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Sui P, Sun Y, Shi Y, Ran W, Shi N, Sun D, Zheng J, Zhao J. Establishment and evaluation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR for quantitative and differential detection of wild-type canine distemper virus from vaccine strains. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19344. [PMID: 37662817 PMCID: PMC10469063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to establish a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method to differentially detect canine distemper virus (CDV) wild-type and vaccine strains. To this end, a pair of CDV universal primers and two specific minor groove binder (MGB) probes, harboring a T/C substitution in the hemagglutinin (H) gene, were designed. Using a recombinant plasmid expressing the H gene of the CDV wild-type or vaccine strain as standards, a sensitive and specific multiplex real-time RT-PCR was established for quantitative and differential detection of CDV wild-type and vaccine strains. The limit of detection for this multiplex assay was 22.5 copies/μL and 2.98 copies/μL of viral RNA for wild-type and vaccine strains, respectively. Importantly, the wild-type and vaccine MGB probes specifically hybridized different genotypes of wild-type CDV circulating in China as well as globally administered vaccine viruses, respectively, with no cross-reactivity observed with non-CDV viruses. Moreover, this method was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of CDV RNA in tissue samples of experimentally infected breeding foxes, raccoon dogs, and minks. Additionally, the multiplex real-time RT-PCR was able to detect the viral RNA in the whole blood samples as early as 3 days post-infection, 3 to 4 days prior to the onset of clinical signs in these CDV infection animals. Hence, the established multiplex real-time RT-PCR method is useful for differentiating wild-type CDV and vaccine strains in China, and for conducting canine distemper early diagnosis as well as dynamic mechanism of CDV replication studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yiyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Shandong Yantai Animal Disease Control Center, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Ran
- Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Guiyang 551400, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
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Wang W, Bi Z, Liu Y, Xia X, Qian J, Tan Y, Zhao J, Song S. The H protein of attenuated canine distemper virus is degraded via endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1214318. [PMID: 37483299 PMCID: PMC10359071 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1214318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is considered a highly contagious and acutely febrile disease in various animals around the world. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) is an important biological effect induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) for the degradation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER of cells. CDV H glycoprotein is translocated into the ER for post-translational modifications. The effects of CDV H and ER on each other are unclear. In this study, we found that CDV H protein induced ERS through the PERK-mediated signaling pathway. The inhibition of ERS by 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) increased the H protein amounts of an attenuated CDV, which was reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced ERS. Further, the H protein levels were increased when ERAD was inhibited by using Eeyarestatin I or interfering E3 ligase Hrd1 in ERAD, suggesting that the attenuated CDV H protein is degraded via ERAD. ERAD involved ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation (UPD) and/or autophagic-lysosome degradation (ALD). The attenuated CDV H protein was ubiquitinated and significantly increased after treatment with UPD inhibitor MG132 but not ALD inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), suggesting that ERAD degrading the attenuated CDV H protein selectively depends on UPD. Moreover, the inhibition of the degradation of CDV H protein with 4-PBA or MG132 treatment increased viral replication, whereas treatment with DTT promoting degradation of H protein was found to reduce viral replication. These findings suggest that the degradation of CDV H protein via ERAD negatively affects viral replication and provide a new idea for developing CDV prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwei Bi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingxia Xia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeping Tan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Menezes KMF, Dábilla N, Souza M, Damasceno AD, Torres BBJ. Identification of a new polymorphism on the wild-type canine distemper virus genome: could this contribute to vaccine failures? Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:665-678. [PMID: 37140816 PMCID: PMC10235312 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for a multisystem infectious disease with high prevalence in dogs and wild carnivores and has vaccination as the main control measure. However, recent studies show an increase in cases including vaccinated dogs in different parts of the world. There are several reasons for vaccine failures, including differences between vaccine strains and wild-type strains. