1
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Le TTH, Than TT, Lai TNH, Le VP. Stixis scandens leaf extract-loading ZnO nanoparticles for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8779-8789. [PMID: 38495987 PMCID: PMC10938554 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is one of the diseases that causes great losses for livestock farmers. Because vaccines against the disease are not very effective, there is a great demand for biological products with effective resistance to PED virus (PEDV). One of the most important trends today is the use of active ingredients from nature in animal husbandry. This study aimed to create an effective agent against PEDV from the extract of Stixis scandens, which has been shown to inhibit PEDV. The aqueous (denoted as TCN) and ethanolic extracts (denoted as TCC) of Stixis scandens leaves were first prepared and then qualitatively analyzed for their chemical compositions. The TCN was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) at various sizes from 20 to 120 nm. Subsequently, TCC was loaded on ZnO NPs to form ZnO-extract nanoformulations with an extract loading content of 5.8-7.6%. Total polyphenols (TP) and total alkaloids (TA) in TCC were 38.51 ± 0.25 μg GAE per mg and 22.37 ± 0.41 μg AtrE per mg, respectively. TP was less loaded but more released from the nanoformulations than TA. The A1T nanoformulation, containing only 7.6% extract, had a minimum PEDV inhibitory concentration of 3.9 μg mL-1, which was comparable to that of TCC. The experiments confirmed that the nanoformulations are promising for PEDV inhibition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Le
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Tam Than
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology Trau Quy, Gia Lam Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngọc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Hanoi Vietnam
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2
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Bai W, Zhu Q, Wang J, Jiang L, Guo D, Li C, Xing X, Sun D. Licorice extract inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:001964. [PMID: 38471043 PMCID: PMC10999743 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and even death in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Because of the ongoing mutation of PEDV, there might be variations between the vaccine strain and the prevailing strain, causing the vaccine to not offer full protection against different PEDV variant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anti-PEDV drugs to compensate for vaccines. This study confirmed the anti-PEDV effect of licorice extract (Le) in vitro and in vivo. Le inhibited PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By exploring the effect of Le on the life cycle of PEDV, we found that Le inhibited the attachment, internalization, and replication stages of the virus. In vivo, all five piglets in the PEDV-infected group died within 72 h. In comparison, the Le-treated group had a survival rate of 80 % at the same time, with significant relief of clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggested that Le can exert anti-PEDV effects in vitro and in vivo. Le is effective and inexpensive; therefore it has the potential to be developed as a new anti-PEDV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Qinghe Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Limin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Xiaoxu Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China
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Li X, Wu Y, Yan Z, Li G, Luo J, Huang S, Guo X. A Comprehensive View on the Protein Functions of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:165. [PMID: 38397155 PMCID: PMC10887554 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus (PEDV) is one of the main pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets and fattening pigs. The clinical signs of PED are vomiting, acute diarrhea, dehydration, and mortality resulting in significant economic losses and becoming a major challenge in the pig industry. PEDV possesses various crucial structural and functional proteins, which play important roles in viral structure, infection, replication, assembly, and release, as well as in escaping host innate immunity. Over the past few years, there has been progress in the study of PEDV pathogenesis, revealing the crucial role of the interaction between PEDV viral proteins and host cytokines in PEDV infection. At present, the main control measure against PEDV is vaccine immunization of sows, but the protective effect for emerging virus strains is still insufficient, and there is no ideal safe and efficient vaccine. Although scientists have persistently delved their research into the intricate structure and functionalities of the PEDV genome and viral proteins for years, the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV remains incompletely elucidated. Here, we focus on reviewing the research progress of PEDV structural and nonstructural proteins to facilitate the understanding of biological processes such as PEDV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Yiwan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (G.L.); (J.L.)
