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Martin CL, Ghastine L, Wegienka G, Wise LA, Baird DD, Vines AI. Early Life Disadvantage and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms among Young Black Women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1819-1828. [PMID: 37380937 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OVERVIEW We examined the association between early-life socioeconomic disadvantage and depressive symptoms in adulthood and assessed whether social factors in adulthood modify the association. METHODS The 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) assessed adult depressive symptoms among 1612 Black women and other participants with a uterus (hereafter participants) in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids. Baseline self-reported childhood factors (i.e., parents in the household, mother's educational attainment, food insecurity, neighborhood safety, childhood income, and quiet bedroom for sleep) were included in a latent class analysis to derive an early life disadvantage construct. Multivariable log-binomial models estimated the association between early life disadvantage and adult depressive symptoms. Potential effect modifiers included adult educational attainment, social support, and financial difficulty. RESULTS Participants classified as having high early life disadvantage had 1.34 times (95% CI: 1.20, 1.49) the risk of high depressive symptoms than those in the low early life disadvantage class after adjusting for age, first born status, and childhood health. Adult educational attainment and social support modified the association. CONCLUSION Early life disadvantage increased the risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood. Participants with at least some college education and with high social support had greater risk than those with less than college education and low social support, respectively. Thus, the mental health of Black women and other participants with a uterus exposed to early life disadvantage do not necessarily benefit from higher education or from social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel L Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lea Ghastine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anissa I Vines
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Khanal G, Selvamani Y. Association of perceived childhood socio-economic status and health with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in India: using data from LASI Wave I, 2017-2018. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38443843 PMCID: PMC10916066 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adverse experience has been linked with poor health outcomes across the life course. Nevertheless, whether such an association or direction could be projected to older people's life remains still unclear and needs to generate more evidence, particularly in India. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association of childhood socio-economic status and health with depressive symptoms amongst middle- aged and older adults in India. METHODS The data for the study was drawn from national representative survey "Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)" Wave I, 2017-2018 in order to conduct cross-sectional study. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the association of childhood socioeconomic status and health with depressive symptoms in the older population. RESULTS Poor childhood health was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms (AoR: 1.56, CI: 1.19, 2.04). Likewise, respondents who were bedridden for a month during their childhood had high odds of developing depressive symptoms (AoR: 1.16 CI: 1.01, 1.34). In addition to this, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased significantly among the average (AoR: 1.28 CI: 1.08, 1.51) and poor childhood socioeconomic status group (AoR: 1.31 CI: 1.11, 1.55) as compared to the higher socioeconomic category. CONCLUSIONS Childhood socioeconomic status and health have a significant role in determining mental health in later life. Results suggest that considering childhood socioeconomic status and health is important while diagnosing depression in older population in order to identify the significant associated factors in early childhood and thus help in preventing depressive symptoms in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Khanal
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur-603 203 Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y Selvamani
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur-603 203 Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Barnett P, Oshinowo I, Cooper C, Taylor C, Smith S, Pilling S. The association between social class and the impact of treatment for mental health problems: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:581-603. [PMID: 36418643 PMCID: PMC10066076 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to synthesise all quantitative literature on the association between social class and the effectiveness of interventions for mental health disorders. METHODS Systematic literature searches (inception-March 2021) were conducted across 7 databases, and all quantitative studies meeting inclusion criteria, examining the impact of social class on access to treatment, or intervention effectiveness, or the impact of treatment on social mobility, were synthesised narratively. RESULTS Evidence suggests that lower social class may be associated with reduced access to primary and secondary mental health care and increased likelihood of access via crisis services, and patients of lower social class may not benefit from all mental health interventions, with reduced effectiveness. While limited, there was some indication that psychosocial interventions could encourage increased employment rates. CONCLUSION Social class is associated with the effectiveness of psychological interventions, and should be considered when designing new interventions to prevent barriers to access and improve effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Barnett
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK.
