are potential topics of future clinical research. Specifically, ferulic acid ethyl ester, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and resveratrol target Nrf2 and have shown potential to delay the progression of AD in animal models and in some studies involving MCI patients. Future Directions: Understanding the regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets can potentially elucidate therapeutic options for delaying the progression of AD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 643-669.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Physics, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, USA
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Liu J, Chen Y, Lu X, Xu X, Bulloch G, Zhu S, Zhu Z, Ge Z, Wang W, Shang X, He M. The Association between Dietary Iron Intake and Incidence of Dementia in Adults Aged 60 Years or over in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020260. [PMID: 36678132 PMCID: PMC9865143 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated the association between dietary iron intake and cognitive impairment, but little is known about the relationship between iron intake and dementia incidence. Objectives This study explored the association between dietary iron intake and incident dementia in males and females. Whether this association was modified by factors such as age and medical diseases was also examined. Methods We included 41,213 males and 48,892 females aged 60 years or over, from the UK-Biobank cohort. Dietary iron intake was measured using a web-based 24-h dietary recall questionnaire from between 2009 and 2012. Incident dementia was ascertained using hospital inpatient records and death registers until April 2021. Cox proportional regression models examined the association between iron intake and incident dementia, and hazard ratio curves were constructed with knots from the analysis indicating insufficient or excessive iron intake. Results During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, 560 males and 492 females developed dementia. A non-linear relationship between iron intake and incident dementia was observed in both males and females. The lowest incidence rates were observed in the higher iron intake quintile (Q4: ≥15.73, <17.57 mg/day) for males, and the intermediate iron intake quintile (Q3: ≥12.4, <13.71 mg/day) for females. Among those aged 60 and above, all-cause dementia in males was associated with deficient iron intake (Q1 versus Q4: Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37, 95% Confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01−1.86, p = 0.042) and excessive iron intake (Q5 versus Q4: HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.14−1.96, p = 0.003), whilst significant associations between all-cause dementia and deficient iron intake were only observed in females without hypertension. Smoking status was a significant moderator (p-value for trend = 0.017) for dementia in males only. Conclusions Excessive iron intake (≥17.57 mg/day) is associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in males and smoking status modified this association amongst males. Deficient iron intake (<10.93 mg/day) was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause dementia in females without a history of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Yutong Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xi Lu
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Susan Zhu
- Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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Neurofilament Light Chain (NF-L) Stimulates Lipid Peroxidation to Neuronal Membrane through Microglia-Derived Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH) Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3938940. [PMID: 35368870 PMCID: PMC8972155 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3938940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A part of the axonal cytoskeleton protein complex, neurofilament light chain (NF-L) has been suggested as a pathological hallmark in various neurological disorders, including hemorrhagic stroke, vascular dementia, and cerebral small vessel disease. Neuroaxonal debris are mainly engulfed and phagocytosed by microglia, while the effects of NF-L on microglia have not been elucidated. Ferritin heavy chain (FTH) not only reflects the age-related status of microglia but may also be secreted into the extracellular space. After treatment of microglia with varying concentrations of NF-L (0-3 μg/ml), we found robust increases in the number of secretory FTH-containing exosomes in the medium. Induction of the FTH-containing exosomes secreted from microglia stimulates neuronal loss and membrane lipid peroxidation, as assessed by CKK8 and C11-Bodipy581/591, respectively. However, this oxidative stress damage was attenuated by blocking Fth1 expression. Our results suggest that NF-L, as a biomarker of axonal injury itself, could participate in neuronal ferroptosis in a nonclassical manner by secreting FTH-containing exosomes from microglia into the extracellular matrix.
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Roy M, Pal I, Dey C, Dey A, Dey SG. Electronic structure and reactivity of heme bound insulin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance as well as insulin deficiency are said to be principal to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm). Heme has also been suggested to play an important role in the disease etiology since many of the heme deficiency symptoms constitute the common pathological features of T2Dm. Besides, iron overload, higher heme iron intake and transfusion requiring diseases are associated with a higher risk of T2Dm development. In this study the interaction between these two key components i.e. heme and insulin has been studied spectroscopically under different conditions which include the effect of excess peptide as well as increasing pH. The resultant heme-insulin complexes in their reduced state are found to produce very little partially reduced oxygen species (PROS) on getting oxidized by molecular oxygen. The interaction between insulin and previously reported T2Dm relevant heme-amylin complex were also examined using absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The corresponding data suggest that insulin sequesters heme from heme-amylin to form the much less cytotoxic heme-insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chinmay Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Zhang N, Yu X, Xie J, Xu H. New Insights into the Role of Ferritin in Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2812-2823. [PMID: 33507490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that iron deposition is one of the key factors leading to neuronal death in the neurodegenerative diseases. Ferritin is a hollow iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL), which plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Recently, the discovery of extracellular ferritin and ferritin in exosomes indicates that ferritin might be not only an iron storage protein within the cell, but might also be an important factor in the regulation of tissue and body iron homeostasis. In this review, we first described the structural characteristics, regulation and the physiological functions of ferritin. Secondly, we reviewed the current evidence concerning the mechanisms underlying the secretion of ferritin and the possible role of secreted ferritin in the brain. Then, we summarized the relationship between ferritin and the neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroferritinopathy (NF). Given the importance and relationship between iron and neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the role of ferritin in the brain can be expected to contribute to our knowledge of iron dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Jiang YY, Shui JC, Zhang BX, Chin JW, Yue RS. The Potential Roles of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585487. [PMID: 33381036 PMCID: PMC7768903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has become a global public health problem. Studies on T2DM prevention and treatment mostly focus on discovering therapeutic drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives were originally used as antimalarial treatments. In recent years, the roles of artemisinins in T2DM have attracted much attention. Artemisinin treatments not only attenuate insulin resistance and restore islet ß-cell function in T2DM but also have potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications, including diabetic kidney disease, cognitive impairment, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed the therapeutic utility of artemisinin and its derivatives on T2DM, but no article has systematically demonstrated the specific role artemisinin plays in the treatment of T2DM. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects and mechanism of artemisinin and its derivatives in T2DM and associated complications, providing a reference for subsequent related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Shui
