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Khales P, Razizadeh MH, Ghorbani S, Moattari A, Sarvari J, Saadati H, Sayyahfar S, Salavatiha Z, Hasanabad MH, Poortahmasebi V, Tavakoli A. Human adenoviruses in children with gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:478. [PMID: 38724898 PMCID: PMC11084101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have always been suggested as one of the main causes of gastroenteritis in children. However, no comprehensive report on the global epidemiology of these viruses in pediatric gastroenteritis is available. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to obtain published papers from 2003 to 2023 in three main databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS The estimated global pooled prevalence of HAdV infection in children with gastroenteritis was 10% (95% CI: 9-11%), with a growing trend after 2010. The highest prevalence was observed in Africa (20%, 95% CI: 14-26%). The prevalence was higher in inpatients (11%; 95% CI: 8-13%) and patients aged 5 years old and younger (9%; 95% CI: 7-10%). However, no significant difference was observed between male and female patients (P = 0.63). The most prevalent species was found to be the species F (57%; 95% CI: 41-72%). The most common HAdVs observed in children with gastroenteritis were types 40/41, 38, and 2. Analysis of case-control studies showed an association between HAdV and gastroenteritis in children (OR: 2.28, 95% CI; 1.51-3.44). CONCLUSION This study provided valuable insights into the importance of HAdVs in children with gastroenteritis, especially in hospitalized and younger children. The results can be used in future preventive measurements and the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Montalvo-Otivo R, Vilcapoma P, Murillo A, Mathey C, Olivera A, Veliz G, Estrella D. Evaluation of chronic diarrhea in patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection through the FilmArray® gastrointestinal panel. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2024; 89:80-88. [PMID: 36890062 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment and diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in the immunocompromised patient depends on the ability to rapidly detect the etiologic agents. AIMS Our aim was to evaluate the results of the FilmArray® gastrointestinal panel in patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection that presented with chronic diarrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS Utilizing nonprobability consecutive convenience sampling, 24 patients were included that underwent molecular testing for the simultaneous detection of 22 pathogens. RESULTS In 24 HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea, enteropathogen bacteria were detected in 69% of the cases, parasites in 18%, and viruses in 13%. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli were the main bacteria identified, Giardia lamblia was found in 25%, and norovirus was the most frequent viral agent. The median number of infectious agents per patient was three (range of 0 to 7). The biologic agents not identified through the FilmArray® method were tuberculosis and fungi. CONCLUSIONS Several infectious agents were simultaneously detected through the FilmArray® gastrointestinal panel in patients with HIV infection and chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Vilcapoma
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | - A Murillo
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Peru
| | - C Mathey
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | - A Olivera
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Huancayo, Peru
| | - G Veliz
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Los Andes, Huancayo, Peru
| | - D Estrella
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Peru
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Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Jia R, Liu P, Su L, Cao L, Zhu X, Xu J. Diversity of classic and novel human astrovirus in outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265843. [PMID: 38029144 PMCID: PMC10679754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. This study was aimed at investigating the diversity and epidemiology of classic and novel HAstV in outpatient children aged 0-16 years old with AGE in Shanghai. Methods From May 2020 to December 2022, a total of 1,482 stool samples were collected from children diagnosed as AGE from the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. HAstV was identified using pan-astrovirus consensus primers by Reverse transcription PCR. Results During the study period, 3.3% (49/1,482) of specimens were identified as HAstV, with a detection rate of 2.5% (37/1,482) for classic HAstV and 0.8% (12/1,482) for novel HAstV. Among the 12 novel HAstV strains, 11 (91.7%) belonged to the HAstV-MLB and 1 (8.3%) was HAstV-VA. Genotyping revealed six circulating genotypes. Strain HAstV-1 was predominant in the study population with a detection rate of 1.8% (26/1,482) followed by HAstV-MLB1 (0.7%, 10/1,482) and HAstV-4 (0.6%, 9/1,482). Of note, all the HAstV-4 strains detected in this study were close to one astrovirus strain isolated from Bactrian camels with 99.0-100.0% amino acid sequences identity. In this study, HAstV was detected in all age groups with the highest detection rate of HAstV-positive specimens observed in children older than 73 months (5.7%, 12/209). Discussion This study provided useful information and contributed to the molecular epidemiology of both classic and novel HAstV, which were simultaneously characterized and reported for the first time in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunhua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Farahmand M, Khales P, Salavatiha Z, Sabaei M, Hamidzade M, Aminpanah D, Tavakoli A. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of human astrovirus in gastroenteritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106209. [PMID: 37385570 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans, which mainly infects young children and the elderly. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of HAstV amongst patients with gastroenteritis, and to shed light on the connection between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted to identify all potentially relevant studies recorded up to April 8th, 2022. For study weighting, the inverse variance method was employed and the random-effects model was applied to evaluate data. For case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to establish the relationship between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. RESULTS Among 302423 gastroenteritis patients from 69 different countries, the overall pooled prevalence of HAstV infection was 3.48% (95% CI: 3.11%-3.89%). Case-control approach was used in 39 investigations, and the overall prevalence of HAstV infection among the 11342 healthy controls was 2.01% (95% CI: 1.40%-2.89%). Gastroenteritis and HAstV infection were associated with a pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI: 1.72-2.71; P < 0.0001; I2 = 33.7%). The most commonly found HAstV genotypes in gastroenteritis patients were HAstV1 (62.18%), HAstV7 (33.33%), and HAstV-MLB1 (17.43%). CONCLUSION The frequency of HAstV infection was the highest in children under the age of five, and in developing countries. The prevalence rate of HAstV was not influenced by gender. Semi-nested and nested RT-PCR were highly sensitive assays for detecting HAstV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sabaei
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hamidzade
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danesh Aminpanah
