1
|
Belin MAF, Vieira TA, Grandini NA, Siqueira JS, Palacio TLN, Cruzeiro J, Sormani LE, Tanganini MD, Barbosa GS, Gregolin CS, de Campos DHS, Bazan SGZ, Minatel IO, Lima GPP, Correa CR. Cardiac biogenic amine profile and its relationship with parameters of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107412. [PMID: 39033868 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the cardiac biogenic amine profile of obese rats and associate these compounds with parameters of cardiovascular disease. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats (n = 20) were randomly distributed into two groups: control and obese. Obesity was induced by a high-sugar fat diet. Biochemical parameters were evaluated. Doppler Echocardiography and systolic blood pressure; interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), protein carbonylation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and catalase activity were measured in cardiac tissue. HPLC evaluated the cardiac biogenic profile. Data were compared using the Student's T or Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman's correlation at 5% significance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. KEY FINDINGS Obesity generated hypertension, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and imbalanced all biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative markers (p < 0.001). Eight biogenic amines were found in cardiac tissue. Obesity increased serotonin and decreased agmatine, putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine. Serotonin (r = 0.534 to 0.808) was strong and positively correlated with obesity, biochemical parameters, cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction (p < 0.001). Spermidine (r = -0.560 to -0.680), putrescine (r = -0.532 to -0.805), cadaverine (r = -0.534 to -0.860), and agmatine (r = -0.579 to -0.884) were inversely correlated with the same parameters (p < 0.001). PCA allowed for distinguishing the control and obese groups. SIGNIFICANCE There are strong correlations between cardiac biogenic amine levels, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction resulting from obesity. CONCLUSION There is an association between cardiac biogenic amines and cardiovascular disease in obesity. In addition, agmatine, putrescine, cadaverine, and, mainly, serotonin may be new biomarkers for cardiovascular health in obesity and help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of CVD resulting or not from obesity. However, more research is needed to support this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taynara Aparecida Vieira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Núbia Alves Grandini
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Siqueira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Jordanna Cruzeiro
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Sormani
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Murilo Dalarme Tanganini
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Cristina Schmitt Gregolin
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Otávio Minatel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Correa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brosinsky P, Heger J, Sydykov A, Weiss A, Klatt S, Czech L, Kraut S, Schermuly RT, Schlüter KD, Schulz R. Does Cell-Type-Specific Silencing of Monoamine Oxidase B Interfere with the Development of Right Ventricle (RV) Hypertrophy or Right Ventricle Failure in Pulmonary Hypertension? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6212. [PMID: 38892401 PMCID: PMC11172614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is important for the development of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH) and failure (RVF) during pulmonary hypertension (PH). ROS molecules are produced in different compartments within the cell, with mitochondria known to produce the strongest ROS signal. Among ROS-forming mitochondrial proteins, outer-mitochondrial-membrane-located monoamine oxidases (MAOs, type A or B) are capable of degrading neurotransmitters, thereby producing large amounts of ROS. In mice, MAO-B is the dominant isoform, which is present in almost all cell types within the heart. We analyzed the effect of an inducible cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of MAO-B (cmMAO-B KO) for the development of RVH and RVF in mice. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB). RV dimensions and function were measured through echocardiography. ROS production (dihydroethidium staining), protein kinase activity (PamStation device), and systemic hemodynamics (in vivo catheterization) were assessed. A significant decrease in ROS formation was measured in cmMAO-B KO mice during PAB compared to Cre-negative littermates, which was associated with reduced activity of protein kinases involved in hypertrophic growth. In contrast to littermates in which the RV was dilated and hypertrophied following PAB, RV dimensions were unaffected in response to PAB in cmMAO-B KO mice, and no decline in RV systolic function otherwise seen in littermates during PAB was measured in cmMAO-B KO mice. In conclusion, cmMAO-B KO mice are protected against RV dilatation, hypertrophy, and dysfunction following RV pressure overload compared to littermates. These results support the hypothesis that cmMAO-B is a key player in causing RV hypertrophy and failure during PH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Monoamine Oxidase/genetics
- Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism
- Monoamine Oxidase/deficiency
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulin Brosinsky
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Vascular Research Centre, Goethe Universität, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Laureen Czech
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Simone Kraut
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.W.); (S.K.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Gießen, Germany; (J.H.); (L.C.); (K.-D.S.); (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhalla NS, Mota KO, Elimban V, Shah AK, de Vasconcelos CML, Bhullar SK. Role of Vasoactive Hormone-Induced Signal Transduction in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Cells 2024; 13:856. [PMID: 38786079 PMCID: PMC11119949 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the common concluding pathway for a majority of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Since heart failure is invariably preceded by adaptive or maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, several biochemical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. One of these includes the activation of different neuroendocrine systems for elevating the circulating levels of different vasoactive hormones such as catecholamines, angiotensin II, vasopressin, serotonin and endothelins. All these hormones are released in the circulation and stimulate different signal transduction systems by acting on their respective receptors on the cell membrane to promote protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes and induce cardiac hypertrophy. The elevated levels of these vasoactive hormones induce hemodynamic overload, increase ventricular wall tension, increase protein synthesis and the occurrence of cardiac remodeling. In addition, there occurs an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and collagen synthesis for the induction of myocardial fibrosis and the transition of adaptive to maladaptive hypertrophy. The prolonged exposure of the hypertrophied heart to these vasoactive hormones has been reported to result in the oxidation of catecholamines and serotonin via monoamine oxidase as well as the activation of NADPH oxidase via angiotensin II and endothelins to promote oxidative stress. The development of oxidative stress produces subcellular defects, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, mitochondrial Ca2+-overload and cardiac dysfunction by activating different proteases and depressing cardiac gene expression, in addition to destabilizing the extracellular matrix upon activating some metalloproteinases. These observations support the view that elevated levels of various vasoactive hormones, by producing hemodynamic overload and activating their respective receptor-mediated signal transduction mechanisms, induce cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the occurrence of oxidative stress due to the prolonged exposure of the hypertrophied heart to these hormones plays a critical role in the progression of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Karina O. Mota
- Department of Physiology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristóvao 49100-000, Brazil; (K.O.M.); (C.M.L.d.V.)
