1
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Brissos V, Borges PT, Sancho F, Lucas MF, Frazão C, Conzuelo F, Martins LO. Flexible active-site loops fine-tune substrate specificity of hyperthermophilic metallo-oxidases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:339-351. [PMID: 38227199 PMCID: PMC11111587 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic ('superheat-loving') archaea found in high-temperature environments such as Pyrobaculum aerophilum contain multicopper oxidases (MCOs) with remarkable efficiency for oxidizing cuprous and ferrous ions. In this work, directed evolution was used to expand the substrate specificity of P. aerophilum McoP for organic substrates. Six rounds of error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling followed by high-throughput screening lead to the identification of a hit variant with a 220-fold increased efficiency (kcat/Km) than the wild-type for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) without compromising its intrinsic activity for metal ions. The analysis of the X-ray crystal structure reveals four proximal mutations close to the T1Cu active site. One of these mutations is within the 23-residues loop that occludes this site, a distinctive feature of prokaryotic MCOs. The increased flexibility of this loop results in an enlarged tunnel and one additional pocket that facilitates bulky substrate-enzyme interactions. These findings underscore the synergy between mutations that modulate the dynamics of the active-site loop enabling enhanced catalytic function. This study highlights the potential of targeting loops close to the T1Cu for engineering improvements suitable for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brissos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia T Borges
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ferran Sancho
- Zymvol Biomodeling, C/ Pau Claris, 94, 3B, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Frazão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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2
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Thangavel B, Venkatachalam G, Shin JH. Emerging Trends of Bilirubin Oxidases at the Bioelectrochemical Interface: Paving the Way for Self-Powered Electrochemical Devices and Biosensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1381-1399. [PMID: 38437181 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidases (BODs) [EC 1.3.3.5 - bilirubin: oxygen oxido-reductase] are enzymes that belong to the multicopper oxidase family and can oxidize bilirubin, diphenols, and aryl amines and reduce the oxygen by direct four-electron transfer from the electrode with almost no electrochemical overpotential. Therefore, BOD is a promising bioelectrocatalyst for (self-powered) biosensors and/or enzymatic fuel cells. The advantages of electrochemically active BOD enzymes include selective biosensing, biocatalysis for efficient energy conversion, and electrosynthesis. Owing to the rise in publications and patents, as well as the expanding interest in BODs for a range of physiological conditions, this Review analyzes scientific literature reports on BOD enzymes and current hypotheses on their bioelectrocatalysis. This Review evaluates the specific research outcomes of the BOD in enzyme (protein) engineering, immobilization strategies, and challenges along with their bioelectrochemical properties, limitations, and applications in the fields of (i) biosensors, (ii) self-powered biosensors, and (iii) biofuel cells for powering bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Thangavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Venkatachalam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li L, Liu Z, Meng D, Liu Y, Liu T, Jiang C, Yin H. Sequence similarity network and protein structure prediction offer insights into the evolution of microbial pathways for ferrous iron oxidation. mSystems 2023; 8:e0072023. [PMID: 37768051 PMCID: PMC10654088 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00720-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Microbial Fe(II) oxidation is a crucial process that harnesses and converts the energy available in Fe, contributing significantly to global element cycling. However, there are still many aspects of this process that remain unexplored. In this study, we utilized a combination of comparative genomics, sequence similarity network analysis, and artificial intelligence-driven structure modeling methods to address the lack of structural information on Fe(II) oxidation proteins and offer a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of Fe(II) oxidation pathways. Our findings suggest that several microbial Fe(II) oxidation pathways currently known may have originated within classes Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Chengying Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Skvortsov AN, Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV. Chemical background of silver nanoparticles interfering with mammalian copper metabolism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131093. [PMID: 36905906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) boosts their release into the environment, which raises a reasonable alarm for ecologists and health specialists. This is manifested as increased research devoted to the influence of AgNPs on physiological and cellular processes in various model systems, including mammals. The topic of the present paper is the ability of silver to interfere with copper metabolism, the potential health effects of this interference, and the danger of low silver concentrations to humans. The chemical properties of ionic and nanoparticle silver, supporting the possibility of silver release by AgNPs in extracellular and intracellular compartments of mammals, are discussed. The possibility of justified use of silver for the treatment of some severe diseases, including tumors and viral infections, based on the specific molecular mechanisms of the decrease in copper status by silver ions released from AgNPs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Skvortsov
- Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova
- Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems (RC AFMLCS), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- Graduate School of Biomedical Systems and Technologies, Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia; Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems (RC AFMLCS), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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5
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A quinoline-fluoran hybrid fluorescent probe for selectively and sensitively sensing copper ions and fluorescence imaging application. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Brissos V, Borges P, Núñez-Franco R, Lucas MF, Frazão C, Monza E, Masgrau L, Cordeiro TN, Martins LO. Distal Mutations Shape Substrate-Binding Sites during Evolution of a Metallo-Oxidase into a Laccase. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5022-5035. [PMID: 36567772 PMCID: PMC9775220 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are in increasing demand as innovative solutions in the biorefinery fields. Here, we combine mutagenesis with structural, kinetic, and in silico analyses to characterize the molecular features that cause the evolution of a hyperthermostable metallo-oxidase from the multicopper oxidase family into a laccase (k cat 273 s-1 for a bulky aromatic substrate). We show that six mutations scattered across the enzyme collectively modulate dynamics to improve the binding and catalysis of a bulky aromatic substrate. The replacement of residues during the early stages of evolution is a stepping stone for altering the shape and size of substrate-binding sites. Binding sites are then fine-tuned through high-order epistasis interactions by inserting distal mutations during later stages of evolution. Allosterically coupled, long-range dynamic networks favor catalytically competent conformational states that are more suitable for recognizing and stabilizing the aromatic substrate. This work provides mechanistic insight into enzymatic and evolutionary molecular mechanisms and spots the importance of iterative experimental and computational analyses to understand local-to-global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brissos
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia
T. Borges
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Carlos Frazão
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emanuele Monza
- Zymvol
Biomodeling, Carrer Roc
Boronat, 117, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Zymvol
Biomodeling, Carrer Roc
Boronat, 117, 08018 Barcelona, Spain,Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tiago N. Cordeiro
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal,
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7