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lu L, Jia R, Zhong H, Duan S, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Xu J. Surveillance and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus infections among outpatient children with acute gastroenteritis during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China. Virol J 2023; 20:133. [PMID: 37344873 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been recognized as one of the common enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. The aim of this study was carried out to illustrate the epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children younger than 15 years in Shanghai during COVID-19. METHODS During May 2020 and April 2022, 1048 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 15 years diagnosed with AGE in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. HAdV was identified by PCR and sequenced with specific primers. All the obtained sequences were analyzed by MEGA (version 6.0). Demographic information and clinical features data were also collected and analyzed. RESULTS In total, 97 (9.3%, 97/1048) samples were detected to be HAdV during May 2020 and April 2022. We found an atypical upsurge in HAdV infection in the year 2021 after a major suppression in the year 2020. Approximately 84.5% (82/97) of HAdV-infected children were aged 0-60 months. Among the 97 HAdV-positive samples, only two species and five genotypes were detected. HAdV-F (88.7%, 86/97) was the most prevalent species and HAdV-F41 (87.6%, 85/97) was the most common genotype. Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever were the main clinical manifestations in children infected with HAdV. The children aged from 0 to 12 months showed simpler patterns of clinical presentation than those of children older than 13 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings described the epidemiological changes of HAdV infection in children with AGE during the COVID-19, which further underscored the importance of continuous surveillance of HAdV at both local and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shuohua Duan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hikita T, Phan T, Okitsu S, Hayakawa S, Ushijima H. A Comparative Study of Acute Gastroenteritis Symptoms in Single- versus Multiple-Virus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098364. [PMID: 37176070 PMCID: PMC10179108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different enteric viruses can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. While a single virus can indeed cause disease, multiple-virus infections are commonly reported. However, data regarding a comparison between single- and multiple-virus infections upon clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis are relatively limited. In this study, a total of 2383 fecal specimens were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis during June 2014-July 2017 in a pediatric clinic in Japan and tested for 11 viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. At least 1 virus was found in 1706 (71.6%) specimens and norovirus GII was the most frequent agent, followed by rotavirus A and other viruses. Multiple-virus infections were identified in 565 cases (33.1%). While major clinical symptoms were found to be significantly different in some single- vs. multiple-virus infections, the disease severity was statistically non-significant. Our study highlights the burden of multiple-virus infections for acute gastroenteritis and the clinical features of patients with multiple-virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tung Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan
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Montalvo-Otivo R, Vilcapoma P, Murillo A, Mathey C, Olivera A, Veliz G, Estrella D. Evaluación de la diarrea crónica en pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de infección por VIH mediante el panel gastrointestinal FilmArray®. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Khan NU, Shamsullah, Shahidullah, Shah AA, Zaidi SSZ, Chen Z. Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus in Pakistani Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis under the Age of Five Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12534. [PMID: 36231834 PMCID: PMC9566016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children around the globe. Along with other enteropathogens, human adenovirus (HadV) is a major etiological agent associated with diarrhea in young children. However, information about the epidemiology of Adenoviruses in Pakistan is limited or has not been reported. A total of 1082 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five years with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps who visited Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and Children's hospital in Lahore of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Of this, 384 cases with no blood in their stool, negative for Rotavirus, and under the age of five years were recruited in this study. Human Adenoviruses were isolated in the human epithelial HEp-2 cell line. Furthermore, adenovirus antigen detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then all positive and negative samples were confirmed by nested PCR. After inoculating a clear stool supernatant on HEp-2 cell lines, we observed a positive cytopathic effect in 65 (16%) cases. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HAdV antigens were detected in 54 (14.06%) of the clear supernatant from gastroenteritis cases. However, HAdV hexon coding regions were amplified in 57 (14.80%) fecal samples, mainly from patients ≤24 months of age. The findings of this study suggest that adenovirus circulates significantly in the children population under the age of five years and may be the potential etiological factor of acute gastroenteritis in the mentioned cities. This study provides baseline data about the possible role of adenovirus in causing viral diarrhea in children. Further large-scale epidemiological surveys are recommended to better understand disease burden, etiological agents, and its clinical impact across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shamsullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahidullah
- Khyber Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Lu L, Zhong H, Jia R, Su L, Xu M, Cao L, Liu P, Ao Y, Dong N, Xu J. Prevalence and genotypes distribution of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under 5 years with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2012-2018. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35505284 PMCID: PMC9066839 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A rotavirus (RVA) remains the main causative agent of acute diarrhea among children under five years in countries that have not yet introduced the RVA vaccine worldwide. Long-term and continuous monitoring data on RVA infection in outpatient children were lacking in Shanghai. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes in outpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. Methods Stool specimens of outpatient children under five years were collected from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. All the samples enrolled in this study were detected and characterized for the P and G genotypes of RVA were determined using the semi-multiplex RT-PCR technique. Results Of 1814 children enrolled with acute diarrhea and having specimens collected, 246 (13.6%) were infected with RVA. The highest frequency of RVA was observed in children younger than two years old (87.0%, 214/246). Year-round RVA transmission was observed and the RVA detection rate peaked every winter and troughed in summer. In this study, 12 different RVA strains were identified in children. G9P[8] (49.2%, 121/246) was detected as the most prevalent genotype, followed by G–P[8] (22.8%, 56/246), G3P[8] (11.4%, 28/246), and G9P- (4.9%, 12/246). Although RVA strains detected in this study varied with the time, G9P[8] has been the most predominant circulating genotype since 2012. Furthermore, 12.2% (30/246) RVA positive samples were co-infected with other diarrhea viruses. Conclusion The present analysis showed that RVA was still a major cause of children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. A great diversity of RVA strains circulated in children with acute diarrhea with G9P[8] being the predominant genotype since 2012. Long-term and continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is therefore indispensable to refine future vaccine strategy in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyun Ao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Niuniu Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of severe, acute hepatitis among children have recently attracted global attention. The pathogen causing the outbreak remains unknown, but there is growing evidence that it may be associated with human adenovirus (HAdV). DATA SOURCES A review of adenovirus-related clinical studies, epidemiological studies, etiological studies, and case reports was conducted by reviewers independently. RESULTS HAdV can cause a wide variety of clinical symptoms. In the Mainland of China, HAdV infection accounts for 5.8%-13% of patients with acute respiratory infections, and these infections are mainly caused by species B, C, and E of HAdV. For acute conjunctivitis, 39.8%-74.9% of sporadic cases were infected by B and D species of HAdV. Outbreaks of keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever related to HAdV infection could be found throughout the country. In pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis, HAdV-41 was the predominant HAdV type, followed by HAdV species B and C. Several types of HAdV, including HAdV-5, HAdV-7, HAdV-1, and HAdV-2, have previously been reported as potential pathogens associated with HAdV hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. However, few HAdV-related hepatitis cases have been reported in China to date. CONCLUSIONS There are no systematic surveillance and clinical studies on HAdV hepatitis in China. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a nationwide HAdV virological surveillance system to collect relevant clinical, epidemiological and virological surveillance data and risk factor information as soon as possible to assess the potential risk of HAdV hepatitis among children.
