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Hodge L, Bucalo B, Ritz H, Sampson T, Song C, Suh E, Tang J, Varghese S, Warren T, Yeske K. Thirteen years progress: a scoping review of suicide prevention initiatives in post-secondary settings. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38466319 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2308259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Describe the literature on suicide prevention initiatives (SPIs) in post-secondary settings internationally since 2010. Methods: A scoping review and bibliographic search were conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data in consultation with a community social work team. Included articles described SPIs in post-secondary settings. Secondary sources and articles unavailable in English were excluded. Results: After identifying 931 citations, 76 articles representing five continents were included. Included articles spanned 2010 to 2023. Most articles represented North America, used quantitative methods, and focused on gatekeepers. SPIs in post-secondary settings were characterized by standardized and commercially available training programs and a wide variety of 'in-house' initiatives unique to campus communities. Conclusions: The quantity of research on SPIs in post-secondary settings has not kept pace with escalating mental health issues and the extent to which suicide is an urgent public health issue for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hodge
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brianna Bucalo
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Ritz
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Sampson
- Wellness Supports Community Social Work Team, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire Song
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin Suh
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kyra Yeske
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Yang Q, Zhang W, Wu H, Huang B, Zhang C, Niu G. The Association between Perceived Family Financial Stress and Adolescent Suicide Ideation: A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37998693 PMCID: PMC10669165 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, suicide (especially adolescents' suicide) has been an increasingly prominent social problem worldwide; suicide ideation, as an important predictor, has been the focus of relevant studies and practices. Against this background, the present study aimed to examine the association between perceived family financial stress and adolescents' suicidal ideation, as well as the potential roles of depression and parent-child attachment. A sample of 526 junior middle school students was recruited voluntarily to participate in this cross-sectional study, and the results indicated that the prevalence of suicidal ideation among junior high school students was 15.45%; perceived family financial stress was positively associated with suicidal ideation, and depression could significantly mediate this relation; parent-child attachment significantly moderated the mediating effect of depression (in particular, the relation between depression and suicidal ideation); specifically, this relation was stronger among adolescents with lower values of parent-child attachment. These findings could deepen our understanding of the influences of perceived family financial condition and the risky factors of adolescents' suicidal ideation, which could provide guidance for the prevention and intervention of adolescents' depression and suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- School of Marxism, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Centre, Guangzhou College of Commerce, Guangzhou 511363, China;
| | - Baozhen Huang
- College of Education and Arts, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gengfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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3
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Mahamid F, Bdier D, Jabr S, Hinnawi Z. The association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideations among Palestinians: The mediating role of spirituality, social support and mindfulness. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e48. [PMID: 37854392 PMCID: PMC10579652 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test whether social support, spirituality and mindfulness mediated the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideation among Palestinians. The study sample consisted of 520 Palestinian adults selected using online tools. The findings of the study revealed that posttraumatic stress symptoms positively correlated with suicidal ideations (r = .32, p < .01), and negatively correlated with social support (r = -.34, p < .01), spirituality (r = -.16, p < .05) and mindfulness (r = -.72, p < .01), whereas suicidal ideations negatively correlated with social support (r = -.46, p < .01), spirituality(r = -.27, p < .01) and mindfulness (r = -.72, p < .01). Results of the path analysis showed that social support, spirituality and mindfulness mediated the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and suicidal ideations. Developing intervention programs to enhance social support, mindfulness and spirituality to mitigate the effect of ongoing traumatic experiences among Palestinians is crucial to reducing suicidal ideations. Further studies are also recommended to investigate the role of potentially protective factors that may reduce suicidal ideations and appropriate techniques to deal effectively with traumatic and stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Mahamid
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Dana Bdier
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Samah Jabr
- Community Mental Health Center, Palestinian Ministry of Health, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Zaynab Hinnawi
- Psychology and Counseling Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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4
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Fu W, Li R, Liang Y. The Relationship between Stress Perception and Problematic Social Network Use among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of the Fear of Missing Out. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:497. [PMID: 37366748 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution model, this study examined the association between stress perception and problematic social network use among Chinese college students and explored the mediating effect of the fear of missing out (FoMO) on the relationship between stress perception and problematic social network use. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 554 students from nine universities in China. We found that stress perception was significantly positively correlated with problematic social network use and FoMO (r = 0.38, 0.46; p < 0.001), and FoMO was significantly positively correlated with problematic social network use (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). FoMO mediated the relationship between stress perception and problematic social network use. Conclusion: Stress perception has a negative impact on college students' problematic social network use via the mediating effect of FoMO. Practical implications that reveal the college students' problematic social network use were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqian Fu