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Zhan J, Sun H, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Yang X. Loops constructing the substrate-binding site controlled the catalytic efficiency of Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 laccase. Biochimie 2022; 200:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Duan Y, Wang L, Li X, Wang W, Wang J, Liu X, Zhong Y, Cao N, Tong M, Ge W, Guo Y, Li R. Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12 play crucial roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:598-614. [PMID: 34775642 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen-expressed SKS11 and SKS12 play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. The sks11sks12 mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen from sks11sks12 plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11-GFP and SKS12-mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls of sks11sks12 plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye and use of the H2 O2 sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes of sks11sks12 plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His-Ala , in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes of sks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Nana Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Weina Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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9
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Roulling F, Godin A, Feller G. Function and versatile location of Met-rich inserts in blue oxidases involved in bacterial copper resistance. Biochimie 2022; 194:118-126. [PMID: 34982982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cuproxidases form a subgroup of the blue multicopper oxidase family. They display disordered methionine-rich loops, not observable in most available crystal structures, which have been suggested to bind toxic Cu(I) ions before oxidation into less harmful Cu(II) by the core enzyme. We found that the location of the Met-rich regions is highly variable in bacterial cuproxidases, but always inserted in solvent exposed surface loops, at close proximity of the conserved T1 copper binding site. We took advantage of the large differences in loop length between cold-adapted, mesophilic and thermophilic oxidase homologs to unravel the function of the methionine-rich regions involved in copper detoxification. Using a newly developed anaerobic assay for cuprous ions, it is shown that the number of Cu(I) bound is nearly proportional to the loop lengths in these cuproxidases and to the number of potential Cu(I) ligands in these loops. In order to substantiate this relation, the longest loop in the cold-adapted oxidase was deleted, lowering bound extra Cu(I) from 9 in the wild-type enzyme to 2-3 Cu(I) in deletion mutants. These results demonstrate that methionine-rich loops behave as molecular octopus scavenging toxic cuprous ions in the periplasm and that these regions are essential components of bacterial copper resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roulling
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering - InBioS, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine Godin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering - InBioS, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering - InBioS, University of Liège, Belgium.
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10
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Bengi K, Maddikayala S, Pulimamidi SR. DNA binding, cleavage, docking, biological and kinetic studies of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes with ortho‐vanillin Schiff base derivative. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Bengi
- Department of Chemistry, University College for Women Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
| | - Sravanthi Maddikayala
- Department of Chemistry, University College for Women Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana State India
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11
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Frank P, Benfatto M. Symmetry Breaking in Solution-Phase [Cu(tsc) 2(H 2O) 2] 2+: Emergent Asymmetry in Cu-S Distances and in Covalence. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10779-10795. [PMID: 34546762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure of aqueous Cu(II)-bis-thiosemicarbazide, [Cu(tsc)2]2+, is reported following EXAFS and MXAN analyses of the copper K-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) spectrum. The rising K-edge feature at 8987.1 eV is higher energy than those of crystalline models, implying unique electronic and structural solution states. EXAFS analysis (k = 2-13 Å-1; 2 × Cu-N = 2.02 ± 0.01 Å; 2 × Cu-S = 2.27 ± 0.01 Å; Cu-Oax = 2.41 ± 0.04 Å) could not resolve 5- versus 6-coordinate models. However, MXAN fits converged to an asymmetric broken symmetry 6-coordinate model with cis-disposed TSC ligands (Cu-Oax = 2.07 and 2.54 Å; Cu-N = 1.94 Å, 1.98 Å; Cu-S = 2.20 Å, 2.41 Å). Transition dipole integral evaluation of the sulfur K-edge XAS 1s → 3p valence transition feature at 2470.7 eV yielded a Cu-S covalence of 0.66 e-, indicating Cu1.34+. The high Cu-S covalence and short Cu-S bond in aqueous [Cu(tsc)2(H2O)2]2+ again contradict the need for a protein rack to explain the unique structure of the blue copper active site. MXAN models of dissolved Cu(II) complex ions have invariably featured broken centrosymmetry. The potential energy ground state for dissolved Cu(II) evidently includes the extended solvation field, providing a target for improved physical theory. A revised solvation model for aqueous Cu(II), |[Cu(H2O)5]·14H2O|2+, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Frank
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Maurizio Benfatto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati-INFN, P.O. Box 13, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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12
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Zhong X, Bouchey CJ, Kabir E, Tolman WB. Using a monocopper-superoxo complex to prepare multicopper-peroxo species relevant to proposed enzyme intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111498. [PMID: 34120095 PMCID: PMC9835715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of generating a (peroxo)tricopper species analogous to the Peroxy Intermediate proposed for multicopper oxidases, solutions of the copper-superoxide complex [K(Krypt)][LCuO2] (L = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide, Krypt = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) were reacted with the dicopper(I) complex [(TPBN)Cu2(MeCN)2][PF6]2 at -70 °C (TPBN = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane). A metastable intermediate formed, which on the basis of UV-vis, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy was proposed to derive from reaction of two equivalents of the copper-superoxide with one equivalent of the dicopper(I) complex to yield a complex with two (peroxo)dicopper moieties rather than the desired (peroxo)tricopper PI model. A similar intermediate formed upon reaction of [K(Krypt)][LCuO2] with [(BPMA)Cu(MeCN)][PF6] (BPMA = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-methyl-amine), which contained the same donor set as provided by TPBN. Comparison of resonance Raman data and consideration of structural preferences for LCuX species led to hypothesis of a μ-η1:η2-peroxo structure for both intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America
| | - Caitlin J. Bouchey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Evanta Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Hall, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States of America,Corresponding author. (W.B. Tolman)
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13
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Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Cutone A, Nemčovič M, Pakanová Z, Baráth P, Musci G. Production of Recombinant Human Ceruloplasmin: Improvements and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158228. [PMID: 34360993 PMCID: PMC8347646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) plays a crucial role in iron homeostasis in vertebrates together with the iron exporter ferroportin. Mutations in the CP gene give rise to aceruloplasminemia, a rare neurodegenerative disease for which no cure is available. Many aspects of the (patho)physiology of CP are still unclear and would benefit from the availability of recombinant protein for structural and functional studies. Furthermore, recombinant CP could be evaluated for enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of aceruloplasminemia. We report the production and preliminary characterization of high-quality recombinant human CP in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris SuperMan5. A modified yeast strain lacking the endogenous ferroxidase has been generated and employed as host for heterologous expression of the secreted isoform of human CP. Highly pure biologically active protein has been obtained by an improved two-step purification procedure. Glycan analysis indicates that predominant glycoforms HexNAc2Hex8 and HexNAc2Hex11 are found at Asn119, Asn378, and Asn743, three of the canonical four N-glycosylation sites of human CP. The availability of high-quality recombinant human CP represents a significant advancement in the field of CP biology. However, productivity needs to be increased and further careful glycoengineering of the SM5 strain is mandatory in order to evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the recombinant protein for enzyme replacement therapy of aceruloplasminemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi di Patti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.d.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Marek Nemčovič
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Zuzana Pakanová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Baráth
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.N.); (Z.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.d.P.); (G.M.)
