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Wang ZH, Ye XQ, Wu XT, Wang ZZ, Huang JH, Chen XX. A new gene family (BAPs) of Cotesia bracovirus induces apoptosis of host hemocytes. Virulence 2023; 14:2171691. [PMID: 36694288 PMCID: PMC9908294 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2171691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs), obligatory symbionts with parasitoid wasps, function as host immune suppressors and growth and development regulator. PDVs can induce host haemocyte apoptosis, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we provided evidence that, during the early stages of parasitism, the activated Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) reduced the overall number of host haemocytes by inducing apoptosis. We found that one haemocyte-highly expressed CvBV gene, CvBV-26-4, could induce haemocyte apoptosis. Further analyses showed that CvBV-26-4 has four homologs from other Cotesia bracoviruses and BV from wasps in the genus Glyptapanteles, and all four of them possessed a similar structure containing 3 copies of a well-conserved motif (Gly-Tyr-Pro-Tyr, GYPY). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that CvBV-26-4 was secreted into plasma by haemocytes and then degraded into peptides that induced the apoptosis of haemocytes. Moreover, ectopic expression of CvBV-26-4 caused fly haemocyte apoptosis and increased the susceptibility of flies to bacteria. Based on this research, a new family of bracovirus genes, Bracovirus apoptosis-inducing proteins (BAPs), was proposed. Furthermore, it was discovered that the development of wasp larvae was affected when the function of CvBV BAP was obstructed in the parasitized hosts. The results of our study indicate that the BAP gene family from the bracoviruses group is crucial for immunosuppression during the early stages of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Regional Development and Governance Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Xue-Xin Chen
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Yu D, Zhang P, Xu C, Hu Y, Liang Y, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus Bracovirus Promotes Cyclophilin D-Acetylation at Lysine 125 That Correlates with Apoptosis during Insect Immunosuppression. Viruses 2023; 15:1491. [PMID: 37515179 PMCID: PMC10383377 DOI: 10.3390/v15071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is regulated during the innate immune response of insects. However, the mechanism by which CypD is activated under innate immunosuppression is not understood. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV), a symbiotic virus in the parasitoid wasp, Microplitis bicoloratus, suppresses innate immunity in parasitized Spodoptera litura. Here, we demonstrate that MbBV promotes the CypD acetylation of S. litura, resulting in an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased apoptosis of hemocytes and MbBV-infected cells. Under MbBV infection, the inhibition of CypD acetylation significantly rescued the apoptotic cells induced by MbBV, and the point-mutant fusion proteins of CypDK125R-V5 were deacetylated. The CypD-V5 fusion proteins were acetylated in MbBV-infected cells. Deacetylation of CypDK125R-V5 can also suppress the MbBV-induced increase in apoptosis. These results indicate that CypD is involved in the MbBV-suppressed innate immune response via the CypD-acetylation pathway and S. litura CypD is acetylated on K125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Medical Investment Management Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cuixian Xu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- School of Health, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liang
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming Li
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Zhang P, Liu ZY, Yu D, Xu CX, Hu Y, Liang YP, Jin J, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism promotes cyclophilin D-p53 interaction to induce apoptosis of hemocytes in Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21970. [PMID: 36200410 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism can induce apoptosis of hemocytes in the M. bicolortus host, Spodoptera litura. However, it is unclear how M. bicolortus parasitism regulates host signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Expression of cyclophilin D (CypD) and p53 was significantly upregulated in S. litura hemocytes at 6 days postparasitization. In the parasitized hemocytes, there was mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm ) loss, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release from mitochondria, and caspase-3 activation. These occurred while hemocytes were undergoing upregulation of CypD and p53. Parasitism also promoted the interaction between CypD and p53. CypD silencing could rescue the apoptotic phenotypes induced by parasitism, but had no effect on apoptosis in unparasitized S. litura. These findings suggest that the CypD-p53 pathway may be an important component of the parasitism-induced immunosuppressive response and establish a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Center of Molecular Biology of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui-Xian Xu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Health, Yunnan Technology and Business University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Jin
