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Grzelczyk J, Pérez-Sánchez H, Carmena-Bargueño M, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Budryn G. Assessment of the Interaction of Acetylcholinesterase Binding with Bioactive Compounds from Coffee and Coffee Fractions Digested In Vitro in the Gastrointestinal Tract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39365899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by green and light- and dark-roasted coffee extracts and their fractions after digestion in a simulated gastrointestinal tract. The analysis was carried out using isothermal titration calorimetry, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations. The results showed that 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid binds strongly to AChE through hydrogen interactions with the amino acids ARG289A, HIS440A, and PHE288A and hydrophobic interactions with TYR121A in the active site of the enzyme. The Robusta green coffee extract (ΔG = -35.87 kJ/mol) and dichlorogenic acid fraction (ΔG = -19-29 kJ/mol) showed the highest affinity. Dichlorogenic acids (3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) have high affinity for AChE as single compounds (ΔG(ITC) = -48.99-55.36 kJ/mol, ΔG(LF/AD) = -43.38-45.38 kJ/mol). The concentration necessary to reduce AChE activity by 50% amounted to 0.22 μmol/μmol chlorogenic acids to the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-537, Poland
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-537, Poland
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2
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Salmon E, Collette F, Bastin C. Cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Cortex 2024; 179:50-61. [PMID: 39141935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a useful paraclinical exam for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this narrative review, we report seminal studies in clinically probable AD that have shown the importance of posterior brain metabolic decrease and the paradoxical variability of the hippocampal metabolism. The FDG-PET pattern was a sensitive indicator of AD in pathologically confirmed cases and it was used for differential diagnosis of dementia conditions. In prodromal AD, the AD FDG-PET pattern was observed in converters and predicted conversion. Automated data analysis techniques provided variable accuracy according to the reported indices and machine learning methods showed variable reliability of results. FDG-PET could confirm AD clinical heterogeneity and image data driven analyses identified hypometabolic subtypes with variable involvement of the hippocampus, reminiscent if the paradoxical FDG uptake. In studies dedicated to clinical and metabolic correlations, episodic memory was related to metabolism in the default mode network (and Papez's circuit) in prodromal and mild AD stages, and specific cognitive processes were associated to precisely distributed brain metabolism. Cerebral metabolic correlates of anosognosia could also be related to current neuropsychological models. AD FDG-PET pattern was reported in preclinical AD stages and related to cognition or to conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using other biomarkers, the AD FDG-PET pattern was confirmed in AD participants with positive PET-amyloid. Intriguing observations reported increased metabolism related to brain amyloid and/or tau deposition. Preserved glucose metabolism sometimes appear as a compensation, but it was frequently detrimental and the nature of such a preservation of glucose metabolism remains an open question. Limbic metabolic involvement was frequently related to non-AD biomarkers profile and clinical stability, and it was reported in non-AD pathologies, such as the limbic predominant age-related encephalopathy (LATE). FDG-PET abnormalities observed in the absence of classical AD proteinopathies can be useful to search for pathological mechanisms and differential diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Salmon
- GIGA Research, CRC Human Imaging, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA Research, CRC Human Imaging, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA Research, CRC Human Imaging, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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3
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Liang G, Lee YZ, Kow ASF, Lee QL, Cheng Lim LW, Yusof R, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Neuroprotective effects of Gypenosides: A review on preclinical studies in neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176766. [PMID: 38908668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino is a perennial creeping herb belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family that has a long history of usage in traditional oriental medicine. Gypenosides are the primary bioactive compounds in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Because of the medicinal value of gypenosides, functional food and supplements containing gypenosides have been promoted and consumed with popularity, especially among Asian communities. This review presented the progress made in the research of pharmacological properties of gypenosides on diseases of the nervous system and their possible mechanism of action. To date, preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of gypenosides in alleviating neuropsychiatric disorders like depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, secondary dementia, stroke, optic neuritis, etc. Pharmacological studies have discovered that gypenosides can modulate various major signaling pathways like NF-κB, Nrf2, AKT, ERK1/2, contributing to the neuroprotective properties. However, there is a dearth of clinical research on gypenosides, with current investigations on the compounds being mainly conducted in vitro and on animals. Future studies focusing on isolating and purifying novel gypenosides and investigations on exploring the potential molecular mechanism underlying their biological activities are warranted, which may serve as a foundation for further clinical trials for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Yu Zhao Lee
- Office of Postgraduate Studies, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Qi Long Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Luis Wei Cheng Lim
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang , 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang , 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yu-Cheng Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia; Centre of Research for Mental Health and Well-being, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
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4
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Abdulhameed N, Babin A, Hansen K, Weaver R, Banks WA, Talbot K, Rhea EM. Comparing regional brain uptake of incretin receptor agonists after intranasal delivery in CD-1 mice and the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:173. [PMID: 39085976 PMCID: PMC11293113 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting brain insulin resistance (BIR) has become an attractive alternative to traditional therapeutic treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Incretin receptor agonists (IRAs), targeting either or both of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, have proven to reverse BIR and improve cognition in mouse models of AD. We previously showed that many, but not all, IRAs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intravenous (IV) delivery. Here we determined if widespread brain uptake of IRAs could be achieved by circumventing the BBB using intranasal (IN) delivery, which has the added advantage of minimizing adverse gastrointestinal effects of systemically delivered IRAs. Of the 5 radiolabeled IRAs tested (exenatide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, DA4-JC, and DA5-CH) in CD-1 mice, exenatide, dulaglutide, and DA4-JC were successfully distributed throughout the brain following IN delivery. We observed significant sex differences in uptake for DA4-JC. Dulaglutide and DA4-JC exhibited high uptake by the hippocampus and multiple neocortical areas. We further tested and found the presence of AD-associated Aβ pathology minimally affected uptake of dulaglutide and DA4-JC. Of the 5 tested IRAs, dulaglutide and DA4-JC are best capable of accessing brain regions most vulnerable in AD (neocortex and hippocampus) after IN administration. Future studies will need to be performed to determine if IN IRA delivery can reduce BIR in AD or animal models of that disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Abdulhameed
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Alice Babin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Kim Hansen
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Riley Weaver
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98498, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Human Anatomy, and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98498, USA.