| | - Iyinoluwa Oshinowo
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - Christopher Cooper
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Clare Taylor
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - Shubulade Smith
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK
| | - Stephen Pilling
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Hong Y, Wang X, Liu L, Su Y, Chen L, Lian R, Liao M. The relationship between social class and subjective well-being: A serial mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1002585. [PMID: 36300082 PMCID: PMC9589417 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent research associating social class with subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between the two, manifested through victim justice sensitivity and envy, has not been properly investigated. Guided by social comparison and social cognitive tendency theories, we explored the direct and indirect relationships between social class and SWB among Chinese undergraduate students. This study employed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based research design. 1,405 undergraduate students completed questionnaires regarding subjective social class, victim justice sensitivity, envy, and SWB. The results showed that social class was positively related to SWB and negatively associated with victim justice sensitivity and envy. Victim justice sensitivity was negatively related to SWB, victim justice sensitivity was positively related to envy, and envy was negatively associated with SWB. Social class correlated with SWB through three paths: the mediating role of victim justice sensitivity, the mediating role of envy, and the serial mediating roles of victim justice sensitivity and envy. The results indicate that social class could contribute to college students’ SWB through the mechanisms of victim justice sensitivity and envy. This study advances the understanding of how the relationship between social class and college students’ SWB operates. Furthermore, the findings will facilitate the promotion of college students’ SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Hong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Preschool Education, Fujian Preschool Education College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liting Liu
- School of Management Studies, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yankui Su
- College of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Lian
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liao
- The School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Liao,
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Leigh E, Rimfeld K, Bowes L, Clark DM, Eley TC, Krebs G. Prospective associations between internalising symptoms and educational achievement in youth: A monozygotic twin differences study. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:199-205. [PMID: 35390354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational achievement is an independent predictor of many life outcomes and so it is important to understand its causes and correlates. Internalising symptoms, encompassing anxiety and depression symptoms, are one candidate influence. METHODS Using a prospective and genetically-informative design, the present study investigated the associations between internalising symptoms and educational achievement, controlling for IQ at age 7 years and socioeconomic status, among participants of the Twin and Early Development Study (up to N = 10,791). Internalising symptoms were measured by the parent-rated Anxiety Related Behaviours Questionnaire (ages 7, 9, 16 years), and educational attainment were indexed by UK-wide standardized examination results at ages 16 and 18 years, and self-reported transition to university education. RESULTS Negative affect was the only internalising symptom subtype that was uniquely associated with academic underachievement at all timepoints, from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. The association between negative affect and achievement became non-significant when using MZ twin difference scores, suggesting that the majority of the relationship is accounted for by genetic and shared environmental effects. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the reliance on parent-reported internalising symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Negative affect in youth may be an important marker of later academic underachievement. Findings suggest that academic underachievement is not simply a consequence of the disruption caused by negative affect symptoms and therefore educational interventions may be required to optimise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Leigh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Clark
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; University College London, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK; National and Specialist OCD and Related Disorders Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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6
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Tang L, Yin R, Hu Q, Fan Z, Zhang F. The effect of childhood socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms in middle-old age: the mediating role of life satisfaction. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35701744 PMCID: PMC9195317 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) can influence the development and progression of depression in adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of childhood SES on depressive symptoms in individuals of middle-old age and examine the potential mediating role of life satisfaction based on national data in China. METHODS Data were derived from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. A total of 17,129 individuals who were aged 45 years and older were included. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms in middle-old age. Childhood SES was the independent variable, and life satisfaction was the mediator. This study controlled four factors: general demographic characteristics, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status. Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed, and the Baron and Kenny method was used to test the mediating role. RESULTS The score of depressive symptoms among all participants was 7.88 ± 6.65. Gender, age, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status all affected the development of depression symptom in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. After adjusting for all covariates, the higher the childhood SES, the lower the depressive symptom score (β = - 0.422, P < 0.001). Life satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between childhood SES and depressive symptoms. Low childhood SES may improve life satisfaction (β = 0.051, P < 0.001) and life satisfaction indirectly decreases depressive symptom scores (β = - 0.403, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Life satisfaction was a partial mediator between childhood SES and depressive symptoms in middle and old age. Improving life satisfaction may serve as an intervention to reduce the incidence of depression symptoms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Yin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoya Fan
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Harlow SD, Burnett-Bowie SAM, Greendale GA, Avis NE, Reeves AN, Richards TR, Lewis TT. Disparities in Reproductive Aging and Midlife Health between Black and White women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Womens Midlife Health 2022; 8:3. [PMID: 35130984 PMCID: PMC8822825 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews differences in the experience of the menopause transition and midlife health outcomes between Black and White women who participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a 25-year, longitudinal, multi-racial/ethnic cohort study. We identify health disparities, i.e., instances in which Black women's outcomes are less favorable than those of White women, and consider whether structural racism may underlie these disparities. Although SWAN did not explicitly assess structural racism, Black women in SWAN grew up during the Jim Crow era in the United States, during which time racism was legally sanctioned. We consider how we might gain insight into structural racism by examining proxy exposures such as socioeconomic characteristics, reports of everyday discrimination, and a range of life stressors, which likely reflect the longstanding, pervasive and persistent inequities that have roots in systemic racism in the US. Thus, this paper reviews the presence, magnitude, and longitudinal patterns of racial disparities observed in SWAN in six areas of women's health - menopause symptoms, sleep, mental health, health related quality of life, cardio-metabolic health, and physical function -and elucidates the contextual factors that are likely influencing these disparities. We review the strengths and weaknesses of SWAN's design and approach to analysis of racial disparities and use this as a springboard to offer recommendations for future cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, United States, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104-2029, USA.
| | - Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Gail A Greendale
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nancy E Avis
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Alexis N Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Thomas R Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Tené T Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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Yelton B, Friedman DB, Noblet S, Lohman MC, Arent MA, Macauda MM, Sakhuja M, Leith KH. Social Determinants of Health and Depression among African American Adults: A Scoping Review of Current Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031498. [PMID: 35162519 PMCID: PMC8834771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Depression in the United States (US) is increasing across all races and ethnicities and is attributed to multiple social determinants of health (SDOH). For members of historically marginalized races and ethnicities, depression is often underreported and undertreated, and can present as more severe. Limited research explores multiple SDOH and depression among African American adults in the US. Guided by Healthy People (HP) 2030, and using cross-disciplinary mental health terminology, we conducted a comprehensive search to capture studies specific to African American adults in the US published after 2016. We applied known scoping review methodology and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. From 12,315 initial results, 60 studies were included in our final sample. Most studies explored the HP 2030 Social and Community Context domain, with a heavy focus on discrimination and social support; no studies examined Health Care Access and Quality. Researchers typically utilized cross-sectional, secondary datasets; no qualitative studies were included. We recommend research that comprehensively examines mental health risk and protective factors over the life course within, not just between, populations to inform tailored health promotion and public policy interventions for improving SDOH and reducing racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Yelton
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Noblet
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Matthew C. Lohman
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michelle A. Arent
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Mark M. Macauda
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Center for Applied Research and Evaluation, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mayank Sakhuja
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Katherine H. Leith
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.Y.); (S.N.); (M.A.A.); (M.M.M.); (M.S.); (K.H.L.)
- Office for the Study of Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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Landim JMM, Rolim Neto ML, Christofolini DM. Psychic suffering and depression in black children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10380. [PMID: 34287573 PMCID: PMC8289347 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common disorder in the population, but some people are more vulnerable to this condition. Groups at higher risk of developing psychic suffering include black children and adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. This study aimed to analyze race and life conditions as determinants of depression in children and adolescents. This was a systematic review with meta-analysis. The study sources were MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database, Science Citation Index-Expanded, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. The following keywords were used: Child, Adolescent, Stress, Psychological, Depression, and African Continental Ancestry Group, using the logical operators AND and OR. The general criteria were observational studies published in the last 20 years. Language was not restricted to avoid possible bias in the selection of articles. Studies with a high risk of bias were excluded. General analysis was conducted with RStudio 3.0 software using odds ratio analysis with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 significance level. We firstly found 654 studies, of which 18 met the criteria and were included in this review. Race and life conditions were determinants of depression in children and adolescents, with a negative impact for the black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M M Landim
- Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - M L Rolim Neto
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
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Simanek AM, Meier HCS, D'Aloisio AA, Sandler DP. Objective and subjective childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and incident depression in adulthood: a longitudinal analysis in the Sister Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1201-1210. [PMID: 33881563 PMCID: PMC8580191 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the role of objective versus subjective childhood socioeconomic disadvantage (SD) in depression onset in adulthood among women, independent of later life SD, and across birth cohorts, is limited. We examined the association between objective (i.e., household education level) and subjective (i.e., rank of family income and report of not enough food to eat) SD during childhood and diagnosis of clinical depression after age 30 among 47,055 women in the Sister Study. We used Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for women's race/ethnicity, childhood household composition, mother's age at her birth adulthood educational attainment, and calendar year of birth. Analyses were repeated stratified by 10-year birth group. A total of 8036 (17.1%) women were diagnosed with clinical depression over a mean follow-up of 24.0 (± 9.9) years. Those reporting being poor (versus well-off) or not having enough food to eat in childhood had a 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13, 1.44) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.21, 1.41) times higher rate of depression diagnosis, respectively, with consistent associations observed across birth year groups. An inverse association between low household education level and incident depression was observed at baseline (i.e., age 30) becoming positive over time in the total sample but only among women born between 1935-1954 in analyses stratified by 10-year birth group. Our findings suggest that subjective SD in childhood is a largely consistent predictor of depression onset among women in adulthood whereas the effects of household education level in childhood may vary across women born into different birth cohorts, and for some, across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Simanek
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA.