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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4
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Gao HS, Hu RM, Wang ZH, Ye XQ, Wu XT, Huang JH, Wang ZZ, Chen XX. A Polydnavirus Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Negatively Regulates the Host Phenoloxidase Pathway. Viruses 2022; 15:56. [PMID: 36680096 PMCID: PMC9866809 DOI: 10.3390/v15010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydnavirus (PDV) is a parasitic factor of endoparasitic wasps and contributes greatly to overcoming the immune response of parasitized hosts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level in mammals, but knowledge of PDV PTP action during a parasitoid−host interaction is limited. In this study, we characterized a PTP gene, CvBV_12-6, derived from Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV), and explored its possible regulatory role in the immune response of the host Plutella xylostella. Our results from qPCR show that CvBV_12-6 was highly expressed in hemocytes at an early stage of parasitization. To explore CvBV_12-6 function, we specifically expressed CvBV_12-6 in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes. The results show that Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 suppressed the phenoloxidase activity of hemolymph in D. melanogaster, but exerted no effect on the total count or the viability of the hemocytes. In addition, the Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 flies exhibited decreased antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, we found that CvBV_12-6 significantly suppressed the melanization of the host P. xylostella 24 h post parasitization and reduced the viability, but not the number, of hemocytes. In conclusion, CvBV_12-6 negatively regulated both cellular and humoral immunity in P. xylostella, and the related molecular mechanism may be universal to insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shuai Gao
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong-Min Hu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Zhuo H, Liu J. Nuclear factor interleukin 3 (NFIL3) participates in regulation of the NF-κB-mediated inflammation and antioxidant system in Litopenaeus vannamei under ammonia-N stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1192-1205. [PMID: 36403704 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor interleukin 3 (NFIL3) is a critical upstream regulator of the NF-κB pathway. Nevertheless, the detailed molecular mechanism of NFIL3 and its function in shrimp have not been well characterized. In the present study, NFIL3 was identified and characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei. Molecular feature analysis revealed that the open reading frame (ORF) of LvNFIL3 was 2963 bp, which codes for a polypeptide of 516 amino acids with a conserved basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of LvNFIL3 shared 18.82%-98.07% identity with that of NFIL3 in other species, and was closely related to Penaeus monodon NFIL3. A core promoter in the 5' flanking region of LvNFIL3 was essential for regulation of transcription. LvNFIL3 mRNA was highly expressed in gills and hepatopancreas. Subcellular localization of the protein was observed almost exclusively in the nucleus. Amplification of mRNA by RT-qPCR showed that LvNFIL3 was induced in shrimp gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle after ammonia-N stress. Moreover, silencing of LvNFIL3 increased the mortality of shrimp exposed to ammonia-N. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay data suggested that LvNFIL3 was capable of activating the NF-κB pathway. Conversely, knockdown of LvNFIL3 decreased NF-κB homolog (Dorsal and Relish) and IkB homolog (Cactus) expression, as well as expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-16) and five antioxidant-related genes (HO-1, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST), whereas NF-κB repressing factor (NKRF) and inflammation-related genes (TNFα and Spz) were upregulated. More importantly, LvNFIL3 knockdown exacerbated the pathology in hepatopancreas exposed to ammonia-N, and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were significantly decreased, resulting in a significant increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonization. Taken together, these data suggest that LvNFIL3 was involved in ammonia-N tolerance in L. vannamei by regulating the inflammation and antioxidant system through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Zhuo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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6