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Ansari MA, Tripathi T, Venkidasamy B, Monziani A, Rajakumar G, Alomary MN, Alyahya SA, Onimus O, D'souza N, Barkat MA, Al-Suhaimi EA, Samynathan R, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Alzheimer's Disease: Befriending the Barriers. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3042-3089. [PMID: 37966683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have been increasing in incidence in recent years and are now widespread worldwide. Neuronal death is defined as the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function which is closely associated with NDDs and represents the intrinsic features of such disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases (AD, PD, and HD, respectively) are considered neurodegenerative diseases that affect a large number of people worldwide. Despite the testing of various drugs, there is currently no available therapy that can remedy or effectively slow the progression of these diseases. Nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery for the management of NDDs. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency and is currently subjected to extensive studies. Nanoengineered particles, known as nanodrugs, can cross the blood-brain barrier while also being less invasive compared to the most treatment strategies in use. Polymeric, magnetic, carbonic, and inorganic NPs are examples of NPs that have been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency. Primary research studies using NPs to cure AD are promising, but thorough research is needed to introduce these approaches to clinical use. In the present review, we discussed the role of metal-based NPs, polymeric nanogels, nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, solid lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, exosomes, quantum dots, dendrimers, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers and surfactant-based systems for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we highlighted nanoformulations such as N-butyl cyanoacrylate, poly(butyl cyanoacrylate), D-penicillamine, citrate-coated peptide, magnetic iron oxide, chitosan (CS), lipoprotein, ceria, silica, metallic nanoparticles, cholinesterase inhibitors, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, metal chelators, anti-amyloid, protein, and peptide-loaded NPs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takshashila Tripathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Monziani
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oriane Onimus
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Naomi D'souza
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Research Consultation Department, Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Castro-Gomez S, Heneka MT. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 2024; 57:790-814. [PMID: 38599171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system following pattern recognition receptor binding has emerged as one of the major pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. Experimental, epidemiological, pathological, and genetic evidence underscores the meaning of innate immune activation during the prodromal as well as clinical phases of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia. Importantly, innate immune activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators contribute mechanistically to other hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as aberrant proteostatis, pathological protein aggregation, cytoskeleton abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, RNA and DNA defects, and synaptic and network disbalance and ultimately to the induction of neuronal cell death. In this review, we discuss common mechanisms of innate immune activation in neurodegeneration, with particular emphasis on the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other receptors involved in the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Castro-Gomez
- Center for Neurology, Department of Parkinson, Sleep and Movement Disorders, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Miao L, Wei Y, Lu X, Jiang M, Liu Y, Li P, Ren Y, Zhang H, Chen W, Han B, Lu W. Interaction of 2D nanomaterial with cellular barrier: Membrane attachment and intracellular trafficking. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115131. [PMID: 37977338 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane serves as a barrier against the free entry of foreign substances into the cell. Limited by factors such as solubility and targeting, it is difficult for some drugs to pass through the cell membrane barrier and exert the expected therapeutic effect. Two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D NM) has the advantages of high drug loading capacity, flexible modification, and multimodal combination therapy, making them a novel drug delivery vehicle for drug membrane attachment and intracellular transport. By modulating the surface properties of nanocarriers, it is capable of carrying drugs to break through the cell membrane barrier and achieve precise treatment. In this review, we review the classification of various common 2D NMs, the primary parameters affecting their adhesion to cell membranes, and the uptake mechanisms of intracellular transport. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of 2D NMs for several major disorders. We anticipate this review will deepen researchers' understanding of the interaction of 2D NM drug carriers with cell membrane barriers, and provide insights for the subsequent development of novel intelligent nanomaterials capable of intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Miao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yaoyao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Wanliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Chien CF, Sung JL, Wang CP, Yen CW, Yang YH. Analyzing Facial Asymmetry in Alzheimer's Dementia Using Image-Based Technology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2802. [PMID: 37893175 PMCID: PMC10604711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated accelerated brain aging in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Previous studies have also reported that facial asymmetry increases with age. Because obtaining facial images is much easier than obtaining brain images, the aim of this work was to investigate whether AD exhibits accelerated aging patterns in facial asymmetry. We developed new facial asymmetry measures to compare Alzheimer's patients with healthy controls. A three-dimensional camera was used to capture facial images, and 68 facial landmarks were identified using an open-source machine-learning algorithm called OpenFace. A standard image registration method was used to align the three-dimensional original and mirrored facial images. This study used the registration error, representing landmark superimposition asymmetry distances, to examine 29 pairs of landmarks to characterize facial asymmetry. After comparing the facial images of 150 patients with AD with those of 150 age- and sex-matched non-demented controls, we found that the asymmetry of 20 landmarks was significantly different in AD than in the controls (p < 0.05). The AD-linked asymmetry was concentrated in the face edge, eyebrows, eyes, nostrils, and mouth. Facial asymmetry evaluation may thus serve as a tool for the detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Li Sung
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Yen
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of and Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of and Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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10