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Xun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Song Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chandrasekaran K, Choi J, Arvas MI, Salimian M, Singh S, Xu S, Gullapalli RP, Kristian T, Russell JW. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113756. [PMID: 32466541 PMCID: PMC7313029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes predisposes to cognitive decline leading to dementia and is associated with decreased brain NAD+ levels. This has triggered an intense interest in boosting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels to prevent dementia. We tested if the administration of the precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), can prevent diabetes-induced memory deficits. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ). After 3 months of diabetes, hippocampal NAD+ levels were decreased (p = 0.011). In vivo localized high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the hippocampus showed an increase in the levels of glucose (p < 0.001), glutamate (p < 0.001), gamma aminobutyric acid (p = 0.018), myo-inositol (p = 0.018), and taurine (p < 0.001) and decreased levels of N-acetyl aspartate (p = 0.002) and glutathione (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in hippocampal CA1 neuronal volume (p < 0.001) and neuronal number (p < 0.001) in the Diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed hippocampal related memory deficits. Intraperitoneal NMN (100 mg/kg) was given after induction and confirmation of diabetes and was provided on alternate days for 3 months. NMN increased brain NAD+ levels, normalized the levels of glutamate, taurine, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and glutathione. NMN-treatment prevented the loss of CA1 neurons and rescued the memory deficits despite having no significant effect on hyperglycemic or lipidemic control. In hippocampal protein extracts from Diabetic rats, SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels were decreased, and acetylation of proteins increased. NMN treatment prevented the diabetes-induced decrease in both SIRT1 and PGC-1α and promoted deacetylation of proteins. Our results indicate that NMN increased brain NAD+, activated the SIRT1 pathway, preserved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function, prevented neuronal loss, and preserved cognition in Diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Joungil Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Arvas
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohammad Salimian
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sujal Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.X.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.X.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James William Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Yorke E, Boima V, Dey ID, Ganu V, Nkornu N, Acquaye KS, Mate-Kole CC. Comparison of neurocognitive changes among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with and without dysglycaemia. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:143. [PMID: 32245444 PMCID: PMC7119271 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes often occurs together with tuberculosis (TB) and both may affect each other negatively. Diabetes may be associated with neurocognitive dysfunctioning in affected patients and may negatively impact treatment adherence and outcomes. This study compared the neurocognitive status between newly diagnosed smear positive tuberculosis patients with dysglycaemia and those with normoglycaemia. METHODS The current study was a cross-sectional study involving one hundred and forty-six (146) newly diagnosed smear positive TB patients. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and the results were categorized as either normoglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes. Neurocognitive functioning among study participants was assessed at the time of TB diagnosis using Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Spitzer Quality of Life Index (QLI). RESULTS The mean age of the participants (n = 146) was 38.7 years with 78.8% being males and 21.2% females. Using the fasting blood glucose test, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes were 5.5 and 3.4% respectively, both representing a total of 13 out of the 146 participants; whilst the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes using 2-h post-glucose values were 28.8 and 11.6% respectively, both representing a total of 59 out of the 146 participants. There were no significant differences in the mean scores on the neurocognitive measures between the dysglaycaemia and normoglycamic groups using fasting plasma glucose (FPG). However, there were significant differences in the mean scores between the dysglycaemia and normal groups using 2-h postprandial (2HPP) glucose values on Phobic Anxiety (Normal, Mean = 0.38 ± 0.603; dysglycaemia, Mean = 0.23 ± 0.356; p = 0.045), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (17.26 ± 5.981 vs. 15.04 ± 5.834, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Newly diagnosed smear positive patients with dysglycaemia were associated with significantly lower mean cognitive scores and scores on phobic anxiety than those with normoglyacaemia. The latter finding must be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Ida Dzifa Dey
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, School of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Vincent Ganu
- Department of Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Norah Nkornu
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kelvin Samuel Acquaye
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - C. Charles Mate-Kole
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
- Centre for Ageing Studies, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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12