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuqian Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Mahesar RA, Shaikh S, Latif M, Azeema N, Solangi A, Abro SY. Analysis of Newspaper Reporting of Non-fatal Suicide Attempts During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Pakistan. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231172342. [PMID: 37080193 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231172342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to observe newspaper reports about non-fatal suicide attempts in Pakistan during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: We performed content analysis of news reports about incomplete suicides from four vernacular newspapers of Pakistan between March and August 2020. Results: A total of 87 news reports about suicide attempts were examined; the vast majority of the suicide attempters was Muslims (78%), males (64%), females (36%) with (33%) mentions of age, ranging from 19-30 years, and married were (76%). However, occupation was largely missing from (93%) of the news. Self-poisoning was the commonly reported method in (65%) of suicide attempts, whereas familial discord was the leading risk factor for (72%) of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Although psychological intervention is crucial to reduce familial discords as risk factors, monitoring the mental health conditions of people vulnerable to suicide and the figures on attempted suicides should be maintained and collected nationally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Ali Mahesar
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shaikh
- Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Department of Education, GC Women University, Sialkoat, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Azeema
- Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Solangi
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaila Yaseen Abro
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
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6
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Zhao C, He J, Du M, Xu H, Lai X, Yu G, Zhang G. A cross-lagged study of the associations among problematic smartphone use, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in chinese university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359702 PMCID: PMC10052245 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships among problematic smartphone use (PSU), depressive symptoms (DS), and suicidal ideation (SI) in Chinese university students. Using a cross-lagged design, the Mobile Phone Addiction Inventory Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale as research instruments, 194 university students completed a questionnaire four consecutive times. June of Year 1, December of Year 2, June of Year 2, and December of Year 3 of their college study. We refer to these as the Time 1 (T1), Time 2 (T2), Time 3 (T3), and Time 4 (T4) assessments, respectively. The levels of PSU and DS fluctuated significantly over time. DS at T1 was significantly predicted to influence SI at T2 (β = 0.17, p < .05); DS at T3 was significantly predicted by PSU and by SI at T2 (respectively, β = 0.30, p < .05; β = 0.21, p < .05); DS at T2 significantly predicted PSU at T3 (β = 0.14, p < .05); and DS at T3 significantly predicted SI at T4 (β = 0.14, p < .05) in the cross-lagged pathway. DS at T3 fully mediated the relationship between PSU at T2 and SI at T4 (indirect effect: β = 0.133, 95% CI = [0.063, 0.213]). The results suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between PSU and DS and, furthermore, that DS plays an important mediating role between PSU and SI. Our results suggest the importance of early identification and treatment of SI. Timely reduction of PSU and improvement of DS among university students may help prevent SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Jiangkang He
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Mingxuan Du
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Guoliang Yu
- Institute of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872 China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
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7
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Hou L, Chen L, Zhang W. The longitudinal predictive effect of self-reported frequency of premenstrual syndrome on depression: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1126190. [PMID: 37033080 PMCID: PMC10076728 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed a high comorbidity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression; however, whether PMS can longitudinally predict depression has not been examined in large sample studies. Methods This study surveyed 8,133 women from the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants completed seven repeated measurements at 3-year intervals starting in 2000 (aged 22-27 years). Binary logistic and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive role of self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 on self-reported diagnosis of depression and frequency of depressive symptoms, respectively, for each follow-up survey. Results Self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in the year 2000 predicted self-reported diagnosis of depression in most follow-up surveys. Specifically, compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "often" had them were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2006 (OR = 1.72), 2012 (OR = 1.88), 2015 (OR = 1.49), and 2018 (OR = 1.90); and those who reported "sometimes" had PMS symptoms in 2000 were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2012 (OR =1.37) and 2018 (OR = 1.59). Furthermore, self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 predicted self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms in each follow-up survey. Compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "sometimes", or "often", had PMS symptoms reported depressive symptoms more frequently. Conclusion Self-reported frequency of PMS can predict the self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Chen
- School of Education Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenpei Zhang
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8
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Weiss SJ, Simeonova DI, Koleva H, Muzik M, Clark KD, Ozerdem A, Cooper B, Ammerman RT. Potential paths to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among high-risk women. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:493-500. [PMID: 36183603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although men are more likely to die by suicide, women experience a greater and more rapidly increasing rate of suicidal ideation (SI) and are 3 times more likely to attempt suicide than men. Despite this increased risk, little is known about factors that contribute to SI or suicide attempts (SA) among women. We examined factors associated with SI and SA among women and identified mood-related symptoms that differentiate women who reported attempting suicide from those who did not. Women at elevated risk for depression from across the U.S. (N = 3372; age 18 to 90) completed a survey regarding depression, anxiety, sociodemographic and reproductive status, behavioral/mental health history, and exposure to adversity. Structural equation modeling and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Variables with the most significant relationships to SI were severity of depression (OR = 5.2, p = 0.000) and perceived stress (OR = 1.18, p = 0.000) while frequency of suicidal thoughts (OR = 3.3, p = 0.000), family history of a depression diagnosis (OR = 1.6, p = 0.000) and exposure to violence (OR = 1.9, p = 0.000) had the strongest association with SA. Childhood abuse/trauma was associated with SA (OR = 1.13, p = 0.000) but not SI. 'Feeling bad about themselves, a failure, or having let themselves or their family down' was the symptom that most clearly differentiated women who attempted suicide from women who reported suicidal ideation but no SA. The salience of childhood abuse and domestic/community violence to women's risk for a suicide attempt reinforces previous findings that these adversities may differentiate suicide risk for women versus men. Continued research is essential to understand varied paths that may lead to suicidal behavior among women, some which appear unrelated to the frequency or intensity of their suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Weiss