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Wu X, Wu Z, Ye X, Pang L, Sheng Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Hu R, Zhou S, Chen J, Wang Z, Shi M, Huang J, Chen X. The Dual Functions of a Bracovirus C-Type Lectin in Caterpillar Immune Response Manipulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877027. [PMID: 35663984 PMCID: PMC9157488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoids are widespread in natural ecosystems and normally equipped with diverse viral factors to defeat host immune responses. On the other hand, parasitoids can enhance the antibacterial abilities and improve the hypoimmunity traits of parasitized hosts that may encounter pathogenic infections. These adaptive strategies guarantee the survival of parasitoid offspring, yet their underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we focused on Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, and found that C. vestalis parasitization decreases the number of host hemocytes, leading to disruption of the encapsulation reaction. We further found that one bracovirus C-type lectin gene, CvBV_28-1, is highly expressed in the hemocytes of parasitized hosts and participates in suppressing the proliferation rate of host hemocytes, which in turn reduces their population and represses the process of encapsulation. Moreover, CvBV_28-1 presents a classical bacterial clearance ability via the agglutination response in a Ca2+-dependent manner in response to gram-positive bacteria. Our study provides insights into the innovative strategy of a parasitoid-derived viral gene that has dual functions to manipulate host immunity for a successful parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zhu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Hu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Zhou GF, Chen CX, Cai QC, Yan X, Peng NN, Li XC, Cui JH, Han YF, Zhang Q, Meng JH, Tang HM, Cai CH, Long J, Luo KJ. Bracovirus Sneaks Into Apoptotic Bodies Transmitting Immunosuppressive Signaling Driven by Integration-Mediated eIF5A Hypusination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901593. [PMID: 35664011 PMCID: PMC9156803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical characteristics of polydnavirus (PDV) infection is a persistent immunosuppression, governed by the viral integration and expression of virulence genes. Recently, activation of caspase-3 by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) to cleave Innexins, gap junction proteins, has been highlighted, further promoting apoptotic cell disassembly and apoptotic body (AB) formation. However, whether ABs play a role in immune suppression remains to be determined. Herein, we show that ABs transmitted immunosuppressive signaling, causing recipient cells to undergo apoptosis and dismigration. Furthermore, the insertion of viral–host integrated motif sites damaged the host genome, stimulating eIF5A nucleocytoplasmic transport and activating the eIF5A-hypusination translation pathway. This pathway specifically translates apoptosis-related host proteins, such as P53, CypA, CypD, and CypJ, to drive cellular apoptosis owing to broken dsDNA. Furthermore, translated viral proteins, such Vank86, 92, and 101, known to complex with transcription factor Dip3, positively regulated DHYS and DOHH transcription maintaining the activation of the eIF5A-hypusination. Mechanistically, MbBV-mediated extracellular vesicles contained inserted viral fragments that re-integrated into recipients, potentially via the homologous recombinant repair system. Meanwhile, this stimulation regulated activated caspase-3 levels via PI3K/AKT 308 and 473 dephosphorylation to promote apoptosis of granulocyte-like recipients Sf9 cell; maintaining PI3K/AKT 473 phosphorylation and 308 dephosphorylation inhibited caspase-3 activation leading to dismigration of plasmatocyte-like recipient High Five cells. Together, our results suggest that integration-mediated eIF5A hypusination drives extracellular vesicles for continuous immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang-Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Feng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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8
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Hu Y, Liang Y, Tian H, Xu C, Yu D, Zhang P, Ye H, Li M. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus regulates cyclophilin A-apoptosis-inducing factor interaction to induce cell apoptosis in the insect immunosuppressive process. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21877. [PMID: 35218062 PMCID: PMC9285338 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) induces apoptosis in hemocytes of the host (Spodoptera litura) via the cyclophilin A (CypA)-mediated signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying CypA-mediated signaling during apoptosis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how CypA and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) interact during MbBV-mediated apoptosis. Our findings showed that MbBV induces apoptosis through the CypA-AIF axis of insect immune suppression. In MbBV-infected Spli221 cells, both the expression of the cypa gene and the release of AIF from the mitochondria increased the number of apoptotic cells. CypA and AIF underwent concurrent cytoplasm-nuclear translocation. Conversely, blocking of AIF release from mitochondria not only inhibited the CypA-AIF interaction but also inhibited the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of AIF and CypA. Importantly, the survival of the apoptotic phenotype was significantly rescued in MbBV-infected Spli221 cells. In addition, we found that the cyclosporine A-mediated inhibition of CypA did not prevent the formation of the CypA and AIF complex; rather, this only suppressed genomic DNA fragmentation. In vitro experiments revealed direct molecular interactions between recombinant CypA and AIF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CypA-AIF interaction plays an important role in MbBV-induced innate immune suppression. This study will help to clarify aspects of insect immunological mechanisms and will be relevant to biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ya‐Ping Liang
