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Shen TJ, Chen CL, Tsai TT, Jhan MK, Bai CH, Yen YC, Tsai CW, Tseng PC, Yu CY, Lin CF. Hyperglycemia exacerbates dengue virus infection by facilitating poly(A)-binding protein-mediated viral translation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e142805. [PMID: 36125898 PMCID: PMC9675471 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly comorbid with severe dengue diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Patients with DM have a 1.61-fold increased risk of developing dengue hemorrhagic fever. In search of host factors involved in dengue virus (DENV) infection, we used high-glucose (HG) treatment and showed that HG increased viral protein expression and virion release but had no effects on the early stages of viral infection. After HG stimulation, DENV-firefly luciferase-transfected assay and cellular replicon-based assay indicated increased viral translation, whereas using the glucose uptake inhibitor phloretin blocked this effect. HG treatment increased the translational factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in a glucose transporter-associated, PI3K/AKT-regulated manner. Silencing PABP significantly decreased HG-prompted virion production. HG enhanced the formation of the PABP-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G complex, which is regulated by protein-disulfide isomerase. Hyperglycemia increased PABP expression, mortality rate, viral protein expression, and viral loads in streptozotocin-induced DM mice. Overall, hyperglycemic stress facilitates DENV infection by strengthening PABP-mediated viral translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jing Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Yen
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Tsai
- Research Center of Biostatistics, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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2
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Kuo YT, Liu CH, Li JW, Lin CJ, Jassey A, Wu HN, Perng GC, Yen MH, Lin LT. Identification of the phytobioactive Polygonum cuspidatum as an antiviral source for restricting dengue virus entry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16378. [PMID: 33009425 PMCID: PMC7532532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is becoming a serious global threat, owing to its rising incidence in inter-tropical regions that yield over 50 million annual infections. There are currently no approved antiviral agents for the management of dengue, and recent shortcomings in its immunization called for immediate action to develop effective drugs with prophylactic ability to better manage its infection. In an attempt to discover novel antiviral sources, we identified the medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) as a bioactive botanical material against DENV infectivity. Specifically, the methanolic extract from PC rhizomes (PCME) potently inhibited DENV infection without causing significant cytotoxicity. Further examination on the viral life cycle demonstrated that PCME particularly targeted the initial stages of DENV infection, while pre- and post-infection treatments had no effect. More importantly, the PCME could efficiently inactivate DENV free virus particles and block the viral attachment and entry/fusion events without apparently influencing viral replication, egress, and cell-to-cell spread. The antiviral effect of PCME was also recapitulated in infection analysis using DENV pseudoparticles displaying viral structural proteins that mediate DENV particle entry. Besides, PCME treatment also inhibited direct DENV entry into several cell types relevant to its infection and reduced viral infectivity of other members of the Flaviviridae family, including the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Due to its potency against DENV entry, we suggest that the phytobioactive extract from PC is an excellent starting point as an antiviral source material for further development of therapeutic strategies in the prophylactic management of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jin-Wei Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alagie Jassey
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Nan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Fernandes RS, Freire MCLC, Bueno RV, Godoy AS, Gil LHVG, Oliva G. Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060598. [PMID: 32486283 PMCID: PMC7354593 DOI: 10.3390/v12060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S. Fernandes
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (M.C.L.C.F.); (R.V.B.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Marjorie C. L. C. Freire
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (M.C.L.C.F.); (R.V.B.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Renata V. Bueno
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (M.C.L.C.F.); (R.V.B.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Andre S. Godoy
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (M.C.L.C.F.); (R.V.B.); (A.S.G.)