- University of California, 2 Koret Way, Box 0608, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Diana I Simeonova
- Emory University, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Hristina Koleva
- University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Maria Muzik
- University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Kristen D Clark
- University of New Hampshire, 4 Library Way, Hewitt Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Bruce Cooper
- University of California, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Robert T Ammerman
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 333 Burnet Avenue, ML7039, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Effectiveness of Aromatherapy Yoga in Stress Reduction and Sleep Quality Improvement among Chinese Female College Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091686. [PMID: 36141298 PMCID: PMC9498771 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
College students, particularly female students, often suffer from severe stress and poor sleep. Aromatherapy yoga has become a popular exercise in recent years and may help reduce stress and improve sleep quality, although empirical evidence is limited. We investigated the effectiveness of aromatherapy yoga intervention in reducing stress and improving sleep quality among Chinese female college students. A total of 89 participants—44 in the experimental group (aromatherapy yoga) and 45 in the control group (yoga)—with an average age of 19.88 ± 1.13 years, were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. Interventions were performed in the respective groups once a week for 12 weeks, for 90 min each time. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test (including effect size) were used to test the differences in stress reduction and sleep quality before and after the intervention. From the findings of the current research, both therapies did not help female students’ stress levels or sleep hygiene significantly. However, aromatherapy yoga has the potential to improve sleep disturbances experienced by female college students. Additionally, there was no difference in the amount of stress or the quality of sleep between the aromatherapy yoga groups and the regular yoga groups before and after therapy.
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10
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Calvete E, Royuela-Colomer E, Maruottolo C. Emotion dysregulation and mindfulness in non-suicidal self-injury. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114691. [PMID: 35777277 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between mindfulness and engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (ENSSI) and whether emotion dysregulation explains this association. A secondary objective was to explore the difference between participants who engaged in a suicide attempt and those who only engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. A sample of 201 psychiatric patients (62.7% female; age range: 18-71 years old) participated in the study. The path analysis indicated that trait mindfulness was negatively associated with all emotion dysregulation dimensions and that one of these dimensions, impulse control difficulty, was associated with higher ENSSI. Moreover, impulse control difficulty was associated with increased odds of having attempted suicide. These findings suggest that mindfulness is a relevant construct to ENSSI with and without a suicide attempt. Future studies should investigate mindfulness-based interventions for ENSSI and the role played by the capacity to control impulses when experiencing negative emotions.
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Anderson KM, Tsuyuki K, Fernandez DeSoto A, Stockman JK. The Effect of Adverse Mental Health and Resilience on Perceived Stress by Sexual Violence History. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084796. [PMID: 35457663 PMCID: PMC9029884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence, including nonconsensual sexual initiation and rape, remains pervasive, with impacts including adverse mental health and dysregulated stress response. Resilience is a promising interventional target. To advance the science, we examined the potential for resilience as an interventional tool by estimating associations between resilience, adverse mental health, and perceived stress among women by sexual violence history and partner perpetration. We analyzed 2018−2020 baseline survey data from 65 women enrolled in a prospective case-control study of sexual violence and HIV susceptibility in San Diego, CA. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine associations, stratified by sexual violence history. About half of women experienced nonconsensual sexual initiation and/or rape; half of rapes were partner-perpetrated. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with perceived stress among survivors (in regressions with depression and resilience, nonconsensual initiation: β = 6.514, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.616; rape: β = 5.075, p = 0.030, R2 = 0.611). Resilience was associated with lower perceived stress for all women; the effect appeared stronger among survivors of sexual violence (nonconsensual initiation: β = −0.599, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.452, p = 0.019; rape: β = −0.624, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.421, p = 0.027). Partner perpetration of rape was not associated with perceived stress. Our findings support leveraging resilience and addressing PTSD to reduce perceived stress among women with lifetime experiences of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Alexandra Fernandez DeSoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
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Happiness in University Students: Personal, Familial, and Social Factors: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084713. [PMID: 35457584 PMCID: PMC9032425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Happiness is the foundation of a better life and a goal that people pursue; however, happiness levels among university students are low. The purpose of this study is to explore the main factors influencing student happiness. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in China in 2020. Data on student happiness was collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and students' personal, familial, and social information were obtained using another questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between student happiness and these factors in terms of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 2186 valid questionnaires were obtained. Firstly, student happiness was found to be associated with personal factors. The results found that happiness was significantly associated with state of health, the adjusted OR (95% CI) = 3.41 (2.01-5.79) for healthy students compared to unhealthy students, and that happiness decreased with the student's age (OR = 0.79 and 95% CI = 0.63-0.98). Secondly, the research suggested that happiness was associated with familial factors. Both frequent contact with family and a harmonious relationship with parents significantly enhanced happiness with ORs (95% CIs) 1.42 (1.17-1.71) and 2.32 (1.83-2.95), respectively. Thirdly, student happiness was associated with several social factors. Students who performed well academically, who went to sleep early, and who were in a loving relationship were found to be happier than those with poor academic performance, went to sleep late, and who were single, for which the ORs (95% CIs) were, respectively, 1.87 (1.51-2.32), 1.50 (1.24-1.81), and 1.32 (1.09-1.60). The survey identified several key personal, familial, and social factors influencing university student happiness, which can provide an effective measure to improve their happiness.