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
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4
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Liu M, Wang Q, Xu W, Wu J, Xu X, Yang H, Li X. Natural products for treating cytokine storm-related diseases: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115555. [PMID: 37776639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cytokine storm (CS) is a rapidly occurring, complex, and highly lethal systemic acute inflammatory response induced by pathogens and other factors. Currently, no clinical therapeutic drugs are available with a significant effect and minimal side effects. Given the pathogenesis of CS, natural products have become important resources for bioactive agents in the discovery of anti-CS drugs. PURPOSE This study aimed to provide guidance for preventing and treating CS-related diseases by reviewing the natural products identified to inhibit CS in recent years. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted on CS and natural products, utilizing databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. The quality of the studies was evaluated and summarized for further analysis. RESULTS This study summarized more than 30 types of natural products, including 9 classes of flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids, among others. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that these natural products could effectively inhibit CS via nuclear factor kappa-B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Moreover, the enzyme inhibition assays revealed that more than 20 chemical components had the potential to inhibit ACE2, 3CL-protease, and papain-like protease activity. The experimental results were obtained using advanced technologies such as biochips and omics. CONCLUSIONS Various natural compounds in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts could directly or indirectly inhibit CS occurrence, potentially serving as effective drugs for treating CS-related diseases. This study may guide further exploration of the therapeutic effects and biochemical mechanisms of natural products on CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanai Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xingyue Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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5
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Huang Z, Zhang W, Su L, Ma G, Guo J, Zhao Y, Huang W, Zhang W, El-Ashram S, Li Z. Isolation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri Strain with Anti-porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Swine Feces. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10138-7. [PMID: 37589785 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea diseases in piglets, which has brought huge economic losses to the pig industry. As the dominant Lactobacillus species in the piglet intestine, the antiviral effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has been reported. Nine L. reuteri strains were isolated and identified from swine feces in this study. The CCK-8 assay examined the anti-PEDV potential of their cell-free supernatant (CFS). Among the nine L. reuteri isolates examined, LRC8 had a higher inhibition rate to PEDV than the other strains. Thus, the biological properties of the LRC8 strain, such as growth ability, acid production ability, acid and bile salt tolerance, and adhesion to IPEC-J2 cells, were evaluated. Besides, the anti-PEDV activity of LRC8-CFS (LRC8 metabolites, LRM) was assessed using plaque reduction assays, indirect immunofluorescence assays, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. The mRNA relative expression levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP1, and TNF-α were determined by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the LRC8 strain grew well, was resistant to acid, tolerated bile salts, and adhered strongly to IPEC-J2 cells. In addition, treatment with its CFS (LRM) dramatically downregulated the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and in the Vero cell culture, prophylactic, therapeutic, competitive, and direct-inhibitory actions were seen against PEDV. Finally, we explored the anti-PEDV effects of the LRC8 strain in piglets and found that the LRC8 strain effectively relieved the clinical symptoms and intestinal damage of piglets infected by PEDV. To sum up, we found a L. reuteri strain with an anti-PEDV effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Huang
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Langju Su
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guangmiao Ma
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | | | | | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Zhili Li
- Collage of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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Zuo J, Meng T, Wang Y, Tang W. A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050641. [PMID: 37242424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses a wide range of therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is the active metabolite of GL. GL and its metabolites have a wide range of antiviral activities against viruses, such as, the hepatitis virus, herpes virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and so on. Although their antiviral activity has been widely reported, the specific mechanism of action involving multiple links such as the virus itself, cells, and immunity are not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of GL and its metabolites as antiviral agents, and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of actions. Analyzing antivirals, their signaling, and the impacts of tissue and autoimmune protection may provide promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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7
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Liang JQ, Xie MY, Hou LJ, Wang HL, Luo JY, Sun JJ, Xi QY, Jiang QY, Chen T, Zhang YL. miRNAs derived from milk small extracellular vesicles inhibit porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105579. [PMID: 36907442 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causes acute diarrhea and/or vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in neonatal piglets. It has caused huge economic losses to animal husbandry worldwide. Current commercial PEDV vaccines do not provide enough protection against variant and evolved virus strains. No specific drugs are available to treat PEDV infection. The development of more effective therapeutic anti-PEDV agents is urgently needed. Our previous study suggested that porcine milk small extracellular vesicles (sEV) facilitate intestinal tract development and prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury. However, the effects of milk sEV during viral infection remain unclear. Our study found that porcine milk sEV, which was isolated and purified by differential ultracentrifugation, could inhibit PEDV replication in IPEC-J2 and Vero cells. Simultaneously, we constructed a PEDV infection model for piglet intestinal organoids and found that milk sEV also inhibited PEDV infection. Subsequently, in vivo experiments showed that milk sEV pre-feeding exerted robust protection of piglets from PEDV-induced diarrhea and mortality. Strikingly, we found that the miRNAs extracted from milk sEV inhibited PEDV infection. miRNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification demonstrated that miR-let-7e and miR-27b, which were identified in milk sEV targeted PEDV N and host HMGB1, suppressed viral replication. Taken together, we revealed the biological function of milk sEV in resisting PEDV infection and proved its cargo miRNAs, miR-let-7e and miR-27b, possess antiviral functions. This study is the first description of the novel function of porcine milk sEV in regulating PEDV infection. It provides a better understanding of milk sEV resistance to coronavirus infection, warranting further studies to develop sEV as an attractive antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi Liang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Mei-Ying Xie
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, China
| | - Lian-Jie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jun-Yi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qing-Yan Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Li C, Han P, Mao H, Lv C, Huang K, Jin M. Glycyrrhizic Acid-Based Carbonized Dots Boost Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus via Multisite Inhibition Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10441-10451. [PMID: 36789721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IVA) has been continuously causing pandemics in several animal hosts and has become a worldwide public health threat. Currently, antiviral drugs have become associated with a lot of side effects and limited activity against emerging drug-resistant influenza viruses. Therefore, the development of novel antiviral drugs is of great importance. In this study, we synthesized a kind of carbon dots (CDs) with high dispersibility from glycyrrhizic acid (GA) using a simple dry heating method. Compared with glycyrrhizic acid alone, GA-CDs exhibit superior solubility and significantly improve the antiviral property against IVA. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that GA-CDs act against IVA mainly by inhibiting viral internalization, replication of the viral genome, neuraminidase activity, and host inflammatory responses. More importantly, in a mouse model, GA-CDs can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms and decrease mortality and lung viral titers. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that GA-CDs possess extraordinary therapeutic effects; therefore, we propose that GA-CDs may be a promising alternative therapy for IVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Han
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Changjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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Rao H, Su W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li T, Li J, Zeng X, Li P. Hypericum japonicum extract inhibited porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1112610. [PMID: 37138845 PMCID: PMC10149974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes lethal watery diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets, leading to huge economic losses in the global swine industry. Currently, the existing commercial vaccines cannot fully control PEDV, so it is urgent to develop effective antiviral agents to complement vaccine therapy. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of Hypericum japonicum extract (HJ) against PEDV in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro assays, HJ could directly inactivate PEDV strains; moreover, it inhibited the proliferation of PEDV strains in Vero or IPI-FX cells at its non-cytotoxic concentrations. Time of addition assays revealed that HJ mainly inhibited PEDV at the later stages of the viral life cycle. In in vivo, compared with the model group, HJ could reduce the viral titers in the intestines of infected piglets, and improve their intestinal pathological, indicating that HJ could protect the newborn piglets from highly pathogenic PEDV variant infection. Furthermore, this effect may be related to the fact that HJ can not only directly inhibit viruses, but also regulate the structure of intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, our results indicate that Hypericum japonicum could inhibit PEDV replication in vitro and in vivo and might possess the potential to develop as the anti-PEDV drug.