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14
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Soldatova AV, Fu W, Romano CA, Tao L, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Metallo-inhibition of Mnx, a bacterial manganese multicopper oxidase complex. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111547. [PMID: 34403930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The manganese oxidase complex, Mnx, from Bacillus sp. PL-12 contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) and oxidizes dissolved Mn(II) to form insoluble manganese oxide (MnO2) mineral. Previous kinetic and spectroscopic analyses have shown that the enzyme's mechanism proceeds through an activation step that facilitates formation of a series of binuclear Mn complexes in the oxidation states II, III, and IV on the path to MnO2 formation. We now demonstrate that the enzyme is inhibited by first-row transition metals in the order of the Irving-Williams series. Zn(II) strongly (Ki ~ 1.5 μM) inhibits both activation and turnover steps, as well as the rate of Mn(II) binding. The combined Zn(II) and Mn(II) concentration dependence establishes that the inhibition is non-competitive. This result is supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which reveals unaltered Mnx-bound Mn(II) EPR signals, both mono- and binuclear, in the presence of Zn(II). We infer that inhibitory metals bind at a site separate from the substrate sites and block the conformation change required to activate the enzyme, a case of allosteric inhibition. The likely biological role of this inhibitory site is discussed in the context of Bacillus spore physiology. While Cu(II) inhibits Mnx strongly, in accord with the Irving-Williams series, it increases Mnx activation at low concentrations, suggesting that weakly bound Cu, in addition to the four canonical MCO-Cu, may support enzyme activity, perhaps as an electron transfer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - William H Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States; Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
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15
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Ishida K, Tsukamoto Y, Horitani M, Ogawa T, Tanaka Y. Biochemical properties of CumA multicopper oxidase from plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1995-2002. [PMID: 34244699 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases have a wide range of substrate specificity to be involved in various physiological reactions. Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogenic bacterium, has a multicopper oxidase, CumA. Multicopper oxidases have ability to degrade plant cell wall component, lignin. Once P. syringae enter apoplast and colonize, they start to disrupt plant immunity. Therefore, deeper understanding of multicopper oxidases from plant pathogens, help to invent measures to prevent invasion into plant cell, which bring agricultural benefits. Several biochemical studies have reported lower activity of CumA compared with other multicopper oxidase called CotA. However, the mechanisms underlying the difference in activity have not yet been revealed. In order to acquire insight into them, we conducted a biophysical characterization of PsCumA. Our results show that PsCumA has weak type I copper EPR signal, which is essential for oxidation activity. We propose that difference in the coordination of copper ions may decrease reaction frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konan Ishida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QE, UK
| | - Yuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Earth Science, Graduate school of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Masaki Horitani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Honjo-machi, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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16
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Stanford FA, Matthies N, Cseresnyés Z, Figge MT, Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Expression Patterns in Reductive Iron Assimilation and Functional Consequences during Phagocytosis of Lichtheimia corymbifera, an Emerging Cause of Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040272. [PMID: 33916756 PMCID: PMC8065604 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for most organisms and fungi are no exception. Iron uptake by fungi is facilitated by receptor-mediated internalization of siderophores, heme and reductive iron assimilation (RIA). The RIA employs three protein groups: (i) the ferric reductases (Fre5 proteins), (ii) the multicopper ferroxidases (Fet3) and (iii) the high-affinity iron permeases (Ftr1). Phenotyping under different iron concentrations revealed detrimental effects on spore swelling and hyphal formation under iron depletion, but yeast-like morphology under iron excess. Since access to iron is limited during pathogenesis, pathogens are placed under stress due to nutrient limitations. To combat this, gene duplication and differential gene expression of key iron uptake genes are utilized to acquire iron against the deleterious effects of iron depletion. In the genome of the human pathogenic fungus L. corymbifera, three, four and three copies were identified for FRE5, FTR1 and FET3 genes, respectively. As in other fungi, FET3 and FTR1 are syntenic and co-expressed in L. corymbifera. Expression of FRE5, FTR1 and FET3 genes is highly up-regulated during iron limitation (Fe-), but lower during iron excess (Fe+). Fe- dependent upregulation of gene expression takes place in LcFRE5 II and III, LcFTR1 I and II, as well as LcFET3 I and II suggesting a functional role in pathogenesis. The syntenic LcFTR1 I–LcFET3 I gene pair is co-expressed during germination, whereas LcFTR1 II- LcFET3 II is co-expressed during hyphal proliferation. LcFTR1 I, II and IV were overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to represent high and moderate expression of intracellular transport of Fe3+, respectively. Challenge of macrophages with the yeast mutants revealed no obvious role for LcFTR1 I, but possible functions of LcFTR1 II and IVs in recognition by macrophages. RIA expression pattern was used for a new model of interaction between L. corymbifera and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Adelina Stanford
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.A.S.); (N.M.); (M.I.A.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Nina Matthies
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.A.S.); (N.M.); (M.I.A.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Zoltán Cseresnyés
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 12622 Jena, Germany;
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 12622 Jena, Germany;
| | - Mohamed I. Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.A.S.); (N.M.); (M.I.A.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- National Research Centre, Pests & Plant Protection Department, 33rd El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (F.A.S.); (N.M.); (M.I.A.H.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-3641-532-1395
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17
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Reyes C, Hodgskiss LH, Kerou M, Pribasnig T, Abby SS, Bayer B, Kraemer SM, Schleper C. Genome wide transcriptomic analysis of the soil ammonia oxidizing archaeon Nitrososphaera viennensis upon exposure to copper limitation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2659-2674. [PMID: 32665710 PMCID: PMC7785015 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widespread in nature and are involved in nitrification, an essential process in the global nitrogen cycle. The enzymes for ammonia oxidation and electron transport rely heavily on copper (Cu), which can be limited in nature. In this study the model soil archaeon Nitrososphaera viennensis was investigated via transcriptomic analysis to gain insight regarding possible Cu uptake mechanisms and compensation strategies when Cu becomes limiting. Upon Cu limitation, N. viennensis exhibited impaired nitrite production and thus growth, which was paralleled by downregulation of ammonia oxidation, electron transport, carbon fixation, nucleotide, and lipid biosynthesis pathway genes. Under Cu-limitation, 1547 out of 3180 detected genes were differentially expressed, with 784 genes upregulated and 763 downregulated. The most highly upregulated genes encoded proteins with a possible role in Cu binding and uptake, such as the Cu chelator and transporter CopC/D, disulfide bond oxidoreductase D (dsbD), and multicopper oxidases. While this response differs from the marine strain Nitrosopumilus maritimus, conserved sequence motifs in some of the Cu-responsive genes suggest conserved transcriptional regulation in terrestrial AOA. This study provides possible gene regulation and energy conservation mechanisms linked to Cu bioavailability and presents the first model for Cu uptake by a soil AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Logan H Hodgskiss