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Crispim MDO, Santos CMRD, Frazão IDS, Frazão CMFDQ, Albuquerque RCRD, Perrelli JGA. Prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3495. [PMID: 34755776 PMCID: PMC8584877 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5320.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students. METHOD a systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies based on the Joanna Briggs Institute proposal, and carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and LILACS databases and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with no language or year restrictions. A total of 2,942 publications were identified. Selection, data extraction and methodological evaluation of the studies were performed by two independent researchers. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random effects model. RESULTS eleven articles were included in this review. The prevalence variation for suicidal ideation was from 9.7% to 58.3% and, for attempted suicide, it was from 0.7% to 14.7%. The meta-analysis showed a 27.1% prevalence for suicidal ideation in life, 14.1% for ideation in the last year, and 3.1% for attempted suicide in life. CONCLUSION the high prevalence of suicidal behavior, even with the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, raises the need to implement interventions aimed at preventing suicide and promoting mental health, especially in the academic environment.
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Patterns of premenstrual syndrome and depression symptoms in Chinese female university students: Results of a latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:64-70. [PMID: 34174472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression co-occur frequently; however, their relationship remains controversial. This study was conducted primarily to discern heterogeneous patterns of such co-occurring symptoms in Chinese female university students, using a latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered statistical approach. METHODS The PMS Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to examine self-reported PMS and depression symptoms in 701 Chinese female university students. LPA, multinomial logistical regression, and analyses of variance were adopted to investigate latent profiles and their validity. RESULTS The LPA results indicated that a four-class solution characterized by low symptoms (57.2%), predominantly PMS (11.3%), predominantly depression (23.7%), and combined PMS-depression (7.8%) patterns fitted the data best. Age, first menstrual experience, and personality factors were associated with differences in nonparallel profiles characteristic of menstrual attitude. LIMITATIONS Use of self-report measures can lead to response biases; the cross-sectional design at a single time point limits the examination of changes in symptom characteristics and members within the category over time; and the specific age group limits the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION These results confirm that PMS is independent from depression, rather than a variant of depression, and can be used to resolve the controversy regarding the relationship between PMS and depression. The current findings highlight the need for identifying women at high risk for PMS and depression, and promoting interventions individually tailored to their symptom presentations.
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15
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Yang Z, Chen F, Liu S, Dai M, Zhang H. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale: A Translation and Validation Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:715507. [PMID: 34484076 PMCID: PMC8414633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to translate the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale (B-MSCS) into Chinese and validate its reliability and validity among hospice nurses. Methods: A total of 510 hospice nurses were recruited from three provinces in China. The reliability of the translated scale was measured by internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. The validity of the translated scale was evaluated by expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The Cronbach's α value of the Chinese version of B-MSCS was 0.920, and the Cronbach's α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.850 to 0.933. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.770 and 0.723, respectively. Furthermore, the content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.946. The 6-factor structure, supported by the eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot were obtained by using exploratory factor analysis. Moreover, as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the model fitting indexes were all in the acceptable range. Conclusion: The Chinese version of B-MSCS had suitable reliability and validity among hospice nurses. The developed scale will evaluate the level of mindful self-care of Chinese hospice nurses, providing an opportunity for development of targeted educational plans. Each item is a direct guide for hospice nurses to develop their mindful self-care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Nursing, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Dai
- Department of Nursing, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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16
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Raj S, Ghosh D, Verma SK, Singh T. The mindfulness trajectories of addressing suicidal behaviour: A systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:507-519. [PMID: 32998626 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020960776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Suicidal behaviour has been a persistent concern in medical as well as general settings. Many psychotherapeutic approaches have tried to address suicidal behaviour in different ways. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have garnered much attention in the last decade because of their treatment efficacy. This systematic review aimed to examine evidence-based research regarding the effectiveness of MBIs as a psychotherapy intervention on suicidality and to deliver suggestions that might help future research. METHOD The identification of literature was made through an extensive search of the electronic databases, to extract studies relating to the efficacy of MBIs on addressing suicidal behaviour. Additional researches based on library sources were searched manually. The studies' selection was based on a pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the quality of the studies. RESULTS The present review helped us identify 13 studies, including six randomised controlled trials, two controlled studies and five pre-post observational studies. The findings reported in the studies were mostly favourable to MBIs as an effective intervention strategy for suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSION MBIs show promising effects as an intervention for suicidal behaviour. However, large scale, high-quality trials with active control, and long term intervention efficacy studies are needed to understand the mechanisms through which MBIs reduce suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Raj
- Department of Psychology, Ramdayalu Singh College (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Debasruti Ghosh
- Department of Psychology, MDDM College (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sunil K Verma
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Singh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Anderson KM, Ghosh M, Karris MY, Capozzi E, Granger DA, Stockman JK. The biobehavioral impacts of sexual violence: Findings from an acute repeat survivor of vaginal rape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 17:17455065211031079. [PMID: 34253106 PMCID: PMC8280840 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals who have experienced repeat sexual violence victimization face
adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including immune and stress
response functioning. We aim to further understand repeat sexual violence
victimization to develop responsive and appropriate treatment for survivors
of sexual violence. Methods: We present the immunological and contextual findings of a participant
(N = 1) who experienced repeat sexual violence
victimization during her enrollment in The THRIVE Study, a prospective
case–control study of women aged 14–45 years, who have experienced recent
consensual vaginal penetration (“controls”) or forced vaginal penetration
(“cases”). Participants complete a survey, HIV/sexually transmitted
infection, and pregnancy testing, blood sampling for C-reactive protein and
adrenocorticotrophic hormone, collection of cervicovaginal fluid for
immunological biomarkers, and self-collection of saliva samples for cortisol
measurements, across study visits (Baseline, 1, and 3 months). Results: The case study participant, aged 18 years upon enrollment, experienced sexual
trauma before four of five study visits. Trends in the mental health
indicators demonstrate reciprocal fluctuations in adverse mental health and
resilience in accordance with revictimization and circumstantial changes.