| | | | - Glaucius Oliva
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (M.C.L.C.F.); (R.V.B.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Lin CK, Tseng CK, Wu YH, Lin CY, Huang CH, Wang WH, Liaw CC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Prostasin Impairs Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation to Suppress Dengue Virus Propagation. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1377-1388. [PMID: 30476206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV), a common and widely spread arbovirus, causes life-threatening diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. There is currently no effective therapeutic or preventive treatment for DENV infection. METHODS Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that prostasin expression was decreased upon DENV infection. Prostasin expression levels were confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with dengue fever and a DENV-infected mice model. Short hairpin RNA against EGFR and LY294002 were used to investigate the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Based on clinical studies, we first found relatively low expression of prostasin, a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protease, in blood samples from patients with dengue fever compared with healthy individuals and a high correlation of prostasin expression and DENV-2 RNA copy number. DENV infection significantly decreased prostasin RNA levels of in vivo and in vitro models. By contrast, exogenous expression of prostasin could protect ICR suckling mice from life-threatening DENV-2 infection. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of DENV propagation by prostasin was due to reducing expression of epithelial growth factor receptor, leading to suppression of the Akt/NF-κB-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that prostasin expression is a noteworthy clinical feature and a potential therapeutic target against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,PhD program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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5
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Chen WC, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Wang SN, Wang WH, Hsu SH, Wu YH, Hung LC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Lucidone suppresses dengue viral replication through the induction of heme oxygenase-1. Virulence 2018; 9:588-603. [PMID: 29338543 PMCID: PMC5955471 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1421893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes life-threatening diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent or vaccine against DENV infection; hence, there is an urgent need to discover anti-DENV agents. The potential therapeutic efficacy of lucidone was first evaluated in vivo using a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model by monitoring body weight, clinical score, survival rate, and viral titer. We found that lucidone effectively protected mice from DENV infection by sustaining survival rate and reducing viral titers in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Then, the anti-DENV activity of lucidone was confirmed by western blotting and quantitative-reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, with an EC50 value of 25 ± 3 μM. Lucidone significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production against DENV replication by inhibiting DENV NS2B/3 protease activity to induce the DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. The inhibitory effect of lucidone on DENV replication was attenuated by silencing of HO-1 gene expression or blocking HO-1 activity. In addition, lucidone-stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is involved in transactivation of HO-1 expression for its anti-DENV activity. Taken together, the mechanistic investigations revealed that lucidone exhibits significant anti-DENV activity in in vivo and in vitro by inducing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, leading to blockage of viral protease activity to induce the anti-viral interferon (IFN) response. These results suggest that lucidone is a promising candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- b Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,c Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- d Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shen-Nien Wang
- e Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery , Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Taiwan.,f Department of Surgery , Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- g Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- b Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,c Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chien Hung
- h Division of Infectious Diseases , Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,i School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- h Division of Infectious Diseases , Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,i School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,j Department of Biological Science and Technology , College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University , HsinChu , Taiwan.,k Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- a Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,l Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,m Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,n Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,o Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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6
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Antiviral Activity of Thiazolide Derivatives Against Dengue Virus in Huh-7 Cell Line. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.62467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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7