| | - Helen C S Meier
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th St, Milwaukee, WI, 53205, USA
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Chung T, Hipwell AE, Stepp SD, Miller E, Sartor CE. Profiles of young women's alcohol and cannabis use linked to risk for sexually transmitted infection highlight the importance of multi-level targeted interventions: Findings from the Pittsburgh girls study. Subst Abus 2021; 43:231-239. [PMID: 34143947 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1931634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Social ecological models designed to understand disparities in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence highlight understudied structural and community risk factors. Guided by a social ecological model, this study identified profiles based on substance use-related STI risk, and examined associations of the profiles with selected indicators of structural-, community-, and individual-level STI risk factors. Methods: Repeated measures latent class analysis was applied to Pittsburgh Girls Study data (n = 2,138; 58% Black, 42% White) at ages 18-20. Profile indicators included: women's and partner's alcohol and cannabis use, women's sexual risk behavior, and self-reported STI. Profile predictors included racial background, structural-, community-, and individual-level risk factors. Results: Two of the five identified profiles had low STI likelihood: "Low Use" of alcohol and cannabis (25.5%; overrepresented by Black women), and "Alcohol Only" (19.1%; overrepresented by White women). Three profiles, all representing co-use of alcohol and cannabis, had higher STI likelihood: "Co-Use: Increasing Alcohol and Occasional Cannabis use" (16.5%; overrepresented by White women), "Co-Use: Occasional Alcohol and Cannabis use" (26.1%; overrepresented by Black women), and "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" (12.8%; overrepresented by Black women). Structural STI risk (household use of public assistance at wave 1) was associated with "Low Use" and "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" profiles. STI risk at multiple levels (structural, neighborhood, individual) was associated with the "Co-Use: Frequent Cannabis and Occasional Alcohol use" profile. Conclusions: Co-use of alcohol and cannabis is an important target for STI prevention efforts. Results also highlight structural- and community-level STI risk factors that disproportionately impact Black women, and the importance of multi-level interventions that are targeted to profile of risk to optimize the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Depressive Symptoms and Healthy Behavior Frequency in Polish Postmenopausal Women from Urban and Rural Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062967. [PMID: 33799359 PMCID: PMC8001997 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the severity of depressive symptoms was linked to healthy behaviors in Polish postmenopausal women and whether the strength of the link differed between women living in urban versus rural settings. The study was conducted in 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland and included 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 in urban areas). The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the frequency of healthy behaviors was assessed using the Inventory of Healthy Behaviors. Postmenopausal women living in rural areas underwent menopause significantly earlier, were more often widowed, more often obese, more often less educated, and less likely to have never married when compared to those living in urban areas. Importantly, rural postmenopausal women endorsed more depressive symptoms (p = 0.049). There was a negative correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and age in urban postmenopausal women (r = −0.174, p = 0.029), but this was not evident in rural women (r = −0.034, p = 0.600). The frequency of healthy behaviors was significantly lower in rural postmenopausal women, especially with respect to nutritional habits. A positive correlation was found between the frequency of healthy behaviors and the level of education in both sets of women (p = 0.034 and p = 0.045, respectively). To summarize, we found a significant link between healthy behaviors and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. We also found that this link was more evident in rural than in urban women.