Suppressed immune biomarkers appear to correlate with increased adverse
mental health, while mental health recovery trends with immunological
recovery. The participant presents with dysregulated
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis diurnal profile. Conclusions: This profile illustrates the intra-individual biobehavioral impact of
experience with revictimization over the course of 6 months, capturing
experiences that are rarely studied either longitudinally or with the depth
of the current research. The findings underscore the value of monitoring
cervicovaginal immune functioning and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
dysregulation in coordination with changes in mental health over the course
of repeated sexual trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maile Y Karris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor Capozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,School of Medicine and School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamila K Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Fenzel LM, Richardson KD. The Stress Process Among Emerging Adults: Spirituality, Mindfulness, Resilience, and Self-compassion as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-021-09384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Cotter EW, Hawthorne DJ, Gerker C, Norman M, Fotang JP. A Pilot Mindfulness Intervention to Reduce Heavy Episodic Drinking. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colin Gerker
- Berkeley People and Culture University of California, Berkeley
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20
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Park CHK, Lee JW, Moon J, Jeon DW, Lee SY, Shim SH, Kim SG, Lee J, Paik JW, Cho SJ, Kim MH, You S, Jeon HJ, Rhee SJ, Kim MJ, Kim J, Ahn YM. Early Trauma and Relationships among Recent Stress, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation in Korean Women. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e72. [PMID: 33724739 PMCID: PMC7961867 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence continues to accumulate that the presence or absence of early trauma (ET) implies unique characteristics in the relationships between suicidal ideation and its risk factors. We examined the relationships among recent stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Korean suicidal women with or without such a history. METHODS Using data on suicidal adult females, 217 victims and 134 non-victims of ET, from the Korean Cohort for the Model Predicting a Suicide and Suicide-related Behavior, we performed structural equation modeling to investigate the contribution of recent stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms on suicidal ideation within each group according to the presence or absence of a history of ET. RESULTS Structural equation modeling with anxiety and depressive symptoms as potential mediators showed a good fit. Recent stress had a direct effect on both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in both groups. Only anxiety symptoms for victims of ET (standardized regression weight, 0.281; P = 0.005) and depressive symptoms for non-victims of ET (standardized regression weight, 0.326; P = 0.003) were full mediators that increased suicidal ideation. Thus, stress contributed to suicidal ideation by increasing the level of anxiety and depressive symptoms for victims and non-victims, respectively. CONCLUSION Tailored strategies to reduce suicidal ideation should be implemented according to group type, victims or non-victims of ET. Beyond educating suicidal women in stress-management techniques, it would be effective to decrease anxiety symptoms for those with a history of ET and decrease depressive symptoms for those without such a history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungjoon Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sungeun You
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Sturgill R, Martinasek M, Schmidt T, Goyal R. A Novel Artificial Intelligence-Powered Emotional Intelligence and Mindfulness App (Ajivar) for the College Student Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantitative Questionnaire Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25372. [PMID: 33320822 PMCID: PMC7787688 DOI: 10.2196/25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness can impact the level of anxiety and depression that an individual experiences. These symptoms have been exacerbated among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ajivar is an app that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to deliver personalized mindfulness and EI training. Objective The main objective of this research study was to determine the effectiveness of delivering an EI curriculum and mindfulness techniques using an AI conversation platform, Ajivar, to improve symptoms of anxiety and depression during this pandemic. Methods A total of 99 subjects, aged 18 to 29 years, were recruited from a second-semester group of freshmen students. All participants completed the online TestWell Wellness Inventory at the start and end of the 14-week semester. The comparison group members (49/99, 49%) were given routine mental wellness instruction. The intervention group members (50/99, 51%) were required to complete Ajivar activities in addition to routine mental wellness instruction during the semester, which coincided with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This group also completed assessments to evaluate for anxiety, using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, and depression, using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Study participants reported a mean age of 19.9 (SD 1.94) years; 27% (27/99) of the group were male and 60% (59/99) identified as Caucasian. No significant demographic differences existed between the comparison and intervention groups. Subjects in the intervention group interacted with Ajivar for a mean time of 1424 (SD 1168) minutes. There was a significant decrease in anxiety, as measured by the GAD-7: the mean score was 11.47 (SD 1.85) at the start of the study compared to 6.27 (SD 1.44) at the end (P<.001). There was a significant reduction in the symptoms of depression measured by the PHQ-9: the mean score was 10.69 (SD 2.04) at the start of the study compared to 6.69 (SD 2.41) at the end (P=.001). Both the intervention and comparison groups independently had significant improvements in the TestWell Wellness Inventory from pretest to posttest. The subgroups in the social awareness and spirituality inventories showed significant improvement in the intervention group. In a subgroup of participants (11/49, 22%) where the GAD-7 was available during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in anxiety from the start of the study (mean score 11.63, SD 2.16) to mid-March (ie, onset of the pandemic) (mean score 13.03, SD 1.48; P=.23), followed by a significant decrease at the end of the study period (mean score 5.9, SD 1.44; P=.001). Conclusions It is possible to deliver EI and mindfulness training in a scalable way using the Ajivar app during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in improvements in anxiety, depression, and EI in the college student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronda Sturgill