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10
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García-Salazar G, Urbán-Morlán Z, Mendoza-Elvira S, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Mendoza S. Broad Antiviral Spectrum of Glycyrrhizic Acid for Human and Veterinary Medicine: Reality or Fiction? Intervirology 2022; 66:41-53. [PMID: 36455522 PMCID: PMC10015762 DOI: 10.1159/000528198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging virus infections provoke health problems in people and animals, which generate social and economic issues worldwide. This has spurred the search for new pharmacological strategies to confront them. SUMMARY The purpose of this review is to draw the reader's attention to pharmacological evaluations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its analogs on the broad range of viruses known in human and veterinary medicine. GA is the main water-soluble constituent extracted from the roots of plants from the genus Glycyrrhiza, commonly known as licorice root. It has long been used due to its broad spectrum of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antitumor properties. It has also been proposed as an antiviral agent. Medicines derived from GA are currently being used to combat acute and chronic hepatitis and herpes viruses. KEY MESSAGES This review suggests that GA could be a new broad-spectrum antiviral due to its ability to inhibit DNA or RNA viruses both in vitro and in vivo. GA could be a potential drug for preventing and/or treating various viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto García-Salazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico,
| | - Zaida Urbán-Morlán
- Facultad de Química, Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Susana Mendoza-Elvira
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Virología de las Enfermedades Respiratorias del Cerdo, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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11
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Banerjee S, Baidya SK, Adhikari N, Ghosh B, Jha T. Glycyrrhizin as a promising kryptonite against SARS-CoV-2: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical evidences. J Mol Struct 2022; 1275:134642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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A Review of Bioactive Compounds against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102217. [PMID: 36298772 PMCID: PMC9607050 DOI: 10.3390/v14102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig diarrhea is a universal problem in the process of pig breeding, which seriously affects the development of the pig industry. Porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECoVs) are common pathogens causing diarrhea in pigs, currently including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). With the prosperity of world transportation and trade, the spread of viruses is becoming wider and faster, making it even more necessary to prevent PECoVs. In this paper, the host factors required for the efficient replication of these CoVs and the compounds that exhibit inhibitory effects on them were summarized to promote the development of drugs against PECoVs. This study will be also helpful in discovering general host factors that affect the replication of CoVs and provide references for the prevention and treatment of other CoVs.
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13
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Zhang K, Lin S, Li J, Deng S, Zhang J, Wang S. Modulation of Innate Antiviral Immune Response by Porcine Enteric Coronavirus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845137. [PMID: 35237253 PMCID: PMC8882816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Host’s innate immunity is the front-line defense against viral infections, but some viruses have evolved multiple strategies for evasion of antiviral innate immunity. The porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs) consist of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which cause lethal diarrhea in neonatal pigs and threaten the swine industry worldwide. PECs interact with host cells to inhibit and evade innate antiviral immune responses like other coronaviruses. Moreover, the immune escape of porcine enteric coronaviruses is the key pathogenic mechanism causing infection. Here, we review the most recent advances in the interactions between viral and host’s factors, focusing on the mechanisms by which viral components antagonize interferon (IFN)-mediated innate antiviral immune responses, trying to shed light on new targets and strategies effective for controlling and eliminating porcine enteric coronaviruses.
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14
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The Antiviral Effect of Panax Notoginseng Polysaccharides by Inhibiting PRV Adsorption and Replication In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041254. [PMID: 35209042 PMCID: PMC8880127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine pseudorabies (PR) is an important infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), which poses a major threat to food safety and security. Vaccine immunization has become the main means to prevent and control the disease. However, since 2011, a new PRV variant has caused huge economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. Panax notoginseng polysaccharides have immunomodulatory activity and other functions, but the antiviral effect has not been reported. We studied the anti-PRV activity of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides in vitro. A less cytopathic effect was observed by increasing the concentration of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides. Western blot, TCID50, plaque assay, and IFA revealed that Panax notoginseng polysaccharides could significantly inhibit the infectivity of PRV XJ5 on PK15 cells. In addition, we also found that Panax notoginseng polysaccharides blocked the adsorption and replication of PRV to PK15 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that Panax notoginseng polysaccharides play an antiviral effect mainly by inhibiting virus adsorption and replication in vitro. Therefore, Panax notoginseng polysaccharides may be a potential anti-PRV agent.