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Zhang QY, Li XD, Liu SQ, Deng CL, Zhang B, Ye HQ. Development of a stable Japanese encephalitis virus replicon cell line for antiviral screening. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3417-3423. [PMID: 28779235 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an important pathogen in Eastern and Southern Asia and the Pacific, has spread to Australia and other territories in recent years. Although the vaccine for JEV has been used in some countries, development of efficient antiviral drugs is still an urgent requirement. Replicon systems have been widely used in the research of viral replication and antiviral screening for West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and dengue virus (DENV). Here, a novel JEV replicon harboring the Rluc and Pac gene (JEV-Pac-Rluc-Rep) was constructed. Furthermore, we established a BHK-21 cell line harboring JEV-Pac-Rluc-Rep (BHK-21/PAC/Rluc cell line) through continuous puromycin selection. Characterization of cell line stability showed that the replicon RNA could persistently replicate in this cell line for at least up to 10 rounds of passage. Using a known flavivirus inhibitor, the JEV replicon cell line was validated for antiviral screening. The JEV replicon cell line will be a valuable tool for both compound screening and viral replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Yu JS, Wu YH, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Hsu YC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Schisandrin A inhibits dengue viral replication via upregulating antiviral interferon responses through STAT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45171. [PMID: 28338050 PMCID: PMC5364541 DOI: 10.1038/srep45171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infects 400 million people worldwide annually. Infection of more than one serotype of DENV highly corresponds to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, which are the leading causes of high mortality. Due to lack of effective vaccines and unavailable therapies against DENV, discovery of anti-DENV agents is urgently needed. We first characterize that Schisandrin A can inhibit the replication of four serotypes of DENV in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an effective half-maximal effective concentration 50% (EC50) value of 28.1 ± 0.42 μM against DENV serotype type 2 without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, schisandrin A can effectively protect mice from DENV infection by reducing disease symptoms and mortality of DENV-infected mice. We demonstrate that STAT1/2-mediated antiviral interferon responses contribute to the action of schisandrin A against DENV replication. Schisandrin A represents a potential antiviral agent to block DENV replication in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, stimulation of STAT1/2-mediated antiviral interferon responses is a promising strategy to develop antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Cyclooxygenase-2 facilitates dengue virus replication and serves as a potential target for developing antiviral agents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44701. [PMID: 28317866 PMCID: PMC5357798 DOI: 10.1038/srep44701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the important mediators of inflammation in response to viral infection, and it contributes to viral replication, for example, cytomegalovirus or hepatitis C virus replication. The role of COX-2 in dengue virus (DENV) replication remains unclear. In the present study, we observed an increased level of COX-2 in patients with dengue fever compared with healthy donors. Consistent with the clinical data, an elevated level of COX-2 expression was also observed in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Using cell-based experiments, we revealed that DENV-2 infection significantly induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. The exogenous expression of COX-2 or PGE2 treatment dose-dependently enhanced DENV-2 replication. In contrast, COX-2 gene silencing and catalytic inhibition sufficiently suppressed DENV-2 replication. In an ICR suckling mouse model, we identified that the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 protected mice from succumbing to life-threatening DENV-2 infection. By using COX-2 promoter-based analysis and specific inhibitors against signaling molecules, we identified that NF-κB and MAPK/JNK are critical factors for DENV-2-induced COX-2 expression and viral replication. Altogether, our results reveal that COX-2 is an important factor for DENV replication and can serve as a potential target for developing therapeutic agents against DENV infection.
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AR-12 suppresses dengue virus replication by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT and GRP78. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:158-168. [PMID: 28238876 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a public health issue of worldwide concern and is a serious health problem in Taiwan, yet there are no approved effective antiviral drugs to treat DENV. The replication of DENV requires both viral and cellular factors. Targeting host factors may provide a potential antiviral strategy. It has been known that up-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling and GRP78 by DENV infection supports its replication. AR-12, a celecoxib derivative with no inhibiting activity on cyclooxygenase, shows potent inhibitory activities on both PI3K/AKT signaling and GRP78 expression levels, and recently has been found to block the replication of several hemorrhagic fever viruses. However the efficacy of AR-12 in treating DENV infection is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence to show that AR-12 is able to suppress DENV replication before or after virus infection in cell culture and mice. The antiviral activities of AR-12 are positive against infection of the four different DENV serotypes. AR-12 significantly down-regulates the PI3K/AKT activity and GRP78 expression in DENV infected cells whereas AKT and GRP78 rescue are able to attenuate anti-DENV effect of AR-12. Using a DENV-infected suckling mice model, we further demonstrate that treatment of AR-12 before or after DENV infection reduces virus replication and mice mortality. In conclusion, we uncover the potential efficacy of AR-12 as a novel drug for treating dengue.
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11
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Yu JS, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Hsu YC, Wu YH, Hsieh CL, Lee JC. Celastrol inhibits dengue virus replication via up-regulating type I interferon and downstream interferon-stimulated responses. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:49-57. [PMID: 27847245 PMCID: PMC7113783 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance and aim of the study Tripterygium wilfordii (lei gong teng; Thunder of God Vine), a member of the Celastraceae family, is a medicinal plant used to treat a range of illnesses. Celastrol is a quinone methide triterpene and the most abundant bioactive constituent isolated from the root extracts of T. wilfordii. Previous studies have shown that celastrol exhibits antiviral activity against HIV and SARS-CoV. To date, no investigations of the anti-DENV activity of celastrol have been reported. This work aimed to investigate the anti-DENV effect and possible mechanism of celastrol in vitro and in vivo. Methods A four-serotype DENV infection system was performed to determine the anti-DENV effect of celastrol by detecting DENV RNA replication and protein synthesis. The precise anti-DENV replication mechanism of celastrol was clarified using specific RNA silencing and specific inhibitor. In addition, the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol was evaluated by monitoring survival rates and clinical scores in a DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mouse model. Results Celastrol inhibited DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 RNA replication with EC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.09, 0.12 ± 0.11, 0.16 ± 0.14, and 0.17 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. This antiviral effect of celastrol was associated with celastrol-induced interferon-α (IFN-α) expression and was attenuated by a specific inhibitor of the JAK–STAT signaling pathway downstream of IFN-α or specific shRNA. Furthermore, celastrol protected ICR suckling mice against life-threatening DENV infection. Conclusion Celastrol represents a potential anti-DENV agent that induces IFN-α expression and stimulates a downstream antiviral response, making the therapy a promising drug or dietary supplement for the treatment of DENV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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12
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Tseng CK, Lin CK, Wu YH, Chen YH, Chen WC, Young KC, Lee JC. Human heme oxygenase 1 is a potential host cell factor against dengue virus replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32176. [PMID: 27553177 PMCID: PMC4995454 DOI: 10.1038/srep32176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection and replication induces oxidative stress, which further contributes to the progression and pathogenesis of the DENV infection. Modulation of host antioxidant molecules may be a useful strategy for interfering with DENV replication. In this study, we showed that induction or exogenous overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an antioxidant enzyme, effectively inhibited DENV replication in DENV-infected Huh-7 cells. This antiviral effect of HO-1 was attenuated by its inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), suggesting that HO-1 was an important cellular factor against DENV replication. Biliverdin but not carbon monoxide and ferrous ions, which are products of the HO-1 on heme, mediated the HO-1-induced anti-DENV effect by non-competitively inhibiting DENV protease, with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 8.55 ± 0.38 μM. Moreover, HO-1 induction or its exogenous overexpression, rescued DENV-suppressed antiviral interferon response. Moreover, we showed that HO-1 induction by cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and andrographolide, a natural product, as evidenced by a significant delay in the onset of disease and mortality, and virus load in the infected mice’s brains. These findings clearly revealed that a drug or therapy that induced the HO-1 signal pathway was a promising strategy for treating DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan.,Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Boonyasuppayakorn S, Suroengrit A, Srivarangkul P, Yuttithamnon W, Pankaew S, Saelee T, Prompetchara E, Salakij S, Bhattarakosol P. Simplified dengue virus microwell plaque assay using an automated quantification program. J Virol Methods 2016; 237:25-31. [PMID: 27542530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The plaque assay is essential for virion quantitation but the classic protocol requires considerable efforts. A simplified dengue 96-well plaque assay with automated quantitation program is an alternative to access the level of infectious virus. Dengue plaque assay was simplified using LLC/MK2 cells and virus mixing simultaneously before semisolid addition. Results were obtained using a flatbed scanner and analysis by the self-written program optimized to manual reads. The newly developed microwell system was accurate to the standard assay because 19 independent titrations from all subtypes obtained from both systems differed less than a log10 p.f.u./ml with no significance (p>0.05) with good correlation (R2=0.9058). Coefficient of variations within and between assays, indicating assay reliability and repeatability, were 19.29%, and 12.50%, respectively. This method serves various experimental designs in drug discovery that requires viral titers assessment. Effective concentrations (EC90) results showed no significant difference between 24- and 96-well assays (p>0.05). Compound screening for potential antivirals and clinical isolate titrations were successfully arranged. The method contains distinguished features including protocol simplicity, less reagent consumption in microwell format, convenient and affordable data acquisition and analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Aphinya Suroengrit
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pimsiri Srivarangkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanchalerm Yuttithamnon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Pankaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakachai Prompetchara
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Salakij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Chiang PY, Wu HN. The role of surface basic amino acids of dengue virus NS3 helicase in viral RNA replication and enzyme activities. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2307-20. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Yin Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences; National Defense Medical Centre; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Huey-Nan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
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15
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Dengue Virus Reporter Replicon is a Valuable Tool for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Analysis of Virus Replication Mechanisms. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050122. [PMID: 27164125 PMCID: PMC4885077 DOI: 10.3390/v8050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. However, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets DENV infection. The replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. Since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicons, as well as reporter viruses, have been used in the study of various virological aspects of DENV and in the identification of DENV inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the DENV reporter replicon system and its applications in high-throughput screening (HTS) for identification of anti-DENV inhibitors. We also describe the use of this system in elucidation of the mechanisms of virus replication and viral dynamics in vivo and in vitro.