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of CDV strains from samples of naturally infected, vaccinated, and symptomatic dogs in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil was performed with partial sequencing of the hemagglutinin (H) gene of CDV. Different sites of amino acid substitutions were found, and one strain had the Y549H mutation, typically present in samples from wild animals. Substitutions in epitopes (residues 367, 376, 379, 381, 386, and 388) that may interfere with the vaccine's ability to provide adequate protection against infection for CDV were observed. The identified strains were grouped in the South America 1/Europe lineage, with a significant difference from other lineages and vaccine strains. Twelve subgenotypes were characterized, considering a nucleotide identity of at least 98% among the strains. These findings highlight the relevance of canine distemper infection and support the need better monitoring of the circulating strains that contribute to elucidate if there is a need for vaccine update.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Menira Souza
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Adilson Donizeti Damasceno
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Campus II CEP 74690900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruno Benetti Junta Torres
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Campus II CEP 74690900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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4
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Bi Z, Wang W, Xia X. Structure and function of a novel lineage-specific neutralizing epitope on H protein of canine distemper virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1088243. [PMID: 36713169 PMCID: PMC9875009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1088243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects many sensitive species worldwide and its host range is expanding. The hemagglutinin (H) protein, the major neutralizing target, binds to cellular receptors and subsequently triggers fusion for initial viral infection. So it's necessary to clarify the precise neutralizing epitopes of H protein and extend the knowledge of mechanisms of virus neutralization. In this study, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D12 against CDV H protein, which had different reactivity with different CDV strains, was generated and characterized. A series of truncated H proteins were screened to define the minimal linear epitope 238DIEREFD244 recognized by 2D12. Further investigation revealed that the epitope was highly conserved in America-1 vaccine lineage of CDV strains, but different substitutions in the epitope appeared in CDV strains of the other lineages and two substitutions (D238Y and R241G) caused the change of antigenicity. Thus, the epitope represents a novel lineage-specific neutralizing target on H protein of CDV for differentiation of America-1 vaccine lineage and the other lineages of CDV strains. The epitope was identified to localize at the surface of H protein in two different positions in a three-dimensional (3D) structure, but not at the position of the receptor-binding site (RBS), so the mAb 2D12 that recognized the epitope did not inhibit binding of H protein to the receptor. But mAb 2D12 interfered with the H-F interaction for inhibiting membrane fusion, suggesting that the mAb plays key roles for formation of H-F protein oligomeric structure. Our data will contribute to the understanding of the structure, function, and antigenicity of CDV H protein and mechanisms of virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Bi
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhenwei Bi,
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxia Xia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Truong QL, Duc HM, Anh TN, Thi YN, Van TN, Thi PH, Thu HNT, Thi LN. Isolation and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in domestic dogs from central and northern provinces in Vietnam. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:105-114. [PMID: 36347064 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores. Sequence analysis of CDV strains has been classified into several geographically-related lineages, and the evolution and emergence of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the complete H gene sequences of 15 CDV strains isolated on Vero DST cell culture from clinical samples of vaccinated domestic dogs in Vietnam were investigated. Fifteen CDV isolates belonging to Asia-1 CDV variants were predominant antigenic type circulated in Central and Northern Vietnam with notable differences regarding the region and some genetic variation, and the most closely related Asia-1 variants lineage reported in Vietnam, China, Taiwan, and Japan. All identified CDV isolates clustered into 2 novel clades Asia-1-C1 and Asia-1-C2. The major amino acid mutation variants of Vietnamese Asia-1 CDV strains were found at sites 51, 157, 159, 160, 171, 178, 186, 235, 245, 277, 288, 313, 324, 330, 337, 345, 358, 359, 365, 383, 446, 475, 517, 530, 584, 598 which include N-glycosylation sites and neutralizing epitope regions in H gene. The results of the virus neutralization titer (VNT) assay showed that the dogs vaccinated with commercial vaccines had significantly low VNT (4.89 and 12.8) against field CDV isolate strains (VNUA NA04, HN18, and NB05) isolated in northern and central Vietnam, respectively. These data may suggest the need for further research in CDV monitoring and development of preventative measures against CDV in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Lam Truong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam..