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15
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Construction of a Recombinant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Encoding Nanoluciferase for High-Throughput Screening of Natural Antiviral Products. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091866. [PMID: 34578449 PMCID: PMC8473292 DOI: 10.3390/v13091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the predominant cause of an acute, highly contagious enteric disease in neonatal piglets. There are currently no approved drugs against PEDV infection. Here, we report the development of a nanoluciferase (NLuc)-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform to identify novel anti-PEDV compounds. We constructed a full-length cDNA clone for a cell-adapted PEDV strain YN150. Using reverse genetics, we replaced the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) in the viral genome with an NLuc gene to engineer a recombinant PEDV expressing NLuc (rPEDV-NLuc). rPEDV-NLuc produced similar plaque morphology and showed similar growth kinetics compared with the wild-type PEDV in vitro. Remarkably, the level of luciferase activity could be stably detected in rPEDV-NLuc-infected cells and exhibited a strong positive correlation with the viral titers. Given that NLuc expression represents a direct readout of PEDV replication, anti-PEDV compounds could be easily identified by quantifying the NLuc activity. Using this platform, we screened for the anti-PEDV compounds from a library of 803 natural products and identified 25 compounds that could significantly inhibit PEDV replication. Interestingly, 7 of the 25 identified compounds were natural antioxidants, including Betulonic acid, Ursonic acid, esculetin, lithocholic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and grape seed extract. As expected, all of the antioxidants could potently reduce PEDV-induced oxygen species production, which, in turn, inhibit PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings provide a powerful platform for the rapid screening of promising therapeutic compounds against PEDV infection.
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16
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Zhai X, Wang N, Jiao H, Zhang J, Li C, Ren W, Reiter RJ, Su S. Melatonin and other indoles show antiviral activities against swine coronaviruses in vitro at pharmacological concentrations. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12754. [PMID: 34139040 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlights major gaps in our knowledge on the prevention control and cross-species transmission mechanisms of animal coronaviruses. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) are three common swine coronaviruses and have similar clinical features. In the absence of effective treatments, they have led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. We reported that indoles exerted potent activity against swine coronaviruses, the molecules used included melatonin, indole, tryptamine, and L-tryptophan. Herein, we did further systematic studies with melatonin, a ubiquitous and versatile molecule, and found it inhibited TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection in PK-15, Vero, or LLC-PK1 cells by reducing viral entry and replication, respectively. Collectively, we provide the molecular basis for the development of new treatments based on the ability of indoles to control TGEV, PEDV, and PDCoV infection and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhai
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houqi Jiao
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shuo Su
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Huan C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Guo T, Pan H, Gao S. Research Progress on the Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin and its Derivatives in Liquorice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680674. [PMID: 34295250 PMCID: PMC8290359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquorice is a traditional medicine. Triterpenoids such as glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid are the main active constituents of liquorice. Studies have revealed that these compounds exert inhibitory effects on several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The main mechanisms of action of these compounds include inhibition of virus replication, direct inactivation of viruses, inhibition of inflammation mediated by HMGB1/TLR4, inhibition of β-chemokines, reduction in the binding of HMGB1 to DNA to weaken the activity of viruses, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation. We herein review the research progress on the antiviral effects of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives. In addition, we emphasise the significance of exploring unknown antiviral mechanisms, structural modifications, and drug combinations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haochun Pan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
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18
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Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Xu L, Liu Y, Jiang G, Wang W, Li B, Zhu T, Tan Q, Tang L, Zhou H, Huang X, Shan H. Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticles as Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Agents for COVID-19 Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20995-21006. [PMID: 33930273 PMCID: PMC8117399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been diffusely pandemic around the world, characterized by massive morbidity and mortality. One of the remarkable threats associated with mortality may be the uncontrolled inflammatory processes, which were induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients. As there are no specific drugs, exploiting safe and effective treatment strategies is an instant requirement to dwindle viral damage and relieve extreme inflammation simultaneously. Here, highly biocompatible glycyrrhizic acid (GA) nanoparticles (GANPs) were synthesized based on GA. In vitro investigations revealed that GANPs inhibit the proliferation of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59 and reduce proinflammatory cytokine production caused by MHV-A59 or the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. In an MHV-A59-induced surrogate mouse model of COVID-19, GANPs specifically target areas with severe inflammation, such as the lungs, which appeared to improve the accumulation of GANPs and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Further, GANPs also exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, relieving organ damage and conferring a significant survival advantage to infected mice. Such a novel therapeutic agent can be readily manufactured into feasible treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Zhao
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuchen Xiao
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan
People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department
of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital
of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Tianchuan Zhu
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qingqin Tan
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lantian Tang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan
People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center
for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated
Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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19
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Xie Y, Guo X, Hu T, Wei D, Ma X, Wu J, Huang B, Shen J. Significant Inhibition of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro by Remdesivir, Its Parent Nucleoside and β-D-N 4-hydroxycytidine. Virol Sin 2021; 36:997-1005. [PMID: 33751399 PMCID: PMC7983969 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is widespread in the world. In recent years, the increased virulence of the virus due to viral variations, has caused great economic losses to the pig industry in many countries. It is always worthy to find effective therapeutic methods for PED. As an important class of antivirals, nucleoside drugs which target viral polymerases have been applied in treating human viral infections for half a century. Herein, we evaluated the anti-PEDV potential of three broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside analogs, remdesivir (RDV), its parent nucleoside (RDV-N) and β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC). Among them, RDV-N was the most active agent in Vero E6 cells with EC50 of 0.31 μmol/L, and more potent than RDV (EC50 = 0.74 μmol/L) and NHC (EC50 = 1.17 μmol/L). The activity of RDV-N was further confirmed using an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay. Moreover, RDV-N exhibited a good safety profile in cells and in mice. The high sequence similarity of the polymerase functional domains of PEDV with other five porcine coronaviruses indicated a broader antiviral spectrum for the three compounds. Generally, RDV-N is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside, and it would be worthy to make some structural modifications to increase its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daibao Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250023, China.