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melina Kerou
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pribasnig
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie S Abby
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Bayer
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Limnology and Oceanography, Division of Bio-oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9620, USA
| | - Stephan M Kraemer
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Environmental Science Research Network (ESRN), Faculty for Geosciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, UZA2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Gräff M, Buchholz PCF, Le Roes‐Hill M, Pleiss J. Multicopper oxidases: modular structure, sequence space, and evolutionary relationships. Proteins 2020; 88:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Gräff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Patrick C. F. Buchholz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marilize Le Roes‐Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
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19
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Qiu Q, Yu B, Huang K, Qin D. A Fluoran-Based Cu2+-Selective Fluorescent Probe and its Application in Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:859-866. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Jones SM, Heppner DE, Vu K, Kosman DJ, Solomon EI. Rapid Decay of the Native Intermediate in the Metallooxidase Fet3p Enables Controlled Fe II Oxidation for Efficient Metabolism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10087-10101. [PMID: 32379440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The multicopper oxidases (MCOs) couple four 1e- oxidations of substrate to the 4e- reduction of O2 to H2O. These divide into two groups: those that oxidize organic substrates with high turnover frequencies (TOFs) up to 560 s-1 and those that oxidize metal ions with low TOFs, ∼1 s-1 or less. The catalytic mechanism of the organic oxidases has been elucidated, and the high TOF is achieved through rapid intramolecular electron transfer (IET) to the native intermediate (NI), which only slowly decays to the resting form. Here, we uncover the factors that govern the low TOF in Fet3p, a prototypical metallooxidase, in the context of the MCO mechanism. We determine that the NI decays rapidly under optimal turnover conditions, and the mechanism thereby becomes rate-limited by slow IET to the resting enzyme. Development of a catalytic model leads to the important conclusions that proton delivery to the NI controls the mechanism and enables the slow turnover in Fet3p that is functionally significant in Fe metabolism enabling efficient ferroxidase activity while avoiding ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kenny Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University at Buffalo, 140 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, The University at Buffalo, 140 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Multicopper Oxidases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Human Pathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020056. [PMID: 32349384 PMCID: PMC7345259 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are produced by microscopic and macroscopic fungal species and are involved in various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, lignin degradation, and defense mechanisms to stress inducing environmental conditions as well as fungal virulence. This review will summarize our current understanding regarding the functions of MCOs present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in different human fungal pathogens. Of the two main MCO groups, the first group of MCOs is involved in iron homoeostasis and the second includes laccases. This review will also discuss their role in the pathogenesis of human fungal pathogens.
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22
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Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a Food Processing Plant Involves Limited Single-Nucleotide Substitutions but Considerable Diversification by Gain and Loss of Prophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02493-19. [PMID: 31900305 PMCID: PMC7054086 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02493-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the genetic evolution of L. monocytogenes in food processing facilities over multiple years is generally lacking. This information is critical to interpret WGS findings involving food or food-associated isolates. This study suggests that L. monocytogenes that persists in processing facilities may evolve with a low single-nucleotide mutation rate mostly driven by negative (i.e., purifying) selection but with rapid diversification of prophages. Hence, isolation of L. monocytogenes with few single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences in different locations (e.g., supplier plants and receiving plants) is possible, highlighting the importance of epidemiological and detailed isolate metadata for interpreting WGS data in traceback investigation. Our study also shows how advanced WGS data analyses can be used to support root cause analysis efforts and may, for example, pinpoint the time when a persistence event started (which then potentially could be linked to facility changes, introduction of new equipment, etc.). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming the standard method for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes. Interpretation of WGS data for isolates from foods and associated environments is, however, challenging due to a lack of detailed data on Listeria evolution in processing facilities. Here, we used previously collected WGS data for 40 L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from a cold-smoked salmon processing facility between 1998 and 2015 to probe the L. monocytogenes molecular evolution in this facility, combined with phenotypic assessment of selected isolates. Isolates represented three clusters (1, 2, and 3); cluster 3 isolates (n = 32) were obtained over 18 years. The average mutation rate for cluster 3 was estimated as 1.15 × 10−7 changes per nucleotide per year (∼0.35 changes per genome per year); the most recent common ancestors (MRCAs) of subclusters 3a and 3b were estimated to have occurred around 1958 and 1974, respectively, within the age of the facility, suggesting long-term persistence in this facility. Extensive prophage diversity was observed within subclusters 3a and 3b, which have one shared and six unique prophage profiles for each subcluster (with 16 prophage profiles found among all 40 isolates). The plasmid-borne sanitizer tolerance operon bcrABC was found in all cluster 2 and 3 isolates, while the transposon-borne sanitizer tolerance gene qacH was found in one cluster 1 isolate; presence of these genes was correlated with the ability to survive increased concentrations of sanitizers. Selected isolates showed significant variation in the ability to attach to surfaces, with persistent isolates attaching better than transient isolates at 21°C. IMPORTANCE Knowledge about the genetic evolution of L. monocytogenes in food processing facilities over multiple years is generally lacking. This information is critical to interpret WGS findings involving food or food-associated isolates. This study suggests that L. monocytogenes that persists in processing facilities may evolve with a low single-nucleotide mutation rate mostly driven by negative (i.e., purifying) selection but with rapid diversification of prophages. Hence, isolation of L. monocytogenes with few single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences in different locations (e.g., supplier plants and receiving plants) is possible, highlighting the importance of epidemiological and detailed isolate metadata for interpreting WGS data in traceback investigation. Our study also shows how advanced WGS data analyses can be used to support root cause analysis efforts and may, for example, pinpoint the time when a persistence event started (which then potentially could be linked to facility changes, introduction of new equipment, etc.).