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Hromadkova L, Kim C, Haldiman T, Peng L, Zhu X, Cohen M, de Silva R, Safar JG. Evolving prion-like tau conformers differentially alter postsynaptic proteins in neurons inoculated with distinct isolates of Alzheimer's disease tau. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 37723591 PMCID: PMC10507869 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although accumulation of misfolded tau species has been shown to predict cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies but with the remarkable diversity of clinical manifestations, neuropathology profiles, and time courses of disease progression remaining unexplained by current genetic data. We considered the diversity of misfolded tau conformers present in individual AD cases as an underlying driver of the phenotypic variations of AD and progressive loss of synapses. METHODS To model the mechanism of tau propagation and synaptic toxicity of distinct tau conformers, we inoculated wild-type primary mouse neurons with structurally characterized Sarkosyl-insoluble tau isolates from the frontal cortex of six AD cases and monitored the impact for fourteen days. We analyzed the accumulation rate, tau isoform ratio, and conformational characteristics of de novo-induced tau aggregates with conformationally sensitive immunoassays, and the dynamics of synapse formation, maintenance, and their loss using a panel of pre-and post-synaptic markers. RESULTS At the same concentrations of tau, the different AD tau isolates induced accumulation of misfolded predominantly 4-repeat tau aggregates at different rates in mature neurons, and demonstrated distinct conformational characteristics corresponding to the original AD brain tau. The time-course of the formation of misfolded tau aggregates and colocalization correlated with significant loss of synapses in tau-inoculated cell cultures and the reduction of synaptic connections implicated the disruption of postsynaptic compartment as an early event. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained with mature neurons expressing physiological levels and adult isoforms of tau protein demonstrate markedly different time courses of endogenous tau misfolding and differential patterns of post-synaptic alterations. These and previous biophysical data argue for an ensemble of various misfolded tau aggregates in individual AD brains and template propagation of their homologous conformations in neurons with different rates and primarily postsynaptic interactors. Modeling tau aggregation in mature differentiated neurons provides a platform for investigating divergent molecular mechanisms of tau strain propagation and for identifying common structural features of misfolded tau and critical interactors for new therapeutic targets and approaches in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hromadkova
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Chae Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Tracy Haldiman
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lihua Peng
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mark Cohen
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Jiri G Safar
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Departments of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Departments of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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11
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Li R, Xiong W, Li B, Li Y, Fang B, Wang X, Ren F. Plasmalogen Improves Memory Function by Regulating Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12234. [PMID: 37569610 PMCID: PMC10418626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is associated with hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and its initiation is attributed to neural stem cells (NSCs). Dysregulated AHN has been identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may underlie impaired cognitive function in AD. Modulating the function of NSCs and stimulating AHN are potential ways to manipulate AD. Plasmalogen (PLA) are a class of cell membrane glycerophospholipids which exhibit neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of PLA on altered AHN in AD has not been investigated. In our study, PLA(10μg/mL) -attenuated Aβ (1-42) (5μM) induced a decrease in NSC viability and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, partially through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, AD mice were supplemented with PLA (67mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. PLA treatment improved the impaired AHN in AD mice, including increasing the number of neural stem cells (NSCs) and newly generated neurons. The memory function of AD mice was also enhanced after PLA administration. Therefore, it was summarized that PLA could regulate NSC differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ameliorate AD-related memory impairment through up-regulating AHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Boying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Xifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (W.X.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (B.F.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
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12
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Landry O, François A, Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba MF, Traversy MT, Tremblay C, Emond V, Bennett DA, Gylys KH, Buxbaum JD, Calon F. Postsynaptic Protein Shank3a Deficiency Synergizes with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology to Impair Cognitive Performance in the 3xTg-AD Murine Model. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4941-4954. [PMID: 37253603 PMCID: PMC10312061 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1945-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss is intrinsically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and symptoms, but its direct impact on clinical symptoms remains elusive. The postsynaptic protein Shank3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains) is of particular interest, as the loss of a single allele of the SHANK3 gene is sufficient to cause profound cognitive symptoms in children. We thus sought to determine whether a SHANK3 deficiency could contribute to the emergence or worsening of AD symptoms and neuropathology. We first found a 30%-50% postmortem loss of SHANK3a associated with cognitive decline in the parietal cortex of individuals with AD. To further probe the role of SHANK3 in AD, we crossed male and female 3xTg-AD mice modelling Aβ and tau pathologies with Shank3a-deficient mice (Shank3Δex4-9). We observed synergistic deleterious effects of Shank3a deficiency and AD neuropathology on object recognition memory at 9, 12, and 18 months of age and on anxious behavior at 9 and 12 months of age in hemizygous Shank3Δex4-9-3xTg-AD mice. In addition to the expected 50% loss of Shank3a, levels of other synaptic proteins, such as PSD-95, drebrin, and homer1, remained unchanged in the parietotemporal cortex of hemizygous Shank3Δex4-9 animals. However, Shank3a deficiency increased the levels of soluble Aβ42 and human tau at 18 months of age compared with 3xTg-AD mice with normal Shank3 expression. The results of this study in human brain samples and in transgenic mice are consistent with the hypothesis that Shank3 deficiency makes a key contribution to cognitive impairment in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. The results of this study in human samples show lower levels of SHANK3a in AD brain, correlating with cognitive decline. Data gathered in a novel transgenic mouse suggest that Shank3a deficiency synergizes with AD neuropathology to induce cognitive impairment, consistent with a causal role in AD. Therefore, treatment aiming at preserving Shank3 in the aging brain may be beneficial to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Landry
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud François
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Méryl-Farelle Oye Mintsa Mi-Mba
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Therese Traversy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Karen H Gylys
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, New York