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Anureet K. Shah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8162, USA;
| | - Carla M. L. de Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristóvao 49100-000, Brazil; (K.O.M.); (C.M.L.d.V.)
| | - Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alunni A, Pierre C, Torres-Paz J, Clairet N, Langlumé A, Pavie M, Escoffier-Pirouelle T, Leblanc M, Blin M, Rétaux S. An Astyanax mexicanus mao knockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:517-533. [PMID: 37843474 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes, MAO-A and MAO-B, fish possess one single mao gene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated a mao knockout line in Astyanax mexicanus (surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygote mao knockout larvae died at 13 days post-fertilization. Through a time-course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss of mao function, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels - as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected by mao loss-of-function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect of mao knockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects on Astyanax mexicanus brain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alunni
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Constance Pierre
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Natacha Clairet
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Auriane Langlumé
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Marie Pavie
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | | | - Michael Leblanc
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Maryline Blin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Traktirov DS, Nazarov IR, Artemova VS, Gainetdinov RR, Pestereva NS, Karpenko MN. Alterations in Serotonin Neurotransmission in Hyperdopaminergic Rats Lacking the Dopamine Transporter. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2881. [PMID: 38001881 PMCID: PMC10669523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are among the most significant monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS). Separately, the physiological roles of DA and 5-HT have been studied in detail, and progress has been made in understanding their roles in normal and various pathological conditions (Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction, depression, etc.). In this article we showed that knockout of the gene encoding DAT leads not only to a profound dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum but also in the midbrain, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in the production of mRNA of enzymes of monoamine metabolism, as well as to a notable alteration in the tissue level of serotonin, most clearly manifested in the cerebellum and the spinal cord. The observed region-specific changes in the tissue levels of serotonin and in the expression of dopamine and serotonergic metabolism enzymes in rats with an excess of dopamine can indicate important consequences for the pharmacotherapy of drugs that modulate the dopaminergic system. The drugs that affect the dopaminergic system could potently affect the serotonergic system, and this fact is important to consider when predicting their possible therapeutic or side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S. Traktirov
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov’s), Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.N.K.)
| | - Ilya R. Nazarov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria S. Artemova
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov’s), Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.N.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Nina S. Pestereva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov’s), Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.N.K.)
| | - Marina N. Karpenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov’s), Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia (M.N.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaludercic N, Arusei RJ, Di Lisa F. Recent advances on the role of monoamine oxidases in cardiac pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:41. [PMID: 37792081 PMCID: PMC10550854 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological roles have been attributed to the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the individual contribution of different mitochondrial processes independently of bioenergetics remains elusive and clinical treatments unavailable. A notable exception to this complexity is found in the case of monoamine oxidases (MAOs). Unlike other ROS-producing enzymes, especially within mitochondria, MAOs possess a distinct combination of defined molecular structure, substrate specificity, and clinically accessible inhibitors. Another significant aspect of MAO activity is the simultaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide alongside highly reactive aldehydes and ammonia. These three products synergistically impair mitochondrial function at various levels, ultimately jeopardizing cellular metabolic integrity and viability. This pathological condition arises from exacerbated MAO activity, observed in many cardiovascular diseases, thus justifying the exploration of MAO inhibitors as effective cardioprotective strategy. In this context, we not only summarize the deleterious roles of MAOs in cardiac pathologies and the positive effects resulting from genetic or pharmacological MAO inhibition, but also discuss recent findings that expand our understanding on the role of MAO in gene expression and cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), 35127, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ruth Jepchirchir Arusei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schulz R, Schlüter KD. Importance of Mitochondria in Cardiac Pathologies: Focus on Uncoupling Proteins and Monoamine Oxidases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076459. [PMID: 37047436 PMCID: PMC10095304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the onset and progression of a wide array of diseases. On the other hand, these are a part of signaling pathways related to cell metabolism, growth and survival. While ROS are produced at various cellular sites, in cardiomyocytes the largest amount of ROS is generated by mitochondria. Apart from the electron transport chain and various other proteins, uncoupling protein (UCP) and monoamine oxidases (MAO) have been proposed to modify mitochondrial ROS formation. Here, we review the recent information on UCP and MAO in cardiac injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) as well as protection from I/R and heart failure secondary to I/R injury or pressure overload. The current data in the literature suggest that I/R will preferentially upregulate UCP2 in cardiac tissue but not UCP3. Studies addressing the consequences of such induction are currently inconclusive because the precise function of UCP2 in cardiac tissue is not well understood, and tissue- and species-specific aspects complicate the situation. In general, UCP2 may reduce oxidative stress by mild uncoupling and both UCP2 and UCP3 affect substrate utilization in cardiac tissue, thereby modifying post-ischemic remodeling. MAOs are important for the physiological regulation of substrate concentrations. Upon increased expression and or activity of MAOs, however, the increased production of ROS and reactive aldehydes contribute to cardiac alterations such as hypertrophy, inflammation, irreversible cardiomyocyte injury, and failure.