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16
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SUMO Modification Stabilizes Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 5 To Support Virus Replication. J Virol 2016; 90:4308-4319. [PMID: 26889037 PMCID: PMC4836324 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00223-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) participates in a reversible posttranslational modification process (SUMOylation) that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes and plays important roles for numerous viruses during infection. However, the roles of viral protein SUMOylation in dengue virus (DENV) infection have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that the SUMOylation pathway was involved in the DENV life cycle, since DENV replication was reduced by silencing the cellular gene Ubc9, which encodes the sole E2-conjugating enzyme required for SUMOylation. By in vivo and in vitro SUMOylation assays, the DENV NS5 protein was identified as an authentic SUMO-targeted protein. By expressing various NS5 mutants, we found that the SUMO acceptor sites are located in the N-terminal domain of NS5 and that a putative SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) of this domain is crucial for its SUMOylation. A DENV replicon harboring the SUMOylation-defective SIM mutant showed a severe defect in viral RNA replication, supporting the notion that NS5 SUMOylation is required for DENV replication. SUMOylation-defective mutants also failed to suppress the induction of STAT2-mediated host antiviral interferon signaling. Furthermore, the SUMOylation of NS5 significantly increased the stability of NS5 protein, which could account for most of the biological functions of SUMOylated NS5. Collectively, these findings suggest that the SUMOylation of DENV NS5 is one of the mechanisms regulating DENV replication. IMPORTANCE SUMOylation is a common posttranslational modification that regulates cellular protein functions but has not been reported in the proteins of dengue virus. Here, we found that the replicase of DENV, nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), can be SUMOylated. It is well known that providing RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and antagonizing host antiviral IFN signaling are a “double indemnity” of NS5 to support DENV replication. Without SUMOylation, NS5 fails to maintain its protein stability, which consequently disrupts its function in viral RNA replication and innate immunity antagonism. DENV threatens billions of people worldwide, but no licensed vaccine or specific therapeutics are currently available. Thus, our findings suggest that rather than specifically targeting NS5 enzyme activity, NS5 protein stability is a novel drug target on the growing list of anti-DENV strategies.
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17
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Live Cell Reporter Systems for Positive-Sense Single Strand RNA Viruses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1567-85. [PMID: 26728654 PMCID: PMC7091396 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based reporter systems have facilitated studies of viral replication and pathogenesis, virus detection, and drug susceptibility testing. There are three types of cell-based reporter systems that express certain reporter protein for positive-sense single strand RNA virus infections. The first type is classical reporter system, which relies on recombinant virus, reporter virus particle, or subgenomic replicon. During infection with the recombinant virus or reporter virus particle, the reporter protein is expressed and can be detected in real time in a dose-dependent manner. Using subgenomic replicon, which are genetically engineered viral RNA molecules that are capable of replication but incapable of producing virions, the translation and replication of the replicon could be tracked by the accumulation of reporter protein. The second type of reporter system involves genetically engineered cells bearing virus-specific protease cleavage sequences, which can sense the incoming viral protease. The third type is based on viral replicase, which can report the specific virus infection via detection of the incoming viral replicase. This review specifically focuses on the major technical breakthroughs in the design of cell-based reporter systems and the application of these systems to the further understanding and control of viruses over the past few decades.
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18
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Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Gläsker S, Bespalov M, Hanski L, Wennerberg K, Kümmerer BM, Ahola T. Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 126:117-24. [PMID: 26752081 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic arbovirus of the Alphavirus genus, which has infected millions of people after its re-emergence in the last decade. In this study, a BHK cell line containing a stable CHIKV replicon with a luciferase reporter was used in a high-throughput platform to screen approximately 3000 compounds. Following initial validation, 25 compounds were chosen as primary hits for secondary validation with wild type and reporter CHIKV infection, which identified three promising compounds. Abamectin (EC50 = 1.5 μM) and ivermectin (EC50 = 0.6 μM) are fermentation products generated by a soil dwelling actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, whereas berberine (EC50 = 1.8 μM) is a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid. They inhibited CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner and had broad antiviral activity against other alphaviruses--Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. Abamectin and ivermectin were also active against yellow fever virus, a flavivirus. These compounds caused reduced synthesis of CHIKV genomic and antigenomic viral RNA as well as downregulation of viral protein expression. Time of addition experiments also suggested that they act on the replication phase of the viral infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kaukinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabine Gläsker