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23
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Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Jasińska A, Długoński J. CHARACTERISTICS AND USE OF MULTICOPPER OXIDASES ENZYMES. ADVANCEMENTS OF MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/pm-2019.58.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naditz AL, Dzieciol M, Wagner M, Schmitz-Esser S. Plasmids contribute to food processing environment-associated stress survival in three Listeria monocytogenes ST121, ST8, and ST5 strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 299:39-46. [PMID: 30953994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis and is commonly isolated from food and food production facilities. Many L. monocytogenes strains contain plasmids, though the contributions of plasmids to survival in food production environments are unknown. Three L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 strains containing plasmids, which harbor putative stress response genes, were cured of their plasmids. Wildtype (WT) and plasmid-cured strains were exposed to disinfectant, oxidative, heat, acid, or salt stress. After stress exposure, cells were plated for colony forming unit (CFU) counts to determine survivors. L. monocytogenes WT strains exposed to 0.01% (vol/vol) H2O2, 1% (vol/vol) lactic acid, and 15% (wt/vol) NaCl, pH 5 showed significantly higher counts of survivors compared to the plasmid-cured strains. The number of survivors for the ST5 WT strain exposed to 10 μg/mL benzalkonium chloride (BC) was significantly higher than in the plasmid-cured strain. The ST8 and ST5 strains were exposed to elevated temperature (50° and 55 °C respectively); only the ST5 WT strain had significantly higher numbers of survivors than the plasmid-cured strains. Our data revealed that L. monocytogenes ST5, ST8, and ST121 plasmids contribute to tolerance against elevated temperature, salinity, acidic environments, oxidative stress and disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel L Naditz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciol
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI), Technopark C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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25
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Copper transporter COPT5 participates in the crosstalk between vacuolar copper and iron pools mobilisation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4648. [PMID: 30874615 PMCID: PMC6420658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) deficiency affects iron (Fe) homeostasis in several plant processes, including the increased Fe requirements due to cuproprotein substitutions for the corresponding Fe counterpart. Loss-of-function mutants from Arabidopsis thaliana high affinity copper transporter COPT5 and Fe transporters NATURAL RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 3/4 (NRAMP3 and NRAMP4) were used to study the interaction between metals internal pools. A physiological characterisation showed that the copt5 mutant is sensitive to Fe deficiency, and that nramp3nramp4 mutant growth was severely affected under limiting Cu. By a transcriptomic analysis, we observed that NRAMP4 expression was highly induced in the copt5 mutant under Cu deficiency, while COPT5 was overexpressed in the nramp3nramp4 mutant. As a result, an enhanced mobilisation of the vacuolar Cu or Fe pools, when the other metal export through the tonoplast is impaired in the mutants, has been postulated. However, metals coming from internal pools are not used to accomplish the increased requirements that derive from metalloprotein substitution under metal deficiencies. Instead, the metal concentrations present in aerial parts of the copt5 and nramp3nramp4 mutants conversely show compensated levels of these two metals. Together, our data uncover an interconnection between Cu and Fe vacuolar pools, whose aim is to fulfil interorgan metal translocation.
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26
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Carrió-Seguí À, Ruiz-Rivero O, Villamayor-Belinchón L, Puig S, Perea-García A, Peñarrubia L. The Altered Expression of microRNA408 Influences the Arabidopsis Response to Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31001291 PMCID: PMC6454987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs contribute to the adaptation of plants to varying environmental conditions by affecting systemic mineral nutrient homeostasis. Copper and iron deficiencies antagonistically control the expression of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA408 (miR408), which post-transcriptionally regulates laccase-like multicopper oxidase family members LAC3, LAC12, and LAC13. In this work, we used miR408 T-DNA insertion mutants (408-KO1 and 408-KO2) and a previously characterized transgenic line overexpressing miR408 (35S:408-14) to explore how miR408 influences copper- and iron-dependent metabolism. We observed that the altered expression of miR408 diminished plant performance and the activation of the iron-regulated genes under iron-deficient conditions. Consistently with the low expression of the miR408-target laccases, we showed that the vascular bundle lignification of the 35S:408-14 plants diminished. The decrease in the phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities exhibited by wild-type plants under iron deficiency did not occur in the 408-KO1 plants, probably due to the higher expression of laccases. Finally, we observed that the hydrogen peroxide levels under iron starvation were altered in both the 408-KO1 and 35S:408-14 lines. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis plants with modified miR408 levels undergo multiple deregulations under iron-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Carrió-Seguí
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Ruiz-Rivero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Villamayor-Belinchón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Peñarrubia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lola Peñarrubia, ;
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Abstract
Metals and metalloids have been used alongside antibiotics in livestock production for a long time. The potential and acute negative impact on the environment and human health of these livestock feed supplements has prompted lawmakers to ban or discourage the use of some or all of these supplements. This article provides an overview of current use in the European Union and the United States, detected metal resistance determinants, and the proteins and mechanisms responsible for conferring copper and zinc resistance in bacteria. A detailed description of the most common copper and zinc metal resistance determinants is given to illustrate not only the potential danger of coselecting antibiotic resistance genes but also the potential to generate bacterial strains with an increased potential to be pathogenic to humans. For example, the presence of a 20-gene copper pathogenicity island is highlighted since bacteria containing this gene cluster could be readily isolated from copper-fed pigs, and many pathogenic strains, including Escherichia coli O104:H4, contain this potential virulence factor, suggesting a potential link between copper supplements in livestock and the evolution of pathogens.