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of benzoxathiolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease represent significant challenges in healthcare. Enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines are important drug targets for these disorders and inhibitors of these enzymes have played key roles as therapeutic agents. For example, inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A have been used for decades as antidepressant agents and act by inhibiting the central metabolism of serotonin and noradrenaline, while MAO-B inhibitors conserve central dopamine supply and have been used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Literature reports that benzoxathiolone derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. To expand on these findings, the present study synthesised series of benzoxathiolone derivatives and investigated their human MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzoxathiolone derivatives were potent MAO inhibitors, with the most potent compounds exhibiting IC50 values of 0.083 and 0.086 µM (4d and 5e) and 0.0069 and 0.0066 µM (3a and 3b) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Compounds 4d and 5e are significantly more potent MAO-A inhibitors compared to those reported previously. It may be concluded that benzoxathiolone derived compounds may act as future leads for the development of new treatments for depression and Parkinson’s disease.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
|
9
|
Merce AP, Ionică LN, Bînă AM, Popescu S, Lighezan R, Petrescu L, Borza C, Sturza A, Muntean DM, Creţu OM. Monoamine oxidase is a source of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats: the beneficial role of metformin. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:59-67. [PMID: 35723772 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are the global threatening epidemics that share cardiovascular oxidative stress as common denominator. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) has recently emerged as a constant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in DM. Metformin, the first-line drug in T2DM, elicits cardiovascular protection via pleiotropic effects. The present study was aimed to assess the contribution of MAO to the early cardiac oxidative stress in a rat model of high-calorie junk food (HCJF) diet-induced obesity and prediabetes and whether metformin can alleviate it. After 6 months of HCJF, rats developed obesity and hyperglycemia. Hearts were isolated and used for the evaluation of MAO expression and ROS production. Experiments were performed in the presence vs absence of metformin (10 µM) and MAO-A and B inhibitors (clorgyline and selegiline, 10 µM), respectively. Both MAO isoforms were overexpressed and led to increased ROS generation in cardiac samples harvested from the obese animals. Acute treatment with metformin and MAO inhibitors was able to mitigate oxidative stress. More important, metformin downregulated MAO expression in the diseased samples. In conclusion, MAO contributes to oxidative stress in experimental obesity and can be targeted with metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Merce
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Loredana N Ionică
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Anca M Bînă
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Simona Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine VII - Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Rodica Lighezan
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology II, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Department of Functional Sciences III - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara , Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Department of Functional Sciences III - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara , Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Octavian M Creţu
- Department of Surgery - Surgical Semiotics, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Hepato‑Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Is Expressed at the Level of Mitral Valve with Severe Regurgitation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121844. [PMID: 36557046 PMCID: PMC9782643 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is one of the most common hereditary heart diseases. The severely hypertrophied interventricular septum combined with the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) frequently cause a significant pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract associated with varying degrees of mitral regurgitation (MR). We present the case of a 64-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with HOCM two years ago and was admitted to the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease with exertion dyspnea and fatigue. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed concentric, asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy, an elongated anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and a significant SAM causing severe regurgitation, with indication for valvular replacement Monoamine oxidase (MAO), a mitochondrial enzyme, with 2 isoforms, MAO-A and B, has emerged as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system, but literature data on its expression in valvular tissue is scarce. Therefore, we assessed MAO-A and B gene (qPCR) and protein (immune fluorescence) expression as well as ROS production (spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy) and in the explanted MV harvested during replacement surgery. MAO expression and ROS production (assessed by both methods) were further augmented following ex vivo incubation with angiotensin II, an effect that was reversed in the presence of either MAO-A (clorgyline) or B (selegiline) inhibitor, respectively. In conclusion, MAO isoforms are expressed at the level of severely impaired mitral valve in the setting of HOCM and can be induced in conditions that mimic the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The observation that the enzyme can be modulated by MAO inhibitors warrants further investigation in a patient cohort.