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Composition of Eukaryotic Viruses and Bacteriophages in Individuals with Acute Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122365. [PMID: 34960634 PMCID: PMC8704738 DOI: 10.3390/v13122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique is a target-independent assay that enables the simultaneous detection and genomic characterization of all viruses present in a sample. There is a limited amount of data about the virome of individuals with gastroenteritis (GI). In this study, the enteric virome of 250 individuals (92% were children under 5 years old) with GI living in the northeastern and northern regions of Brazil was characterized. Fecal samples were subjected to NGS, and the metagenomic analysis of virus-like particles (VLPs) identified 11 viral DNA families and 12 viral RNA families. As expected, the highest percentage of viral sequences detected were those commonly associated with GI, including rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (94.8%, 82% and 71.2%, respectively). The most common co-occurrences, in a single individual, were the combinations of rotavirus-adenovirus, rotavirus-norovirus, and norovirus-adenovirus (78%, 69%, and 62%, respectively). In the same way, common fecal-emerging human viruses were also detected, such as parechovirus, bocaporvirus, cosavirus, picobirnavirus, cardiovirus, salivirus, and Aichivirus. In addition, viruses that infect plants, nematodes, fungi, protists, animals, and arthropods could be identified. A large number of unclassified viral contigs were also identified. We show that the metagenomics approach is a powerful and promising tool for the detection and characterization of different viruses in clinical GI samples.
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Razizadeh MH, Khatami A, Zarei M. Global molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of Sapovirus in children with gastrointestinal complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2302. [PMID: 34626019 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sapovirus (SaV) is an emerging cause of children gastrointestinal complications such as acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of the SaV in children and association of infection with SaVs and AGE in children based on case-control studies. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar) were used to retrieve English-language studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was applied to estimate the overall prevalence, publication bias and heterogeneity index. The pooled prevalence of SaV infection among children with gastroenteritis was 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9%-3.9%] based on a random-effects meta-analysis. Genogroup I was the dominant genogroup of SaV in children with gastroenteritis [2.2% (95% CI: 1.6%-3.0%)], association analysis showed that SaV was associated with gastroenteritis [OR: 1.843 (95% CI: 1.27-2.66)]. Given the significant prevalence of the virus in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to this situation. Therefore, preventive health measures in children should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Huang D, Wang Z, Zhang G, Sai L. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenoviruses infection among children with acute diarrhea in Shandong Province, China. Virol J 2021; 18:195. [PMID: 34579757 PMCID: PMC8474830 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) had been recognized as one of the most common enteric viruses associated with acute diarrhea in children. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the molecular and epidemiological characterization of HAdV Infections among children in Shandong province in China between July 2017 and June 2018. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea. DNA was extracted from the stool specimens and adenovirus DNA was detected by PCR amplification with specific primers. The amplification products were subjected to electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator. All positive RT-PCR amplification products were sequenced and the obtained sequences analyzed by MEGA (version 7.0). Demographic information and clinical manifestation data were also analyzed. Results In total, 656 fecal specimens were collected and the overall positive rate of HAdV was 7.47%. HAdV infections were detected in all age groups, in which children aged 13–24 months presented the highest positive rate. Seasonal pattern could be observed with a peak in December, January and February. Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever were the main clinical manifestations, in which vomiting was the most common accompanied symptom. By phylogenetic analysis, four species (A, B, C, and F) were detected and seven different serotypes were identified. HAdV-41 (48.98%, 24/49) was the most common serotype followed by HAdV-3 (18.37%, 9/49), HAdV-31 (14.29%, 7/49), HAdV-7 (8.16%, 4/49), HAdV-40 (4.08%, 2/49), HAdV-1 (4.08%, 2/49) and HAdV-2 (2.04%, 1/49). Conclusion This study indicated that HAdV infection was an important cause of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. The results will contribute to (a) increase understanding of the role of HAdV in diarrheal children and enhance identification of the predominant diarrhea pathogen for diagnosis; (b) avoid abuse of antibiotics; (c) monitor the change of prevalent HAdV serotypes and promote vaccine development and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guanyou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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14
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Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Jia R, Xu J. Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenovirus and classic human astrovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, 2017-2018. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:713. [PMID: 34325664 PMCID: PMC8320412 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to rotavirus and norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV) and classic human astrovirus (classic HAstV) are important pathogens of acute diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we present the molecular epidemiology of HAdV and classic HAstV in children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai. METHODS Fecal specimens were collected from 804 outpatient infants and young children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2017 to December 2018. All of the samples were screened for the presence of HAdV and classic HAstV. HAdV and classic HAstV were detected using traditional PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. All of the HAdV and classic HAstV positive samples were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Among the 804 fecal samples, 8.58% (69/804) of samples were infected with either HAdV or classic HAstV, and five were co-infected with two diarrhea viruses. The overall detection rates of HAdV and classic HAstV were 3.47% (28/804) and 5.22% (42/804), respectively. Four subgroups (A, B, C, and F) and seven genotypes (HAdV-C1, -C2, -B3, -C5, -A31, -F40, and -F41) of HAdV were detected. Subgroup F had the highest constituent ratio at 64.29% (18/28), followed by non-enteric HAdV of subgroup C (21.43%, 6/28) and subgroup B 10.71% (3/28). HAdV-F41 (60.71%, 17/28) was the dominant genotype, followed by HAdV-C2 (14.29%, 4/28) and HAdV-B3 (10.71%, 3/28). Two genotypes of classic HAstV (HAstV-1 and HAstV-5) were identified in 42 samples during the study period; HAstV-1 (95.24%, 40/42) was the predominant genotype, and the other two strains were genotyped as HAstV-5. No significant differences were found between boys and girls in the detection rates of HAdV (P = 0.604) and classic HAstV (P = 0.275). Over half of the HAdV infections (82.14%, 23/28) and classic HAstV infections (66.67%, 28/42) occurred in children less than 36 months. Seasonal preferences of HAdV and classic HAstV infections were summer and winter, respectively. In this study, the common clinical symptoms of children with acute diarrhea were diarrhea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HAdV and classic HAstV play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea in children in Shanghai. Systematic and long-term surveillance of HAdV and classic HAstV are needed to monitor their prevalence in children and prevent major outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sapovirus, a genus in the Caliciviridae family alongside norovirus, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of childhood diarrhea. Some challenges exist in our ability to better understand sapovirus infections, including the inability to grow sapovirus in cell culture, which has hindered diagnosis and studies of immunity. Another challenge is that individuals with sapovirus infection are commonly coinfected with other enteric pathogens, complicating our ability to attribute the diarrhea episode to a single pathogen. RECENT FINDINGS Development of molecular methods for sapovirus detection has increased our ability to measure disease prevalence. The prevalence of sapovirus varies between 1 and 17% of diarrhea episodes worldwide, with the highest burden in young children and older adults. Further, epidemiological studies have used novel approaches to account for the presence of coinfections with other enteric pathogens; one multisite cohort study of children under two years of age found that sapovirus had the second-highest attributable incidence among all diarrheal pathogens studied. SUMMARY Especially in settings where rotavirus vaccines have been introduced, efforts to reduce the overall burden of childhood diarrhea should focus on the reduction of sapovirus transmission and disease burden.