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maxim Bespalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Fang CY, Chen SJ, Wu HN, Ping YH, Lin CY, Shiuan D, Chen CL, Lee YR, Huang KJ. Honokiol, a Lignan Biphenol Derived from the Magnolia Tree, Inhibits Dengue Virus Type 2 Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:4894-910. [PMID: 26378567 PMCID: PMC4584296 DOI: 10.3390/v7092852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most widespread arbovirus infection and poses a serious health and economic issue in tropical and subtropical countries. Currently no licensed vaccine or compounds can be used to prevent or manage the severity of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Honokiol, a lignan biphenol derived from the Magnolia tree, is commonly used in Eastern medicine. Here we report that honokiol has profound antiviral activity against serotype 2 DENV (DENV-2). In addition to inhibiting the intracellular DENV-2 replicon, honokiol was shown to suppress the replication of DENV-2 in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells. At the maximum non-toxic dose of honokiol treatment, the production of infectious DENV particles was reduced >90% in BHK and Huh7 cells. The underlying mechanisms revealed that the expression of DENV-2 nonstructural protein NS1/NS3 and its replicating intermediate, double-strand RNA, was dramatically reduced by honokiol treatment. Honokiol has no effect on the expression of DENV putative receptors, but may interfere with the endocytosis of DENV-2 by abrogating the co-localization of DENV envelope glycoprotein and the early endosomes. These results indicate that honokiol inhibits the replication, viral gene expression, and endocytotic process of DENV-2, making it a promising agent for chemotherapy of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yeu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974,Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Nan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University,Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974,Taiwan.
| | - David Shiuan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974,Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University,Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan.
| | - Kao-Jean Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974,Taiwan.
- Institute of Biologics, Development Center for Biotechnology, New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan.
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Mutation of Putative N-Glycosylation Sites on Dengue Virus NS4B Decreases RNA Replication. J Virol 2015; 89:6746-60. [PMID: 25878113 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00423-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-associated protein, and mutagenesis studies have revealed its significance in viral genome replication. In this work, we demonstrated that NS4B is an N-glycosylated protein in virus-infected cells as well as in recombinant protein expression. NS4B is N glycosylated at residues 58 and 62 and exists in two forms, glycosylated and unglycosylated. We manipulated full-length infectious RNA clones and subgenomic replicons to generate N58Q, N62Q, and N58QN62Q mutants. Each of the single mutants had distinct effects, but the N58QN62Q mutation resulted in dramatic reduction of viral production efficiency without affecting secretion or infectivity of the virion in mammalian and mosquito C6/36 hosts. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), subgenomic replicon, and trans-complementation assays indicated that the N58QN62Q mutation affected RNA replication possibly by the loss of glycans. In addition, four intragenic mutations (S59Y, S59F, T66A, and A137T) were obtained from mammalian and/or mosquito C6/36 cell culture systems. All of these second-site mutations compensated for the replication defect of the N58QN62Q mutant without creating novel glycosylation sites. In vivo protein stability analyses revealed that the N58QN62Q mutation alone or plus a compensatory mutation did not affect the stability of NS4B. Overall, our findings indicated that mutation of putative N-glycosylation sites affected the biological function of NS4B in the viral replication complex. IMPORTANCE This is the first report to identify and reveal the biological significance of dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) posttranslation N-glycosylation to the virus life cycle. The study demonstrated that NS4B is N glycosylated in virus-infected cells and in recombinant protein expression. NS4B is modified by glycans at Asn-58 and Asn-62. Functional characterization implied that DENV NS4B utilizes the glycosylation machinery in both mammalian and mosquito hosts. Four intragenic mutations were found to compensate for replication and subsequent viral production deficiencies without creating novel N-glycosylation sites or modulating the stabilities of the protein, suggesting that glycans may be involved in maintaining the NS4B protein conformation. NS4B glycans may be necessary elements of the viral life cycle, but compensatory mutations can circumvent their requirement. This novel finding may have broader implications in flaviviral biology as the most likely glycan at Asn-62 of NS4B is conserved in DENV serotypes and in some related flaviviruses.