Collapse
|
11
|
Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113530. [PMID: 36362315 PMCID: PMC9658840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hitge R, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Isatoic anhydrides as novel inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117030. [PMID: 36179486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes metabolise neurotransmitter amines in the central and peripheral tissues, and thereby contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission. Inhibitors of MAO modulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and have been used for several decades for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, while potential new therapeutic applications in other diseases such as prostate cancer and heart failure may exist. In the interest of discovering new classes of chemical compounds that potently inhibit the MAOs, the present study synthesises a series of ten isatoic anhydrides and evaluates their potential as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The isatoic anhydrides bear structural similarity to a series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones as well as to series of isatins and phthalimides that have been reported to act as potent MAO-B inhibitors. The results document that the isatoic anhydrides inhibit both MAO isoforms with the most potent inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.010 µM (1b and 1h) and 0.0047 µM (1j) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Molecular docking suggests that isatoic anhydrides exhibit similar binding modes and interactions with MAO-A and MAO-B, which may explain their potent inhibition of both isoforms. It may be concluded that the isatoic anhydrides represent a new class of MAO inhibitors, while it is interesting to note that very few studies on the pharmacological actions of isatoic anhydrides have been reported. As a secondary aim, the isatoic anhydrides were also evaluated as potential inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rialette Hitge
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Dysfunction and Subcellular Defects Due to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071473. [PMID: 35884777 PMCID: PMC9313001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is well-known to be associated with impaired cardiac function, massive arrhythmias, marked alterations in cardiac metabolism and irreversible ultrastructural changes in the heart. Two major mechanisms namely oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload are considered to explain I/R-induced injury to the heart. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress is the most critical pathogenic factor because it produces myocardial abnormalities directly or indirectly for the occurrence of cardiac damage. Furthermore, I/R injury has been shown to generate oxidative stress by promoting the formation of different reactive oxygen species due to defects in mitochondrial function and depressions in both endogenous antioxidant levels as well as regulatory antioxidative defense systems. It has also been demonstrated to adversely affect a wide variety of metabolic pathways and targets in cardiomyocytes, various resident structures in myocardial interstitium, as well as circulating neutrophils and leukocytes. These I/R-induced alterations in addition to myocardial inflammation may cause cell death, fibrosis, inflammation, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, activation of proteases and phospholipases, as well as subcellular remodeling and depletion of energy stores in the heart. Analysis of results from isolated hearts perfused with or without some antioxidant treatments before subjecting to I/R injury has indicated that cardiac dysfunction is associated with the development of oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+-overload and protease activation. In addition, changes in the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as well as myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activities in I/R hearts were attenuated by pretreatment with antioxidants. The I/R-induced alterations in cardiac function were simulated upon perfusing the hearts with oxyradical generating system or oxidant. These observations support the view that oxidative stress may be intimately involved in inducing intracellular Ca2+-overload, protease activation, subcellular remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of I/R injury to the heart.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Shah AK. Future scope and challenges for congestive heart failure: Moving towards development of pharmacotherapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:834-847. [PMID: 35704943 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is invariably associated with cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac performance. Although several drugs have been developed to delay the progression of heart failure, none of the existing interventions have shown beneficial effects in reducing morbidity and mortality. In order to determine specific targets for future drug development, we have discussed different mechanisms involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocyte (extracellular matrix) alterations for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as well as for the progression of heart failure. We have emphasized the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations and Ca2+-handling defects in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction in hypertrophied myocardium. Alterations in the regulatory process due to several protein kinases as well as participation of mitochondrial Ca2+-overload, activation of proteases and phospholipases and changes in gene expression for subcellular remodeling have also been described for the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction. Association of cardiac arrhythmia with heart failure has been explained as a consequence of catecholamine oxidation products. Since these multifactorial defects in extracellular matrix and cardiomyocytes are evident in the failing heart, it is a challenge for experimental cardiologists to develop appropriate combination drug therapy for improving cardiac function in heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- University of Manitoba, 8664, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Canada;
| | - Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St.Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Anureet Kaur Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 900032, USA., Los Angeles, United States;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guglielmi P, Carradori S, D'Agostino I, Campestre C, Petzer JP. An updated patent review on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:849-883. [PMID: 35638744 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are currently used as antidepressants (selective MAO-A inhibitors) or as co-adjuvants for neurodegenerative diseases (selective MAO-B inhibitors). The research within this field is attracting attention due to their crucial role in the modulation of brain functions, mood and cognitive activity, and monoamine catabolism. AREAS COVERED MAO inhibitors (2018-2021) are discussed according to their chemotypes. Structure-activity relationships are derived for each chemical scaffold (propargylamines, chalcones, indoles, benzimidazoles, (iso)coumarins, (iso)benzofurans, xanthones, and tetralones), while the chemical entities were divided into newly synthesized molecules and natural metabolites. The mechanism of action and type of inhibition are also considered. Lastly, new therapeutic applications are reported, which demonstrates the clinical potential of these inhibitors as well as the possibility of repurposing existing drugs for a variety of diseases. EXPERT OPINION MAO inhibitors here reported exhibit different potencies (from the micro- to nanomolar range) and isoform selectivity. These compounds are clinically licensed for multi-faceted neurodegenerative pathologies due to their ability to also act against other relevant targets (cholinesterases, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Moreover, the drug repurposing approach is an attractive strategy by which MAO inhibitors may be applied for the treatment of prostate cancer, inflammation, vertigo, and type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carving the senescent phenotype by the chemical reactivity of catecholamines: An integrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101570. [PMID: 35051644 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules damaged by covalent modifications produced by chemically reactive metabolites accumulate in the slowly renewable components of living bodies and compromise their functions. Among such metabolites, catecholamines (CA) are unique, compared with the ubiquitous oxygen, ROS, glucose and methylglyoxal, in that their high chemical reactivity is confined to a limited set of cell types, including the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons and their direct targets, which suffer from CA propensities for autoxidation yielding toxic quinones, and for Pictet-Spengler reactions with carbonyl-containing compounds, which yield mitochondrial toxins. The functions progressively compromised because of that include motor performance, cognition, reward-driven behaviors, emotional tuning, and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The phenotypic manifestations of the resulting disorders culminate in such conditions as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, and menopause. The reasons to suspect that CA play some special role in aging accumulated since early 1970-ies. Published reviews address the role of CA hazardousness in the development of specific aging-associated diseases. The present integrative review explores how the bizarre discrepancy between CA hazardousness and biological importance could have emerged in evolution, how much does the chemical reactivity of CA contribute to the senescent phenotype in mammals, and what can be done with it.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dhalla NS, Elimban V, Bartekova M, Adameova A. Involvement of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Subcellular Defects and Heart Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020393. [PMID: 35203602 PMCID: PMC8962363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that oxidative stress promotes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activation of proteases, fragmentation of DNA and alteration in gene expression for producing myocardial cell damage, whereas its actions for the induction of fibrosis, necrosis and apoptosis are considered to result in the loss of cardiomyocytes in different types of heart disease. The present article is focused on the discussion concerning the generation and implications of oxidative stress from various sources such as defective mitochondrial electron transport and enzymatic reactions mainly due to the activation of NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase and monoamine oxidase in diseased myocardium. Oxidative stress has been reported to promote excessive entry of Ca2+ due to increased permeability of the sarcolemmal membrane as well as depressions of Na+-K+ ATPase and Na+-Ca2+ exchange systems, which are considered to increase the intracellular of Ca2+. In addition, marked changes in the ryanodine receptors and Ca2+-pump ATPase have been shown to cause Ca2+-release and depress Ca2+ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a consequence of oxidative stress. Such alterations in sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum are considered to cause Ca2+-handling abnormalities, which are associated with mitochondrial Ca2+-overload and loss of myofibrillar Ca2+-sensitivity due to oxidative stress. Information regarding the direct effects of different oxyradicals and oxidants on subcellular organelles has also been outlined to show the mechanisms by which oxidative stress may induce Ca2+-handling abnormalities. These observations support the view that oxidative stress plays an important role in the genesis of subcellular defects and cardiac dysfunction in heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3417; Fax: +1-204-237-0347
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lefin R, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Phenothiazine, anthraquinone and related tricyclic derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 54:116558. [PMID: 34915314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes are important agents for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and have established roles in the therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression and in the neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease. A number of good potency MAO inhibitors consist of tricyclic ring systems as exemplified by the structures of harmine and the phenothiazine compound methylene blue. In an attempt to discover novel MAO inhibitors, 30 phenothiazine, anthraquinone and related tricyclic derivatives were selected and evaluated as potential inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results show that, in general, the tricyclic compounds are specific inhibitors of MAO-A over the MAO-B isoform. Quinizarin (IC50 = 0.065 µM), 2-chloro-7-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine (IC50 = 0.576 µM) and xanthone (IC50 = 0.623 µM) proved to be the most potent MAO-A inhibitors, while the most potent MAO-B inhibition was recorded with 2-chloro-7-methoxy-10H-phenothiazine (IC50 = 1.34 µM), 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone (IC50 = 2.41 µM) and emodin (IC50 = 3.24 µM). These compounds may undergo further preclinical evaluation and development, and may also serve as potential lead compounds for the future design of MAO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Lefin
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sonobe T, Akiyama T, Pearson JT. Carrier-mediated serotonin efflux induced by pharmacological anoxia in the rat heart in vivo. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1685-1692. [PMID: 34411314 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) accumulates in the heart during myocardial ischaemia and induces deleterious effects on the cardiomyocytes. We aimed to investigate whether carrier-mediated 5-HT efflux contributed to the increase in interstitial 5-HT level during ischaemia. Using microdialysis technique applied to the heart of anaesthetised Wistar rats, myocardial interstitial concentration of 5-HT was measured by electro-chemical detection coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ECD) while simultaneously various pharmacological agents, which create a similar condition to ischaemia, were locally administered by reverse-microdialysis. Sodium cyanide-induced chemical anoxia increased dialysate 5-HT concentration. A similar increase in dialysate 5-HT concentration was induced by ouabain, an inhibitor of sodium-potassium ATPase and reserpine, an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor raised the baseline level of 5-HT, and neither sodium cyanide nor the combination of ouabain and reserpine induced further increase in 5-HT in the presence of fluoxetine. The results indicate that reverse transport of 5-HT via SERT, which is caused by an impaired ion gradient, contributes to the rise in interstitial level of 5-HT during ischaemia suggesting carrier-mediated 5-HT efflux occurs in the heart in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Akiyama
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Z, Li Q, Wang L, Li C, Xu M, Duan Y, Ma L, Li T, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Feng J, Yin X, Wang X, Han J, Lu C. Targeting mitochondria-inflammation circle by renal denervation reduces atheroprone endothelial phenotypes and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102156. [PMID: 34607159 PMCID: PMC8498003 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in endothelial cells (ECs) can cause chronic inflammation, a substantial contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic sympathetic hyperactivity can enhance oxidative stress to induce endothelial dysfunction. We determined if renal denervation (RDN), the strategy reducing sympathetic tone, can protect ECs by ameliorating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced inflammation to reduce atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were conducted RDN or sham operation before 20-week high-fat diet feeding. Atherosclerosis, EC phenotype and mitochondrial morphology were determined. In vitro, human arterial ECs were treated with norepinephrine to determine the mechanisms for RDN-inhibited endothelial inflammation. RDN reduced atherosclerosis, EC mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanistically, the chronic sympathetic hyperactivity increased circulating norepinephrine and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity. MAO-A