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Mahajan A, Haines J, Yu J, Darlington G, Buchholz AC, Duncan AM, Ma DWL. Sugar Intake among Preschool-Aged Children in the Guelph Family Health Study: Associations with Sociodemographic Characteristics. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1459. [PMID: 37761420 PMCID: PMC10530220 DOI: 10.3390/children10091459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is crucial to develop strategies targeted to promote healthy eating patterns in vulnerable populations, especially young children from diverse sociodemographic groups. Thus, the study objective was to investigate the associations between child age, child sex, child ethnicity, parent number of years living in Canada, annual household income, parent education and parent marital status with total, free and added sugar intakes in young children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis of data gathered in the Guelph Family Health Study. The study included 267 children (129M; 138F) from 210 families aged 1.5 to 5 years. Parents completed questionnaires for children on sociodemographic characteristics and an online 24-hour diet recall. The associations between sociodemographic characteristics and sugar intakes were determined using generalized estimating equations applied to linear regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 3.5 ± 1.2 years (mean ± std dev.). As children's age increased, there was a greater intake of free and added sugar (β^ = 8.6, p = 0.01, 95% CI = 2.4 to 14.7 and β^ = 6.5, p = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.8 to 12.2, respectively). Those children who identified as white had a higher total sugar intake than children of other ethnicities (β^ = 31.0, p = 0.01, 95% CI = 7.2 to 54.7). Additionally, higher annual household income was associated with lower was free sugar intake in children (β^ = -2.4, p = 0.02, 95% CI = -4.5 to -0.4). CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the significant influence of multiple sociodemographic characteristics on sugar intake in young children, providing valuable insights for public health policy and nutrition interventions. Moreover, this study highlights the need for early behaviour interventions focusing on reducing sugar intake in young children, while considering sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Mahajan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.H.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Gerarda Darlington
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2 W1, Canada;
| | - Andrea C. Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.H.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alison M. Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.M.); (J.Y.); (A.M.D.)
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García-Pola M, González-Díaz A, García-Martín JM. Effect of a Preventive Oral Health Program Starting during Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study Comparing Immigrant and Native Women and Their Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4096. [PMID: 33924511 PMCID: PMC8069462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate whether including pregnant women in a preventive dental program prevented the appearance of caries in their children up to the age of 6, and whether the effect was similar in children of immigrant and non-immigrant women. In phase I, 90 pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 natives, were taught about the development and prevention of caries. In phase II the oral health of their children at the age of 6 (n = 90) was evaluated, along with a control group of children of natives and immigrants of the same age (n = 90). A survey was used to determine participants' backgrounds and habits. A multivariate study of the results was performed using R-core software. The number of children without caries was 128 (71.1%), whereas 52 (28.9%) had caries, 15 from the protocol (16.67%) and 37 from the control group (41.11%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The mean number of caries for the children in the protocol was 0.62 ± 2 and in the control group it was 1.88 ± 2.9 (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis the risk of developing caries was higher for the condition of being the child of an immigrant (OR = 11.137), inadequate oral health (OR = 4.993), the children being overweight at the age of 6 (OR = 10.680), and the consumption of candies (OR = 5.042). In conclusion, the preventive protocols started during pregnancy reduced caries in participants' children, which suggests that these protocols should be encouraged. Because immigrant children are more vulnerable to caries, they and their parents should be included in preventive programs once they arrive in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Pola
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (J.M.G.-M.)