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec G1V 4G2, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Sadaghiani S, Trotman W, Lim SA, Chung E, Ittyerah R, Ravikumar S, Khandelwal P, Prabhakaran K, Lavery ML, Ohm DT, Gabrielyan M, Das SR, Schuck T, Capp N, Peterson CS, Migdal E, Artacho-Pérula E, del Mar Arroyo Jiménez M, del Pilar Marcos Rabal M, Sánchez SC, de la Rosa Prieto C, Parada MC, Insausti R, Robinson JL, McMillan C, Grossman M, Lee EB, Detre JA, Xie SX, Trojanowski JQ, Tisdall MD, Wisse LEM, Irwin DJ, Wolk DA, Yushkevich PA. Associations of phosphorylated tau pathology with whole-hemisphere ex vivo morphometry in 7 tesla MRI. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2355-2364. [PMID: 36464907 PMCID: PMC10239526 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with different pathologies that often co-occur but cannot be measured specifically with in vivo methods. METHODS Thirty-three brain hemispheres from donors with an Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum diagnosis underwent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gray matter thickness was paired with histopathology from the closest anatomic region in the contralateral hemisphere. RESULTS Partial Spearman correlation of phosphorylated tau and cortical thickness with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and α-synuclein scores, age, sex, and postmortem interval as covariates showed significant relationships in entorhinal and primary visual cortices, temporal pole, and insular and posterior cingulate gyri. Linear models including Braak stages, TDP-43 and α-synuclein scores, age, sex, and postmortem interval showed significant correlation between Braak stage and thickness in the parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and Broadman area 35. CONCLUSION We demonstrated an association of measures of AD pathology with tissue loss in several AD regions despite a limited range of pathology in these cases. HIGHLIGHTS Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with co-occurring pathologies that cannot be measured specifically with in vivo methods. Identification of the topographic patterns of these pathologies in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide probabilistic biomarkers. We demonstrated the correlation of the specific patterns of tissue loss from ex vivo brain MRI with underlying pathologies detected in postmortem brain hemispheres in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum disorders. The results provide insight into the interpretation of in vivo structural MRI studies in patients with AD spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Sadaghiani
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Winifred Trotman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney A Lim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eunice Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ranjit Ittyerah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sadhana Ravikumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pulkit Khandelwal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madigan L Lavery
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel T Ohm
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marianna Gabrielyan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R. Das
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theresa Schuck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noah Capp
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claire S Peterson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elyse Migdal
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emilio Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Sandra Cebada Sánchez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa Prieto
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Córcoles Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - John L Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corey McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A. Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon X. Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura EM Wisse
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A. Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Wüllner U, Borghammer P, Choe CU, Csoti I, Falkenburger B, Gasser T, Lingor P, Riederer P. The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:827-838. [PMID: 37169935 PMCID: PMC10174621 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD), i.e. the various clinical phenotypes, pathological findings, genetic predispositions and probably also the various implicated pathophysiological pathways pose a major challenge for future research projects and therapeutic trail design. We outline several pathophysiological concepts, pathways and mechanisms, including the presumed roles of α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, Lewy bodies, oxidative stress, iron and melanin, deficient autophagy processes, insulin and incretin signaling, T-cell autoimmunity, the gut-brain axis and the evidence that microbial (viral) agents may induce molecular hallmarks of neurodegeneration. The hypothesis is discussed, whether PD might indeed be triggered by exogenous (infectious) agents in susceptible individuals upon entry via the olfactory bulb (brain first) or the gut (body-first), which would support the idea that disease mechanisms may change over time. The unresolved heterogeneity of PD may have contributed to the failure of past clinical trials, which attempted to slow the course of PD. We thus conclude that PD patients need personalized therapeutic approaches tailored to specific phenomenological and etiologic subtypes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Itzehoe, Robert-Koch-Straße 2, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Fachklinik Für Parkinson, Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen, Karl-Ferdinand-Broll-Straße 2-4, 35638 Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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15
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Maitre M, Jeltsch-David H, Okechukwu NG, Klein C, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Myelin in Alzheimer's disease: culprit or bystander? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:56. [PMID: 37004127 PMCID: PMC10067200 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal and synaptic losses due to the accumulation of toxic amyloid β (Αβ) peptide oligomers, plaques, and tangles containing tau (tubulin-associated unit) protein. While familial AD is caused by specific mutations, the sporadic disease is more common and appears to result from a complex chronic brain neuroinflammation with mitochondriopathies, inducing free radicals' accumulation. In aged brain, mutations in DNA and several unfolded proteins participate in a chronic amyloidosis response with a toxic effect on myelin sheath and axons, leading to cognitive deficits and dementia. Αβ peptides are the most frequent form of toxic amyloid oligomers. Accumulations of misfolded proteins during several years alters different metabolic mechanisms, induce chronic inflammatory and immune responses with toxic consequences on neuronal cells. Myelin composition and architecture may appear to be an early target for the toxic activity of Aβ peptides and others hydrophobic misfolded proteins. In this work, we describe the possible role of early myelin alterations in the genesis of neuronal alterations and the onset of symptomatology. We propose that some pathophysiological and clinical forms of the disease may arise from structural and metabolic disorders in the processes of myelination/demyelination of brain regions where the accumulation of non-functional toxic proteins is important. In these forms, the primacy of the deleterious role of amyloid peptides would be a matter of questioning and the initiating role of neuropathology would be primarily the fact of dysmyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Maitre
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