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tuan Nguyen Anh
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Nguyen Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Nguyen Van
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Hoang Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Nguyen Thi Thu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Nguyen Thi
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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6
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Silva MDLE, Silva GEB, Borin-Crivellenti S, Alvarenga AWO, Aldrovani M, Braz LADN, Aoki C, Santana AE, Pennacchi CS, Crivellenti LZ. Renal Abnormalities Caused by Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Terminal Patients. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:822525. [PMID: 35350433 PMCID: PMC8957885 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.822525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with terminal distemper through light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Thirteen animals with a molecular diagnosis of distemper and neurological signs were selected. As a control group, 10 clinically healthy animals with no manifestations or signs of disease and with negative tests for Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., and Babesia sp. were included in this study. Renal tissue was evaluated by light microscopy, topochemistry for DNA/chromatin, and video image analysis to detect the nuclear phenotypes of the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that dogs with distemper exhibited anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and proteinuria. Creatinine in the distemper group was lower compared to the control group (p = 0.0026), but there was no significant difference in relation to urea (p = 0.9876). Although this alteration may be due to the smaller muscle mass observed in animals with distemper, it probably is not of clinical importance. Glomerular and tubular lesions were confirmed by light microscopy in 84.6% of these animals. Additional findings in the animals with distemper included deposition of different classes of immunoglobulins, particularly IgM in 92.3% of the cases, fibrinogen deposition in 69.2% of the cases as assessed by immunofluorescence, alterations in the nuclear phenotypes of the RTEC characterized by condensation of chromatin, loss of DNA and reduction in the nuclear shape, and the presence of subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits. These findings confirm the existence of renal alterations related to terminal distemper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra de Lima e Silva
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Universidade de Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Borin-Crivellenti
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV), College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Universidade de Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ayane do Nascimento Braz
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aoki
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Aureo Evangelista Santana
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Caio Santos Pennacchi
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV), College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Caio Santos Pennacchi
| | - Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV), College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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First complete genome sequence of Asia-4 lineage of canine distemper virus in China. Virus Genes 2022; 58:59-69. [PMID: 35075547 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a novel Asia-4 lineage of canine distemper virus (CDV) in China based on the H gene. In the present study, a Chinese CDV NJ(11)2 strain of the Asia-4 lineage from Nanjing, China was isolated and its whole genome sequence was obtained. The CDV NJ(11)2 strain clustered with the Thai strains of the Asia-4 lineage in the phylogenetic tree of the complete genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on six individual genes also revealed that the CDV NJ(11)2 strain belonged to Asia-4 lineage. According to the individual N and H genes, two Chinese strains XJ4 from Xinjiang and C11 from Chengdu were clustered with the Asia-4 lineage. These results suggested that the Asia-4 lineage of CDV appeared in the three regions of China. Interestingly, Chinese BJ16B35 strain was identified as a novel putative recombinant virus from a major parent virus of the Asia-1 lineage and a minor parent virus of the America-1 lineage. The first genome sequence of Chinese Asia-4 lineage of CDV contributes to the knowledge of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of CDV infection.
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Liu G, Jiang S, Li C. A multiplex nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting three canine epidemic viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114290. [PMID: 34543695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and accurate diagnosis of mixed viral infections is important for providing timely therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for the simultaneous detection of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCV) in mixed infections by combining the high specificity of a dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) primer system with the high sensitivity of a nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nanoPCR) assay. Under the optimised assay conditions, the multiplex DPO-nanoPCR assay developed using DPO primers was 100-fold more sensitive than the multiplex PCR assay using conventional primers. The detection limits of the multiplex DPO-nanoPCR assay for the recombinant plasmids containing the cloned CDV, CPV and CCV target sequences were 5.4 × 102, 6.5 × 102 and 1.6 × 102 copies in a 25 μL assay, respectively. No cross-reaction with other canine viruses was observed. This is the first reported use of a multiplex nanoPCR assay with the DPO primer system for the simultaneous detection of CDV, CPV and CCV in mixed infections. The high sensitivity and specificity of the assay indicated its potential for use in clinical diagnosis and field surveillance of animal epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Innovation Team of Small Animal Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Li Y, Yi L, Cheng S, Wang Y, Wang J, Sun J, Zhang Q, Xu X. Inhibition of canine distemper virus replication by blocking pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis with A77 1726, the active metabolite of the anti-inflammatory drug leflunomide. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33416466 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the aetiological agent that causes canine distemper (CD). Currently, no antiviral drugs have been approved for CD treatment. A77 1726 is the active metabolite of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drug leflunomide. It inhibits the activity of Janus kinases (JAKs) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DHase), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. A77 1726 also inhibits the activity of p70 S6 kinase (S6K1), a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates and activates carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), a second rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Our present study focuses on the ability of A77 1726 to inhibit CDV replication and its underlying mechanisms. Here we report that A77 1726 decreased the levels of the N and M proteins of CDV and lowered the virus titres in the conditioned media of CDV-infected Vero cells. CDV replication was not inhibited by Ruxolitinib (Rux), a JAK-specific inhibitor, but by brequinar sodium (BQR), a DHO-DHase-specific inhibitor, and PF-4708671, an S6K1-specific inhibitor. Addition of exogenous uridine, which restores intracellular pyrimidine nucleotide levels, blocked the antiviral activity of A77 1726, BQR and PF-4708671. A77 1726 and PF-4708671 inhibited the activity of S6K1 in CDV-infected Vero cells, as evidenced by the decreased levels of CAD and S6 phosphorylation. S6K1 knockdown suppressed CDV replication and enhanced the antiviral activity of A77 1726. These observations collectively suggest that the antiviral activity of A77 1726 against CDV is mediated by targeting pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis via inhibiting DHO-DHase activity and S6K1-mediated CAD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Sipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yongshan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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10
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Genetic Adaptations, Biases, and Evolutionary Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Asia-4 Lineage in a Fatal Outbreak of Wild-Caught Civets in Thailand. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040361. [PMID: 32224857 PMCID: PMC7232145 DOI: 10.3390/v12040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine morbillivirus (CDV) is a serious pathogen that can cause fatal systemic disease in a wide range of domestic and wildlife carnivores. Outbreaks of CDV in wildlife species lead to questions regarding the dispersal of the CDV origin. In the present study, we identified a fatal CDV outbreak in caged wild-caught civets in Thailand. Full-length genetic analysis revealed that CDV from the Asia-4 lineage served as the likely causative agent, which was supported by the viral localization in tissues. Evolutionary analysis based on the CDV hemagglutinin (H) gene revealed that the present civet CDV has co-evolved with CDV strains in dogs in Thailand since about 2014. The codon usage pattern of the CDV H gene revealed that the CDV genome has a selective bias of an A/U-ended codon preference. Furthermore, the codon usage pattern of the CDV Asia-4 strain from potential hosts revealed that the usage pattern was related more to the codon usage of civets than of dogs. This finding may indicate the possibility that the discovered CDV had initially adapted its virulence to infect civets. Therefore, the CDV Asia-4 strain might pose a potential risk to civets. Further epidemiological, evolutionary, and codon usage pattern analyses of other CDV-susceptible hosts are required.
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Shi P, Cao Z, Cheng Y, Cheng S, Yi L. Identification of Linear B-Cell Epitopes on Hemagglutinin Protein of Canine Distemper Virus Using Two Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:47. [PMID: 32185182 PMCID: PMC7058631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, which causes a threat to the domestic dog and fur-animal industry. Hemagglutinin protein is a major membrane protein of the vital molecular factor in CDV tropism, also known to induce hosts to produce neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we prepared two monoclonal antibodies, 1A5 and 2B8, against the H protein of the CDV-PS strain. A series of partially overlapping synthetic peptides covering the hemagglutinin protein (amino acids 50–204) were screened to define the linear epitope identified by 1A5 and 2B8 mAbs. 120QKTNFFNPNREFDFR134 (F8) and 178ARGDIFPPY186 (F14-1) are minimal linear epitopes recognized by 1A5 and 2B8 mAbs, respectively. Further investigations revealed that F8 is conserved in different CDV strains; however, F14-1 contains mutant residues 178, 179, and 180. The epitopes F8 and F14-1 localized at the surface of hemagglutinin protein in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. CDV-infected dog serum can also recognize the identified B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Badii A, Cyrine M, Amjed Ben H, Ahmad M, Ferid Z, Lotfi G. Sexual addiction, self-esteem and personality dimensions. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020; 4:006-012. [DOI: 10.29328/journal.jatr.1001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Jiang Y, Jia S, Zheng D, Li F, Wang S, Wang L, Qiao X, Cui W, Tang L, Xu Y, Xia X, Li Y. Protective Immunity against Canine Distemper Virus in Dogs Induced by Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Probiotic Expressing the Viral H Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040213. [PMID: 31835572 PMCID: PMC6963260 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) elicits a severe contagious disease in a broad range of hosts. CDV mortality rates are 50% in domestic dogs and 100% in ferrets. Its primary infection sites are respiratory and intestinal mucosa. This study aimed to develop an effective mucosal CDV vaccine using a non-antibiotic marked probiotic pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 strain expressing the CDV H protein. Its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice was evaluated using intranasal and oral vaccinations, whereas in dogs the intranasal route was used for vaccination. Our results indicate that this probiotic vaccine can stimulate a high level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)-based mucosal and IgG-based humoral immune responses in mice. SIgA levels in the nasal lavage and lungs were significantly higher in intranasally vaccinated mice than those in orally vaccinated mice. Both antigen-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies were effectively elicited in dogs through the intranasal route and demonstrated superior immunogenicity. The immune protection efficacy of the probiotic vaccine was evaluated by challenging the immunized dogs with virulent CDV 42 days after primary immunization. Dogs of the pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 group were completely protected against CDV. The proposed probiotic vaccine could be promising for protection against CDV infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dianzhong Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Fengsai Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Shengwen Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-5519-0363 (Y.L.)