activation-impaired mitochondrial homeostasis resulted in ROS accumulation and NF-κB activation, thereby enhancing expression of atherogenic and proinflammatory molecules in ECs. It also suppressed mitochondrial function regulator PGC-1α, with involvement of NF-κB and oxidative stress. Inactivation of MAO-A by RDN disrupted the positive-feedback regulation between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, thereby inhibiting EC atheroprone phenotypic alterations and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The interplay between MAO-A-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in ECs is a key driver in atherogenesis, and it can be reduced by RDN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Likun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuemei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oxidative Stress as A Mechanism for Functional Alterations in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060931. [PMID: 34201261 PMCID: PMC8228897 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heart failure due to a wide variety of pathological stimuli including myocardial infarction, pressure overload and volume overload is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, the exact reasons for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure are not well defined. Since circulating levels of several vasoactive hormones including catecholamines, angiotensin II, and endothelins are elevated under pathological conditions, it has been suggested that these vasoactive hormones may be involved in the development of both cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. At initial stages of pathological stimuli, these hormones induce an increase in ventricular wall tension by acting through their respective receptor-mediated signal transduction systems and result in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Some oxyradicals formed at initial stages are also involved in the redox-dependent activation of the hypertrophic process but these are rapidly removed by increased content of antioxidants in hypertrophied heart. In fact, cardiac hypertrophy is considered to be an adaptive process as it exhibits either normal or augmented cardiac function for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, exposure of a hypertrophied heart to elevated levels of circulating hormones due to pathological stimuli over a prolonged period results in cardiac dysfunction and development of heart failure involving a complex set of mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that different cardiovascular abnormalities such as functional hypoxia, metabolic derangements, uncoupling of mitochondrial electron transport, and inflammation produce oxidative stress in the hypertrophied failing hearts. In addition, oxidation of catecholamines by monoamine oxidase as well as NADPH oxidase activation by angiotensin II and endothelin promote the generation of oxidative stress during the prolonged period by these pathological stimuli. It is noteworthy that oxidative stress is known to activate metallomatrix proteases and degrade the extracellular matrix proteins for the induction of cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to induce subcellular remodeling and Ca2+-handling abnormalities as well as loss of cardiomyocytes due to the development of apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. These observations support the view that a low amount of oxyradical formation for a brief period may activate redox-sensitive mechanisms, which are associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy. On the other hand, high levels of oxyradicals over a prolonged period may induce oxidative stress and cause Ca2+-handling defects as well as protease activation and thus play a critical role in the development of adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction as well as progression of heart failure.
Collapse
|
22
|
Santin Y, Resta J, Parini A, Mialet-Perez J. Monoamine oxidases in age-associated diseases: New perspectives for old enzymes. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101256. [PMID: 33434685 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Population aging is one of the most significant social changes of the twenty-first century. This increase in longevity is associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, further rising healthcare costs. At the molecular level, cellular senescence has been identified as a major process in age-associated diseases, as accumulation of senescent cells with aging leads to progressive organ dysfunction. Of particular importance, mitochondrial oxidative stress and consequent organelle alterations have been pointed out as key players in the aging process, by both inducing and maintaining cellular senescence. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs), a class of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of catecholamines and biogenic amines, have been increasingly recognized as major producers of mitochondrial ROS. Although well-known in the brain, evidence showing that MAOs are also expressed in a variety of peripheral organs stimulated a growing interest in the extra-cerebral roles of these enzymes. Besides, the fact that MAO-A and/or MAO-B are frequently upregulated in aged or dysfunctional organs has uncovered new perspectives on their roles in pathological aging. In this review, we will give an overview of the major results on the regulation and function of MAOs in aging and age-related diseases, paying a special attention to the mechanisms linked to the increased degradation of MAO substrates or related to MAO-dependent ROS formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Santin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Resta
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grzelczyk J, Budryn G, Peña-García J, Szwajgier D, Gałązka-Czarnecka I, Oracz J, Pérez-Sánchez H. Evaluation of the inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by bioactive coffee compounds protecting serotonin degradation. Food Chem 2021; 348:129108. [PMID: 33540300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a major enzyme responsible for the deamination of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) in the central nervous system. The decrease in 5-HT levels is accompanied by disorders at the affective and somatic levels, leading to depression and disorders of the satiety center. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of MAO-A inhibition by chlorogenic acids, as well as green, light-, and dark-roasted coffee extracts and bioactive compounds from beans of the species Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica. Data for analysis was obtained using isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking. The results showed that caffeine and ferulic acid, as well as green Robusta coffee, demonstrated the greatest inhibition of MAO-A activity, which may increase the bioavailability of serotonin. We believe that green coffee shows potential antidepressant activity by inhibiting MAO-A, and may be used for treating depression and potentially, type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jorge Peña-García
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Science Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ilona Gałązka-Czarnecka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Science Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Panova VA, Filimonov SI, Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Shetnev AA, Korsakov MK, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Suponitsky KY. Investigation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-ones as novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104563. [PMID: 33376014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes are key metabolic enzymes of neurotransmitter and other bioactive amines, and represent important drug targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibitors of MAO are established medications for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, and may have future roles in other disease states such as the therapy of prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and inflammatory diseases. Based on these considerations, the present study synthesizes a series of 22 pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one derivatives and evaluated them as potential inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The results show that 8 derivatives inhibit MAO-A, and 3 derivatives inhibit MAO-B with IC50 values in the submicromolar range (<1 µM). The most potent MAO-A inhibitor, N-[5-(acetyloxy)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-7-yl]acetamide (7c), exhibit an IC50 value of 0.028 µM and displays 50-fold selectivity for MAO-A over MAO-B. The most potent MAO-B inhibitor, 2-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline-7-carbonitrile (4f), exhibit an IC50 value of 0.617 µM and displays 8-fold selectivity for MAO-B. This is the first report of MAO inhibition by pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4-one derivatives, and this study concludes that these compounds are suitable leads for the future development of MAO inhibitors, particularly of the MAO-A isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Panova