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16
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Huang D, Wang Z, Zhang F, Wang T, Zhang G, Sai L. Molecular and clinical epidemiological features of human astrovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Shandong province, China. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4883-4890. [PMID: 33811682 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the most common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children with an infection rate estimated to range from 2% to 9% worldwide. This study was aimed at investigating the molecular and clinical epidemiological features of human astrovirus infections in children under 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Shandong province, China from July 2017 to June 2018. In total, 376 fecal samples and the corresponding clinical information were collected and analyzed. HAstV infections were detected in all age groups with an overall positive rate of 8.51%. In addition to acute diarrhea, the main clinical manifestations were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration, in which fever was the most common complication. Infections could be seen throughout the year with a peak in the colder season. Four genotypes were detected in which HAstV-1 was the most prevalent genotype with a prevalence of 78.12%, followed by HAstV-5 (9.38%), MLB-1 (9.38%), and MLB-2 (3.12%). HAstV-1 strains were classified as lineage 1a, 1b, and 1d, in which lineage 1a strains were the most prevalent followed by lineage 1b and lineage 1d strains. All HAstV-5 strains were classified as lineage 5b and no other lineages were detected. The results showed that HAstV infection was an important cause of acute gastroenteritis among children under 5 years old in Shandong province. Given that their disease spectrum had been broadened, HAstVs should be paid more attention, not only as a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis but also as a potential pathogen of unexpected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanyou Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lintao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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17
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Farahmand M, Moghoofei M, Dorost A, Shoja Z, Ghorbani S, Kiani SJ, Khales P, Esteghamati A, Sayyahfar S, Jafarzadeh M, Minaeian S, Khanaliha K, Naghdalipour M, Tavakoli A. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of norovirus infection in children with gastroenteritis: A meta-analysis on 6 years of research from 2015 to 2020. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2237. [PMID: 33793023 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the post rotavirus vaccine era, norovirus (NoV) plays an increasingly important role in epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis among children. This study was designed to provide an updated meta-analytic review of the prevalence of NoV among paediatric patients with gastroenteritis and to clarify the relationship between NoV infection and gastroenteritis. Systematic searches of the literature for potentially relevant studies were carried out from 1 January 2015 to 29 May 2020. The inverse variance method was chosen for weighting of the studies, and the random-effects model was used to analyse data. To determine the association between NoV infection and gastroenteritis in children, pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed for case-control studies. The pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 12,0531 children with gastroenteritis from 45 countries across the world was 17.7% (95% CI: 16.3%-19.2%). There were 28 studies with a case-control design, and the pooled prevalence of NoV infection among 11,954 control subjects was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.1%-8.8%). The pooled OR of the association of NoV infection and gastroenteritis was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.2-3.4). The most common NoV genotypes were GII.4 (59.3%) and GII.3 (14.9%). The highest frequency of NoV was found in the age group below 1 year. Our findings indicated a substantial burden of gastroenteritis caused by NoV globally, with GII.4 and GII.3 the major genotypes responsible for the majority of NoV-associated gastroenteritis cases among children. Younger age and male sex can be considered risk factors for NoV-associated gastroenteritis among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Dorost
- Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoulreza Esteghamati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Jafarzadeh
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research and Training Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Minaeian
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Naghdalipour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Gibory M, Dembinski JL, Flem E, Haltbakk I, Dudman SG. Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3151-3156. [PMID: 32410230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness in both adults and children worldwide and is caused by several microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus (RV), which is the main cause of AGE, can occur as a mixed infection with other viruses. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Gibory
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elmira Flem
- Department of Infection Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ildri Haltbakk
- Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne G Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Gallo M, Ferrara L, Calogero A, Montesano D, Naviglio D. Relationships between food and diseases: What to know to ensure food safety. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Wu L, Teng Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Wu H, Kuang X, Cui X, Wang W, Cui X, Yuan ZA, Zhang X, Xie Y. Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Classical Human Astrovirus Infection in Shanghai, 2015-2016. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:570541. [PMID: 33101242 PMCID: PMC7546348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.570541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses of the Astroviridae family. Infection of classic HAstVs is one of the most common causes of acute viral gastroenteritis (infectious viral diarrhea). There is a lack of data on the prevalence and genetic characterization of classic HAstVs in acute viral gastroenteritis in the whole population. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological trend, genotypes, viral co-infections, and viral loads of classic HAstVs in Shanghai, China, from January 2015 to December 2016. Methods A total of 6,051 non-redundant stool samples were collected in outpatients with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. One-step real-time RT-PCR was used for screening viral diarrhea, including rotavirus A, rotavirus B, rotavirus C, norovirus genotype I and II, classic human astroviruses, and sapovirus. Real-time PCR was used for screening human enteric adenoviruses. Conventional RT-PCR was used for the amplification of viral fragments for genotyping. PCR products were sequenced and used for the construction of phylogenetic trees. Results The detection rate of classic HAstVs was 1.55% (94/6,051). The prevalence of HAstV infection displayed a typical winter/spring (December to March) seasonality and was highest in the 5–14 age group. Eighty-six samples were genotyped, which revealed HAstV-1 as the most prevalent genotype, followed by HAstV-5, HAstV-4, HAstV- 2, HAstV-8, and HAstV-3. There was a dramatic rise in the prevalence of HAstV-4 from December 2015 to March 2016, and the viral loads of HAstV-4 were significantly higher than those of other genotypes. Among the mixed infection samples, noroviruses were found to be the most frequently co-infected enteric viruses with HAstV. Conclusion Multiple genotypes of classic HAstVs circulated in Shanghai from January 2015 to December 2016. For the first time, HAstV-3\4\5\8 were detected in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingneng Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhou Kuang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxian Cui