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13
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Hashemi L, Fanslow J, Gulliver P, McIntosh T. Intergenerational Impact of Violence Exposure: Emotional-Behavioural and School Difficulties in Children Aged 5-17. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771834. [PMID: 35058819 PMCID: PMC8764379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The intergenerational impacts of parental exposure to violence during childhood and adulthood have largely been investigated separately. This limits our understanding of how cumulative violence exposure over a lifespan elevates the risk of subsequent generation's maladjustment. To address this, we examined if parental exposure to violence during childhood and during adulthood was associated with increased emotional-behavioural and school difficulties among the children of these parents. Further, we examined if parental exposure to cumulative violence increased the odds of their children experiencing difficulties. Participants and Setting: 705 participants (354 mothers and 351 fathers) from the 2019 New Zealand Family Violence Survey, a population-based study conducted in New Zealand between March 2017 and March 2019. Methods: Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to ascertain the impact of parental exposure to violence on children's outcomes after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. The impact of parental cumulative violence exposure on children's outcomes was also explored. Results: Findings indicated that children of parents who had histories of exposure to violence during childhood were at increased risk for experiencing emotional-behavioural or school difficulties. However, where parents reported a history of childhood abuse but not adult experience of violence, their children had similar odds of experiencing difficulties as the children of parents who had not been exposed to any violence in their lifetime. Children of parents who had been exposed to violence only during adulthood were at higher risk of experiencing emotional-behavioural difficulties compared with children of parents with no violence exposure. Children of parents with histories of exposure to violence during both childhood and adulthood had the highest prevalence of experiencing emotional/behavioural and school difficulties. Conclusion: These findings highlight the intergenerational impacts of violence exposure and the complex intersections between parents' and children's life experiences. Our findings suggest the need for violence prevention initiatives to foster the development of safe, stable and nurturing relationships and to expand services for parents already exposed to violence to build resilience and to break the inter-generational cycle of disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Hashemi
- Department of Social and Community Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janet Fanslow
- Department of Social and Community Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pauline Gulliver
- Department of Social and Community Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tracey McIntosh
- Māori Studies and Pacific Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Pérez-Marfil MN, Fernández-Alcántara M, Fasfous AF, Burneo-Garcés C, Pérez-García M, Cruz-Quintana F. Influence of Socio-Economic Status on Psychopathology in Ecuadorian Children. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:43. [PMID: 32116858 PMCID: PMC7034357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The socioeconomic status (SES) of parents has been reported to have a crucial impact on emotional competence in childhood. However, studies have largely been carried out in developed countries and in children in a specific age range, and it is not clear whether the effect of the SES of parents varies by age. The objective of this study was to investigate the psychopathological profile (including externalizing and internalizing problems) of children aged 7, 9, and 11 years old with low SES in a developing country (Ecuador). The study included 274 children (139 boys and 135 girls), who were divided between medium-SES (n = 133) and low-SES (n = 141) groups. Data were gathered on socioeconomic and anthropometric variables of the children, and the parents completed the Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL). In comparison to the medium-SES group, children in the low-SES group obtained higher scores for internalizing and externalizing symptoms and for total problems, and they obtained lower scores for social competence skills. The housing risk index and school competence were the two main predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Fernández-Alcántara
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ahmed F Fasfous
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Social Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Carlos Burneo-Garcés
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Carrera de Derecho, Universidad de Otavalo, Otavalo, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Cruz-Quintana
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Bromberger JT, Epperson CN. Depression During and After the Perimenopause: Impact of Hormones, Genetics, and Environmental Determinants of Disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2018; 45:663-678. [PMID: 30401549 PMCID: PMC6226029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability to depression is increased across the menopause transition and in the early years after the final menstrual period. Clinicians should systematically screen women in this age group; if depressive symptoms or disorder are present, treatment of depression should be initiated. Potential treatments include antidepressants for moderate to severe symptoms, psychotherapy to target psychological and interpersonal factors, and hormone therapy for women with first-onset major depressive disorder or elevated depressive symptoms and at low risk for adverse effects. Behavioral interventions can improve physical activity and sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce T Bromberger
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Cynthia Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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16
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Krause N. Assessing the relationships among stress, god-mediated control, and psychological distress/well-being: Does the level of education matter? The Journal of Social Psychology 2018; 159:2-14. [PMID: 29364784 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1431604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary functions of religion is to help people cope with stressful life events. The purpose of the current study is to see if God-mediated control beliefs perform this stress-buffering function. God-mediated control refers to the belief that people work together with God to reduce the effects of unwanted stressors in their lives. An effort is made to probe this relationship more deeply by seeing whether the stress moderating function of God-mediated control beliefs varies across levels of educational attainment. Findings from a recent nationwide survey suggest that strong God-mediated control beliefs reduce the magnitude of the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms, anxiety, happiness, and hope, but only among more highly educated study participants. In contrast, God-mediated control beliefs do not appear to influence the relationship between stress and distress/well-being among study participants with lower levels of educational attainment.
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