| | - Jingshan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Wang G, Hiramoto K, Ma N, Yoshikawa N, Ohnishi S, Murata M, Kawanishi S. Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Carcinogenesis by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response in a Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052609. [PMID: 33807620 PMCID: PMC7961658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL), an important active ingredient of licorice root, which weakens the proinflammatory effects of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by blocking HMGB1 signaling. In this study, we investigated whether GL could suppress inflammation and carcinogenesis in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of colorectal cancer. ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 5, each)—control group, GL group, colon cancer (CC) group, and GL-treated CC (CC + GL) group, and sacrificed after 20 weeks. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colonic tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained with DNA damage markers (8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxy-guanosine), inflammatory markers (COX-2 and HMGB1), and stem cell markers (YAP1 and SOX9). The average number of colonic tumors and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the CC + GL group were significantly lower than those in the CC group. The levels of all inflammatory and cancer markers were significantly reduced in the CC + GL group. These results suggest that GL inhibits the inflammatory response by binding HMGB1, thereby inhibiting DNA damage and cancer stem cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. In conclusion, GL significantly attenuates the pathogenesis of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer by inhibiting HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Sakuranomori Shiroko Home, Social Service Elderly Facilities, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-0816, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan; (K.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan;
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 510-0226, Japan
| | - Nobuji Yoshikawa
- Matsusaka R&D Center, Cokey Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie 515-0041, Japan;
| | - Shiho Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan; (K.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-59-231-5011 (M.M.); +81-59-340-0550 (S.K.)
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.K.); Tel.: +81-59-231-5011 (M.M.); +81-59-340-0550 (S.K.)
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21
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Berezin V, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Alexyuk M, Alexyuk P. Plant Metabolites as Antiviral Preparations Against Coronaviruses. J Med Food 2021; 24:1028-1038. [PMID: 33689397 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019-2020, the Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 pandemic created a serious challenge for health care systems in several countries worldwide. A cure has not been developed yet and currently used treatment protocols are aimed at relieving clinical symptoms of the disease. This article presents a retrospective review of biologically active compounds of plant origin that can inhibit the reproduction of CoVs, which makes them potential candidates for creating medicinal antiviral preparations against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 infections. A literature review of articles from highly rated journals was performed using public databases. The search was carried out using keywords related to CoVs, targets for therapy, and plant as antiviral agents. Although inhibition of viral replication is often considered the common mechanism of antiviral activity exerted by most natural products, several plant-derived compounds show specific activity for particular target viruses. In this context, certain classes of plant preparations can serve as a basis for designing modern antiviral agents. In addition, a large number of plant compounds that are potentially active against CoVs are the main components of certain common dietary supplements that can be used to improve the resistance of a population against certain respiratory infections. In this review, we have attempted to characterize the main groups of biologically active plant compounds that have the potential to disrupt the key stages of CoV replication. It has been shown that the use of certain herbal preparations can change the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Berezin
- Research and Production Center fоr Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Madina Alexyuk
- Research and Production Center fоr Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Pavel Alexyuk
- Research and Production Center fоr Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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22
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Huan C, Xu W, Ni B, Guo T, Pan H, Jiang L, Li L, Yao J, Gao S. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, the Main Polyphenol in Green Tea, Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628526. [PMID: 33692691 PMCID: PMC7937899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no licensed drugs against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), but vaccines are available. We identified a natural molecule, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol in green tea, which is effective against infection with PEDV. We used a variety of methods to test its effects on PEDV in Vero cells. Our experiments show that EGCG can effectively inhibit PEDV infections (with HLJBY and CV777 strains) at different time points in the infection using western blot analysis. We found that EGCG inhibited PEDV infection in a dose-dependent manner 24 h after the infection commenced using western blotting, plaque formation assays, immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). We discovered that EGCG treatment of Vero cells decreased PEDV attachment and entry into them by the same method analysis. Western blotting also showed that PEDV replication was inhibited by EGCG treatment. Whereas EGCG treatment was found to inhibit PEDV assembly, it had no effect on PEDV release. In summary, EGCG acts against PEDV infection by inhibiting PEDV attachment, entry, replication, and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Ni
- China Animal Health And Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haochun Pan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Yao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
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23
