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Dai X, Chu X, Qi G, Yuan P, Zhou Y, Xiang H, Shi X. Worldwide Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2363-2376. [PMID: 38001566 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231211950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women who have experienced perinatal intimate partner violence (P-IPV) has gradually attracted the attention of psychologists, mental health, and health care professionals. However, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and associated risk factors is still lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and explore influencing factors for PTSD in women who have suffered P-IPV. Our study inclusion criteria were: women who experienced IPV in the year before conception, throughout pregnancy, during delivery, and up to 1 year after giving birth for which a quantitative assessment of PTSD was done using validated diagnostic or screening tools. This study searched nine English databases and four Chinese databases. The final analysis included 16 studies, involving 9,098 female subjects. Meta-analysis was performed on the extracted data using the Stata 16.0 software (Stata Corp. LP, College Station, TX, USA).Fixed or random effect models were selected to pool odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PTSD after heterogeneity test. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD in women who suffered P-IPV was 30.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [22.0%, 37.0%]). Only nine studies described influencing factors for PTSD based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The five identified influencing factors were: non-immigrants (OR = 2.56; 95% CI [1.29, 5.08]), non-cohabitation (OR = 2.45; [1.35, 4.42]), trauma history (OR = 1.80; [1.18, 2.76]), education below senior high school (OR = 1.32; [0.64, 2.75]), and age 18 to 29 years (OR = 1.06; [0.94, 1.19]). These findings provided a reference value of PTSD prevalence, risk factors, and potential association with P-IPV among women worldwide. However, the geographical coverage of the reviewed studies is limited and epidemiological investigations from more diverse areas are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Dai
- Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Guojia Qi
- Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanna Zhou
- Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Henry Xiang
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
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2
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Canet-Vélez O, Besa ME, Sanromà-Ortíz M, Espada-Trespalacios X, Escuriet R, Prats-Viedma B, Cobo J, Ollé-Gonzalez J, Vela-Vallespín E, Casañas R. Incidence of Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Catalonia: An Observational Study of Protective and Risk Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:826. [PMID: 38667588 PMCID: PMC11050101 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and childbirth have a great impact on women's lives; traumatic perinatal experiences can adversely affect mental health. The present study analyzes the incidence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Catalonia in 2021 from data obtained from the Registry of Morbidity and Use of Health Resources of Catalonia (MUSSCAT). The incidence of perinatal PTSD (1.87%) was lower than in comparable studies, suggesting underdiagnosis. Poisson regression adjusting for age, income, gestational weeks at delivery, type of delivery, and parity highlighted the influence of sociodemographics, and characteristics of the pregnancy and delivery on the risk of developing perinatal PTSD. These findings underline the need for further research on the risk factors identified and for the early detection and effective management of PTSD in the perinatal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Canet-Vélez
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Official College of Nurses of Barcelona, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Escalé Besa
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Catalan Health Institute, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gynegology and Obstetrics, Parc Taulí University Hospital, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sanromà-Ortíz
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Igualada Health Campus, University of Lleida, 25002 Igualada, Spain
| | - Xavier Espada-Trespalacios
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), Catalan Department of Health, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Escuriet
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), Catalan Department of Health, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Prats-Viedma
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Catalan Department of Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jesús Cobo
- Perinatal Mental Health Program, Mental Health Department, Parc Taulí University Hospital, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Ollé-Gonzalez
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
| | - Emili Vela-Vallespín
- Information Systems, CatSalut, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Casañas
- Global Health, Gender and Society (GHenderS), Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (O.C.-V.); (M.E.B.); (X.E.-T.); (R.E.); (J.O.-G.); (R.C.)