| | - Hélène Jeltsch-David
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant CS 10413, Illkirch cedex, 67412, France
| | - Nwife Getrude Okechukwu
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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16
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Nakamura T, Hashita T, Chen Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Islam S, Sato H, Shibuya Y, Zou K, Matsunaga T, Michikawa M. Aβ42 treatment of the brain side reduced the level of flotillin from endothelial cells on the blood side via FGF-2 signaling in a blood-brain barrier model. Mol Brain 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 36698209 PMCID: PMC9878866 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the flotillin level is decreased in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) when compared to that of patients with non-AD and vascular dementia; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be determined. In this study, to elucidate whether Aβ accumulation in the brain has an effect on the blood flotillin level, we used our previously established blood-brain barrier (BBB) culture model using microvascular endothelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iBMECs) and astrocytes prepared from rat cortex. In this BBB model with iBMECs plated on the upper compartment (blood side) and astrocytes plated on the lower compartment (brain side), the trans-endothelial electrical resistance values are high (over 1500 Ωm2) and stable during experiments. We found that the addition of Aβ42 (0.5 and 2 µM) to the brain side significantly reduced the level of flotillin secreted by iBMECs on the blood side. The level of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the brain side was significantly reduced by Aβ42 treatment, and was accompanied by a reduction in the level of phosphorylation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in iBMECs. The brain-side Aβ42 treatment-induced reduction of flotillin secretion into the blood side was restored in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of FGF-2 into the brain side. These results indicated that Aβ accumulation in the brain side reduced FGF-2 release from astrocytes, which attenuated FGF-2-mediated iBMECs signaling via the FGF-2 receptor, and thereby reduced flotillin secretion from iBMECs on the blood side. Our findings revealed a novel signaling pathway crossing the BBB from the brain side to the blood side, which is different from the classical intramural periarterial drainage or lymphatic-system-to-blood pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakamura
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan ,grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yuxin Chen
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yang Sun
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Sadequl Islam
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Kun Zou
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
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17
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Buchman AS, Leurgans SE, Kim N, Agrawal S, Oveisgharan S, Zammit AR, VanderHorst V, Nag S, Bennett DA. Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Outside of the Cerebrum Is Related to a Higher Odds of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:563-578. [PMID: 37840485 PMCID: PMC11406461 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessments of Alzheimer's disease pathology do not routinely include lower brainstem, olfactory bulb, and spinal cord. OBJECTIVE Test if amyloid-β (Aβ) and paired helical filament (PHF) tau-tangles outside the cerebrum are associated with the odds of dementia. METHODS Autopsies were obtained in decedents with cognitive testing (n = 300). Aβ plaques and PHF tau-tangles were assessed in 24 sites: cerebrum (n = 14), brainstem (n = 5), olfactory bulb, and four spinal cord levels. Since spinal Aβ were absent in the first 165 cases, it was not assessed in the remaining cases. RESULTS Age at death was 91 years old. About 90% had Aβ in cerebrum and of these, half had Aβ in the brainstem. Of the latter, 85% showed Aβ in the olfactory bulb. All but one participant had tau-tangles in the cerebrum and 86% had brainstem tau-tangles. Of the latter, 80% had tau-tangles in olfactory bulb and 36% tau-tangles in one or more spinal cord levels. About 90% of adults with tau-tangles also had Aβ in one or more regions. In a logistic model controlling for demographics, Aβ and tau-tangles within the cerebrum, the presence of Aβ in olfactory bulb [OR, 1.74(1.00, 3.05)]; tau-tangles in brainstem [OR, 4.00(1.1.57,10.21)]; and spinal cord [OR, 1.87 (1.21,3.11)] were independently associated with higher odds of dementia. CONCLUSION Regional differences in Aβ and tau-tangle accumulation extend beyond cerebrum to spinal cord and their presence outside the cerebrum are associated with a higher odds of dementia. Further studies are needed to clarify the extent, burden, and consequences of AD pathology outside of cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Namhee Kim
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonal Agrawal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea R Zammit
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sukrit Nag
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Multipharmacophore strategy in medicinal chemistry for the design of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and some other neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-023-3718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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19
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Malta SM, Batista LL, Silva HCG, Franco RR, Silva MH, Rodrigues TS, Correia LIV, Martins MM, Venturini G, Espindola FS, da Silva MV, Ueira-Vieira C. Identification of bioactive peptides from a Brazilian kefir sample, and their anti-Alzheimer potential in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11065. [PMID: 35773306 PMCID: PMC9246878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, affecting cognitive, intellectual, and motor functions. Different hypotheses explain AD’s mechanism, such as the amyloidogenic hypothesis. Moreover, this disease is multifactorial, and several studies have shown that gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress influence its pathogenesis. Knowing that kefir is a probiotic used in therapies to restore dysbiosis and that the bioactive peptides present in it have antioxidant properties, we explored its biotechnological potential as a source of molecules capable of modulating the amyloidogenic pathway and reducing oxidative stress, contributing to the treatment of AD. For that, we used Drosophila melanogaster model for AD (AD-like flies). Identification of bioactive peptides in the kefir sample was made by proteomic and peptidomic analyses, followed by in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. Flies were treated and their motor performance, brain morphology, and oxidative stress evaluated. Finally, we performed molecular docking between the peptides found and the main pathology-related proteins in the flies. The results showed that the fraction with the higher peptide concentration was positive for the parameters evaluated. In conclusion, these results revealed these kefir peptide-rich fractions have therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mares Malta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Acre Street, 2E building, room 230, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-319, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mário Machado Martins
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Venturini
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular-LIM-13, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Vieira da Silva
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Acre Street, 2E building, room 230, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-319, Brazil.