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Contreras A, Morales L, Del Olmo N, Pérez-García C. Effects of Intermittent versus Chronic-Moderate Ethanol Administration during Adolescence in the Adult Hippocampal Phosphoproteome. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:448-460. [PMID: 31944673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during adolescence is known to cause different impairments in the hippocampus that could lead to persistent deficits in adulthood. A common pattern of alcohol use in adolescents consists of excessive and intermittent alcohol consumption over a very short period of time (binge drinking). Protein phosphorylation is a mechanism underlying memory processes and we have previously demonstrated changes in the rat hippocampal phosphoproteome after a single dose of ethanol; however, studies showing the phosphoprotein alterations in the hippocampus after repeated exposition to alcohol are limited. This study focuses on the identification of the phosphoproteins differentially regulated in the adolescent rat hippocampus after repeated ethanol administration by comparing different patterns of alcohol treatments according to dose and frequency of administration ((i) moderate dose-chronic use, (ii) low dose-intermittent use, and (iii) high dose-intermittent use). We have used a proteomic approach, including phosphoprotein enrichment by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, which revealed 21 proteins differentially affected depending on the pattern of alcohol treatment used. Many of these proteins are included in glycolysis and glucagon signaling pathways and are also involved in neurodegeneration, which could reinforce the role of metabolic alterations in the neural damage induced by repeated alcohol exposure during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad CEU-San Pablo , Madrid 28003 , Spain
| | - Lidia Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad CEU-San Pablo , Madrid 28003 , Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad CEU-San Pablo , Madrid 28003 , Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad CEU-San Pablo , Madrid 28003 , Spain
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13
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Kara H, Gungor E, Coban MB, Acar Y. Crystal structure and magnetic characterizationof μ6–oxo bridged Hexanuclear Fe(III) complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Altered sirtuins 1 and 2 expression in the brain of rats induced by experimental diabetes and the ways of its correction. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Khan S, Cohen D. Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1654-1665. [PMID: 30457688 PMCID: PMC6587731 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past several decades there has been much interest in the existence of magnetite particles in the human brain and their accumulation with age. These particles also appear to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. However, up to now the amount and distribution of these particles has been measured only in post‐mortem brain tissue. Although in‐vivo MRI measurements do show iron compounds generally, MRI cannot separate them according to their magnetic phases, which are associated with their chemical interactions. In contrast, we here offer a new noninvasive, in‐vivo method which is selectively sensitive only to particles which can be strongly magnetized. We magnetize these particles with a strong magnetic field through the head, and then measure the resulting magnetic fields, using the dcMagnetoencephalogram (dcMEG). From these data, the mass and locations of the particles can be estimated, using a distributed inverse solution. To test the method, we measured 11 healthy male subjects (ages 19–89 year). Accumulation of magnetite, in the hippocampal formation or nearby structures, was observed in the older men. These in‐vivo findings agree with reports of post‐mortem measurements of their locations, and of their accumulation with age. Thus, our findings allow in‐vivo measurement of magnetite in the human brain, and possibly open the door for new studies of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Khan
- Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Cohen
- Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts.,Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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16
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Pretorius L, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes as Causative Agents for Impaired Blood Rheology and Pathological Clotting in Alzheimer's Type Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:851. [PMID: 30519157 PMCID: PMC6251002 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and other similar dementias are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders whose etiology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown, even after decades of research. With the anticipated increase in prevalence of Alzheimer’s type dementias among the more susceptible aging population, the need for disease-modifying treatments is urgent. While various hypotheses have been put forward over the last few decades, we suggest that Alzheimer’s type dementias are triggered by external environmental factors, co-expressing in individuals with specific genetic susceptibilities. These external stressors are defined in the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes (IDDM) hypothesis, previously put forward. This hypothesis is consistent with current literature in which serum ferritin levels of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease are significantly higher compared those of age- and gender-matched controls. While iron dysregulation contributes to oxidative stress, it also causes microbial reactivation and virulence of the so-called dormant blood (and tissue) microbiome. Dysbiosis (changes in the microbiome) or previous infections can contribute to the dormant blood microbiome (atopobiosis1), and also directly promotes systemic inflammation via the amyloidogenic formation and shedding of potent inflammagens such as lipopolysaccharides. The simultaneous iron dysregulation and microbial aberrations affect the hematological system, promoting fibrin amylodiogenesis, and pathological clotting. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress can contribute to blood brain barrier permeability and the ensuing neuro-inflammation, characteristic of Alzheimer’s type dementias. While large inter-individual variability exists, especially concerning disease pathogenesis, the IDDM hypothesis acknowledges primary causative factors which can be targeted for early diagnosis and/or for prevention of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesha Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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17
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Ostroumova OD, Surkova EV, Chikh EV, Rebrova EV, Borisov MS. Cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of antidiabetic drugs. DIABETES MELLITUS 2018. [DOI: 10.14341/dm9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a large amount of data has been accumulated on the relationship between cognitive impairment, dementia and diabetes mellitus. This article presents an overview of modern literature, including the definition of cognitive functions, the modern classification of cognitive impairment, pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetes mellitus influence on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia (neurogenesis, integrity of the blood-brain barrier, systemic inflammatory reactions, hyper- and hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction of the microvasculature and increase in glucocorticosteroids). The influence of anti-diabetic medications on cognitive functions has been examined in detail: insulin preparations, oral hypoglycemic agents of the biguanide group (metformin), thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), sulfonylurea derivatives (glycazide, glipizide), a-glucosidase (acarbose) inhibitors, incretin-directed therapy (receptor agonists glucan-like peptide (exenatide and liraglutide) and inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase type 4 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin)), sodium glucose inhibitors cotransporter type 2. The data demonstrating a multidirectional effect on the cognitive functions of various antidiabetic drugs is presented, the possible influence on the rate of progression of cognitive impairment and the risk of dementia of intensive control of plasma glucose level in comparison with the standard decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes is analyzed.