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Characterization of the activity of 2'-C-methylcytidine against dengue virus replication. Antiviral Res 2015; 116:1-9. [PMID: 25614455 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a severe mosquito-borne viral pathogen. Neither vaccines nor antiviral therapy is currently available to treat DENV infection. Nucleoside inhibitors targeting viral polymerase have proved promising for the development of drugs against viruses. In this study, we report a nucleoside analog, 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), which exerts potent anti-DENV activity in DENV subgenomic RNA replicon and infectious systems, with an IC50 value of 11.2±0.3μM. This study utilized both cell-based and cell-free reporter assay systems to reveal the specific anti-DENV RNA polymerase activity of 2CMC. In addition, both xenograft bioluminescence-based DENV replicon and DENV-infected Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) suckling mice models evaluated the anti-DENV replication activity of 2CMC in vivo. Collectively, these findings provide a promising compound for the development of direct-acting antivirals against DENV infection.
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Cheng S, Zhao M, Sun Z, Yuan W, Zhang S, Xiang Z, Cai Y, Dong J, Huang K, Yan P. Diterpenes from a Chinese collection of the brown alga Dictyota plectens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2367-74. [PMID: 25495797 DOI: 10.1021/np5002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven diterpenes of six chemical classes, including seven new diterpenes (1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 16, and 19), have been isolated from a collection of the brown alga Dictyota plectens from the South China Sea. The structures of the new diterpenes were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with reported data. In the in vitro assays, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 22 showed inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication with IC50 values of 16.1-30.5 μM, compounds 5, 13, 24, and 26 exhibited anti-H5N1 activity with inhibition rates of 50%-62% at 30.0 μM, and 12 and 24 also showed potent inhibition against LPS-induced NO production with inhibition rates of 90% and 86%, respectively, at 10.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimiao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tu SF, Liu RH, Cheng YB, Hsu YM, Du YC, El-Shazly M, Wu YC, Chang FR. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Clinacanthus nutans aerial parts. Molecules 2014; 19:20382-90. [PMID: 25490430 PMCID: PMC6271080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new sulfur-containing compounds, named clinamides A-C (1–3), and 2-cis-entadamide A (4), were isolated together with three known compounds from the bioactive ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Clinacanthus nutans. These secondary metabolites possess sulfur atoms and acrylamide functionalities. The structures of the isolated components were established by interpretation of their spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Rosa Huang Liu
- School of Nutrition, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Viswanathan U, Tomlinson SM, Fonner JM, Mock SA, Watowich SJ. Identification of a novel inhibitor of dengue virus protease through use of a virtual screening drug discovery Web portal. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2816-25. [PMID: 25263519 DOI: 10.1021/ci500531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the dengue virus (DENV) protease (NS2B-NS3pro) using a newly constructed Web-based portal (DrugDiscovery@TACC) for structure-based virtual screening. Our drug discovery portal, an extension of virtual screening studies performed using IBM's World Community Grid, facilitated access to supercomputer resources managed by the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and enabled druglike commercially available small-molecule libraries to be rapidly screened against several high-resolution DENV NS2B-NS3pro crystallographic structures. Detailed analysis of virtual screening docking scores and hydrogen-bonding interactions between each docked ligand and the NS2B-NS3pro Ser135 side chain were used to select molecules for experimental validation. Compounds were ordered from established chemical companies, and compounds with established aqueous solubility were tested for their ability to inhibit DENV NS2B-NS3pro cleavage of a model substrate in kinetic studies. As a proof-of-concept, we validated a small-molecule dihydronaphthalenone hit as a single-digit-micromolar mixed noncompetitive inhibitor of the DENV protease. Since the dihydronaphthalenone was predicted to interact with NS2B-NS3pro residues that are largely conserved between DENV and the related West Nile virus (WNV), we tested this inhibitor against WNV NS2B-NS3pro and observed a similar mixed noncompetitive inhibition mechanism. However, the inhibition constants were ∼10-fold larger against the WNV protease relative to the DENV protease. This novel validated lead had no chemical features or pharmacophores associated with adverse toxicity, carcinogenicity, or mutagenicity risks and thus is attractive for additional characterization and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Viswanathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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25
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Usme-Ciro JA, Lopera JA, Enjuanes L, Almazán F, Gallego-Gomez JC. Development of a novel DNA-launched dengue virus type 2 infectious clone assembled in a bacterial artificial chromosome. Virus Res 2013; 180:12-22. [PMID: 24342140 PMCID: PMC7114509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We cloned a DENV-2 infectious cDNA into a BAC under the control of the CMV promoter. We assessed the production of infectious particles. We rescued infectious viruses after serial passages in C6/36 cells. Parental and recombinant viruses were similar in plaque and syncytia phenotypes.