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28
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Ilyechova EY, Miliukhina IV, Orlov IA, Muruzheva ZM, Puchkova LV, Karpenko MN. A low blood copper concentration is a co-morbidity burden factor in Parkinson’s disease development. Neurosci Res 2018; 135:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kosman DJ. The teleos of metallo-reduction and metallo-oxidation in eukaryotic iron and copper trafficking. Metallomics 2018; 10:370-377. [PMID: 29484341 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells, whether free-living or organismal, rely on metallo-reductases to process environmental ferric iron and cupric copper prior to uptake. In addition, some free-living eukaryotes (e.g. fungi and algae) couple ferri-reduction to ferro-oxidation, a process catalyzed by a small cohort of multi-copper oxidases; in these organisms, the ferric iron product is a ligand for cell iron uptake via a ferric iron permease. In addition to their support of iron uptake in lower eukaryotes, ferroxidases support ferrous iron efflux in Chordata; in this process the release of the ferrous iron from the efflux transporter is catalyzed by its ferroxidation. Last, ferroxidases also catalyze the oxidation of cuprous copper and, as metallo-oxidases, mirror the dual activity of the metallo-reductases. This Perspective examines the teleos of the yin-yang of this redox cycling of iron and copper in their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Farber Hall Room 140, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA.
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30
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Casanova I, Durán ML, Viqueira J, Sousa-Pedrares A, Zani F, Real JA, García-Vázquez JA. Metal complexes of a novel heterocyclic benzimidazole ligand formed by rearrangement-cyclization of the corresponding Schiff base. Electrosynthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activity. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4325-4340. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot electrochemical synthesis of metal complexes containing a novel heterocyclic benzimidazole ligand is reported and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Casanova
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - M. L. Durán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - J. Viqueira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - A. Sousa-Pedrares
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - F. Zani
- Departamento di Farmacia
- Parco Area delle Scienze
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - J. A. Real
- Institut de Ciencia Molecular Departament de Química Inorgánica
- Universitat de Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - J. A. García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
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31
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Biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticle formation by a multimeric multicopper oxidase Mnx. Nat Commun 2017; 8:746. [PMID: 28963463 PMCID: PMC5622069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that produce Mn oxides are extraordinarily skilled engineers of nanomaterials that contribute significantly to global biogeochemical cycles. Their enzyme-based reaction mechanisms may be genetically tailored for environmental remediation applications or bioenergy production. However, significant challenges exist for structural characterization of the enzymes responsible for biomineralization. The active Mn oxidase in Bacillus sp. PL-12, Mnx, is a complex composed of a multicopper oxidase (MCO), MnxG, and two accessory proteins, MnxE and MnxF. MnxG shares sequence similarity with other, structurally characterized MCOs. MnxE and MnxF have no similarity to any characterized proteins. The ~200 kDa complex has been recalcitrant to crystallization, so its structure is unknown. Here, we show that native mass spectrometry defines the subunit topology and copper binding of Mnx, while high-resolution electron microscopy visualizes the protein and nascent Mn oxide minerals. These data provide critical structural information for understanding Mn biomineralization by such unexplored enzymes. Significant challenges exist for structural characterization of enzymes responsible for biomineralization. Here the authors show that native mass spectrometry and high resolution electron microscopy can define the subunit topology and copper binding of a manganese oxidizing complex, and describe early stage formation of its mineral products
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32
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Soldatova AV, Romano CA, Tao L, Stich TA, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Coordinated Two-Stage Mn(II)/(III) and Mn(III)/(IV) Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11381-11391. [PMID: 28712303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial manganese oxidase MnxG of the Mnx protein complex is unique among multicopper oxidases (MCOs) in carrying out a two-electron metal oxidation, converting Mn(II) to MnO2 nanoparticles. The reaction occurs in two stages: Mn(II) → Mn(III) and Mn(III) → MnO2. In a companion study , we show that the electron transfer from Mn(II) to the low-potential type 1 Cu of MnxG requires an activation step, likely forming a hydroxide bridge at a dinuclear Mn(II) site. Here we study the second oxidation step, using pyrophosphate (PP) as a Mn(III) trap. PP chelates Mn(III) produced by the enzyme and subsequently allows it to become a substrate for the second stage of the reaction. EPR spectroscopy confirms the presence of Mn(III) bound to the enzyme. The Mn(III) oxidation step does not involve direct electron transfer to the enzyme from Mn(III), which is shown by kinetic measurements to be excluded from the Mn(II) binding site. Instead, Mn(III) is proposed to disproportionate at an adjacent polynuclear site, thereby allowing indirect oxidation to Mn(IV) and recycling of Mn(II). PP plays a multifaceted role, slowing the reaction by complexing both Mn(II) and Mn(III) in solution, and also inhibiting catalysis, likely through binding at or near the active site. An overall mechanism for Mnx-catalyzed MnO2 production from Mn(II) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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33
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Soldatova AV, Tao L, Romano CA, Stich TA, Casey WH, Britt RD, Tebo BM, Spiro TG. Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Binuclear Activation Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11369-11380. [PMID: 28712284 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial protein complex Mnx contains a multicopper oxidase (MCO) MnxG that, unusually, catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of Mn(II) to MnO2 biomineral, via a Mn(III) intermediate. Although Mn(III)/Mn(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(III) reduction potentials are expected to be high, we find a low reduction potential, 0.38 V (vs Normal Hydrogen Electrode, pH 7.8), for the MnxG type 1 Cu2+, the electron acceptor. Indeed the type 1 Cu2+ is not reduced by Mn(II) in the absence of molecular oxygen, indicating that substrate oxidation requires an activation step. We have investigated the enzyme mechanism via electronic absorption spectroscopy, using chemometric analysis to separate enzyme-catalyzed MnO2 formation from MnO2 nanoparticle aging. The nanoparticle aging time course is characteristic of nucleation and particle growth; rates for these processes followed expected dependencies on Mn(II) concentration and temperature, but exhibited different pH optima. The enzymatic time course is sigmoidal, signaling an activation step, prior to turnover. The Mn(II) concentration and pH dependence of a preceding lag phase indicates weak Mn(II) binding. The activation step is enabled by a pKa > 8.6 deprotonation, which is assigned to Mn(II)-bound H2O; it induces a conformation change (consistent with a high activation energy, 106 kJ/mol) that increases Mn(II) affinity. Mnx activation is proposed to decrease the Mn(III/II) reduction potential below that of type 1 Cu(II/I) by formation of a hydroxide-bridged binuclear complex, Mn(II)(μ-OH)Mn(II), at the substrate site. Turnover is found to depend cooperatively on two Mn(II) and is enabled by a pKa 7.6 double deprotonation. It is proposed that turnover produces a Mn(III)(μ-OH)2Mn(III) intermediate that proceeds to the enzyme product, likely Mn(IV)(μ-O)2Mn(IV) or an oligomer, which subsequently nucleates MnO2 nanoparticles. We conclude that Mnx exploits manganese polynuclear chemistry in order to facilitate an otherwise difficult oxidation reaction, as well as biomineralization. The mechanism of the Mn(III/IV) conversion step is elucidated in an accompanying paper .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Soldatova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Christine A Romano
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bradley M Tebo
- Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Thomas G Spiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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34