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey I Filimonov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, 88 Moskovskii av., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Zhanna V Chirkova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, 88 Moskovskii av., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Mariya V Kabanova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, 88 Moskovskii av., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Anton A Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail K Korsakov
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pierre C, Pradère N, Froc C, Ornelas-García P, Callebert J, Rétaux S. A mutation in monoamine oxidase (MAO) affects the evolution of stress behavior in the blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226092. [PMID: 32737213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In humans, mutations affecting monoamine oxidase (MAO), the serotonin-degrading enzyme, are highly deleterious. Yet, blind cavefish of the species Astyanax mexicanus carry a partial loss-of-function mutation in MAO (P106L) and thrive in their subterranean environment. Here, we established four fish lines, corresponding to the blind cave-dwelling and the sighted river-dwelling morphs of this species, with or without the mutation, in order to decipher the exact contribution of mao P106L in the evolution of cavefish neurobehavioral traits. Unexpectedly, although mao P106L appeared to be an excellent candidate for the genetic determinism of the loss of aggressive and schooling behaviors in cavefish, we demonstrated that it was not the case. Similarly, the anatomical variations in monoaminergic systems observed between cavefish and surface fish brains were independent from mao P106L, and rather due to other, morph-dependent developmental processes. However, we found that mao P106L strongly affected anxiety-like behaviors. Cortisol measurements showed lower basal levels and an increased amplitude of stress response after a change of environment in fish carrying the mutation. Finally, we studied the distribution of the P106L mao allele in wild populations of cave and river A. mexicanus, and discovered that the mutant allele was present - and sometimes fixed - in all populations inhabiting caves of the Sierra de El Abra. The possibility that this partial loss-of-function mao allele evolves under a selective or a neutral regime in the particular cave environment is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Pierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naomie Pradère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cynthia Froc
- Amatrace platform, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prah A, Purg M, Stare J, Vianello R, Mavri J. How Monoamine Oxidase A Decomposes Serotonin: An Empirical Valence Bond Simulation of the Reactive Step. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8259-8265. [PMID: 32845149 PMCID: PMC7520887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-catalyzed degradation of the biogenic amine serotonin is an essential regulatory mechanism of its level in the human organism. In particular, monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is an important flavoenzyme involved in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. Despite extensive research efforts, neither the catalytic nor the inhibition mechanisms of MAO enzymes are currently fully understood. In this article, we present the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulation of the rate-limiting step for the serotonin decomposition, which consists of hydride transfer from the serotonin methylene group to the N5 atom of the flavin moiety. Free-energy profiles of the reaction were computed by the empirical valence bond method. Apart from the enzymatic environment, the reference reaction in the gas phase was also simulated, facilitating the estimation of the catalytic effect of the enzyme. The calculated barrier for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction of 14.82 ± 0.81 kcal mol-1 is in good agreement with the experimental value of 16.0 kcal mol-1, which provides strong evidence for the validity of the proposed hydride-transfer mechanism. Together with additional experimental and computational work, the results presented herein contribute to a deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism of MAO A and flavoenzymes in general, and in the long run, they should pave the way toward applications in neuropsychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alja Prah
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Miha Purg
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Jernej Stare
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rud̵er
Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Janez Mavri
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The evaluation of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Mol Divers 2020; 25:491-507. [PMID: 32970293 PMCID: PMC7512223 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is of much clinical relevance, and inhibitors of this enzyme are used in the treatment for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. The present study synthesises and evaluates the MAO inhibition properties of a series of 33 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives in an attempt to discover high-potency compounds and to expand on the structure–activity relationships of MAO inhibition by these classes. Among these series, eight submicromolar MAO-A inhibitors and 28 submicromolar MAO-B inhibitors are reported, with all compounds acting as specific inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform. The most potent inhibitor was a 1-tetralone derivative (1h) with IC50 values of 0.036 and 0.0011 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Interestingly, with the reduction of 1-tetralones to the corresponding alcohols, a decrease in MAO inhibition potency is observed. Among these 1-tetralol derivatives, 1p (IC50 = 0.785 μM) and 1o (IC50 = 0.0075 μM) were identified as particularly potent inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Potent compounds such as those reported here may act as leads for the future development of MAO-B specific inhibitors. Graphic abstract The present study describes the MAO inhibitory activities of a series of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives. Numerous high-potency MAO-B specific inhibitors were identified.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
Collapse
|
28
|
Adameova A, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Genesis of Ventricular Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4200. [PMID: 32545595 PMCID: PMC7349053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias, mainly lethal arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, may lead to sudden cardiac death. These are triggered as a result of cardiac injury due to chronic ischemia, acute myocardial infarction and various stressful conditions associated with increased levels of circulating catecholamines and angiotensin II. Several mechanisms have been proposed to underlie electrical instability of the heart promoting ventricular arrhythmias; however, oxidative stress which adversely affects ion homeostasis due to changes in the ion channel structure and function, seems to play a critical role in eliciting different types of ventricular arrhythmias. Prevention or mitigation of the severity of ventricular arrhythmias due to antioxidants has been indicated as the fundamental contribution in the field of preventive cardiology; however, novel interventions have to be developed for greater effectiveness and specificity in attenuating the adverse effects of oxidative stress. In this review, we have attempted to discuss proarrhythmic effects of oxidative stress differing in time and concentration dependence and highlight a molecular and cellular concept how it alters cardiac cell automaticity and conduction velocity sensitizing the probability of ventricular arrhythmias with resultant sudden cardiac death due to ischemic heart disease and other stressful situations. It is concluded that pharmacological approaches targeting multiple mechanisms besides oxidative stress might be more effective in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias than current antiarrhythmic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, and Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anureet K. Shah