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Vougogiannopoulou K, Corona A, Tramontano E, Alexis MN, Skaltsounis AL. Natural and Nature-Derived Products Targeting Human Coronaviruses. Molecules 2021; 26:448. [PMID: 33467029 PMCID: PMC7831024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (HCoV), has brought the international scientific community before a state of emergency that needs to be addressed with intensive research for the discovery of pharmacological agents with antiviral activity. Potential antiviral natural products (NPs) have been discovered from plants of the global biodiversity, including extracts, compounds and categories of compounds with activity against several viruses of the respiratory tract such as HCoVs. However, the scarcity of natural products (NPs) and small-molecules (SMs) used as antiviral agents, especially for HCoVs, is notable. This is a review of 203 publications, which were selected using PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, evaluates the available literature since the discovery of the first human coronavirus in the 1960s; it summarizes important aspects of structure, function, and therapeutic targeting of HCoVs as well as NPs (19 total plant extracts and 204 isolated or semi-synthesized pure compounds) with anti-HCoV activity targeting viral and non-viral proteins, while focusing on the advances on the discovery of NPs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and providing a critical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Vougogiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Biomedical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, E block, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS55409042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Biomedical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, E block, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS55409042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Michael N. Alexis
- Molecular Endocrinology Team, Inst of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
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24
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Bagheri A, Moezzi SMI, Mosaddeghi P, Nadimi Parashkouhi S, Fazel Hoseini SM, Badakhshan F, Negahdaripour M. Interferon-inducer antivirals: Potential candidates to combat COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107245. [PMID: 33348292 PMCID: PMC7705326 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infective disease generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the pandemic urgency and lack of an effective cure for this disease, drug repurposing could open the way for finding a solution. Lots of investigations are ongoing to test the compounds already identified as antivirals. On the other hand, induction of type I interferons are found to play an important role in the generation of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it was opined that the antivirals capable of triggering the interferons and their signaling pathway, could rationally be beneficial for treating COVID-19. On this basis, using a database of antivirals, called drugvirus, some antiviral agents were derived, followed by searches on their relevance to interferon induction. The examined list included drugs from different categories such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, anti-cancers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), calcium channel blocker compounds, and some others. The results as briefed here, could help in finding potential drug candidates for COVID-19 treatment. However, their advantages and risks should be taken into account through precise studies, considering a systemic approach. Even though the adverse effects of some of these drugs may overweight their benefits, considering their mechanisms and structures may give a clue for designing novel drugs in the future. Furthermore, the antiviral effect and IFN-modifying mechanisms possessed by some of these drugs might lead to a synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2, which deserve to be evaluated in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadra Nadimi Parashkouhi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Fazel Hoseini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Badakhshan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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25
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Li H, Hu Y, Tang H, Li S, Ding H, Zhai S, Zhao R. The Potential of Glycyrrhizinate in the Management of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Glycyrrhizin Preparations in the Treatment of SARS and MERS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1539-1552. [PMID: 33202150 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2019 highlighted the fact that no specific medications providing effective treatment have been identified and approved. We explored the possibilities for COVID-19 by systematically reviewing evidence on the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin preparations for SARS and MERS. Electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2020 for eligible studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin preparations for SARS and MERS. A quantitative analysis or descriptive analysis was applied. Five retrospective cohort studies were included, and NOS scores ranged from 5-7 points. The clinical symptoms of dry cough, chest distress and dyspnoea improved quickly, and elevated serum levels of aminotransferase decreased after compound glycyrrhizin treatment. The SARS-CoV antibody appeared earlier in the treated group than in the control group ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]d). Compared to that with conventional medications, the average period from peak to 50% improvement of lesions, in terms of X-ray manifestations, was shorter with compound glycyrrhizin treatment ([Formula: see text]2.1[Formula: see text]d), and treatment reduced the dosage ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mg/d) and duration of the corticosteroids used, without other serious adverse reactions. Based on the available evidence regarding glycyrrhizin preparations for treating SARS and MERS, we infer that compound glycyrrhizin could be an optional therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially those complicated with liver damage. Further research using well-designed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is warranted to determine the dosage and duration of use of compound glycyrrhizin and to monitor its specific adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Tang
- Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, P. R. China
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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26
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Peng P, Liu Y, Huang M, Ma Y, Xue C, Cao Y. Aloe extract inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2020; 249:108849. [PMID: 32979750 PMCID: PMC7491386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhoea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets, leading to significant economic losses to the swine industry. Currently there are no adequate control strategies against circulating PEDV variants, making an urgent need to exploit effect antiviral therapies to compensate for vaccines. Here, we report that Aloe extract can hamper completely the proliferation of PEDV at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 16 mg/mL determined by CCK-8 assay in Vero and IPEC-J2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, time course analysis indicated the extract exerted its inhibition at the late stage of the viral life cycle. Moreover, we also confirmed that the extract can inactivated PEDV directly but did not act on the viral genome and S1 protein. Importantly, the extract at a relatively safety concentration of 100 mg/kg of body weight, which was confirmed in mice, could reduce virus load and pathological change in intestinal tract of pigs and protect newborn piglets from lethal challenge with highly pathogenic PEDV variant GDS01 infection, indicating that Aloe extract efficiently inhibited PEDV infection in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that the aqueous extract from the Aloe could inhibit PEDV replication in vitro and in vivo and might be a good target for drug development against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meiyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yehuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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27