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20
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Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes Derived from Adipose Tissue-Sourced Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neural and Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094487. [PMID: 35562878 PMCID: PMC9105552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic agents that are able to prevent or attenuate inflammation and ischemia-induced injury of neural and retinal cells could be used for the treatment of neural and retinal diseases. Exosomes derived from adipose tissue-sourced mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC-Exos) are extracellular vesicles that contain neurotrophins, immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory factors secreted by their parental cells. AT-MSC-Exos are enriched with bioactive molecules (microRNAs (miRNAs), enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunoregulatory, trophic, and growth factors), that alleviate inflammation and promote the survival of injured cells in neural and retinal tissues. Due to the nano-sized dimension and bilayer lipid envelope, AT-MSC-Exos easily bypass blood–brain and blood–retinal barriers and deliver their cargo directly into the target cells. Accordingly, a large number of experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of AT-MSC-Exos in the treatment of neural and retinal diseases. By delivering neurotrophins, AT-MSC-Exos prevent apoptosis of injured neurons and retinal cells and promote neuritogenesis. AT-MSC-Exos alleviate inflammation in the injured brain, spinal cord, and retinas by delivering immunoregulatory factors in immune cells, suppressing their inflammatory properties. AT-MSC-Exos may act as biological mediators that deliver pro-angiogenic miRNAs in endothelial cells, enabling re-vascularization of ischemic neural and retinal tissues. Herewith, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms which were responsible for the beneficial effects of AT-MSC-Exos in the treatment of neural and retinal diseases, emphasizing their therapeutic potential in neurology and ophthalmology.
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21
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Akinyemi RO, Yaria J, Ojagbemi A, Guerchet M, Okubadejo N, Njamnshi AK, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Ogbole G, Ayantayo T, Adokonou T, Paddick SM, Ndetei D, Bosche J, Ayele B, Damas A, Coker M, Mbakile-Mahlanza L, Ranchod K, Bobrow K, Anazodo U, Damasceno A, Seshadri S, Pericak-Vance M, Lawlor B, Miller BL, Owolabi M, Baiyewu O, Walker R, Gureje O, Kalaria RN, Ogunniyi A. Dementia in Africa: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:790-809. [PMID: 34569714 PMCID: PMC8957626 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In tandem with the ever-increasing aging population in low and middle-income countries, the burden of dementia is rising on the African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% and incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person-years with increasing mortality in parts of rapidly transforming Africa. Differences in nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, and detection likely contribute to lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurocognitive disorders are the most common dementia subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies with robust methodology and regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is most studied but has shown differential effects within African ancestry compared to Caucasian. More candidate gene and genome-wide association studies are needed to relate to dementia phenotypes. Validated culture-sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education and language differences are critically needed for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as the proposed African Dementia Consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akin Ojagbemi
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alfred K Njamnshi
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Geneva, Switzerland/Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School/Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Ayantayo
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Thierry Adokonou
- Department of Neurology, University Teaching Hospital, Parakou, Benin
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK/Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, UK
| | - David Ndetei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi and African Meatal Health and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Bosche
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Biniyam Ayele
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrea Damas
- Mirembe Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Motunrayo Coker
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lingani Mbakile-Mahlanza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kirti Ranchod
- Lufuno Neuropsychiatry Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kirsten Bobrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Udunna Anazodo
- Lawson Health Research Institute / Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John T. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Centre for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Baiyewu
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Richard Walker
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry University College Hospital/College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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22
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de Flores R, Das SR, Xie L, Wisse LEM, Lyu X, Shah P, Yushkevich PA, Wolk DA. Medial Temporal Lobe Networks in Alzheimer's Disease: Structural and Molecular Vulnerabilities. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2131-2141. [PMID: 35086906 PMCID: PMC8916768 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0949-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is connected to the rest of the brain through two main networks: the anterior-temporal (AT) and the posterior-medial (PM) systems. Given the crucial role of the MTL and networks in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the present study aimed at (1) investigating whether MTL atrophy propagates specifically within the AT and PM networks, and (2) evaluating the vulnerability of these networks to AD proteinopathies. To do that, we used neuroimaging data acquired in human male and female in three distinct cohorts: (1) resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) from the aging brain cohort (ABC) to define the AT and PM networks (n = 68); (2) longitudinal structural MRI from Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI)GO/2 to highlight structural covariance patterns (n = 349); and (3) positron emission tomography (PET) data from ADNI3 to evaluate the networks' vulnerability to amyloid and tau (n = 186). Our results suggest that the atrophy of distinct MTL subregions propagates within the AT and PM networks in a dissociable manner. Brodmann area (BA)35 structurally covaried within the AT network while the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) covaried within the PM network. In addition, these networks are differentially associated with relative tau and amyloid burden, with higher tau levels in AT than in PM and higher amyloid levels in PM than in AT. Our results also suggest differences in the relative burden of tau species. The current results provide further support for the notion that two distinct MTL networks display differential alterations in the context of AD. These findings have important implications for disease spread and the cognitive manifestations of AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current study provides further support for the notion that two distinct medial temporal lobe (MTL) networks, i.e., anterior-temporal (AT) and the posterior-medial (PM), display differential alterations in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Importantly, neurodegeneration appears to occur within these networks in a dissociable manner marked by their covariance patterns. In addition, the AT and PM networks are also differentially associated with relative tau and amyloid burden, and perhaps differences in the relative burden of tau species [e.g., neurofibriliary tangles (NFTs) vs tau in neuritic plaques]. These findings, in the context of a growing literature consistent with the present results, have important implications for disease spread and the cognitive manifestations of AD in light of the differential cognitive processes ascribed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin de Flores