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18
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. No effects without causes: the Iron Dysregulation and Dormant Microbes hypothesis for chronic, inflammatory diseases. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1518-1557. [PMID: 29575574 PMCID: PMC6055827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful conquest of many acute, communicable (infectious) diseases through the use of vaccines and antibiotics, the currently most prevalent diseases are chronic and progressive in nature, and are all accompanied by inflammation. These diseases include neurodegenerative (e.g. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), vascular (e.g. atherosclerosis, pre-eclampsia, type 2 diabetes) and autoimmune (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) diseases that may appear to have little in common. In fact they all share significant features, in particular chronic inflammation and its attendant inflammatory cytokines. Such effects do not happen without underlying and initially 'external' causes, and it is of interest to seek these causes. Taking a systems approach, we argue that these causes include (i) stress-induced iron dysregulation, and (ii) its ability to awaken dormant, non-replicating microbes with which the host has become infected. Other external causes may be dietary. Such microbes are capable of shedding small, but functionally significant amounts of highly inflammagenic molecules such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Sequelae include significant coagulopathies, not least the recently discovered amyloidogenic clotting of blood, leading to cell death and the release of further inflammagens. The extensive evidence discussed here implies, as was found with ulcers, that almost all chronic, infectious diseases do in fact harbour a microbial component. What differs is simply the microbes and the anatomical location from and at which they exert damage. This analysis offers novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- The Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester, 131 Princess StreetManchesterLancsM1 7DNU.K.
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
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19
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress/autophagy pathway is involved in diabetes-induced neuronal apoptosis and cognitive decline in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:111-125. [PMID: 29212786 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health problem depicting a rising prevalence worldwide. As a serious complication of diabetes, diabetes-associated cognitive decline is attracting increasing attention. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully determined. Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been reported to modulate neuronal survival and death and be associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Here, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and primary cultured mouse hippocampal neurons were employed to investigate the possible role of ER stress and autophagy in diabetes-induced neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairments, and further explore the potential molecular mechanisms. ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP were both enhanced in diabetic mice, as was phosphorylation of PERK, IRE1α, and JNK. In addition, the results indicated an elevated level of autophagy in diabetic mice, as demonstrated by up-regulated expressions of autophagy markers LC3-II, beclin 1 and down-regulated level of p62, and increased formation of autophagic vacuoles and LC3-II aggregates. Meanwhile, we found that these effects could be abolished by ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate or JNK inhibitor SP600125 in vitro. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis of diabetic mice was attenuated by pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyrate, while aggravated by application of inhibitor of autophagy bafilomycin A1 in vitro. These results suggest that ER stress pathway may be involved in diabetes-mediated neurotoxicity and promote the following cognitive impairments. More important, autophagy was induced by diabetes possibly through ER stress-mediated JNK pathway, which may protect neurons against ER stress-associated cell damages.
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20
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Wu J, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li H, Gao Z. Strong Inhibitory Effect of Heme on hIAPP Fibrillation. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1711-1719. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hailing Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Hendrick E, Peixoto P, Blomme A, Polese C, Matheus N, Cimino J, Frère A, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Serteyn D, Bettendorff L, Elmoualij B, De Tullio P, Eppe G, Dequiedt F, Castronovo V, Mottet D. Metabolic inhibitors accentuate the anti-tumoral effect of HDAC5 inhibition. Oncogene 2017; 36:4859-4874. [PMID: 28414307 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The US FDA approval of broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has firmly laid the cancer community to explore HDAC inhibition as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Hitting one HDAC member could yield clinical benefit but this required a complete understanding of the functions of the different HDAC members. Here we explored the consequences of specific HDAC5 inhibition in cancer cells. We demonstrated that HDAC5 inhibition induces an iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death as well as mechanisms of mitochondria quality control (mitophagy and mitobiogenesis). Interestingly, adaptation of HDAC5-depleted cells to oxidative stress passes through reprogramming of metabolic pathways towards glucose and glutamine. Therefore, interference with both glucose and glutamine supply in HDAC5-inhibited cancer cells significantly increases apoptotic cell death and reduces tumour growth in vivo; providing insight into a valuable clinical strategy combining the selective inhibition of HDAC5 with various inhibitors of metabolism as a new therapy to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hendrick
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Peixoto
- University of Liege, GIGA-Cancer, Metastasis Research Laboratory (MRL), Liège, Belgium
| | - A Blomme
- University of Liege, GIGA-Cancer, Metastasis Research Laboratory (MRL), Liège, Belgium
| | - C Polese
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Matheus
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Cimino
- University of Liege, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology (LBTD), Liège, Belgium
| | - A Frère
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium.,University of Liege, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy (LTPB), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
| | - A Mouithys-Mickalad
- University of Liege, Centre for Oxygen, R&D (CORD), Institute of Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - D Serteyn
- University of Liege, Centre for Oxygen, R&D (CORD), Institute of Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Bettendorff
- University of Liege, GIGA-Signal Neurosciences, Laboratory of Pathological Aging and Epilepsy, Liège, Belgium
| | - B Elmoualij
- University of Liege, Department of Human Histology-CRPP, Liège, Belgium
| | - P De Tullio
- University of Liege, Drug Research Center, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Medicinal Chemistry Department, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Eppe
- University of Liege, CART-LSM, Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Liège, Belgium
| | - F Dequiedt
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
| | - V Castronovo
- University of Liege, GIGA-Cancer, Metastasis Research Laboratory (MRL), Liège, Belgium
| | - D Mottet
- University of Liege, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Protein Signalisation and Interaction (PSI) Laboratory, Liège, Belgium
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22
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de la Monte SM. Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration: Progress Towards the Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Drugs 2017; 77:47-65. [PMID: 27988872 PMCID: PMC5575843 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be regarded as a degenerative metabolic disease caused by brain insulin resistance and deficiency, and overlapping with the molecular, biochemical, pathophysiological, and metabolic dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Although most of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over the past several decades have focused on amyloid-beta (Aβ42) and aberrantly phosphorylated tau, which could be caused by consequences of brain insulin resistance, the broader array of pathologies including white matter atrophy with loss of myelinated fibrils and leukoaraiosis, non-Aβ42 microvascular disease, dysregulated lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytic gliosis, neuro-inflammation, and loss of synapses vis-à-vis growth of dystrophic neurites, is not readily accounted for by Aβ42 accumulations, but could be explained by dysregulated insulin/IGF-1 signaling with attendant impairments in signal transduction and gene expression. This review covers the diverse range of brain abnormalities in AD and discusses how insulins, incretins, and insulin sensitizers could be utilized to treat at different stages of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pierre Galletti Research Building, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with evidence of abnormal structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes and are further exacerbated by the metabolic syndrome. The duration of diabetes and glycemic control may have an impact on the type and severity of cognitive impairment, but as yet we cannot predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment is multifactorial, although dysfunction in each interconnecting pathway ultimately leads to discordance in metabolic signaling. The pathophysiology includes defects in insulin signaling, autonomic function, neuroinflammatory pathways, mitochondrial (Mt) metabolism, the sirtuin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1α (SIRT-PGC-1α) axis, and Tau signaling. Several promising therapies have been identified in pre-clinical studies, but remain to be validated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Zilliox
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Krish Chadrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Justin Y Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, Maryland VA Healthcare System and University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, 3S-129, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA.