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-An Yuan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Lu L, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Jia R, Xu J. Genetic diversity and epidemiology of Genogroup II noroviruses in children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:736. [PMID: 31438883 PMCID: PMC6704660 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under 5 years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpatient children from the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. METHODS Stool specimens were collected between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1433 children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. All samples were analysed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II NoVs amplifying both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. The Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 ( https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/ ) was used for genotyping the strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. RESULTS From 2012 to 2017, GII NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with the highest detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746). The seasons with the highest prevalence of GII NoVs infection were autumn and winter. Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominant RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017, while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). Among the capsid genotypes, the most prevalent NoV genotype from 2012 to 2017 was GII.4 (74.1%, 163/220). On the basis of genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into - 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, and GII.P16/GII.2. Starting with 2013, GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 had completely replaced the pandemic GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype and was detected in children across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows high detection rates and the genetic diversity of circulating NoV GII genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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22
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Xue L, Cai W, Zhang L, Gao J, Dong R, Li Y, Wu H, Zhang J, Zeng H, Ye Q, Ding Y, Wu Q. Prevalence and genetic diversity of human sapovirus associated with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in South China from 2013 to 2017. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1759-1764. [PMID: 31180139 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human sapovirus (SaV) is an important viral agent for acute diarrhea worldwide, but timely prevalence data of human SaV in South China are still lacking. In this study, a 4-year surveillance was conducted to characterize the prevalence and genetic characteristics of the circulating SaV associated with sporadic diarrhea in South China. From November 2013 to October 2017, 569 fecal samples from patients with acute diarrhea were collected. SaV was detected in 11 samples with a positive rate of 1.93%. Three human genogroups of GI, GII, and GIV were identified, including five GI.1 strains, three GI.2 strains, one GI.3 strain, one GII.8 strain, and one GIV strain. Furthermore, multiple alignments of complete capsid protein VP1 genes of five local GI.1 strains and other available GI.1 strains in GenBank were performed. Average pairwise identities were calculated at 95.33% and 99.36% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, and only six variable amino acid sites were found during its 36-years' evolution process. GI.1 strains could be further phylogenetically divided into four clusters with an approximate temporal evolution pattern, and local strains belonged to Cluster-d with other four strains from China and Japan. In summary, SaV was identified as an etiological agent responsible for sporadic gastroenteritis in Guangzhou with a low prevalence rate as in other Chinese cities, but its high genetic diversity suggested the necessity of continuous SaV surveillance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weicheng Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junshan Gao
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonglai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Tatte VS, Gopalkrishna V. Detection of different enteric viruses in children with diarrheal disease: evidence of the high frequency of mixed infections. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000010. [PMID: 32974508 PMCID: PMC7470349 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses play a major role in causing diarrhea in children. Early identification of the causative pathogen is still a challenge in the clinical laboratory. A multiplex PCR assay is a useful tool to screen a large number of clinical samples especially in an outbreak situation. In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay was developed to detect nine enteric viruses such as group A rotavirus, norovirus GGII, sapovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, aichivirus, parechovirus, bocavirus and enterovirus in clinical samples of diarrheal cases. Stool samples (n=185) collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis cases in Pune, western India were analysed for nine different enteric viruses by currently developed multiplex RT- PCR. Predominance of group A rotavirus (76%) followed by enterovirus (11.5%), astrovirus (4.5%), adenovirus (2.7%) and norovirus GII (1.6%) was observed. A total of 44.8 % (82/185) samples analysed by this method showed high frequency of mixed infections. These results highlighted high prevalence and diversity of different enteric viruses in children. The multiplex PCR showed good concordance with monoplex RT-PCR for detection of these enteric viruses in clinical samples. This is the first report on the development of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection of multiple enteric viruses in diarrheal diseases from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali S Tatte
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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24
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Japhet MO, Famurewa O, Adesina OA, Opaleye OO, Wang B, Höhne M, Bock CT, Mas Marques A, Niendorf S. Viral gastroenteritis among children of 0-5 years in Nigeria: Characterization of the first Nigerian aichivirus, recombinant noroviruses and detection of a zoonotic astrovirus. J Clin Virol 2018; 111:4-11. [PMID: 30580015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Understanding of the occurrence and genetic diversity of these viruses can help to prevent infections. OBJECTIVES The present study describes the presence, genetic diversity and possible recombination of five enteric viruses in children with gastroenteritis in Southwestern Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN From August 2012 to December 2013, stool samples and sociodemographic data of 103 diarrheic children <5 years were collected to detect and characterize rotavirus A, norovirus, human astrovirus, aichivirus and sapovirus using PCR techniques followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS At least one virus was identified in 58.3% (60/103) of the stool samples. Rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus were detected in 39.8% (41/103), 10.7% (11/103), and 6.8% (7/103) respectively. Notably, aichivirus was detected for the first time in Nigeria (1/103; 0.97%). Sapovirus was not detected in the study. Co-infections with rotavirus were observed in eight samples either with norovirus or astrovirus or aichivirus. Phylogenetic analyses of different genome regions of norovirus positive samples provided indication for recombinant norovirus strains. A novel astrovirus strain closely related to canine astrovirus was identified and further characterized for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Viruses are the common cause of acute gastroenteritis in Nigerian infants with rotavirus as most frequently detected pathogen. New norovirus recombinants and a not yet detected zoonotic astrovirus were circulating in Southwestern Nigeria, providing new information about emerging and unusual strains of viruses causing diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Japhet