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mary Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Raj Goyal
- Ajivar, Tarpon Springs, FL, United States
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22
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Moderating Effect of Mindfulness on the Influence of Stress on Depression According to the Level of Stress among University Students in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186634. [PMID: 32932987 PMCID: PMC7560191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress and depression are representative of the mental health problems of university students worldwide. This cross-sectional study explored the moderating effect of mindfulness on the influence of stress on depression according to the degree of life stress. The participants were 738 university students in years 2–4 in five 4-year universities in South Korea. Depression was positively correlated with stress and negatively with mindfulness at a statistically significant level. In multiple regression analysis, stress was found to have an effect by increasing depression, and mindfulness by relieving depression. In the moderated multiple regression analysis, mindfulness had a moderating effect on the impact of stress on depression only in low-stress groups, showing that the interaction of stress with mindfulness was significantly negative (β = −0.11, t = −2.52, p = 0.012) and the inclusion of this interaction significantly increased the explanatory power for depression variation (F change 6.36, p = 0.012) in the full model. In conclusion, we suggest considering stress levels in the development of mindfulness-based intervention strategies to effectively manage the depression of university students.
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23
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Gbessemehlan A, Arsandaux J, Orri M, Montagni I, Macalli M, Tournier M, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicidal ideation among students. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113284. [PMID: 32763545 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and suicidal ideation has been the focus of recent research interest among youths and young adults. However, the role perceived stress plays in this association is unclear. We investigated whether perceived stress accounts for the association between ADHD and subsequent suicidal ideation among French students enrolled in the i-Share cohort. The associations between ADHD symptoms, perceived stress at baseline, and suicidal ideation during follow-up were investigated using logistic regression models, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate the indirect effect via perceived stress. In total 4333 participants (median age: 20.3 years; [interquartile range: 18.7-21.8]) were included in the main analyses. ADHD was associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.15 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.04-1.26]). Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between ADHD and suicidal ideation (proportion explained 49%). Our study suggests that ADHD and perceived stress represent mental health targets for suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gbessemehlan
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institure, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Macalli
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Tournier
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR1219, Team HEALTHY, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Charles Perrens Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Moeller RW, Seehuus M, Simonds J, Lorton E, Randle TS, Richter C, Peisch V. The Differential Role of Coping, Physical Activity, and Mindfulness in College Student Adjustment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1858. [PMID: 32849091 PMCID: PMC7417773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has examined the function of stress management techniques, including coping, physical activity, and mindfulness on college students’ adjustment. The present study examined the differential contributions of three stress management techniques to students’ maladaptation (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) and adaptation (self-esteem). Undergraduate students (N = 1185) responded to an online survey. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that all three stress management techniques – coping, physical activity, and mindfulness – were related to the five outcomes as predicted. Higher levels of disengagement coping strategies were related to higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Components of mindfulness emerged as a strong predictor of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Martin Seehuus
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States.,Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jack Simonds
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Eleanor Lorton
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | | | - Cecilia Richter
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Virginia Peisch
- Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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25
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Caballero-Domínguez CC, Jiménez-Villamizar MP, Campo-Arias A. Suicide risk during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Colombia. DEATH STUDIES 2020; 46:885-890. [PMID: 32589519 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1784312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the high suicide risk during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Colombian population. A total of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 37.1, SD = 12.7; 68.0% women) completed an online questionnaire. Findings showed that 7.6% of participants reported a high suicide risk. High suicide risk was associated with high perceived stress related to COVID-19, risk of depressive episode, and insomnia. Our study suggests that 1 out of 13 Colombians in a non-probability sample reports a high suicide risk during COVID-19. Findings need to be corroborated in a representative sample of Colombians.