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24
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Iron-induced neuronal damage in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroscience 2016; 330:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Jha SK, Jha NK, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and stress signaling in Neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1132-1146. [PMID: 27345267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). For instance, accumulated Aβ oligomer is enhancing neuronal Ca2+ release and neural NO where increased NO level in the brain through post translational modification is modulating the level of insulin production. It has been further confirmed that irrespective of origin; brain insulin resistance triggers a cascade of the neurodegeneration phenomenon which can be aggravated by free reactive oxygen species burden, ER stress, metabolic dysfunction, neuorinflammation, reduced cell survival and altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, several studies confirmed that MetS and diabetic sharing common mechanisms in the progression of AD and NDDs where mitochondrial dynamics playing a critical role. Any mutation in mitochondrial DNA, exposure of environmental toxin, high-calorie intake, homeostasis imbalance, glucolipotoxicity is causative factors for mitochondrial dysfunction. These cumulative pleiotropic burdens in mitochondria leads to insulin resistance, increased ROS production; enhanced stress-related enzymes that is directly linked MetS and diabetes in neurodegeneration. Since, the linkup mechanism between mitochondrial dysfunction and disease phenomenon of both MetS and NDDs is quite intriguing, therefore, it is pertinent for the researchers to identify and implement the therapeutic interventions for targeting MetS and NDDs. Herein, we elucidated the pertinent role of MetS induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons and their consequences in NDDs. Further, therapeutic potential of well-known biomolecules and chaperones to target altered mitochondria has been comprehensively documented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Abraham NG, Junge JM, Drummond GS. Translational Significance of Heme Oxygenase in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:17-36. [PMID: 26515032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity continues unabated with sequelae of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review reflects the dramatic increase in research on the role of increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1/HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and HO activity on vascular disease. The HO system engages with other systems to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent reports indicate that HO-1/HO-2 protein expression and HO activity have several important roles in hemostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome. HO-1 protects tissue during inflammatory stress in obesity through the degradation of pro-oxidant heme and the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. By contrast, repression of HO-1 is associated with increases of cellular heme and inflammatory conditions including hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. HO-1 is a major focus in the development of potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the clinical complications of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Joshua M Junge
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - George S Drummond
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Salkovic-Petrisic M, Knezovic A, Osmanovic-Barilar J, Smailovic U, Trkulja V, Riederer P, Amit T, Mandel S, Youdim MB. Multi-target iron-chelators improve memory loss in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2015; 136:108-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Vicente-Rodríguez M, Herradón G, Ferrer-Alcón M, Uribarri M, Pérez-García C. Chronic Cocaine Use Causes Changes in the Striatal Proteome Depending on the Endogenous Expression of Pleiotrophin. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1443-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Uribarri
- BRAINco Biopharma, S.L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Morgen K, Frölich L. The metabolism hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: from the concept of central insulin resistance and associated consequences to insulin therapy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:499-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brain catalase in the streptozotocin-rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease treated with the iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor, M30. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:559-64. [PMID: 25252744 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low intracerebroventricular (icv) doses of streptozotocin (STZ) produce regionally specific brain neurochemical changes in rats that are similar to those found in the brain of patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Since oxidative stress is thought to be one of the major pathologic processes in sAD, catalase (CAT) activity was estimated in the regional brain tissue of animals treated intracerebroventricularly with STZ and the multitarget iron chelator, antioxidant and MAO-inhibitor M30 [5-(N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline]. Five-day oral pre-treatment of adult male Wistar rats with 10 mg/kg/day M30 dose was followed by a single injection of STZ (1 mg/kg, icv). CAT activity was measured colorimetrically in the hippocampus (HPC), brain stem (BS) and cerebellum (CB) of the control, STZ-, M30- and STZ + M30-treated rats, respectively, 4 weeks after the STZ treatment. STZ-treated rats demonstrated significantly lower CAT activity in all three brain regions in comparison to the controls (p < 0.05 for BS and CB, p < 0.01 for HPC). M30 pre-treatment of the control rats did not influence the CAT activity in HPC and CB, but significantly increased it in BS (p < 0.05). M30 pre-treatment of STZ-treated rats significantly increased CAT activity in the HPC in comparison to the STZ treatment alone (p < 0.05) and normalized to the control values. These findings are in line with the assumption that reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathogenesis of STZ in a rat model of sAD and indicate that multifunctional iron chelators such as M30 might also have beneficial effects in this non-transgenic sAD model.