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Famurewa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O A Adesina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria
| | - B Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Höhne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mas Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Niendorf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Chen YH, Chen F, Zhou T, Chen JY, Zheng TL, Xu X, Pei XF. Prevalence and clinical profile of rotavirus A infection among diarrhoeal children and phylogenetic analysis with vaccine strains in Chengdu, West China, 2009-2014. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:704-713. [PMID: 29779228 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe diarrhoeal disease in young children. However, little is known about the epidemiological and clinical profile of rotavirus A (RVA) in diarrhoeal children or the efficacy of Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR) in Chengdu, China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of RVA in diarrhoeal children and provide gene analysis information for RVA vaccination programmes. METHODS A total of 1121 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children with diarrhoea between 2009 and 2014. RT-PCR was performed to detect RVA infection and other gastroenteritis viruses. VP4 and VP7 genes of 13 RVA strains were sequenced to compare their similarity with vaccine strains. RESULTS The overall RVA infection rate was 17.48%. G1 (54.72%) and G3 (18.87%) were the predominant G genotypes; P[8] (72.36%) and P[4] (11.38%) were the main P genotypes. Sixteen genotypes were identified; G1P[8] (57.33%) and G9P[8] (12.00%) were the most prevalent. The proportion of coinfection with RVA and other gastroenteritis viruses was 18.88%. RVA was mostly detected in winter and in diarrhoeal children 1-2 years of age. The genotypes of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines were consistent with RVA strains prevalent in Sichuan and shared high identity. CONCLUSIONS RVA was one of the major aetiological agents of diarrhoeal children in Chengdu. Genotype distribution differed within each year and the gene analysis implied low efficacy of LLR. Continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA is essential for the national vaccination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Li Zheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health (No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Adenovirus Infections among Hospitalized Children with Acute Diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2006-2011. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 2017:9304830. [PMID: 29445406 PMCID: PMC5763120 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9304830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered a significant enteropathogen associated with sporadic diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of HAdV in hospitalized children with viral diarrhea in Shanghai. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of HAdVs and describe their association with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 674 fecal samples were subjected to PCR or RT-PCR to detect RVA, HuCV, HAstV, and HAdV. Results: HAdV infections were detected in 4.7% (32/674) of specimens, with detection rates of 13.4% (11/82), 4.6% (8/174), 3.2% (4/124), 4.1% (3/74), 2.0% (2/100), and 3.3% (4/120) from 2006 to 2011, respectively. Comprehensive detection of the four viruses revealed the presence of a high percentage (90.6%) of coinfections among HAdV-positive samples, where HAdV+RVA was the most prevalent coinfection. Of the 32 HAdV-positive samples, 50.0% (16/32) were classified as HAdV-41, and 18.8% (6/32) were classified as HAdV-3. Almost 94.0% of children infected with HAdV were less than 24 months of age. Conclusions: These results clearly indicated diversity across the HAdV genotypes detected in inpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai and suggested that HAdVs play a role in children with acute diarrhea.
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27
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Li P, Yang L, Guo J, Zou W, Xu X, Yang X, Du X, Qiu S, Song H. Circulation of HAdV-41 with diverse genome types and recombination in acute gastroenteritis among children in Shanghai. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3548. [PMID: 28615624 PMCID: PMC5471248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus F (HAdV-F) is one of the major causative species detected in acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. HAdV-F is composed of serotypes 40 and 41. Most studies have reported the prevalence of HAdV-41 and focused on its epidemiologic characteristics. In this study, seventeen samples were identified as HAdV-41 out of 273 fecal specimens from children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai. Five isolates were isolated and subjected to whole genome sequencing and analysis to characterize the genetic variation and evolution. Full genome analysis revealed low genetic variation (99.07-99.92% identity) among the isolates, and InDels are observed in the E2A gene and the hexon gene compared to the reference strain NIVD103. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates mainly formed two genome-type clusters but with incongruence in the trees of whole genomes and individual genes. The recombination breakpoints of the five isolates were inferred by the Recombination Detection Program (RDP) and varied in the number and location of the recombination events, indicating different evolution origins. Overall, our study highlights the genetic diversity of HAdV-41 isolates circulating in Shanghai, which may have evolved from inter-strain recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Wenwei Zou
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200236, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hongbin Song
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Assadian F, Kamel W, Laurell G, Svensson C, Punga T, Akusjärvi G. Expression profile of Epstein-Barr virus and human adenovirus small RNAs in tonsillar B and T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177275. [PMID: 28542273 PMCID: PMC5444648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used high-throughput small RNA sequencing to characterize viral small RNA expression in purified tonsillar B and T lymphocytes isolated from patients tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human adenovirus (HAdV) infections, respectively. In the small set of patients analyzed, the expression profile of EBV and HAdV miRNAs could not distinguish between patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy or chronic/recurrent tonsillitis. The EBV miR-BART expression profile among the patients diagnosed with tonsillar diseases resembles most closely the pattern seen in EBV+ tumors (Latency II/I). The miR-BARTs that appear to be absent in normal EBV infected cells are essentially all detectable in the diseased tonsillar B lymphocytes. In the EBV+ B cells we detected 44 EBV miR-BARTs derived from the proposed BART precursor hairpins whereof five are not annotated in miRBase v21. One previously undetected miRNA, BART16b-5p, originates from the miR-BART16 precursor hairpin as an alternative 5´ miR-BART16 located precisely upstream of the annotated miR-BART16-5p. Further, our analysis revealed an extensive sequence variation among the EBV miRNAs with isomiRs having a constant 5´ end but alternative 3´ ends. A range of small RNAs was also detected from the terminal stem of the EBER RNAs and the 3´ part of v-snoRNA1. During a lytic HAdV infection in established cell lines the terminal stem of the viral non-coding VA RNAs are processed to highly abundant viral miRNAs (mivaRNAs). In contrast, mivaRNA expression in HAdV positive tonsillar T lymphocytes was very low. The small RNA profile further showed that the 5´ mivaRNA from VA RNAI and the 3´ mivaRNA from VA RNAII were as predicted, whereas the 3´ mivaRNA from VA RNAI showed an aberrant processing upstream of the expected Dicer cleavage site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Assadian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wael Kamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svensson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanel Punga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Akusjärvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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29