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hang‐Yu Tian
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Cui‐Xian Xu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and RegulationsYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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9
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Wang ZH, Zhou YN, Ye XQ, Wu XT, Yang P, Shi M, Huang JH, Chen XX. CLP gene family, a new gene family of Cotesia vestalis bracovirus inhibits melanization of Plutella xylostella hemolymph. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1567-1581. [PMID: 33155403 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are obligatory symbionts of parasitoid wasps and play an important role in suppressing host immune defenses. Although PDV genes that inhibit host melanization are known in Microplitis bracovirus, the functional homologs in Cotesia bracoviruses remain unknown. Here, we find that Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) can inhibit hemolymph melanization of its host, Plutella xylostella larvae, during the early stages of parasitization, and that overexpression of highly expressed CvBV genes reduced host phenoloxidase activity. Furthermore, CvBV-7-1 in particular reduced host phenoloxidase activity within 12 h, and the injection of anti-CvBV-7-1 antibody increased the melanization of parasitized host larvae. Further analyses showed that CvBV-7-1 and three homologs from other Cotesia bracoviruses possessed a C-terminal leucine/isoleucine-rich region and had a similar function in inhibiting melanization. Therefore, a new family of bracovirus genes was proposed and named as C-terminal Leucine/isoleucine-rich Protein (CLP). Ectopic expression of CvBV-7-1 in Drosophila hemocytes increased susceptibility to bacterial repression of melanization and reduced the melanotic encapsulation of parasitized D. melanogaster by the parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. The formation rate of wasp pupae and the eclosion rate of C. vestalis were affected when the function of CvBV-7-1 was blocked. Our findings suggest that CLP genes from Cotesia bracoviruses encoded proteins that contain a C-terminal leucine/isoleucine-rich region and function as melanization inhibitors during the early stage of parasitization, which is important for successful parasitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Nan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Cai QC, Chen CX, Liu HY, Zhang W, Han YF, Zhang Q, Zhou GF, Xu S, Liu T, Xiao W, Zhu QS, Luo KJ. Interactions of Vank proteins from Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus with host Dip3 suppress eIF4E expression. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:103994. [PMID: 33417999 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) inhibits the immune response of the host Spodoptera litura by disrupting nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and downstream gene expression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we report that viral ankyrin (Vank) proteins interacted with host dorsal-interacting protein 3 (Dip3) to selectively inhibit the transcription of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E (eIF4E). Dip3 and Vank proteins were co-expressed and colocalized in the nucleus. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Dip3 rescued the transcription of some NF-κB-dependent genes suppressed by Vank proteins, including eIF4E. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays confirmed that Vank proteins interacted with and bound to full-length Dip3, which including MADF, DNA-binding protein, BESS, and protein-protein interaction motifs as well as non-motif sequences. In vivo, RNAi-mediated dip3 silencing decreased eIF4E levels and was accompanied by an immunosuppressive phenotype in S. litura. Our results provided novel insights into the regulation of host transcription during immune suppression by viral proteins that modulate nuclear NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Chang-Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Gui-Fang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Sha Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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11
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Wang Y, Wu X, Wang Z, Chen T, Zhou S, Chen J, Pang L, Ye X, Shi M, Huang J, Chen X. Symbiotic bracovirus of a parasite manipulates host lipid metabolism via tachykinin signaling. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009365. [PMID: 33647060 PMCID: PMC7951984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites alter host energy homeostasis for their own development, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. Here, we show that Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitic wasp of Plutella xylostella larvae, stimulates a reduction of host lipid levels. This process requires excess secretion of P. xylostella tachykinin (PxTK) peptides from enteroendocrine cells (EEs) in the midgut of the parasitized host larvae. We found that parasitization upregulates PxTK signaling to suppress lipogenesis in midgut enterocytes (ECs) in a non-cell-autonomous manner, and the reduced host lipid level benefits the development of wasp offspring and their subsequent parasitic ability. We further found that a C. vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) gene, CvBV 9–2, is responsible for PxTK induction, which in turn reduces the systemic lipid level of the host. Taken together, these findings illustrate a novel mechanism for parasite manipulation of host energy homeostasis by a symbiotic bracovirus gene to promote the development and increase the parasitic efficiency of an agriculturally important wasp species. Parasitic wasps are ubiquitous on earth and diverse. They lay eggs in or on the bodies of their hosts, and they have evolved adaptive strategies to regulate the energy metabolism of their hosts to match their own specific nutrition requirements. Here, we found that Cotesia vestalis, a solitary endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella, uses symbiotic bracovirus as a weapon to manipulate host systemic lipid levels. Specifically, a C. vestalis bracovirus (CvBV) gene, CvBV 9–2, is responsible for the induction of PxTK, which in turn suppresses lipogenesis in the midgut of the parasitized host, leading to a nutritional lipid level suitable for the development and subsequent parasitic efficiency of C. vestalis wasps. Our study provides innovative insights into the mechanisms by which parasitic wasps manipulate host lipid homeostasis and may help to expand our knowledge of other parasitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang ZH, Zhou YN, Yang J, Ye XQ, Shi M, Huang JH, Chen XX. Genome-Wide Profiling of Diadegma semiclausum Ichnovirus Integration in Parasitized Plutella xylostella Hemocytes Identifies Host Integration Motifs and Insertion Sites. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:608346. [PMID: 33519757 PMCID: PMC7843510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs), classified into two genera, bracoviruses (BVs) and ichnoviruses (IVs), are large, double-stranded DNA viruses, which are beneficial symbionts of parasitoid wasps. PDVs do not replicate in their infected lepidopteran hosts. BV circles have been demonstrated to be integrated into host genomic DNA after natural parasitization. However, the integrations of IV circles in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the integration of Diadegma semiclausum ichnovirus (DsIV) in the genomic DNA of parasitized Plutella xylostella hemocytes. We found that DsIV circles are present in host hemocytes with non-integrated and integrated forms. Moreover, DsIV integrates its DNA circles into the host genome by two distinct strategies, conservatively, and randomly. We also found that four conserved-broken circles share similar motifs containing two reverse complementary repeats at their breaking sites, which were host integration motifs (HIMs). We also predicted HIMs of eight circles from other ichnoviruses, indicating that a HIM-mediated specific mechanism was conserved in IV integrations. Investigation of DsIV circle insertion sites of the host genome revealed the enrichment of microhomologies between the host genome and the DsIV circles at integration breakpoints. These findings will deepen our understanding of the infections of PDVs, especially IVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Nan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Merlin BL, Cônsoli FL. Regulation of the Larval Transcriptome of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by Maternal and Other Factors of the Parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:1106. [PMID: 31555143 PMCID: PMC6742964 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Koinobiont endoparasitoid wasps regulate the host's physiology to their own benefit during their growth and development, using maternal, immature and/or derived-tissue weaponry. The tools used to subdue the wasps' hosts interfere directly with host transcription activity. The broad range of host tissues and pathways affected impedes our overall understanding of the host-regulation process during parasitoid development. Next-generation sequencing and de novo transcriptomes are helpful approaches to broad questions, including in non-model organisms. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing to assemble a de novo reference transcriptome of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, to investigate the regulation of host gene expression by the larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes. We obtained 174,809,358 reads and assembled 144,116 transcripts, of which 44,325 were putatively identified as lepidopteran genes and represented a substantial number of pathways that are well described in other lepidopteran species. Comparative transcriptome analyses of unparasitized versus parasitized larvae identified 1,432 transcripts of D. saccharalis that were up-regulated under parasitization by C. flavipes, while 1,027 transcripts were down-regulated. Comparison of the transcriptomes of unparasitized and pseudoparasitized D. saccharalis larvae led to the identification of 1,253 up-regulated transcripts and 972 down-regulated transcripts in the pseudoparasitized larvae. Analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts showed that C. flavipes regulated several pathways, including the Ca+2 transduction signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, chitin metabolism, and hormone biosynthesis and degradation, as well as the immune system, allowing us to identify key target genes involved in the metabolism and development of D. saccharalis.