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Chen J, Cui Y, Wang Z, Liu G. Identification and characterization of PEDV infection in rat crypt epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2020; 249:108848. [PMID: 32979749 PMCID: PMC7497550 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rat crypt epithelial cells (IEC-6) were highly susceptible to different subtypes of PEDV. The PEDV replication capacity in IEC-6 cells was similar to Vero cells and superior to that in IPEC-J2 cells. PEDV infection activated a robust immune response in IEC-6 cells.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a devastating enteric disease to the world's swine production. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), as the PED causative agent, has been commonly propagated and investigated in Vero cells, as well as in IPEC-J2, a porcine epithelial cell-jejunum 2. However, Vero cells, which are defective in interferon production, cannot represent the host response in enteric cells while PEDV replicates poorly in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we observed that rat crypt epithelial cells (IEC-6) were highly susceptible to different subtypes of PEDV. The replication kinetics of PEDV in IEC-6 cells is similar to that in Vero cells, but it is much higher than in IPEC-J2 cells. Besides that, PEDV infection in IEC-6 cells can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and interferon, especially the type III IFNs. Collectively, our findings suggest that IEC-6 is an ideal cell line for PEDV replication and immune response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Zemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
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28
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Mai ZH, Huang Y, Huang D, Huang ZS, He ZX, Li PL, Zhang S, Weng JF, Gu WL. Reversine and herbal Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi decoction ameliorate thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury by regulating the RelA/NF-κB/caspase signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:696-710. [PMID: 33817258 PMCID: PMC7747499 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of reversine and Chinese medicine Xiang–Sha–Liu–Jun–Zi decoction (XSLJZD) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered with TAA, then injected with reversine intraperitoneally, and/or orally provided with XSLJZD. TAA resulted in liver injury with increases in the liver index and levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase. Reversine alleviated the liver index and AST level and improved TAA-induced pathological changes but decreased TAA-induced collagen deposition, and α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β1 expression. Reversine also modulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as RelA, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, platelet-derived growth factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein, and suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) phosphorylation and caspase 1 activation. Meanwhile, XSLJZD protected TAA-injured liver without increasing fibrosis and enhanced the regulating effect of reversine on RelA, IL-17A, IL-1β, and MCP-1 cytokines. In conclusion, reversine ameliorates liver injury and inhibits inflammation reaction by regulating NF-κB, and XSLJZD protects the liver through its synergistic effect with reversine on regulating inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hao Mai
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang He
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Weng
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 518180, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
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29
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Zhu Z, Guo Y, Li X, Teng S, Peng X, Zou P, Zhou S. Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates Balloon-Induced Vascular Injury Through Inactivation of RAGE Signaling Pathways. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention is a well-established technique used to treat coronary artery disease, but the risk of coronary artery in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention is still high. Previous studies revealed that high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)
plays a critical role in neointima formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an HMGB1 inhibitor, in the process of neointima formation and the potential mechanisms. We investigated the role of GA in neointima formation through an iliac artery balloon
injury model in rabbits. Proliferation, migration, and phenotype transformation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were observed. Besides, inflammation and receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) signaling pathways were studied. The results indicate that GA attenuated
neointima formation and downregulated HMGB1 expression in injured artery in rabbits. HMGB1 promoted proliferation, migration, and phenotype transformation through the activation of RAGE signaling pathways in VSMCs, and blockade of HMGB1 by GA (1, 10, and 100 μM) could attenuate those processes
and reduce proliferation of human VSMCs. In conclusion, the HMGB1 inhibitor GA might be useful to treat proliferative vascular diseases by downregulating RAGE signaling pathways. Our results indicate a new and promising therapeutic agent for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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30
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Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107618. [PMID: 32592716 PMCID: PMC7311916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient drugs to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. In this context, we have analyzed the anti-coronavirus potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a drug used to treat liver diseases (including viral hepatitis) and specific cutaneous inflammation (such as atopic dermatitis) in some countries. The properties of GLR and its primary active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid are presented and discussed. GLR has shown activities against different viruses, including SARS-associated Human and animal coronaviruses. GLR is a non-hemolytic saponin and a potent immuno-active anti-inflammatory agent which displays both cytoplasmic and membrane effects. At the membrane level, GLR induces cholesterol-dependent disorganization of lipid rafts which are important for the entry of coronavirus into cells. At the intracellular and circulating levels, GLR can trap the high mobility group box 1 protein and thus blocks the alarmin functions of HMGB1. We used molecular docking to characterize further and discuss both the cholesterol- and HMG box-binding functions of GLR. The membrane and cytoplasmic effects of GLR, coupled with its long-established medical use as a relatively safe drug, make GLR a good candidate to be tested against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, alone and in combination with other drugs. The rational supporting combinations with (hydroxy)chloroquine and tenofovir (two drugs active against SARS-CoV-2) is also discussed. Based on this analysis, we conclude that GLR should be further considered and rapidly evaluated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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31