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
- Université de Caen Normandie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) Unité 1237, Caen 14000, France
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Long Xie
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Xueying Lyu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Preya Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania
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23
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar N, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2244-2259. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
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24
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Investigating the Endo-Lysosomal System in Major Neurocognitive Disorders Due to Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Lewy Body Disease: Evidence for SORL1 as a Cross-Disease Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413633. [PMID: 34948429 PMCID: PMC8704369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in the endo-lysosomal system have been hypothesized to underlie neurodegeneration in major neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), and Lewy body disease (DLB). The aim of this study is to investigate whether these diseases share genetic variability in the endo-lysosomal pathway. In AD, DLB, and FTLD patients and in controls (948 subjects), we performed a targeted sequencing of the top 50 genes belonging to the endo-lysosomal pathway. Genetic analyses revealed (i) four previously reported disease-associated variants in the SORL1 (p.N1246K, p.N371T, p.D2065V) and DNAJC6 genes (p.M133L) in AD, FTLD, and DLB, extending the previous knowledge attesting SORL1 and DNAJC6 as AD- and PD-related genes, respectively; (ii) three predicted null variants in AD patients in the SORL1 (p.R985X in early onset familial AD, p.R1207X) and PPT1 (p.R48X in early onset familial AD) genes, where loss of function is a known disease mechanism. A single variant and gene burden analysis revealed some nominally significant results of potential interest for SORL1 and DNAJC6 genes. Our data highlight that genes controlling key endo-lysosomal processes (i.e., protein sorting/transport, clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating, lysosomal enzymatic activity regulation) might be involved in AD, FTLD and DLB pathogenesis, thus suggesting an etiological link behind these diseases.
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25
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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Lea R, Benge JF, Adler CH, Beach TG, Belden CM, Zhang N, Shill HA, Driver-Dunckley E, Mehta SH, Atri A. An initial exploration of the convergent and ecological validity of the UDS 3.0 neuropsychological battery in Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:918-925. [PMID: 35138228 PMCID: PMC8881345 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2034753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Uniform Data Set 3.0 neuropsychological battery (UDS3NB) is well developed for research with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and may serve as a common set of measures of cognitive decline across neurodegenerative diseases. However, the battery has not been formally assessed in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). The current research provides initial information on the convergent and ecological validity of the UDS3NB in individuals with PD. METHODS Participants included 75 individuals diagnosed with PD from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clinical dementia ratings, administered independently from the cognitive measures, identified individuals as having normal cognition (n = 38), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 25) and dementia (n = 12). UDS3NB measures were compared between these groups, and correlations between UDS3NB measures, gold standard neuropsychological measures, and informant rated activities of daily living ability (ADL) were evaluated. RESULTS At the group-level, UDS3NB scores followed the expected pattern with higher scores in participants with PD but no cognitive diagnosis and lower in those with dementia; scores in the MCI group were between these extremes. Convergent validity was suggested by moderate correlations between UDS specific measures (i.e., Craft story) and measures such as the RAVLT. Ecological validity was suggested by statistically significant correlations between UDS3NB performance and caregiver ratings of ADLs, with speed and executive functioning measures (Trailmaking A; r = -.51, p < .01; Trailmaking B; r = -.51, p < .01) most strongly related to reported daily functioning. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial support for the convergent and ecological validity of the UDS3NB in individuals with PD. Implications and future directions for this battery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- RoShunna Lea
- Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jared F. Benge
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Charles H. Adler
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G. Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Christine M. Belden
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Erika Driver-Dunckley
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Shyamal H. Mehta
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Alireza Atri
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA,Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The next step of neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5647-5660. [PMID: 34232464 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among different pathological mechanisms, neuronal loss and neurogenesis impairment in the hippocampus play important roles in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative diseases, which is very debilitating. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into neurogenesis and AD and discuss how pharmacological drugs and herbal active components have impacts on neurogenesis and consequently improve cognitive functions. To date, despite huge research, no effective treatment has been approved for AD. Therefore, an avenue for future research and drug discovery is stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Evidence suggests that neurogenesis is regulated by the pharmacological treatment that may be recommended as a part of prophylaxis and therapeutic options for AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulating neurogenesis in AD are not well understood. To this point, we highlight to achieve an efficient treatment in AD by manipulating neurogenesis, it's necessary to target all steps of neurogenesis.