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (L.W.); (X.Q.); (W.C.); (L.T.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-5519-0363 (Y.L.)
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Piewbang C, Radtanakatikanon A, Puenpa J, Poovorawan Y, Techangamsuwan S. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of a new Asia-4 lineage and naturally recombinant canine distemper virus strains from Thailand. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3198. [PMID: 30824716 PMCID: PMC6397162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores, can be classified into several geographically-related lineages. It is unclear how genetic recombination contributed to the evolution and emergence of the novel CDV strains and the evolutions of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the complete genome sequences of eight CDV viruses, isolated from domestic dogs in Thailand, were investigated. Interestingly, most of the identified CDV strains (CDV1-3, -5, -8 TH/2014) clustered as a novel Asia-4 lineage, while the CDV4, -6, -7 TH/2014 belonged to the Asia-1 lineage. Recombination analysis revealed that the CDV4 TH/2014 is a putative recombinant virus from the Asia-1 and America-2 parent viruses. In contrast, no recombination events were detected in the Asia-4 lineage, indicating that it is a distinctive lineage. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the CDV Asia-4 lineage had emerged since 1924 and shared common ancestor with the America-2 lineage. Pressure analysis revealed that CDV nucleotides were under negative selection pressure for its rapid adaptation. These findings demonstrate the evolution of CDV Asia-4 lineage and identified the Asia-1 recombination event. The information regarding genetic diversity of CDVs is essential for further CDV’s research and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Araya Radtanakatikanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Li C, Guo D, Wu R, Kong F, Zhai J, Yuan D, Sun D. Molecular surveillance of canine distemper virus in diarrhoetic puppies in northeast China from May 2014 to April 2015. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1029-1033. [PMID: 29695673 PMCID: PMC6021885 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To trace the prevalence of canine distemper virus (CDV) in diarrhoetic dogs, a total of
201 stool samples were collected in the Heilongjiang province of northeastern China from
May 2014 to April 2015. The 201 fecal samples were subjected to the detection of CDV by
using RT-PCR targeting the partial N gene, phylogenetic analysis based on
the complete H gene, and co-infection analysis. Results indicated that
24.88% (50/201) of the samples were positive for CDV. The fifty CDV samples exhibited an
overall co-infection rate of 94% (47/50) with four enteric viruses (82%, 41/50) and five
bacteria (72%, 36/50). The positivity rate of CDV exhibited differences among regions,
seasons, ages and immunization status. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete
H genes (n=6) revealed that the CDV strains identified in our study
belonged to the Asia-1 group, and showed genetic diversities. These data provide evidence
that there are a number of genetically diverse CDV Asia-1 strains circulating in
diarrhoetic dogs in northeastern China; the CDV-affected animals exhibit the high
co-infection with other enteric viruses and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
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Development of CDV-specific monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of variable epitopes of nucleocapsid protein. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:84-91. [PMID: 29102126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The highly contagious canine distemper viruses (CDVs) are still a major threat to a wide range of natural susceptible hosts. The nucleocapsid (N) protein plays various roles in the virus-induced immune response. But precise mapping of epitopes and antigenic variations in N protein of CDV are still scant. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated as F8N and G3N, against the N protein of CDV were generated and characterized. The epitopes recognized by the two MAbs were mapped by truncated N protein fragments expressed in E.coli based on western blotting. The 470ESRYDTQ476 and 385GITKEEAQL393 were identified as the minimal linear epitopes recognized by F8N and G3N, respectively. The amino acid residues of the epitope (385-393aa) were highly conserved in a variety of CDV strains from the databases as well as five CDV strains in this study, indicating that MAb G3N can detect various CDV strains. However, MAb F8N was found not to react with an older CDV 851 strain of the five CDV strains due to both of two amino substitution (S471P and Y473H) in the epitope, whereas either single mutant S471P or Y473H did not eliminate the binding of F8N. Further, the variable epitopes existed in the N protein of six CDV strains resembling CDV3 in phylogenic tree by alignment with sequences from the databases. This is the first record of a precise epitope affecting antigenity of N protein of CDV. These results may facilitate future investigations into the function of NP of CDV and diagnostic methods for CDV infection.