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26
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Olatunji OA, Idemudia ES, Olawa BD. Family support, self-efficacy and suicidal ideation at emerging adulthood: a mediation analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2020.1779762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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27
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Chesin MS, Jeglic EL. Mindfulness, and Specifically Compassion, Buffers the Relationship between Hopelessness and Suicide Ideation in College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2020.1753612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Chesin
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Jeglic
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York-John Jay College, New York, USA
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28
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Vorontsova-Wenger O, Ghisletta P, Ababkov V, Barisnikov K. Relationship Between Mindfulness, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Academic Performance in University Students. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:459-478. [PMID: 31973635 DOI: 10.1177/0033294119899906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that a mindfulness construct involving five component skills (observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience) is related to well-being and lessens depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, academic performance, and psychopathological symptoms in a sample of Swiss university students during preparation for examinations. A total sample of 150 university students from the psychology department at the University of Geneva were invited to report their mindfulness skills and academic performance, as well as anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, through self-report measures. Results indicated that the total mindfulness score and the nonreactivity facet of mindfulness were associated with depression scores. Furthermore, mindfulness skills were positively correlated with students' academic performance. Finally, certain demographic variables, such as gender, were linked to the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in our sample. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Department of Psychology, 27212University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Distance Learning University, Brig, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Ababkov
- Medical Psychology and Psychophysiology Department, 48544Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Bickford D, Morin RT, Nelson JC, Mackin RS. Determinants of Suicide-related Ideation in Late Life Depression: Associations with Perceived Stress. Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:37-45. [PMID: 31514586 PMCID: PMC6923534 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1666442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Perceived stress is emerging as a potential contributing factor in suicide-related ideation in older adults. We hypothesized higher levels of perceived stress would be associated with increased self-reported suicidal ideation independent of depressive symptom severity.Methods: This study used data from community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 with a current diagnosis of major depression. Eligible participants completed measures of depression symptom severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item), current suicidal ideation (Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale), and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale).Results: Participants were 225 older adults with a mean age of 71.4 (SD = 5.6). Sixty-five percent of the sample was female. Fifteen percent of the variance in suicidal ideation was accounted for by lower education (p = .03), male sex (p = .03) and higher current perceived stress (p < .001). Specifically, stress accounted for 12% of the variance.Conclusions: Perceived stress is an important avenue to increase identification of individuals with a higher risk of suicide-related ideation among older adults with a current diagnosis of major depression.Clinical Implications: Screening for perceived stress may allow for improved screening and prevention of suicidal activity in depressed older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bickford
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruth T Morin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Craig Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
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Li Y, Guo Y, Hong YA, Zhu M, Zeng C, Qiao J, Xu Z, Zhang H, Zeng Y, Cai W, Li L, Liu C. Mechanisms and Effects of a WeChat-Based Intervention on Suicide Among People Living With HIV and Depression: Path Model Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e14729. [PMID: 31774411 PMCID: PMC6906623 DOI: 10.2196/14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV and depression have high rates of suicide. Studies of mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in improving mental health in people living with HIV and depression. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms and effects of mHealth interventions on suicide. Objective This study was designed to examine the mechanisms and effects of a WeChat-based intervention, Run4Love, on suicide among people living with HIV and depression in China, while considering perceived stress and depressive symptoms as mediators. Methods A sample of 300 People living with HIV and depression was recruited from the outpatient clinic of a large HIV or AIDS treatment hospital and was randomized to the Run4Love group or a control group. Data were collected at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. Path analysis modeling, with longitudinal data, was used in data analyses. Results The Run4Love mHealth intervention had a direct effect on reducing suicide rate at the 6-month follow-up (beta=−.18, P=.02) and indirect effect through reducing perceived stress and depressive symptoms at the 3-month follow-up (beta=−.09, P=.001). A partial mediating effect between perceived stress and depressive symptoms accounted for 33% (–0.09/–0.27) of the total effect. Conclusions Through path analyses, we understood the mechanisms and effects of an mHealth intervention on suicide prevention. The findings underscored the importance of stress reduction and depression treatment in such a program. We call for more effective suicide prevention, especially mHealth interventions targeting the vulnerable population of people living with HIV and depression. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-17012606; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=21019
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Center for Global Health, Institute of State Governance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Alicia Hong
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Mengting Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengbo Zeng
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jiaying Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxi Zhang