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Kim A, Chang JY, Shin S, Yi H, Moon JS, Ko JS, Oh S. Epidemiology and Factors Related to Clinical Severity of Acute Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:465-474. [PMID: 28145650 PMCID: PMC5290106 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate epidemiology and host- and pathogen-related factors associated with clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children after rotavirus vaccination introduction. Factors assessed included age, co-infection with more than 2 viruses, and virus-toxigenic Clostridium difficile co-detection. Fecal samples and clinical information, including modified Vesikari scores, were collected from hospitalized children with AGE. The presence of enteric viruses and bacteria, including toxigenic C. difficile, was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 415 children included, virus was detected in stool of 282 (68.0%) children. Co-infection with more than 2 viruses and toxigenic C. difficile were found in 24 (8.5%) and 26 (9.2%) children with viral AGE, respectively. Norovirus (n = 130) infection, including norovirus-associated co-infection, was the most frequent infection, especially in children aged < 24 months (P < 0.001). In the severity-related analysis, age < 24 months was associated with greater diarrheal severity (P < 0.001) and modified Vesikari score (P = 0.001), after adjustment for other severity-related factors including rotavirus status. Although the age at infection with rotavirus was higher than that for other viruses (P = 0.001), rotavirus detection was the most significant risk factor for all severity parameters, including modified Vesikari score (P < 0.001). Viral co-infection and toxigenic C. difficile co-detection were not associated with any severity-related parameter. This information will be helpful in the management of childhood AGE in this era of rotavirus vaccination and availability of molecular diagnostic tests, which often lead to the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Medical Statistics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Expression and characterization of the major capsid protein derived from a GII.6 norovirus strain isolated in China. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:131-137. [PMID: 28219831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to express and characterize the major capsid protein (VP1) of a GII.6 Norovirus (NoV)strain isolated in China. The newly identified GII.6 NoV strain was isolated from a five-year old boy presenting acute gastroenteritis. The genome of the GII.6 strain was 7550 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly-adenylation tail. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on deduced VP1 amino acid sequences from different genotypes indicated close relationship between GII.3 and GII.6 NoVs, as demonstrated by the presence of a short sequence insertion in the P2 domain and clustering in the same subgroup. Expression of GII.6 VP1 led to assembly of virus like particles (VLPs). In vitro VLP-salivary histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) binding assay demonstrated wide-spectrum binding activities of assembled VLPs to blood type A, B, AB and O salivary HBGAs with highest binding capacity to type A salivary HBGAs and lowest to type AB and O salivary HBGAs. In vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay indicated absence of cross-blocking effects for hyperimmune sera produced against different genotypes. In conclusion, our results suggest a rational VLPs-based multivalent NoV vaccine should contain capsid proteins of a GII.6 strain.
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31
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Vu DL, Bosch A, Pintó RM, Guix S. Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond. Viruses 2017; 9:v9020033. [PMID: 28218712 PMCID: PMC5332952 DOI: 10.3390/v9020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since they were identified in 1975, human astroviruses have been considered one of the most important agents of viral acute gastroenteritis in children. However, highly divergent astroviruses infecting humans have been recently discovered and associated with extra-intestinal infections. The report of cases of fatal meningitis and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has broadened their disease spectrum. Although zoonotic transmission among animal and human astroviruses has not been clearly recognized, the genetic similarity between some human and animal viruses makes it likely to occur. This review provides an update on the epidemiology of both classic and novel human astroviruses, and a comprehensive view on confirmed or potential association between astrovirus and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem-Lan Vu
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Albert Bosch
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Pintó
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
| | - Susana Guix
- Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
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32
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Associations of Adenovirus Genotypes in Korean Acute Gastroenteritis Patients with Respiratory Symptoms and Intussusception. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1602054. [PMID: 28255553 PMCID: PMC5309414 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1602054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases, including respiratory infections and gastroenteritis, and have more than 65 genotypes. To investigate the current genotypes of circulating HAdV strains, we performed molecular genotyping of HAdVs in the stool from patients with acute gastroenteritis and tried to determine their associations with clinical symptoms. From June 2014 to May 2016, 3,901 fecal samples were tested for an AdV antigen, and 254 samples (6.5%) yielded positive results. Genotyping using PCR and sequencing of the capsid hexon gene was performed for 236 AdV antigen-positive fecal specimens. HAdV-41, of species F, was the most prevalent genotype (60.6%), followed by HAdV-2 of species C (13.8%). Other genotypes, including HAdV-3, HAdV-1, HAdV-5, HAdV-6, HAdV-31, HAdV-40, HAdV-12, and HAdV-55, were also detected. Overall, 119 patients (50.4%) showed concomitant respiratory symptoms, and 32 patients (13.6%) were diagnosed with intussusception. HAdV-1 and HAdV-31 were significantly associated with intussusception (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate the recent changes in trends of circulating AdV genotypes associated with gastroenteritis in Korea, which should be of value for improving the diagnosis and developing new detection, treatment, and prevention strategies for broad application in clinical laboratories.