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Fernández-Fillol C, Hidalgo-Ruzzante N, Perez-Garcia M, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Karatzias T. The role of resilience in the relationship between intimate partner violence severity and ICD-11 CPTSD severity. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 15:2285671. [PMID: 38156874 PMCID: PMC10763906 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2285671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Resilience is a modulating factor in the development of PTSD and CPTSD after exposure to traumatic events. However, the relationship between resilience and ICD-11 CPTSD is not adequately understood in survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV).Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between severity of violence and severity of CPTSD symptoms.Method: A sample of 202 women IPV survivors completed self-rated questionnaires to assess CPTSD, severity of violence and resilience.Results: Mediation analyses indicated that there was a direct relationship between the severity of violence and the severity of CPTSD symptoms (β = .113, p < .001) and that there was a significantly inverse relationship between levels of resilience and the severity of CPTSD symptoms (β = -.248, p < .001). At the same time, there was no significant relationship between the severity of violence and resilience (β = -.061, p = .254).Conclusions: These findings suggest that resilience does not mediate the relationship between violence severity and CPTSD severity. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernández-Fillol
- Department of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, Burgos, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Garcia
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
- Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Education House, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Cleveland S, Thomas JL, Pietrzak RH, Sumner JA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and coping strategies in the postpartum period: A symptomics approach. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 154:286-292. [PMID: 35964347 PMCID: PMC10364462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been increasingly recognized as a potential mental health concern for new mothers. Elevated PTSD symptoms have been associated with maladaptive coping strategies in the postpartum period, a time when women face many challenges, demands, and stressors. However, PTSD symptoms manifest in heterogeneous ways, and focusing only on total symptom scores may obscure more nuanced associations with particular coping styles. In a large, ethnically diverse sample of postpartum women from across the United States (N = 1,315), first we examined associations between total PTSD symptom severity with three distinct coping styles: active-emotional, avoidant-emotional, and problem-focused. In models adjusting for race and educational attainment, total PTSD symptom severity was significantly positively associated with tendencies to use active- and avoidant-emotional, but not problem-focused, coping. We then adopted a novel "symptomics" approach, employing relative importance analyses to examine associations between individual PTSD symptoms with the coping styles. These analyses identified PTSD symptoms that were most strongly associated with each coping style. Notably, whereas several symptoms explained variance in avoidant-emotional coping, only a few symptoms contributed most to active-emotional and problem-focused coping. Moreover, non-specific symptoms of PTSD that are shared with other psychopathology (e.g., difficulty concentrating, loss of interest) explained significant proportions of variance across all coping styles. Collectively, results suggest that a symptomics approach may provide more nuanced insight into how PTSD symptoms are linked to various coping styles in postpartum women, which can help inform potential screening and intervention targets for at-risk women during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiloh Cleveland
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Nie X, Cheng L, Huang F, Zhang T, Yao Y, Tan J, Ke Y. Construct validity and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the City Birth Trauma Scale. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2946-2955. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Cheng
- Hubei University of Medicine Shi Yan China
| | - Fei Huang
- Hubei University of Medicine Shi Yan China
| | | | - Yin‐Di Yao
- Hubei University of Medicine Shi Yan China
| | - Jing Tan
- Hubei University of Medicine Shi Yan China
| | - Yu‐Ye Ke
- Hubei University of Medicine Shi Yan China
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6
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Dokkedahl SB, Kirubakaran R, Bech-Hansen D, Kristensen TR, Elklit A. The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2022; 11:163. [PMID: 35948921 PMCID: PMC9364557 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examines the association between psychological violence and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, while comparing the specific subtypes of psychological violence and simultaneously focusing on methodological shortcomings. METHOD A systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses were applied on the three main outcomes: PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Four electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science), and a total of 194 studies were included (k = 149 for meta-analyses). GRADEpro was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence from the meta-analyses. RESULTS Psychological violence had strong associations with the three main outcomes, with the strongest association for PTSD in both female and male victims. Coercive control was particularly associated with PTSD for female victims, while emotional/verbal and dominance/isolation had the strongest association with depression. Although the identified studies were characterized by gender bias, psychological violence appear to affect male mental health too. DISCUSSION Findings from the meta-analyses support the notion that psychological violence is a traumatic experience, which is strongly association with PTSD and other common mental health problems linked to trauma. GRADEpro rated the certainty of evince to be low, and thus, our confidence in the estimated effect is limited. Gender bias, the applied terminology, and other methodological shortcomings are discussed. Despite the substantial amount of research on this topic, more research is needed before we can draw any final conclusions on the effect of psychological violence on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Dokkedahl
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark. .,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - R Kirubakaran
- Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - D Bech-Hansen
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - T R Kristensen
- Centre for Persons Subjected to Violence, Center of Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Elklit
- Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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7
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Paulson JL. Intimate Partner Violence and Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Findings in Longitudinal Studies. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:733-747. [PMID: 33252020 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020976098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The link between maternal violence exposure and adverse obstetric outcomes is well-documented, but less is understood about the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure and perinatal post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTSS) and depression in women around the world. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize empirical literature on the associations between IPV (e.g., before pregnancy, during pregnancy, postpartum) and post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms in the perinatal period. This review acknowledged the effects of IPV exposure timing, timing of assessment, and IPV subtypes. Forty-seven longitudinal studies met inclusion criteria and were reviewed to determine the effects of IPV exposure on perinatal mental health. Findings suggested a strong relationship between IPV exposure and perinatal mental health. Results were more consistent between perinatal mental health and IPV sustained close to or during the perinatal period than for lifetime IPV exposure. In general, physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were independently associated with perinatal depression and PTSS. Findings underscore the importance of theoretically driven research and the development of treatment protocols for women worldwide.