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Lee AK, Aigner A, Schmid T, Kurth T. Spatio-temporal trends in caries: A study on children in Berlin-Mitte. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:196-204. [PMID: 33200569 PMCID: PMC8019772 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Significant inequalities in caries distribution among children in Germany have been reported, but small‐scale areas remain understudied. Aim To examine spatio‐temporal trends in children's dental caries at the small‐area level in Berlin‐Mitte. Design Routinely collected data from Berlin's annual Health Examination Surveys were used, which also include information on age, sex, country of origin, and residential area. The study population consists of 14,866 children aged 5 to 7 between 2006 and 2014 in the district of Berlin‐Mitte. Outcome variables are the dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), the presence of any caries experience, untreated caries, and caries risk. The outcomes are summarized descriptively and graphically presented for 10 quarters and 41 communities within Berlin‐Mitte. Results Relevant gaps in children's dental caries were discovered between the quarters of Mitte. Three quarters in the northeast part of Mitte have consistently indicated the lowest oral health status in all four outcomes, and children having high caries risk have been increasingly concentrating in this area over time. Despite the continuous improvements in the southern part, the averages in total of Mitte for all outcomes have risen. Conclusion Our findings confirm the spatiotemporally mounting disparities in children's oral health between the quarters in Berlin‐Mitte and that particular quarters need urgent attention. The small‐area approach made it easier and more effective to reveal the spatial distribution of children's dental caries at the local level. The small‐area analysis should be strongly encouraged in future caries research to narrow the inequalities in children's oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Kyung Lee
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Aigner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Schmid
- Institute of Statistics and Econometrics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Carmagnola D, Pellegrini G, Malvezzi M, Canciani E, Henin D, Dellavia C. Impact of Lifestyle Variables on Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children of Milan (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186612. [PMID: 32932788 PMCID: PMC7559912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A large part of the Italian population doesn’t receive adequate information and support on how to maintain oral health. In this observational, cross-sectional, pilot study, we investigated how some lifestyle-related variables affect oral diseases and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children attending public-school summer services in Milan. A survey that included questions on children’s oral disease, OHRQoL and lifestyle-related factors (feeding habits, oral hygiene protective behaviors, dental coaching and socio-economic and educational status), was administered to the children’s caregivers. Data from 296 surveys were analyzed to assess the protective/negative effect of each variable on oral disease and OHRQoL. With respect to disease, the “never” consumption of fruit juice, the use of fluoride toothpaste, higher educational qualification and ISEE (equivalent family income) of those who filled out the form, resulted protective factors. Regarding OHRQoL, the “never” assumption/use of tea bottle, sugared pacifier and fruit juice as well as the use of fluoride toothpaste, a higher educational qualification and ISEE of those who filled out the form, resulted to have protective effects. In conclusion, protective behaviors and socio-economic status affect oral disease and OHRQoL in children of Milan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carmagnola
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.); (D.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Gaia Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.); (D.H.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3475923198
| | - Matteo Malvezzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milano, Italy;
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.); (D.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Dolaji Henin
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.); (D.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Claudia Dellavia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.C.); (E.C.); (D.H.); (C.D.)
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Factors influencing the food choices of urban Sri Lankan preschool children: Focus groups with parents and caregivers. Appetite 2020; 150:104649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are a vulnerable population subgroup, but little is known about their oral health, particularly regarding the prevalence and cause of tooth decay. This lack of knowledge is a barrier to progress in terms of developing evidence-based clinical interventions and policies aimed at promoting oral health in CSHCN. This article reviews the oral health literature pertaining to CSHCN, identifies critical knowledge gaps, highlights future research opportunities, and extends clinical recommendations to pediatric health care providers.
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Wolff N, Reimelt C, Ehrlich S, Hölling H, Mogwitz S, Roessner V. On the positive association between candy and fruit gum consumption and hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ADHD. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018; 47:228-238. [PMID: 30132726 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was the analysis of the association between consumption of candy and fruit gums, diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and behavioural problems. Methods: In total, 1,187 children and adolescents of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) were analyzed. Results: It was observed that children and adolescents with ADHD as compared to healthy controls (HC) reported to consume more frequently and higher amounts of candy and fruit gums and that hyperactivity was associated with frequent candy and fruit gum consumption. Conclusions: Because with the present design no conclusions on causality or directionality of the found associations could be drawn, results are discussed quite broadly in the light of several previously published interpretations, also to serve as a generator for further research. One more innovative speculation is that children and adolescents with ADHD may consume more frequently candy and fruit gums in order i) to compensate for their higher needs of energy resulting from hyperactive behaviour and/or ii) to compensate for the ADHD-typical deficits in the "reward cascade".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolff