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Choi J, Chandrasekaran K, Demarest TG, Kristian T, Xu S, Vijaykumar K, Dsouza KG, Qi NR, Yarowsky PJ, Gallipoli R, Koch LG, Fiskum GM, Britton SL, Russell JW. Brain diabetic neurodegeneration segregates with low intrinsic aerobic capacity. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:589-604. [PMID: 25356430 PMCID: PMC4184561 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes leads to cognitive impairment and is associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, understanding diabetes-induced alterations in brain function is important for developing early interventions for neurodegeneration. Low-capacity runner (LCR) rats are obese and manifest metabolic risk factors resembling human "impaired glucose tolerance" or metabolic syndrome. We examined hippocampal function in aged LCR rats compared to their high-capacity runner (HCR) rat counterparts. METHODS Hippocampal function was examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, unbiased stereology analysis, and a Y maze. Changes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain function and levels of hyperphosphorylated tau and mitochondrial transcriptional regulators were examined. RESULTS The levels of glutamate, myo-inositol, taurine, and choline-containing compounds were significantly increased in the aged LCR rats. We observed a significant loss of hippocampal neurons and impaired cognitive function in aged LCR rats. Respiratory chain function and activity were significantly decreased in the aged LCR rats. Hyperphosphorylated tau was accumulated within mitochondria and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α, the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A were downregulated in the aged LCR rat hippocampus. INTERPRETATION These data provide evidence of a neurodegenerative process in the hippocampus of aged LCR rats, consistent with those seen in aged-related dementing illnesses such as AD in humans. The metabolic and mitochondrial abnormalities observed in LCR rat hippocampus are similar to well-described mechanisms that lead to diabetic neuropathy and may provide an important link between cognitive and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungil Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Krish Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Tyler G Demarest
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Kadambari Vijaykumar
- Department of Neurology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Kevin Geoffrey Dsouza
- Department of Neurology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Nathan R Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Paul J Yarowsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Rao Gallipoli
- Department of Radiology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Gary M Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - James W Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
- Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland, 21201
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Miyashita A, Hatsuta H, Kikuchi M, Nakaya A, Saito Y, Tsukie T, Hara N, Ogishima S, Kitamura N, Akazawa K, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Murayama S, Ihara Y, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R. Genes associated with the progression of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e396. [PMID: 26126179 PMCID: PMC4080317 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), intraneuronal aggregates of highly phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, across the human brain is correlated with the cognitive severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify genes relevant to NFT expansion defined by the Braak stage, we conducted whole-genome exon array analysis with an exploratory sample set consisting of 213 human post-mortem brain tissue specimens from the entorinal, temporal and frontal cortices of 71 brain-donor subjects: Braak NFT stages 0 (N=13), I-II (N=20), III-IV (N=19) and V-VI (N=19). We identified eight genes, RELN, PTGS2, MYO5C, TRIL, DCHS2, GRB14, NPAS4 and PHYHD1, associated with the Braak stage. The expression levels of three genes, PHYHD1, MYO5C and GRB14, exhibited reproducible association on real-time quantitative PCR analysis. In another sample set, including control subjects (N=30), and in patients with late-onset AD (N=37), dementia with Lewy bodies (N=17) and Parkinson disease (N=36), the expression levels of two genes, PHYHD1 and MYO5C, were obviously associated with late-onset AD. Protein-protein interaction network analysis with a public database revealed that PHYHD1 interacts with MYO5C via POT1, and PHYHD1 directly interacts with amyloid beta-peptide 42. It is thus likely that functional failure of PHYHD1 and MYO5C could lead to AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. E-mails: or
| | - H Hatsuta
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Research Association for Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Nakaya
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tsukie
- Research Association for Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Ogishima
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - N Kitamura
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - A Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. E-mails: or
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Janssens J, Etienne H, Idriss S, Azmi A, Martin B, Maudsley S. Systems-Level G Protein-Coupled Receptor Therapy Across a Neurodegenerative Continuum by the GLP-1 Receptor System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:142. [PMID: 25225492 PMCID: PMC4150252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With our increasing appreciation of the true complexity of diseases and pathophysiologies, it is clear that this knowledge needs to inform the future development of pharmacotherapeutics. For many disorders, the disease mechanism itself is a complex process spanning multiple signaling networks, tissues, and organ systems. Identifying the precise nature and locations of the pathophysiology is crucial for the creation of systemically effective drugs. Diseases once considered constrained to a limited range of organ systems, e.g., central neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington' disease (HD), the role of multiple central and peripheral organ systems in the etiology of such diseases is now widely accepted. With this knowledge, it is increasingly clear that these seemingly distinct neurodegenerative disorders (AD, PD, and HD) possess multiple pathophysiological similarities thereby demonstrating an inter-related continuum of disease-related molecular alterations. With this systems-level appreciation of neurodegenerative diseases, it is now imperative to consider that pharmacotherapeutics should be developed specifically to address the systemic imbalances that create the disorders. Identification of potential systems-level signaling axes may facilitate the generation of therapeutic agents with synergistic remedial activity across multiple tissues, organ systems, and even diseases. Here, we discuss the potentially therapeutic systems-level interaction of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) ligand-receptor axis with multiple aspects of the AD, PD, and HD neurodegenerative continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Harmonie Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sherif Idriss
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Stuart Maudsley, Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Building V, Antwerpen B2610, Belgium e-mail:
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Crespo ÂC, Silva B, Marques L, Marcelino E, Maruta C, Costa S, Timóteo A, Vilares A, Couto FS, Faustino P, Correia AP, Verdelho A, Porto G, Guerreiro M, Herrero A, Costa C, de Mendonça A, Costa L, Martins M. Genetic and biochemical markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease support a concerted systemic iron homeostasis dysregulation. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:777-85. [PMID: 24199959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly individuals, resulting from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Impaired brain iron homeostasis has been recognized as an important mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of this disease. Nevertheless, the knowledge gathered so far at the systemic level is clearly insufficient. Herein, we used an integrative approach to study iron metabolism in the periphery, at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, in a sample of 116 patients with AD and 89 healthy control subjects. To assess the potential impact of iron metabolism on the risk of developing AD, genetic analyses were performed along with the evaluation of the iron status profile in peripheral blood by biochemical and gene expression studies. The results obtained showed a significant decrease of serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin concentrations in patients compared with the control subjects. Also, a significant decrease of ferroportin (SLC40A1) and both transferrin receptors TFRC and TFR2 transcripts was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients. At the genetic level, significant associations with AD were found for single nucleotide polymorphisms in TF, TFR2, ACO1, and SLC40A1 genes. Apolipoprotein E gene, a well-known risk factor for AD, was also found significantly associated with the disease in this study. Taken together, we hypothesize that the alterations on systemic iron status observed in patients could reflect an iron homeostasis dysregulation, particularly in cellular iron efflux. The intracellular iron accumulation would lead to a rise in oxidative damage, contributing to AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela C Crespo
- Health Promotion and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva
- Human Genetics Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Marques
- Health Promotion and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Erica Marcelino
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Maruta
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Costa
- Neurology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr Fernando Fonseca, E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Angela Timóteo
- Neurology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr Fernando Fonseca, E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Arminda Vilares
- Health Promotion and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Faustino
- Human Genetics Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Verdelho
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Guerreiro
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Herrero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr Fernando Fonseca, E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Cristina Costa
- Neurology Department, Hospital Prof. Dr Fernando Fonseca, E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luciana Costa
- Health Promotion and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- Neurological Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Jia X, Kim J, Veuthey T, Lee CH, Wessling-Resnick M. Glucose metabolism in the Belgrade rat, a model of iron-loading anemia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G1095-102. [PMID: 23599042 PMCID: PMC3680718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00453.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The iron-diabetes hypothesis proposes an association between iron overload and glucose metabolism that is supported by a number of epidemiological studies. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-loading thalassemia supports this hypothesis. The Belgrade rat carries a mutation in the iron transporter divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) resulting in iron-loading anemia. In this study, we characterized the glycometabolic status of the Belgrade rat. Belgrade rats displayed normal glycemic control. Insulin signaling and secretion were not impaired, and pancreatic tissue did not incur damage despite high levels of nonheme iron. These findings suggest that loss of DMT1 protects against oxidative damage to the pancreas and helps to maintain insulin sensitivity despite iron overload. Belgrade rats had lower body weight but increased food consumption compared with heterozygous littermates. The unexpected energy balance was associated with increased urinary glucose output. Increased urinary excretion of electrolytes, including iron, was also observed. Histopathological evidence suggests that altered renal function is secondary to changes in kidney morphology, including glomerulosclerosis. Thus, loss of DMT1 appears to protect the pancreas from injury but damages the integrity of kidney structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Jia
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tania Veuthey
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mukherjee S, Dey SG. Heme Bound Amylin: Spectroscopic Characterization, Reactivity, and Relevance to Type 2 Diabetes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5226-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 700032
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Mao P. Oxidative Stress and Its Clinical Applications in Dementia. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2012; 2013:319898. [PMID: 26316986 PMCID: PMC4437276 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a complex disorder that mostly affects the elderly and represents a significant and growing public health burden in the world. Alzheimer's disease (AD)- associated dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the most common forms of dementia, in which oxidative stress is significantly involved. Oxidative stress mechanisms may have clinical applications, that is, providing information for potential biomarkers. Thus brain-rich peptides with an antioxidant property, such as CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), may be promising new markers. This paper summarizes the progress in research regarding oxidative stress in dementia with a focus on potential biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the main forms of dementia. Other central and peripheral biomarkers, especially those considered oxidative stress related, are also discussed. This paper aims to provide information to improve current understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of dementia. It also offers insight into the differential diagnosis of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhong Mao
- The Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- The Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Different effects of soluble and aggregated amyloid β42 on gene/protein expression and enzyme activity involved in insulin and APP pathways. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:113-20. [PMID: 22782687 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is not characterised any longer simply as the accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins within the brain, excessive Aβ(42) deposition is still considered to play a major role in this illness. Aβ are able to adopt many differently aggregate forms, including amyloid fibrils as well as nonfibrillar structures (soluble Aβ(42) oligomers). It is not well-established that which Aβ(42) state is most responsible for AD or why. We wanted to verify which effects Aβ(42) oligomers and aggregated peptides have on gene expression, protein level and enzyme activity of insulin and amyloid precursor protein (APP) pathways in vitro. Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were treated with varying concentrations of soluble and aggregated Aβ(42). Treatment effects on β-secretase (BACE), glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), insulin-receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin receptor (INSR) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) were investigated via quantitative-PCR, western blot, ELISA and enzyme activity assay. We could find different effects of soluble and aggregated peptides especially on gene/protein expression of GSK3β and INSR and on GSK3β and MAO-B activity. Soluble peptides showed significant effects leading to increased gene expression and protein amount of GSK3β and to decreased level of gene and protein expression of INSR. MAO-B activity was enhanced after treatment with aggregated peptides and strongly inhibited after soluble Aβ(42) treatment. Our data might provide insights into selective effects of specific forms of Aβ(42) aggregates in AD.