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8
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Rodríguez-Soto NC, Buxó CJ, Morou-Bermudez E, Pérez-Edgar K, Ocasio-Quiñones IT, Surillo-González MB, Martinez KG. The impact of prenatal maternal stress due to potentially traumatic events on child temperament: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22195. [PMID: 34674245 PMCID: PMC8549868 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to complete a systematic review of the relationship between prenatal maternal stress due to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and child temperament. Eligible studies through June 2020 were identified utilizing a search strategy in PubMed and PsycInfo. Included studies examined associations between prenatal maternal stress due to PTE and child temperament. Two independent coders extracted study characteristics and three coders assessed study quality. Of the 1969 identified studies, 20 met full inclusion criteria. Studies were classified on two dimensions: (1) disaster-related stress and (2) intimate partner violence during pregnancy. For disaster-related prenatal maternal stress, 75% (nine out of 12) of published reports found associations with increased child negative affectivity, 50% (five out of 10) also noted associations with lower effortful control/regulation, and 38% (three out of eight) found associations with lower positive affectivity. When considering prenatal intimate partner violence stress, 80% (four out of five) of published reports found associations with higher child negative affectivity, 67% (four out of six) found associations with lower effortful control/regulation, and 33% (one out of three) found associations with lower positive affectivity. Prenatal maternal stress due to PTEs may impact the offspring's temperament, especially negative affectivity. Mitigating the effects of maternal stress in pregnancy is needed in order to prevent adverse outcomes on the infant's socioemotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra C. Rodríguez-Soto
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
- Carlos Albizu University, San Juan, PR
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
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9
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Abstract
This article reviews the prevalence and outcomes of perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV). Reported rates of perinatal IPV range from 3.7% to 9.0%. Perinatal IPV is associated with a multitude of mental and obstetric health outcomes that affect the mother and child. Perinatal medical providers have an opportunity to detect victims of IPV and facilitate services for this population. Screening, safety planning, and referral procedures are essential for addressing this public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVRTC), 67 President Street, 2nd Floor South, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA.