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally
| | - Charlotte Reimelt
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- 2 Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Mogwitz
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Do parents form their children’s sweet preference? The role of parents and taste sensitivity on preferences for sweetness in pre-schoolers. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bonotto DV, Montes GR, Ferreira FM, Assunção LRDS, Fraiz FC. Association of parental attitudes at mealtime and snack limits with the prevalence of untreated dental caries among preschool children. Appetite 2017; 108:450-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Grewal NK, Andersen LF, Kolve CS, Kverndalen I, Torheim LE. Food and Nutrient Intake among 12-Month-Old Norwegian-Somali and Norwegian-Iraqi Infants. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100602. [PMID: 27690092 PMCID: PMC5083990 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to describe food and nutrient intake among 12-month-old Norwegian-Somali and Norwegian-Iraqi infants, with a focus on iron and vitamin D intake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2013 through September 2014. Eighty-nine mothers/infants of Somali origin and 77 mothers/infants of Iraqi origin residing in Eastern Norway participated in the study. Data were collected using two 24-h multiple-pass recalls. Forty percent of the Norwegian-Somali infants and 47% of the Norwegian-Iraqi infants were breastfed at 12 months of age (p = 0.414). Median energy percentages (E%) from protein, fat and carbohydrates were within the recommended intake ranges, except the level of saturated fats (12-13 E%). Median intakes of almost all micronutrients were above the recommended daily intakes. Most of the infants consumed iron-enriched products (81%) and received vitamin D supplements (84%). The median intakes of iron and vitamin D were significantly higher among infants receiving iron-enriched products and vitamin D supplements compared to infants not receiving such products (p < 0.001). The findings indicate that the food and nutrient intake of this group of infants in general seems to be in accordance with Norwegian dietary recommendations. Foods rich in iron and vitamin D supplements were important sources of the infants' intake of iron and vitamin D and should continue to be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit Kaur Grewal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Solheim Kolve
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Kverndalen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Grund K, Goddon I, Schüler IM, Lehmann T, Heinrich-Weltzien R. Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in German 5- and 8-year-olds. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:140. [PMID: 26538196 PMCID: PMC4634920 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About half of all carious lesions in primary teeth of German 6- to 7-year-old children remain untreated, but no data regarding the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries are available. Therefore, this cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the prevalence and experience of caries and odontogenic infections in the primary dentition of 5- and 8-year-old German children. Methods Dental examinations were performed in 5-year-old pre-school children (n = 496) and in 8-year-old primary school children (n = 608) living in the Westphalian Ennepe-Ruhr district. Schools and preschools were selected by sociodemographic criteria including size, area, ownership, socio-economic status. Caries was recorded according to WHO criteria (1997). The Lorenz curves were used to display the polarisation of dental caries. Caries pattern in 5-year-olds was categorized by Wyne’s (1997) definition of early childhood caries (ECC). Odontogenic infections as clinical consequence of untreated dental caries were assessed by the pufa index. The ‘untreated caries-pufa ratio’ was calculated, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was used for evaluating the correlation between dmft and pufa scores. Categorical data were compared between groups using the chi-square test and continuous data were analysed by t-test. Results Caries prevalence and experience in the primary dentition was 26.2 %/0.9 ± 2.0 dmft in 5-year-olds and 48.8 %/2.1 ± 2.8 dmft in 8-year-olds. ECC type I (22 %) was the prevalent caries pattern in 5-year-olds. About 30 % of the tooth decay was treated (5y: 29.7 %/8y: 39.3 %). The Lorenz curves showed a strong caries polarisation on 20 % of the children. Pufa prevalence and experience was 4.4 %/0.1 ± 0.5 pufa in 5-year-olds and 16.6 %/0.3 ± 0.9 pufa in 8-year-olds. In 5-year-olds 14.2 % and in 8-year-olds 34.2 % of the d-component had progressed mainly to the pulp. A significant correlation between dmft and pufa scores exists in both age groups (5y: ρ = 0.399; 8y: ρ = 0.499). First deciduous molars were most frequently affected by odontogenic infections, presenting virtually all pufa scores (>95 %). Conclusions Prevalence and experience of odontogenic infections and the untreated caries-pufa ratio were increasing from the younger to the elder children. Dmft and pufa scores in primary teeth predict a higher caries risk in permanent teeth. The pufa index highlights relevant information for decision makers to develop effective oral health care programs for children at high risk for caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Grund
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Inka Goddon
- Department of Social Services and Health, Health Services for Children and Adolescents Schwelm, Hauptstr. 92, D-58332, Schwelm, Germany.
| | - Ina M Schüler
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Roswitha Heinrich-Weltzien
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Bachstr. 18, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Becker W, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP. Annual review of selected scientific literature: report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:1038-87. [PMID: 25443419 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Donovan
- Chair, Committee on Scientific Investigation, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry (AARD); Professor and Section Head for Biomaterials, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | | | - William Becker
- Clinical Professor, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California; private practice, Tucson, Ariz
| | - David R Cagna
- Associate Dean, Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn
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