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Iron and neurodegeneration: from cellular homeostasis to disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:128647. [PMID: 22701145 PMCID: PMC3369498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/128647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of iron (Fe) is often detected in the brains of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. High Fe concentrations have been consistently observed in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases; however, it is not clear whether this Fe contributes to the progression of these diseases. Other conditions, such as Friedreich's ataxia or neuroferritinopathy are associated with genetic factors that cause Fe misregulation. Consequently, excessive intracellular Fe increases oxidative stress, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. The characterization of the mechanisms involved in the misregulation of Fe in the brain is crucial to understand the pathology of the neurodegenerative disorders and develop new therapeutic strategies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as the best understood eukaryotic organism, has already begun to play a role in the neurological disorders; thus it could perhaps become a valuable tool also to study the metalloneurobiology.
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Poulsen HE, Specht E, Broedbaek K, Henriksen T, Ellervik C, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Tonnesen M, Nielsen PE, Andersen HU, Weimann A. RNA modifications by oxidation: a novel disease mechanism? Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1353-61. [PMID: 22306201 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has provided exciting insights into a novel class of central (small) RNA molecules intimately involved in gene regulation. Only a small percentage of our DNA is translated into proteins by mRNA, yet 80% or more of the DNA is transcribed into RNA, and this RNA has been found to encompass various classes of novel regulatory RNAs, including, e.g., microRNAs. It is well known that DNA is constantly oxidized and repaired by complex genome maintenance mechanisms. Analogously, RNA also undergoes significant oxidation, and there are now convincing data suggesting that oxidation, and the consequent loss of integrity of RNA, is a mechanism for disease development. Oxidized RNA is found in a large variety of diseases, and interest has been especially devoted to degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer disease, in which up to 50-70% of specific mRNA molecules are reported oxidized, whereas other RNA molecules show virtually no oxidation. The iron-storage disease hemochromatosis exhibits the most prominent general increase in RNA oxidation ever observed. Oxidation of RNA primarily leads to strand breaks and to oxidative base modifications. Oxidized mRNA is recognized by the ribosomes, but the oxidation results in ribosomal stalling and dysfunction, followed by decreased levels of functional protein as well as the production of truncated proteins that do not undergo proper folding and may result in protein aggregation within the cell. Ribosomal dysfunction may also signal apoptosis by p53-independent pathways. There are very few reports on interventions that reduce RNA oxidation, one interesting observation being a reduction in RNA oxidation by ingestion of raw olive oil. High urinary excretion of 8-oxo-guanosine, a biomarker for RNA oxidation, is highly predictive of death in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics; this demonstrates the clinical relevance of RNA oxidation. Taken collectively the available data suggest that RNA oxidation is a contributing factor in several diseases such as diabetes, hemochromatosis, heart failure, and β-cell destruction. The mechanism involves free iron and hydrogen peroxide from mitochondrial dysfunction that together lead to RNA oxidation that in turn gives rise to truncated proteins that may cause aggregation. Thus RNA oxidation may well be an important novel contributing mechanism for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik E Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sharma HS, Sharma A. New strategies for CNS injury and repair using stem cells, nanomedicine, neurotrophic factors and novel neuroprotective agents. Expert Rev Neurother 2011; 11:1121-1124. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Sharma B, Singh N. Attenuation of vascular dementia by sodium butyrate in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 215:677-87. [PMID: 21225418 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia, which is strongly associated with diabetes. Diabetes and dementia have become a major public health concern worldwide. At this point of time, it is very important to find the possible pharmacological agents which may be useful in management and therapy of dementia including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, etc. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes induced vascular dementia in rats. METHODS Diabetes and subsequent endothelial dysfunction and dementia were induced in rats by administration of single dose of STZ. Drug treatment was started after 1 month of STZ administration and treatment was continued until the end of the study. Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed for testing learning and memory. Endothelial function was measured on isolated aortic rings using student physiograph. Serum glucose, body weight, serum nitrite/nitrate, aortic superoxide anion generation, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity were also tested. RESULTS STZ treatment produced endothelial dysfunction, impairment of learning and memory, reduction in body weight and serum nitrite/nitrate, and increase in serum glucose, aortic and brain oxidative stress (increased superoxide anion, TBARS, and decreased GSH levels), and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Treatment of sodium butyrate attenuated diabetes induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial function, and various biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Sodium butyrate may be considered as potential pharmacological agent for the management of diabetes induced vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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Williams WM, Weinberg A, Smith MA. Protein modification by dicarbonyl molecular species in neurodegenerative diseases. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2011; 2011:461216. [PMID: 22332001 PMCID: PMC3276062 DOI: 10.4061/2011/461216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration results from abnormalities in cerebral metabolism and energy balance within neurons, astrocytes, microglia, or microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. In Alzheimer's disease, β-amyloid is considered the primary contributor to neuropathology and neurodegeneration. It now is believed that certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, can contribute to neurodegeneration through the effects of chronic hyperglycemia/insulin resistance resulting in protein glycation, oxidative stress and inflammation within susceptible brain regions. Here, we present an overview of research focusing on the role of protein glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the neurodegenerative process. Of special interest in this paper is the effect of methylglyoxal (MGO), a cytotoxic byproduct of glucose metabolism, elevated in neurodegenerative disease, and diabetes mellitus, on cerebral protein function and oxidative stress. How MGO interacts with amino acid residues within β-amyloid, and small peptides within the brain, is also discussed in terms of the affect on protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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