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14
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Cui JH, Dong SM, Chen CX, Xiao W, Cai QC, Zhang LD, He HJ, Zhang W, Zhang XW, Liu T, Ding L, Yang Y, Lai JH, Zhu QS, Luo KJ. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus modulates innate immune suppression through the eIF4E-eIF4A axis in the insect Spodoptera litura. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:101-107. [PMID: 30776419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is regulated during the innate immune response. However, its translational regulation under innate immune suppression remains largely unexplored. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV), a symbiotic virus harbored by the parasitoid wasp, Microplitis bicoloratus, suppresses innate immunity in parasitized Spodoptera litura. Here, we generated eIF4E dsRNA and used it to silence the eIF4E gene of S. litura, resulting in a hallmark immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased apoptosis of hemocytes and retardation of head capsule width development. In response to natural parasitism, loss of eIF4E function was associated with similar immunosuppression, and we detected no significant differences between the response to parasitism and treatment with eIF4E RNAi. Under MbBV infection, eIF4E overexpression significantly suppressed MbBV-induced increase in apoptosis and suppressed apoptosis to the same extent as co-expression of both eIF4E and eIF4A. There were no significant differences between MbBV-infected and uninfected larvae in which eIF4E was overexpressed. More importantly, in the eIF4E RNAi strain, eIF4A RNAi did not increase apoptosis. Collectively, our results indicate that eIF4E plays a nodal role in the MbBV-suppressed innate immune response via the eIF4E-eIF4A axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Shu-Mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Chang-Xu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qiu-Cheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hao-Juan He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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15
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Burke GR. Common themes in three independently derived endogenous nudivirus elements in parasitoid wasps. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 32:28-35. [PMID: 31113628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs) are remnants of viral genomes that are permanently integrated into the genome of another organism. Parasitoid wasps have independently acquired nudivirus-derived EVEs in three lineages. Each parasitoid produces virions or virus-like particles (VLPs) that are injected into hosts during parasitism to function in subversion of host defenses. Comparing the inventory of nudivirus-like genes in different lineages of parasitoids can provide insights into the importance of each encoded function in virus or VLP production and parasitism success. Comparisons revealed the following conserved features: first, retention of genes encoding a viral RNA polymerase and infectivity factors; second, loss of the ancestral DNA polymerase gene; and third, signatures of viral ancestry in patterns of gene retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen R Burke
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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16
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Tian HY, Hu Y, Zhang P, Xing WX, Xu C, Yu D, Yang Y, Luo K, Li M. Spodoptera litura cyclophilin A is required for Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus-induced apoptosis during insect cellular immune response. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21534. [PMID: 30623473 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) is a polydnavirus found in the parasitic wasp M. bicoloratus. Although MbBV is a known inducer of apoptosis in host hemocytes, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive. In this study, we found that expression of cyclophilin A (CypA) was significantly upregulated in Spodoptera litura hemocytes at 6-day post-parasitization. Similar results were reported in High Five cells (Hi5 cells) infected by MbBV, suggesting that the upregulation of CypA is linked to MbBV infection in insect cells. cDNA encoding CypA was cloned from parasitized hemocytes of S. litura, and bioinformatic analyses showed that S. litura CypA belongs to the cyclophilin family of proteins. Overexpression of S. litura CypA in Hi5 cells revealed that the protein promotes MbBV-induced apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, suppression of the expression and activity of CypA protein significantly rescued the apoptotic phenotype observed in MbBV-infected Hi5 cells, suggesting that it plays a key role in this process. MbBV infection also promoted the cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of CypA in Hi5 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MbBV infection upregulates the expression of CypA, which is required for MbBV-mediated apoptosis. Our findings provide insight into the role that CypA plays in insect cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yu Tian
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Xing
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixian Xu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Luo