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Ginsberg SD, Neubert TA, Sharma S, Digwal CS, Yan P, Timbus C, Wang T, Chiosis G. Disease-specific interactome alterations via epichaperomics: the case for Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:2047-2066. [PMID: 34028172 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasingly appreciated prevalence of complicated stressor-to-phenotype associations in human disease requires a greater understanding of how specific stressors affect systems or interactome properties. Many currently untreatable diseases arise due to variations in, and through a combination of, multiple stressors of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental nature. Unfortunately, how such stressors lead to a specific disease phenotype or inflict a vulnerability to some cells and tissues but not others remains largely unknown and unsatisfactorily addressed. Analysis of cell- and tissue-specific interactome networks may shed light on organization of biological systems and subsequently to disease vulnerabilities. However, deriving human interactomes across different cell and disease contexts remains a challenge. To this end, this opinion article links stressor-induced protein interactome network perturbations to the formation of pathologic scaffolds termed epichaperomes, revealing a viable and reproducible experimental solution to obtaining rigorous context-dependent interactomes. This article presents our views on how a specialized 'omics platform called epichaperomics may complement and enhance the currently available conventional approaches and aid the scientific community in defining, understanding, and ultimately controlling interactome networks of complex diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Ultimately, this approach may aid the transition from a limited single-alteration perspective in disease to a comprehensive network-based mindset, which we posit will result in precision medicine paradigms for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, The NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Calin Timbus
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania
| | - Tai Wang
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Moving fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease from research tools to routine clinical diagnostics. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:10. [PMID: 33608044 PMCID: PMC7893769 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four fluid-based biomarkers have been developed into diagnostic tests for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology: the ratio of 42 to 40 amino acid-long amyloid β, a marker of plaque pathology; total-tau and phosphorylated tau, markers of AD-related changes in tau metabolism and secretion; and neurofilament light, a marker of neurodegeneration. When measured in cerebrospinal fluid, these biomarkers can be used in clinical practice to support a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD. Recently, technological breakthroughs have made it possible to measure them in standard blood samples as well. Here, we give an updated account of the current state of the fluid-based AD biomarker research field. We discuss how the new blood tests may be used in research and clinical practice, and what role they may play in relation to more established diagnostic tests, such as CSF biomarkers and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography, to facilitate the effective implementation of future disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Kumar S, Kapadia A, Theil S, Joshi P, Riffel F, Heneka MT, Walter J. Novel Phosphorylation-State Specific Antibodies Reveal Differential Deposition of Ser26 Phosphorylated Aβ Species in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:619639. [PMID: 33519377 PMCID: PMC7844098 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.619639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and in the cerebral vasculature are prominent neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Amyloid plaques in the brains of most AD patients and transgenic mouse models exhibit heterogeneity in the composition of Aβ deposits, due to the occurrence of elongated, truncated, and post-translationally modified Aβ peptides. Importantly, changes in the deposition of these different Aβ variants are associated with the clinical disease progression and considered to mark sequential phases of plaque and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) maturation at distinct stages of AD. We recently showed that Aβ phosphorylated at serine residue 26 (pSer26Aβ) has peculiar characteristics in aggregation, deposition, and neurotoxicity. In the current study, we developed and thoroughly validated novel monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize Aβ depending on the phosphorylation-state of Ser26. Our results demonstrate that selected phosphorylation state-specific antibodies were able to recognize Ser26 phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated Aβ with high specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western Blotting (WB) assays. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses with these antibodies demonstrated the occurrence of pSer26Aβ in transgenic mouse brains that show differential deposition as compared to non-phosphorylated Aβ (npAβ) or other modified Aβ species. Notably, pSer26Aβ species were faintly detected in extracellular Aβ plaques but most prominently found intraneuronally and in cerebral blood vessels. In conclusion, we developed new antibodies to specifically differentiate Aβ peptides depending on the phosphorylation state of Ser26, which are applicable in ELISA, WB, and immunofluorescence staining of mouse brain tissues. These site- and phosphorylation state-specific Aβ antibodies represent novel tools to examine phosphorylated Aβ species to further understand and dissect the complexity in the age-related and spatio-temporal deposition of different Aβ variants in transgenic mouse models and human AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Akshay Kapadia
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Theil
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pranav Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Riffel
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geropsychiatry, Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Lukiw WJ, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Zhao Y. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the Application of Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E138. [PMID: 32967128 PMCID: PMC7565758 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently stands as one of the most difficult and challenging in all of clinical neurology. AD is typically diagnosed using an integrated knowledge and assessment of multiple biomarkers and interrelated factors. These include the patient's age, gender and lifestyle, medical and genetic history (both clinical- and family-derived), cognitive, physical, behavioral and geriatric assessment, laboratory examination of multiple AD patient biofluids, especially within the systemic circulation (blood serum) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multiple neuroimaging-modalities of the brain's limbic system and/or retina, followed up in many cases by post-mortem neuropathological examination to finally corroborate the diagnosis. More often than not, prospective AD cases are accompanied by other progressive, age-related dementing neuropathologies including, predominantly, a neurovascular and/or cardiovascular component, multiple-infarct dementia (MID), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and/or strokes or 'mini-strokes' often integrated with other age-related neurological and non-neurological disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Especially over the last 40 years, enormous research efforts have been undertaken to discover, characterize, and quantify more effectual and reliable biological markers for AD, especially during the pre-clinical or prodromal stages of AD so that pre-emptive therapeutic treatment strategies may be initiated. While a wealth of genetic, neurobiological, neurochemical, neuropathological, neuroimaging and other diagnostic information obtainable for a single AD patient can be immense: (i) it is currently challenging to integrate and formulate a definitive diagnosis for AD from this multifaceted and multidimensional information; and (ii) these data are unfortunately not directly comparable with the etiopathological patterns of other AD patients even when carefully matched for age, gender, familial genetics, and drug history. Four decades of AD research have repeatedly indicated that diagnostic profiles for AD are reflective of an extremely heterogeneous neurological disorder. This commentary will illuminate the heterogeneity of biomarkers for AD, comment on emerging investigative approaches and discuss why 'precision medicine' is emerging as our best paradigm yet for the most accurate and definitive prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of this insidious and lethal brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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