| | - Amanda K Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVRTC), 67 President Street, 2nd Floor South, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
| | - Rosaura Orengo Aguayo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVRTC), 67 President Street, 2nd Floor South, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
| | - Alyssa A Rheingold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center (NCVRTC), 67 President Street, 2nd Floor South, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425-8610, USA
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10
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Mannell J, Seyed-Raeisy I, Burgess R, Campbell C. The implications of community responses to intimate partner violence in Rwanda. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196584. [PMID: 29718961 PMCID: PMC5931791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has significant impacts on mental health. Community-focused interventions have shown promising results for addressing IPV in low-income countries, however, little is known about the implications of these interventions for women’s mental wellbeing. This paper analyses data from a community-focused policy intervention in Rwanda collected in 2013–14, including focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with community members (n = 59). Our findings point to three ways in which these community members responded to IPV: (1) reconciling couples experiencing violence, (2) engaging community support through raising cases of IPV during community discussions, (3) navigating resources for women experiencing IPV, including police, social services and legal support. These community responses support women experiencing violence by helping them access available resources and by engaging in community discussions. However, assistance is largely only offered to married women and responses tend to focus exclusively on physical rather than psychological or emotional forms of violence. Drawing on Campbell and Burgess’s (2012) framework for ‘community mental health competence’, we interrogate the potential implications of these responses for the mental wellbeing of women affected by violence. We conclude by drawing attention to the gendered nature of community responses to IPV and the potential impacts this may have for the mental health of women experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenevieve Mannell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Rochelle Burgess
- Firoz Lalji Centre for Africa, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Campbell
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Sapkota D, Baird K, Saito A, Anderson D. Interventions for domestic violence among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:254. [PMID: 29233167 PMCID: PMC5727941 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence during pregnancy is a global problem, associated with serious health risks for both the mother and baby. Evaluation of interventions targeted for reducing or controlling domestic violence (DV) is still in its infancy, and the majority of findings are primarily from high-income countries (HICs). Therefore, there is an urgent need for generating evidence of DV interventions among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be employed to structure the review. A comprehensive search will be carried out via electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane library. Gray literature will also be scrutinized for potential articles. An optimal search strategy has been developed following consultations with subject-matter experts and librarians. This search strategy will be adapted to the different databases. Experimental studies evaluating DV interventions among pregnant women from LMICs will be included in the review. The review will only include literature written in English. Two reviewers will independently screen and assess studies for inclusion in the review. A third author will resolve any discrepancies between the reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed based on the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and overall quality of the evidence will be judged using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Findings will be presented with the narrative synthesis, and if applicable, they will be further quantified using random-effects meta-analysis. Effect size, risk ratio for dichotomous variables, and standardized mean differences for continuous variables will be calculated for each outcome using Review Manager 5.3. DISCUSSION Systematic reviews to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to address DV within the perinatal context have been limited. Hence, no one intervention has emerged as substantially effective towards addressing perinatal DV and associated health consequences. The evidence generated from this systematic review will inform researchers and policy makers about the effectiveness of existing DV interventions among pregnant women in LMICs and provide recommendations for future research in this area. This in turn will contribute towards violence prevention in LMICs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017073938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sapkota
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. .,Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - Kathleen Baird
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Amornrat Saito
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Debra Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Women's Wellness Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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van Heyningen T, Honikman S, Myer L, Onah MN, Field S, Tomlinson M. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:765-775. [PMID: 28852868 PMCID: PMC6086488 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is highly prevalent in many populations; however, the burden of anxiety disorders amongst pregnant women in low-resource settings is not well documented. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of antenatal anxiety disorders amongst low-income women living with psychosocial adversity. Pregnant women were recruited from an urban, primary level clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview diagnostic interview assessed prevalence of anxiety disorders. Four self-report questionnaires measured psychosocial characteristics. Logistic regression models explored demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial risk factors and psychiatric comorbidity as predictors for anxiety disorders. Amongst 376 participants, the prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 23%. Although 11% of all women had post-traumatic stress disorder, 18% of the total sample was diagnosed with other anxiety disorders. Multivariable analysis revealed several predictors for anxiety including a history of mental health problems (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03-8.32), Major depressive episode (MDE) diagnosis (AOR 3.83; CI 1.99-7.31), multigravidity (AOR 2.87; CI 1.17-7.07), food insecurity (AOR 2.57; CI 1.48-4.46), unplanned and unwanted pregnancy (AOR 2.14; CI 1.11-4.15), pregnancy loss (AOR 2.10; CI 1.19-3.75) and experience of threatening life events (AOR 1.30; CI 1.04-1.57). Increased perceived social support appeared to reduce the risk for antenatal anxiety (AOR 0.95; CI 0.91-0.99). A range of antenatal anxiety disorders are prevalent amongst pregnant women living in low-resource settings. Women who experience psychosocial adversity may be exposed to multiple risk factors, which render them vulnerable to developing antenatal anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandi van Heyningen
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Simone Honikman
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael N Onah
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Sally Field
- Perinatal Mental Health Project, Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Mannell J, Hawkes S. Decriminalisation of gender-based violence is a global health problem. BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2:e000438. [PMID: 29082023 PMCID: PMC5656114 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Hawkes
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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