Major progress in Dengue virus (DENV) biology has resulted from the use of infectious clones obtained through reverse genetics. The construction of these clones is commonly based on high- or low-copy number plasmids, yeast artificial chromosomes, yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors, and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). Prokaryotic promoters have consistently been used for the transcription of these clones. The goal of this study was to develop a novel DENV infectious clone in a BAC under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter and to generate a virus with the fusion envelope-green fluorescent protein in an attempt to track virus infection. The transfection of Vero cells with a plasmid encoding the DENV infectious clone facilitated the recovery of infectious particles that increased in titer after serial passages in C6/36 cells. The plaque size and syncytia phenotypes of the recombinant virus were similar to those of the parental virus. Despite the observation of autonomous replication and the detection of low levels of viral genome after two passages, the insertion of green fluorescent protein and Renilla luciferase reporter genes negatively impacted virus rescue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using a DENV infectious clone under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter to facilitate the recovery of recombinant viruses without the need for in vitro transcription. This novel molecular clone will be useful for establishing the molecular basis of replication, assembly, and pathogenesis, evaluating potential antiviral drugs, and the development of vaccine candidates for attenuated recombinant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Usme-Ciro
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Viral Vector Core & Gene Therapy, Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jaime A Lopera
- Viral Vector Core & Gene Therapy, Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Almazán
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gomez
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Viral Vector Core & Gene Therapy, Neuroscience Group, Facultad de Medicina, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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26
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A novel dengue virus inhibitor, BP13944, discovered by high-throughput screening with dengue virus replicon cells selects for resistance in the viral NS2B/NS3 protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:110-9. [PMID: 24145533 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01281-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes disease globally, resulting in an estimated 25 to 100 million new infections per year. No effective DENV vaccine is available, and the current treatment is only supportive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic agents to cure this epidemic disease. In the present study, we identified a potential small-molecule inhibitor, BP13944, via high-throughput screening (HTS) of 60,000 compounds using a stable cell line harboring an efficient luciferase replicon of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). BP13944 reduced the expression of the DENV replicon reporter in cells, showing a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.03 ± 0.09 μM. Without detectable cytotoxicity, the compound inhibited replication or viral RNA synthesis in all four serotypes of DENV but not in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Sequencing analyses of several individual clones derived from BP13944-resistant RNAs purified from cells harboring the DENV-2 replicon revealed a consensus amino acid substitution (E66G) in the region of the NS3 protease domain. Introduction of E66G into the DENV replicon, an infectious DENV cDNA clone, and recombinant NS2B/NS3 protease constructs conferred 15.2-, 17.2-, and 3.1-fold resistance to BP13944, respectively. Our results identify an effective small-molecule inhibitor, BP13944, which likely targets the DENV NS3 protease. BP13944 could be considered part of a more effective treatment regime for inhibiting DENV in the future.
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Yang CC, Tsai MH, Hu HS, Pu SY, Wu RH, Wu SH, Lin HM, Song JS, Chao YS, Yueh A. Characterization of an efficient dengue virus replicon for development of assays of discovery of small molecules against dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:228-41. [PMID: 23499649 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a public health threat to approximately 40% of the global population. At present, neither licensed vaccines nor effective therapies exist, and the mechanism of viral RNA replication is not well understood. Here, we report the development of efficient Renilla luciferase reporter-based DENV replicons that contain the full-length capsid sequence for transient and stable DENV RNA replication. A comparison of the transient and stable expression of this RNA-launched replicon to replicons containing various deletions revealed dengue replicon containing entire mature capsid RNA element has higher replicon activity. An efficient DNA-launched DENV replicon, pCMV-DV2Rep, containing a full-length capsid sequence, was created and successfully applied to evaluate the potency of known DENV inhibitors. Stable cell lines harboring the DENV replicon were easily established by transfecting pCMV-DV2Rep into BHK21 cells. Steady and high replicon reporter signals were observed in the stable DENV replicon cells, even after 30 passages. The stable DENV replicon cells were successfully used to determine the potency of known DENV inhibitors. A high-throughput screening assay based on stable DENV replicon cells was evaluated and shown to have an excellent Z' factor of 0.74. Altogether, the development of our efficient DENV replicon system will facilitate the study of virus replication and the discovery of antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
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