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang LD, Cai QC, Cui JH, Zhang W, Dong SM, Xiao W, Li J, Kou TC, Zhang XW, He HJ, Ding L, Yang Y, Lai JH, Li M, Zhu QS, Luo KJ. A secreted-Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Microplitis bicoloratus reduces reactive oxygen species triggered by symbiotic bracovirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:129-139. [PMID: 30471301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the parasitoid/polydnavirus/host system, polydnaviruses protect larva development in the host hemocoel by suppressing the host immune response. However, the negative effects on the parasitoid and the strategy of the parasitoid to deal with this disadvantage are still unknown. Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus induces granulocyte apoptosis to suppress immune responses, resulting in an apoptotic haemolymph environment in which immature M. bicoloratus larva develop. Here, we determined the transcriptional profiles of immature M. bicoloratus across five time-points throughout the immature developmental process from egg to third instar. Dynamic gene expression pattern analysis revealed clear rapid changes in gene expression characteristic of each developmental stage, indicating faster sequential unambiguous functional division during development. Combined with the proteome of the host haemolymph, immature parasitoids likely secreted a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase to reduce reactive oxygen species generation by symbiotic bracovirus. These data established a basis for further studies of parasitoid/host interactions and identified a novel positive self-protection mechanism for the parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qiu-Cheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Shu-Mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- Genomics-center, InGene Biotech (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shengzhen, 518081, PR China
| | - Tian-Chao Kou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hao-Juan He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease & Pest in Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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18
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Cryo-EM structure reveals cylindrical nucleocapsids from two polydnaviruses. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3357-3363. [PMID: 30173353 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bracovirus is one of the two polydnavirus genera. Here, we used a cryo-EM analysis to reveal the near-native morphology of two nucleocapsid-containing model bracoviruses: Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) and Microplitis mediator bracovirus (MmBV). MbBV and MmBV nucleocapsids have discernable cap structures in two distal regions with relatively high electron density. Adjacent to the end-cap structures are two electron-lucent rings. Some nucleocapsids were uniformly electron-dense and had a distinctive "helix-tail-like structure". Cryo-EM revealed inconsistent nucleocapsid diameters of 34-69.9 nm in MbBV and 46-69.9 nm in MmBV, and the largest observed cylindrical area length was expanded to 126 nm.
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19
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Ye XQ, Shi M, Huang JH, Chen XX. Parasitoid polydnaviruses and immune interaction with secondary hosts. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:124-129. [PMID: 29352983 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are obligatory symbionts with parasitoid wasps. The PDV virions are produced solely in wasp (the primary host) calyx cells. They are injected into caterpillar hosts (the secondary host) during parasitoid oviposition, where they express irreplaceable actions to ensure survival and development of wasp larvae. Some of PDV gene products suppress host immune responses while others alter host growth, metabolism or endocrine system. Here, we treat new findings on PDV gene products and their action on immunity within secondary hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qian Ye
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Dong SM, Cui JH, Zhang W, Zhang XW, Kou TC, Cai QC, Xu S, You S, Yu DS, Ding L, Lai JH, Li M, Luo KJ. Inhibition of translation initiation factor eIF4A is required for apoptosis mediated by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:e21423. [PMID: 28940716 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic hemocytes induced by Microplitis bicoloratus parasitism have been reported, and M. bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) is known to be the apoptosis inducer. However, the mechanism how MbBV regulates apoptosis remains unclear. eIF4A, one of translation initiation factors, was found from a Spodoptera litura transcriptome, the expression of which in the parasitized hemocytes of S. litura was inhibited in RT-qPCR analysis. The western blot also illustrated eIF4A at 6-day post-parasitization was inhibited in hemocytes. For testing interaction of MbBV-eIF4A-apoptosis, a cDNA clone encoding 1,266 bp of eIF4A was obtained from S. litura hemocytes and sequenced. Then, a 48 kDa V5-fusion protein of the eIF4A was detected by using the anti-V5 antibody at 72-h post-transfection in the High Five cells, which is located in the cell cytoplasm. In vitro, overexpression of eIF4A rescued the apoptotic High Five cells induced by MbBV. Conversely, in vivo, loss of eIF4A proteins by dsRNA feeding increased apoptosis of hemocytes. Furthermore, RNAi and parasitism significantly increased apoptosis of hemocytes in S. litura. These findings suggested that MbBV inhibited the expression of eIF4A, which was required for apoptosis mediated by MbBV. This study will contribute to biological pest control and enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying polydnavirus-parasitoid-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hui Cui
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Chao Kou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shan You
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Shuai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China
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