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Pan Z, Liu J, Ma J, Jin Q, Yao H, Osterrieder N. The recombinant EHV-1 vector producing CDV hemagglutinin as potential vaccine against canine distemper. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:388-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in South America clade 1 reveals unique molecular signatures of the local epidemic. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:135-141. [PMID: 27060756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen for domestic dogs and several wild carnivore species. In Brazil, natural infection of CDV in dogs is very high due to the large non-vaccinated dog population, a scenario that calls for new studies on the molecular epidemiology. This study investigates the phylodynamics and amino-acid signatures of CDV epidemic in South America by analyzing a large dataset compiled from publicly available sequences and also by collecting new samples from Brazil. A population of 175 dogs with canine distemper (CD) signs was sampled, from which 89 were positive for CDV, generating 42 new CDV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the new and publicly available sequences revealed that Brazilian sequences mainly clustered in South America 1 (SA1) clade, which has its origin estimated to the late 1980's. The reconstruction of the demographic history in SA1 clade showed an epidemic expanding until the recent years, doubling in size every nine years. SA1 clade epidemic distinguished from the world CDV epidemic by the emergence of the R580Q strain, a very rare and potentially detrimental substitution in the viral genome. The R580Q substitution was estimated to have happened in one single evolutionary step in the epidemic history in SA1 clade, emerging shortly after introduction to the continent. Moreover, a high prevalence (11.9%) of the Y549H mutation was observed among the domestic dogs sampled here. This finding was associated (p<0.05) with outcome-death and higher frequency in mixed-breed dogs, the later being an indicator of a continuous exchange of CDV strains circulating among wild carnivores and domestic dogs. The results reported here highlight the diversity of the worldwide CDV epidemic and reveal local features that can be valuable for combating the disease.
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Ke GM, Ho CH, Chiang MJ, Sanno-Duanda B, Chung CS, Lin MY, Shi YY, Yang MH, Tyan YC, Liao PC, Chu PY. Phylodynamic analysis of the canine distemper virus hemagglutinin gene. BMC Vet Res 2015. [PMID: 26205391 PMCID: PMC4513961 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper (CD) is one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases in dogs. Despite the widespread use of vaccines, the prevalence of the CD virus (CDV) has increased at an alarming rate in recent years. In this phylodynamic study, we investigated the spatiotemporal modes of dispersal, viral demographic trends, and effectiveness of vaccines for CDV. A total of 188 full-length CDV hemagglutinin (H) gene sequences dataset were subjected to recombination analysis, including seven from modified live vaccine (MLV) strains and 12 from Taiwan specimens. After excluding the MLV strains and potential recombinant strains, alignments of 176 of 188 previous CDV strains were further used to analyze phylodynamic characteristics, and evidence of selection, and co-evolution. Results The CDV genotype consisted of MLV-associated genotypes such as America-1 and Rockborn-like strains, which were characterized by long terminal branches and no distinct geographical patterns among lineages. In contrast, wild-type isolates clustered into lineages with a spatiotemporal structure and short terminal branches. Co-circulation and extensive diversification were simultaneously observed. The sequence variation signature was shaped by both geographic diversity and host tropism. Codon 506 was identified as a multi-epistatic interacting in the H protein. Conclusions The topological signature revealed in this study suggests different epidemic scenarios. For example, a ladder-like backbone is a hallmark of directional selection, and cladogenesis at long terminal branches indicates the emergence of a surviving lineage. The stable effective viral population of CDV indicate the effectiveness of vaccines currently used to control the virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0491-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Ke
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Hsiang Ho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Jung Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Country Year Limited Company, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Bintou Sanno-Duanda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of laboratory medicine, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, Gambia.
| | - Cheng-Shu Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Maw-Yeong Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Ying Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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