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA;
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naghipour Hamzekolaei M, Jafarisani M, Farajzadeh A, Aghayan SS, Atashi A, Yarmohammadi M, Sadeghi I, Tashakori M. Changes in mean platelet volume and hematologic indices in patients with panic disorder due to oxidative stress. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01569. [PMID: 32097543 PMCID: PMC7177570 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disorders are common in patients with panic disorder (PD), usually mediated by platelets. The present study was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress conditions and complete analysis of blood cells in patients with PD. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Sixty healthy individuals and 60 patients were included in the study. Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from patients and controls. MATERIALS & METHOD Hematological studies, including blood cells count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were carried out on whole blood samples. In addition, oxidative stress indices including total antioxidant capacity, free oxygen species, and malondialdehyde concentration were measured in serum samples. RESULTS Results showed that patients with PD had a significant increase in mean platelet volume index (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared with healthy subjects (p < .05). Also, oxidative stress indices were significantly elevated in patients with PD compared with control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION Elevated MPV is a hematologic indicator for patients with PD. This disorder may be caused by impaired serotonin metabolism, resulting in increased oxidative stress, as well as in platelet serotonin transporters. Regarding elevated oxidative stress, the risk of cardiovascular complications is high in patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moslem Jafarisani
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Asghar Farajzadeh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Iman Sadeghi
- Genetic, Ceinge Biotechnologia Avanzate, Napl, Italy
| | - Mersedeh Tashakori
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mohammed HS, Hosny EN, Khadrawy YA, Magdy M, Attia YS, Sayed OA, AbdElaal M. Protective effect of curcumin nanoparticles against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165665. [PMID: 31918005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study designed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) on the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Rats were divided into four groups; control, rats treated daily with CUR-NPs (50 mg/kg) for 14 days, rats treated with an acute dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and rats treated daily with CUR-NPs for 14 days injected with doxorubicin on the 10th day. After electrocardiogram (ECG) recording from rats at different groups, rat decapitation was carried out and the heart of each rat was excised out to measure the oxidative stress parameters; lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of Na,K,ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE). In addition, the levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were determined in the cardiac tissues. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured in the serum. The ECG recordings indicated that daily pretreatment with CUR- NPs has prevented the tachycardia (i.e. increase in heart rate) and ameliorated the changes in ST wave and QRS complex induced by doxorubicin. In addition, CUR-NPs prevented doxorubicin induced significant increase in MDA, NO, DA, AchE and LDH and doxorubicin induced significant decrease in GSH, NE, 5-HT and Na,K,ATPase. According to the present findings, it could be concluded that CUR-NPs have a protective effect against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. This may shed more light on the importance of CUR-NPs pretreatment before the application of doxorubicin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Merna Magdy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmen S Attia
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia A Sayed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud AbdElaal
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tasca F, Fierro A, Nöll G. Spectroelectrochemical study revealing the redox potential of human monoamine oxidase A. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Monoamine Oxidase-Related Vascular Oxidative Stress in Diseases Associated with Inflammatory Burden. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8954201. [PMID: 31178977 PMCID: PMC6501417 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8954201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) with 2 isoforms, A and B, located at the outer mitochondrial membrane are flavoenzyme membranes with a major role in the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. In the process of oxidative deamination, aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia are constantly generated as potential deleterious by-products. While being systematically studied for decades as sources of reactive oxygen species in brain diseases, compelling evidence nowadays supports the role of MAO-related oxidative stress in cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Indeed, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the most common pathomechanisms of the main noncommunicable diseases of our century. MAO inhibition with the new generation of reversible and selective drugs has recently emerged as a pharmacological strategy aimed at mitigating both processes. The aim of this minireview is to summarize available information regarding the contribution of MAO to the vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, metabolic disorders, and chronic kidney disease, all conditions associated with increased inflammatory burden.
Collapse
|
33
|
Iacovino LG, Magnani F, Binda C. The structure of monoamine oxidases: past, present, and future. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1567-1579. [PMID: 30167931 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first crystal structure of mammalian monoamine oxidases (MAOs) was solved in 2002; almost 65 years after, these FAD-dependent enzymes were discovered and classified as responsible for the oxidation of aromatic neurotransmitters. Both MAO A and MAO B feature a two-domain topology characterized by the Rossmann fold, interacting with dinucleotide cofactors, which is intimately associated to a substrate-binding domain. This globular body is endowed with a C-terminal α-helix that anchors the protein to the outer mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer. As monotopic membrane proteins, the structural elucidation of MAOs was a challenging task that required the screening of different detergent conditions for their purification and crystallization. MAO A and MAO B structures differ both in their oligomerization architecture and in details of their active sites. Purified human MAO B and rat MAO A are dimeric, whereas human MAO A was found to be monomeric, which is believed to result from the detergent treatments used to extract the protein from the membrane. The active site of MAOs consists of a hydrophobic cavity located in front of the flavin cofactor and extending to the protein surface. Some structural features are highly conserved in the two isozymes, such as a Tyr-Tyr aromatic sandwich in front of the flavin ring and a Lys residue hydrogen-bonded to the cofactor N5 atom, whereas a pair of gating residues (Phe208/Ile335 in MAO A; Ile199/Tyr326 in MAO B) specifically determines the different substrate and inhibitor properties of the two enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Magnani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|