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Mondal D, Kundu S, Majee MC, Rana A, Endo A, Chaudhury M. Ligand-Induced Tuning of the Oxidase Activity of μ-Hydroxidodimanganese(III) Complexes Using 3,5-Di-tert-butylcatechol as the Substrate: Isolation and Characterization of Products Involving an Oxidized Dioxolene Moiety. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9448-9460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Mondal
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sanchita Kundu
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mithun Chandra Majee
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Atanu Rana
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Akira Endo
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Muktimoy Chaudhury
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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35
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Zaidi A, Singh KP, Ali V. Leishmania and its quest for iron: An update and overview. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 211:15-25. [PMID: 27988301 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasites of genus Leishmania are the causative agents of complex neglected diseases called leishmaniasis and continue to be a significant health concern globally. Iron is a vital nutritional requirement for virtually all organisms, including pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites, and plays a crucial role in many facets of cellular metabolism as a cofactor of several enzymes. Iron acquisition is essential for the survival of parasites. Yet parasites are also vulnerable to the toxicity of iron and reactive oxygen species. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge about iron acquisition and usage by Leishmania species. We have also discussed about host strategy to modulate iron availability and the strategies deployed by Leishmania parasites to overcome iron withholding defences and thus favour parasite growth within host macrophages. Since iron plays central roles in the host's response and parasite metabolism, a comprehensive understanding of the iron metabolism is beneficial to identify potential viable therapeutic opportunities against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zaidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agamkuan, Patna, India
| | - Krishn Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agamkuan, Patna, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Agamkuan, Patna, India.
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36
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Siroosi M, Amoozegar MA, Khajeh K. Purification and characterization of an alkaline chloride-tolerant laccase from a halotolerant bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain WT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Plasmid pLM-C-273 Carrying Genes Related to Stress Resistance. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/5/e01125-16. [PMID: 27738039 PMCID: PMC5064112 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01125-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements in bacteria, such as plasmids, act as important vectors for the transfer of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metal resistance genes. Here, we report the genome sequence of a new plasmid pLM-C-273, identified in a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from a clinical sample in Ontario, Canada.
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38
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McMoran EP, Powell DR, Perez F, Rowe GT, Yang L. Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Complexes with CuICuI, Cu1.5Cu1.5m and CuIICuII Core Structures Supported by a Flexible Dipyridylamide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11462-11472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan P. McMoran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Douglas R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Felio Perez
- Integrated Microscopy Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Gerard T. Rowe
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, University of South Carolina—Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina 29801, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
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39
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40
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An efficient nanostructured copper(I) sulfide-based hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst at neutral pH. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Besold AN, Culbertson EM, Culotta VC. The Yin and Yang of copper during infection. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:137-44. [PMID: 26790881 PMCID: PMC5535265 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for both pathogens and the animal hosts they infect. However, copper can also be toxic in cells due to its redox properties and ability to disrupt active sites of metalloproteins, such as Fe-S enzymes. Through these toxic properties, copper is an effective antimicrobial agent and an emerging concept in innate immunity is that the animal host intentionally exploits copper toxicity in antimicrobial weaponry. In particular, macrophages can attack invading microbes with high copper and this metal is also elevated at sites of lung infection. In addition, copper levels in serum rise during infection with a wide array of pathogens. To defend against this toxic copper, the microbial intruder is equipped with a battery of copper detoxification defenses that promote survival in the host, including copper exporting ATPases and copper binding metallothioneins. However, it is important to remember that copper is also an essential nutrient for microbial pathogens and serves as important cofactor for enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase for respiration, superoxide dismutase for anti-oxidant defense and multi-copper oxidases that act on metals and organic substrates. We therefore posit that the animal host can also thwart pathogen growth by limiting their copper nutrients, similar to the well-documented nutritional immunity effects for starving microbes of essential zinc, manganese and iron micronutrients. This review provides both sides of the copper story and evaluates how the host can exploit either copper-the-toxin or copper-the-nutrient in antimicrobial tactics at the host-pathogen battleground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique N Besold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Edward M Culbertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valeria C Culotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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42
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Wu X, Kim H, Seravalli J, Barycki JJ, Hart PJ, Gohara DW, Di Cera E, Jung WH, Kosman DJ, Lee J. Potassium and the K+/H+ Exchanger Kha1p Promote Binding of Copper to ApoFet3p Multi-copper Ferroxidase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9796-806. [PMID: 26966178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.700500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition and distribution of metal ions support a number of biological processes. Here we show that respiratory growth of and iron acquisition by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae relies on potassium (K(+)) compartmentalization to the trans-Golgi network via Kha1p, a K(+)/H(+) exchanger. K(+) in the trans-Golgi network facilitates binding of copper to the Fet3p multi-copper ferroxidase. The effect of K(+) is not dependent on stable binding with Fet3p or alteration of the characteristics of the secretory pathway. The data suggest that K(+) acts as a chemical factor in Fet3p maturation, a role similar to that of cations in folding of nucleic acids. Up-regulation of KHA1 gene in response to iron limitation via iron-specific transcription factors indicates that K(+) compartmentalization is linked to cellular iron homeostasis. Our study reveals a novel functional role of K(+) in the binding of copper to apoFet3p and identifies a K(+)/H(+) exchanger at the secretory pathway as a new molecular factor associated with iron uptake in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Heejeong Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Javier Seravalli
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Joseph J Barycki
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - P John Hart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - David W Gohara
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea 456-756, and
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214-3000
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664,
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43