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Reymão TKA, Hernandez JDM, Costa STPD, Sousa MSD, Oliveira DDS, Silva LDD, Bandeira RDS, Lima ICGD, Soares LDS, Mascarenhas JDP, Gabbay YB. SAPOVIRUSES IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS FROM MANAUS , AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL, 2010-2011. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:81. [PMID: 27828622 PMCID: PMC5096635 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sapoviruses (SaVs) are responsible for acute gastroenteritis in humans, especially children and the elderly. In Brazil, data on SaVs infections are very limited, especially in Northern Brazil. Here, we investigated the occurrence of SaVs in samples from hospitalized children under ten years old that presented acute gastroenteritis. Positive samples were genotyped and phylogenetic analysis was performed using prototype strains sequences obtained from GenBank database. In total, 156 fecal samples were screened by RT-PCR for SaVs. A positivity rate of 3.8% (6/156) was found in children under three years of age. Four genotypes were detected: GI.I, GI.2 and GII.2?-GII.4?/GII.4, suggesting a possible inter-genotypes recombination. Most infections (83.3%) occurred between August and September. The positivity was similar to that found in other countries and genotyping demonstrated the presence of distinct genotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the circulation of SaVs in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Amazon region, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maísa Silva de Sousa
- Federal University of Pará, Tropical Medicine Center, Postgraduate Program in Tropical Diseases. Belém, Pará, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Darleise de Souza Oliveira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Luciana Damascena da Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Renato da Silva Bandeira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Ian Carlos Gomes de Lima
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Luana da Silva Soares
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | | | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
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A consecutive centrifugal method for concentration of human enteric viruses in water samples. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3323-3330. [PMID: 27581806 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A consecutive centrifugal method was developed to concentrate enteric viruses from water. Using five selected human enteric viruses, the recovery rates were evaluated and compared with results from NanoCeram filtration methods. The highest recovery rate was achieved for coxsackievirus (78.11 %, 42.97-101.39), and the lowest rate was for adenovirus (32.84 %, 19.68-66.20). In comparison with NanoCeram disc filtration with beef-extract flocculation (BE), the recovery rate was increased for all viruses. The rate of increase varied from a low of 8.24 % (astroviruses) to a high of 24.22 % (noroviruses). The NanoCeram filtration with BE was further modified by NaPP buffer plus one-step centrifugation using a Centricon plus-70 device. The modified method further increased the concentrations of viruses in the sample. Virus concentration was increased to 19.45 ± 7.19-fold for rotavirus, 19.40 ± 6.54-fold for norovirus, 16.10 ± 7.61-fold for coxsackievirus, 12.80 ± 3.00-fold for astrovirus and 11.97 ± 6.94-fold for adenovirus compared to the NanoCeram filtration with BE. Subsequent cell culture showed that the infectivity of the viruses was not altered by any of the three methods. Three methods will provide testing labs with choices for cost-effective approaches to concentrate viruses from water.
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Dang Thanh H, Than VT, Nguyen TH, Lim I, Kim W. Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154284. [PMID: 27148739 PMCID: PMC4858242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Of 1,050 fecal specimens collected from January 2013 to August 2015 from children with acute gastroenteritis, 149 (14.2%) were found to be positive for norovirus. Norovirus GII was the most predominant genogroup (98.65%; 147 of 149). The genotypes detected in this study were GI (2; 1.3%), GII.Pe-GII.4 (109; 73.1%), GII.P17-GII.17 (16; 10.7%), GII.P12-GII.3 (8; 5.4%), GII.P12-GII.12 (8; 5.4%), GII.P4-GII.4 (5; 3.4%), and the recombinant GII.Pe-GII.17 (1; 0.7%). Of these, the novel GII.17 strain was the second most predominant, and the number of affected children appeared to continuously increase over time (2013 [2; 4.4%], 2014 [4; 9.3%], and 2015 [10; 16.4%]). Phylogenetic analysis of the full genome and ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 nucleotide sequences showed that GII.17 was grouped in cluster III with other strains isolated from 2013 to 2015 and had a different evolutionary history from strains collected in 1978 to 2002 and 2005 to 2009 formed clusters I and II. However, the phylogenetic trees also showed that cluster III was divided into subclusters IIIa (CAU-55 and CAU-85) and IIIb (Kawasaki 2014) (CAU-193, CAU-265, CAU-267, CAU-283, and CAU-289). Comparative analysis of the VP1 capsid protein using 15 complete amino acid sequences from noroviruses isolated from 1978 to 2015 showed 99 amino acid changes. These results could be helpful for epidemiological studies to understand circulating norovirus genotypes in population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Dang Thanh
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Van Thai Than
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Tinh Huu Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Inseok Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, South Korea
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Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Human Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections in Tonsillar Lymphocytes Isolated from Patients Diagnosed with Tonsillar Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154814. [PMID: 27136093 PMCID: PMC4852932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a conveniently accessible source of T and B lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. In this study we have characterised the distribution of human adenovirus (HAdV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in purified tonsillar T and B cell-enriched fractions isolated from three patient age groups diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis. HAdV DNA was detected in 93 out of 111 patients (84%), while EBV DNA was detected in 58 patients (52%). The most abundant adenovirus type was HAdV-5 (68%). None of the patients were positive for HCMV. Furthermore, 43 patients (39%) showed a co-infection of HAdV and EBV. The majority of young patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy were positive for HAdV, whereas all adult patients diagnosed with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis were positive for either HAdV or EBV. Most of the tonsils from patients diagnosed with either tonsillar hypertrophy or chronic/recurrent tonsillitis showed a higher HAdV DNA copy number in T compared to B cell-enriched fraction. Interestingly, in the majority of the tonsils from patients with chronic/recurrent tonsillitis HAdV DNA was detected in T cells only, whereas hypertrophic tonsils demonstrated HAdV DNA in both T and B cell-enriched fractions. In contrast, the majority of EBV positive tonsils revealed a preference for EBV DNA accumulation in the B cell-enriched fraction compared to T cell fraction irrespective of the patients' age.
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Mayindou G, Ngokana B, Sidibé A, Moundélé V, Koukouikila-Koussounda F, Christevy Vouvoungui J, Kwedi Nolna S, Velavan TP, Ntoumi F. Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in Congolese children with gastroenteritis. J Med Virol 2015; 88:596-605. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gontran Mayindou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Berge Ngokana
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Anissa Sidibé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Victoire Moundélé
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - Sylvie Kwedi Nolna
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research; Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Marien Ngouabi University; Brazzaville Republic of Congo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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Genetic Diversity of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis, Albania, 2013-2015. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:142912. [PMID: 26339589 PMCID: PMC4538309 DOI: 10.1155/2015/142912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to assess the occurrence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in paediatric patients with gastroenteritis in Albania and to characterize HAdV strains. Faecal specimens from children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to the Paediatric Hospital in Tirana were screened for HAdV, using broad-range primers targeting the hexon gene, in combination with species-specific primers targeting the fiber gene. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to assess the genetic relationships among the different sequences and between the sequences of the samples and those of the prototype strains. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 33/142 samples (23.2%); 14 belonged to species F (13 HAdV-41 and 1 HAdV-40), 13 to species C (1 HAdV-1, 8 HAdV-2, and 4 HAdV-5), 5 to species B (HAdV-3), and 1 to species A (HAdV-12). Rotavirus coinfection was present in 9/33 (27.2%) positive samples. In the remaining 24 positive samples (12 enteric—F species; 12 nonenteric—A, B, or C species), HAdVs were detected as unique viral pathogens, suggesting that HAdV may be an important cause of diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalization. This is the first study investigating the presence of human adenoviruses (species A–G) as etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in children in Albania.
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