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Gao R, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Xu W, Jiang L, Guo T, Huan C. Glycyrrhizin Inhibits PEDV Infection and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion via the HMGB1/TLR4-MAPK p38 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082961. [PMID: 32340172 PMCID: PMC7215578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that glycyrrhizin (GLY) inhibited porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, but the mechanisms of GLY anti-PEDV action remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the anti-PEDV and anti-proinflammatory cytokine secretion mechanisms of GLY. We found that PEDV infection had no effect on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and mRNA levels, but that TLR4 regulated PEDV infection and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we demonstrated that TLR4 regulated p38 phosphorylation but not extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (Erk1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation, and that GLY inhibited p38 phosphorylation but not Erk1/2 and JNK phosphorylation. Therefore, we further explored the relationship between high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and p38. We demonstrated that inhibition of HMGB1 using an antibody, mutation, or knockdown decreased p38 phosphorylation. Thus, HMGB1 participated in activation of p38 through TLR4. Collectively, our data indicated that GLY inhibited PEDV infection and decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the HMGB1/TLR4-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongshuai Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhui Kang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +13-585-232-936
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Wu M, Zhang Q, Yi D, Wu T, Chen H, Guo S, Li S, Ji C, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y, Wu G. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Puerarin in Piglets Infected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32174911 PMCID: PMC7055472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide in recent years. Puerarin (PR), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Gegen, possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities. This study was conducted with both PEDV-infected African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and neonatal pigs to determine the effect of PR on PEDV infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by using proteomic analyses. Twenty-four piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated into one of three groups (Control, PEDV, and PEDV + PR). After a 5-day period of adaption, piglets (n = 8/group) in the PEDV + PR were orally administered with PR (0.5 mg/kg body weight) between days 5 and 9, whereas piglets in the other two groups received the same volume of liquid milk replacer. On day 9, piglets were orally administered with either sterile saline or PEDV (Yunnan province strain) at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) per pig. On day 12 of the trial, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. In addition, Vero cells were assigned randomly into three groups (Control, PEDV, PEDV + PR). Cells in the PEDV and PEDV + PR groups were infected with PEDV at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, while cells in the control group were treated with the same volume of sterile saline. One hour later, cells in the Control and PEDV groups were cultured in serum-free DMEM, while cells in the PEDV + PR group were supplemented with PR. After 36 h of culture, cells were harvested. PR attenuated the reductions in cell proliferation in vitro and growth performance in PEDV-infected piglets, and inhibited PEDV replication and the expression of several cytokines (including IL-8) both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analyses identified that the abundances of 29 proteins in the ileum were altered by PEDV infection and restored to the control level by PR. Pathway analyses revealed that PR restored the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes and selectively upregulated the expression of guanylate-binding proteins. Western blot analyses showed that PR supplementation inhibited the PEDV-induced NF-κB activation. Collectively, these results indicate that PR could exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in piglets infected with PEDV and have the potential to be an effective antiviral feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changzheng Ji
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Shih YS, Tsai CH, Li TC, Lai HC, Wang KT, Liao WL, Hsieh CL. The effect of Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi tang (XSLJZT) on irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111889. [PMID: 31009707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic, recurrent abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort and changes in defecation habits. Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi tang (XSLJZT) is a traditional Chinese medical formula that can modulate gastrointestinal disturbance. PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effect of XSLJZT on IBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled preliminary study. Eighty patients with IBS were assigned to a control group (CG, 40 patients) that received oral administration of an XSLJZT 10% comparator (3.0 g three times daily) for 28 days or to a treatment group (TG, 40 patients) that received XSLJZT. The primary outcome measure was changes in scores on the Gastrointestinal System Rating Scale-IBS. The secondary outcome measures were changes in scores on the irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QOL) and World Health Organization-quality of life-brief. RESULTS A total of 63 patients completed the study (n = 31 for the CG; n = 32 for the TG). The TG were discovered to have significantly lower diarrhea scores than the CG at V2 (second assessment) compared with V1 (first assessment, baseline) (mean change ± SD: CG: 0.19 ± 1.33 vs. TG: -0.38 ± 0.91, p = 0.05). The scores for Item 28 on the IBS-quality of life (QOL) scale ("I feel frustrated that I cannot eat when I want because of my bowel problems") were lower in the CG at V3 (third assessment) compared with V1 but slightly higher in the TG (CG: -0.48 ± 0.89 vs. TG: 0.03 ± 0.65, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Oral administration of XSLJZT (3.0 g) for 28 days lowered the mean diarrhea score in patients with IBS, indicating that the patients in the TG had greater diarrhea improvement than those in the CG. The present study used 10% XSLJZT as a comparator, and the different items of the Gastrointestinal System Rating Scale-IBS, IBS-QOL, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief were scored separately. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate comparator or placebo and score assessment are crucial issues for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sing Shih
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Teng Wang
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Personal Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2323-2339. [PMID: 30117204 PMCID: PMC7167772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well‐being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cornara
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sónia Soares
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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