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Fagerlund A, Langsrud S, Schirmer BCT, Møretrø T, Heir E. Genome Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Sequence Type 8 Strains Persisting in Salmon and Poultry Processing Environments and Comparison with Related Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151117. [PMID: 26953695 PMCID: PMC4783014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis, and can be found throughout the environment, in many foods and in food processing facilities. The main cause of listeriosis is consumption of food contaminated from sources in food processing environments. Persistence in food processing facilities has previously been shown for the L. monocytogenes sequence type (ST) 8 subtype. In the current study, five ST8 strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and compared with five additionally available ST8 genomes, allowing comparison of strains from salmon, poultry and cheese industry, in addition to a human clinical isolate. Genome-wide analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) confirmed that almost identical strains were detected in a Danish salmon processing plant in 1996 and in a Norwegian salmon processing plant in 2001 and 2011. Furthermore, we show that L. monocytogenes ST8 was likely to have been transferred between two poultry processing plants as a result of relocation of processing equipment. The SNP data were used to infer the phylogeny of the ST8 strains, separating them into two main genetic groups. Within each group, the plasmid and prophage content was almost entirely conserved, but between groups, these sequences showed strong divergence. The accessory genome of the ST8 strains harbored genetic elements which could be involved in rendering the ST8 strains resilient to incoming mobile genetic elements. These included two restriction-modification loci, one of which was predicted to show phase variable recognition sequence specificity through site-specific domain shuffling. Analysis indicated that the ST8 strains harbor all important known L. monocytogenes virulence factors, and ST8 strains are commonly identified as the causative agents of invasive listeriosis. Therefore, the persistence of this L. monocytogenes subtype in food processing facilities poses a significant concern for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fagerlund
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørn C. T. Schirmer
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
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44
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Biosupercapacitors for powering oxygen sensing devices. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 106:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Liu Q, Hu H, Zhu L, Li R, Feng Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhang H. Involvement of miR528 in the Regulation of Arsenite Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8849-61. [PMID: 26403656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tens of miRNAs were previously established as being arsenic (As) stress responsive in rice. However, their functional role in As tolerance remains unclear. This study demonstrates that transgenic plants overexpressing miR528 (Ubi::MIR528) were more sensitive to arsenite [As(III)] compared with wild-type (WT) rice. Under normal and stress conditions, miR528-5p and -3p were highly up-regulated in both the roots and leaves of transgenic plants, which exhibited a negative correlation with the expression of seven target genes. Compared with WT plants, Ubi::MIR528 plants showed excessive oxidative stress generation and remarkable amino acid content changes in the roots and leaves upon As(III) exposure. Notably, the expression profiles of diverse functional genes were clearly different between WT and transgenic plants. Thus, the observed As(III) sensitivity of Ubi::MIR528 plants was likely due to the strong alteration of antioxidant enzyme activity and amino acid profiles and the impairment of the As(III) uptake, translocation, and tolerance systems of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Feng
- College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Hengmu Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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46
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Komori H, Higuchi Y. Structural insights into the O2reduction mechanism of multicopper oxidase. J Biochem 2015; 158:293-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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47
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Bailão EFLC, Lima PDS, Silva-Bailão MG, Bailão AM, Fernandes GDR, Kosman DJ, Soares CMDA. Paracoccidioides spp. ferrous and ferric iron assimilation pathways. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:821. [PMID: 26441843 PMCID: PMC4585334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for almost all organisms, including fungi. Usually, fungi can uptake iron through receptor-mediated internalization of a siderophore or heme, and/or reductive iron assimilation (RIA). Traditionally, the RIA pathway consists of ferric reductases (Fres), ferroxidase (Fet3) and a high-affinity iron permease (Ftr1). Paracoccidioides spp. genomes do not present an Ftr1 homolog. However, this fungus expresses zinc regulated transporter homologs (Zrts), members of the ZIP family of membrane transporters that are able in some organisms to transport zinc and iron. A 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-overlay assay indicates that both Pb01 and Pb18 express a ferric reductase activity; however, 59Fe uptake assays indicate that only in Pb18 is this activity coupled to a reductase-dependent iron uptake pathway. In addition, Zrts are up-regulated in iron deprivation, as indicated by RNAseq and qRT-PCR using Pb01 transcripts. RNAseq strategy also demonstrated that transcripts related to siderophore uptake and biosynthesis are up-regulated in iron-deprived condition. The data suggest that the fungus could use both a non-classical RIA, comprising ferric reductases and Fe/Zn permeases (Zrts), and siderophore uptake pathways under iron-limited conditions. The study of iron metabolism reveals novel surface molecules that could function as accessible targets for drugs to block iron uptake and, consequently, inhibit pathogen's proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Flávia L C Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mirelle G Silva-Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
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48
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Ye YX, Pan PL, Kang D, Lu JB, Zhang CX. The multicopper oxidase gene family in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 63:124-132. [PMID: 26107750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The multicopper oxidase (MCO) family of enzymes includes laccases, ascorbate oxidases, bilirubin oxidases and a subgroup of metal oxidases. On the basis of a bioinformatics investigation, we identified 7 genes encoding putative multicopper oxidase proteins in the genome of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). MCO1 and MCO2 are conserved, while others diverse in insects. Analysis of developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns revealed the following: NlMCO2 was mainly expressed in the integument, and its expression peaked periodically during molting; NlMCO3 was an ovary-specific MCO gene with a high expression level only at the adult stage; NlMCO4 was a salivary gland-specific MCO gene that was expressed at all developmental stages; NlMCO5 only had short-term expression in the middle of the fourth instar stage and was expressed mainly in the gut; NlMCO6 had a developmental expression pattern similar to that of NlMCO2 and was expressed in most N. lugens tissues; and NlMCO1 was expressed in most N. lugens tissues except for the testis, whereas NlMCO7 was mainly expressed in the gut and the Malpighian tube. BPHs injected with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting NlMCO2 failed to pigment and sclerotize, were colorless and soft-bodied and subsequently died in a short time. Lethal phenotypes were also observed in insects challenged by dsRNA targeting NlMCO6. However, no observable morphological or internal structural abnormality was obtained in the insects treated with dsRNA for NlMCO1, NlMCO3, NlMCO4, NlMCO5 or NlMCO7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng-Lu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Brissos V, Ferreira M, Grass G, Martins LO. Turning a Hyperthermostable Metallo-Oxidase into a Laccase by Directed Evolution. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Brissos
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maura Ferreira
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gregor Grass
- Bundeswehr
Institute of Microbiology, DZIF, Partner Site of German Center for Infection Research, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich DE 80937, Germany
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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50
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Nanostructuring carbon supports for optimal electrode performance in biofuel cells and hybrid fuel cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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