- National Center of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eight People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eight People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Eight People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Huberty J, Green J, Glissmann C, Larkey L, Puzia M, Lee C. Efficacy of the Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App "Calm" to Reduce Stress Among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14273. [PMID: 31237569 PMCID: PMC6614998 DOI: 10.2196/14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background College students experience high levels of stress. Mindfulness meditation delivered via a mobile app may be an appealing, efficacious way to reduce stress in college students. Objective We aimed to test the initial efficacy and sustained effects of an 8-week mindfulness meditation mobile app—Calm—compared to a wait-list control on stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion in college students with elevated stress. We also explored the intervention’s effect on health behaviors (ie, sleep disturbance, alcohol consumption [binge drinking], physical activity, and healthy eating [fruit and vegetable consumption]) and the feasibility and acceptability of the app. Methods This study was a randomized, wait-list, control trial with assessments at baseline, postintervention (8 weeks), and at follow-up (12 weeks). Participants were eligible if they were current full-time undergraduate students and (1) at least 18 years of age, (2) scored ≥14 points on the Perceived Stress Scale, (3) owned a smartphone, (4) were willing to download the Calm app, (5) were willing to be randomized, and (7) were able to read and understand English. Participants were asked to meditate using Calm at least 10 minutes per day. A P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 88 participants were included in the analysis. The mean age (SD) was 20.41 (2.31) years for the intervention group and 21.85 (6.3) years for the control group. There were significant differences in all outcomes (stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion) between the intervention and control groups after adjustment for covariates postintervention (all P<.04). These effects persisted at follow-up (all P<.03), except for the nonreacting subscale of mindfulness (P=.08). There was a significant interaction between group and time factors in perceived stress (P=.002), mindfulness (P<.001), and self-compassion (P<.001). Bonferroni posthoc tests showed significant within-group mean differences for perceived stress in the intervention group (P<.001), while there were no significant within-group mean differences in the control group (all P>.19). Similar results were found for mindfulness and self-compassion. Effect sizes ranged from moderate (0.59) to large (1.24) across all outcomes. A significant group×time interaction in models of sleep disturbance was found, but no significant effects were found for other health behaviors. The majority of students in the intervention group reported that Calm was helpful to reduce stress and stated they would use Calm in the future. The majority were satisfied using Calm and likely to recommend it to other college students. The intervention group participated in meditation for an average of 38 minutes/week during the intervention and 20 minutes/week during follow-up. Conclusions Calm is an effective modality to deliver mindfulness meditation in order to reduce stress and improve mindfulness and self-compassion in stressed college students. Our findings provide important information that can be applied to the design of future studies or mental health resources in university programs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03891810; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03891810
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huberty
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jeni Green
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Christine Glissmann
- Department of Student Affairs, University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, United States
| | - Linda Larkey
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Megan Puzia
- Behavioral Research and Analytics, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chong Lee
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Newhart S, Mullen PR, Gutierrez D. Expanding Perspectives: Systemic Approaches to College Students Experiencing Depression. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Newhart
- Department of Counselor EducationCollege of William & Mary
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Hou XL, Wang HZ, Hu TQ, Gentile DA, Gaskin J, Wang JL. The relationship between perceived stress and problematic social networking site use among Chinese college students. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:306-317. [PMID: 31172814 PMCID: PMC7044554 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Perceived stress has been regarded as a risk factor for problematic social networking site (SNS) use, yet little is known about the underlying processes whereby confounding variables may mediate or moderate this relationship. To answer this question, this study examined whether depression and anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use, and whether these mediating processes were moderated by psychological resilience and social support. METHODS Participants were 641 Chinese college students who completed anonymous questionnaires measuring perceived stress, depression/anxiety, psychological resilience, social support, and problematic SNS use. RESULTS The results showed that (a) depression/anxiety mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic SNS use; (b) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety on the association between perceived stress and problematic SNS use were moderated by psychological resilience. Specifically, the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were stronger for individuals with lower levels of psychological resilience, compared with those with higher levels of psychological resilience; and (c) the mediating effects of depression/anxiety were not moderated by social support, although social support was negatively related to depression/anxiety. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study can contribute to a better understanding of how and when perceived stress increases the risk of problematic SNS use, and implies the importance of enhancing psychological resilience in preventing problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Hou
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Wang
- Department of Tourism and Art for Humanity, Chongqing Youth and Vocational Technical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Hu
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - James Gaskin
- Department of Information System, Brigham Young University, UT, USA
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Perceived cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: Perceived stress and sleep quality as mediators. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 25:150-155. [PMID: 30081314 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation of the central nervous system, is associated with a myriad of symptoms. Individuals with MS are more likely to experience depressive symptoms, perhaps due to perceived cognitive impairments. Thus, we aimed to explore perceived stress and sleep deficits as potential mediators of the association between perceived cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms. We recruited a sample of 77 MS participants from an outpatient, university-based MS clinic in the United States. Participants ranged in age between 30 and 75 years old (M = 51.12; SD = 9.6), with more females than males (83% female; n = 64). Participants completed the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale - Revised. Correlation analyses and mediation analyses were conducted with bootstrapping technique. Statistical analyses revealed that higher levels of perceived cognitive deficits were associated with lower quality of sleep, more perceived stress, and higher levels of depressive symptoms. Additionally, both perceived stress and sleep quality served as a significant mediator in the perceived cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms linkage. Our novel findings demonstrate the importance of underlying mechanisms (e.g., sleep quality and perceived stress) in the conceptualization of MS. Perceived stress and sleep quality are potentially modifiable factors, perhaps serving as a target for future treatment, to buffer risk of MS patients developing depression.
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