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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Namangkalakul W, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Intermittent compressive force regulates matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106011. [PMID: 38815450 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of intermittent compressive force (ICF) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). DESIGN hPDLCs were subjected to ICF with a magnitude of 1.5 g/cm2 and loaded for 24 h. mRNA and protein expression of several MMPs and TIMPs were assessed using RT-PCR and ELISA analyses. An inhibitor of TGF-β (SB431542) was used to assess a possible role of TGF-β in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs under ICF. RESULTS mRNA and protein analyses showed that ICF significantly induced expression of TIMP1 and TIMP3, but decreased expression of MMP1. Incubation with the TGF-β inhibitor and applied to ICF showed a downregulation of TIMP3, but expression of MMP1 was not affected. CONCLUSION ICF is likely to affect ECM homeostasis by hPDLCs by regulating the expression of MMP1 and TIMPs. Moreover, TGF-β1 regulated expression of TIMP3. These findings suggest ICF may decrease the degradation of ECM and may thus be essential for maintaining PDL homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Oral Biology Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worachat Namangkalakul
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Delavarian F, Ghorbanzadeh R, Salehi-Vaziri A. Effects of nano-micelles curcumin-based photodynamic therapy on expression of RUNX2 as an indicator of bone regeneration in orthodontic tooth movement. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103775. [PMID: 37652179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate the impact of nano-micelles curcumin (NMCur) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) during compressive force application on human PDL-derived fibroblasts (HPDFs) in vitro for up to 6 days on the expression of RUNX2 as an indicator of bone development and remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPDFs viability during 2 g/cm2 compressive force application was investigated using membrane-impermeable DNA-binding stain propidium iodide (PI) in flow cytometry. Gene and protein expressions of RUNX2 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry, respectively, following NMCur-PDT at different concentrations of NMCur (25, 50, and 75 µM plus irradiation of 180 mW/cm2 diode laser at the wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm for 5 min) during the static compressive force of 2 g/cm2 on HPDFs via weight approach-based in-vitro loading model up to 6 days. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at a p-value equal to/or less than 0.05 were used to analyze the obtained data. RESULTS After 6 days of application of compressive force, 99.21 ± 6.12% of HPDFs were PI negative and therefore considered alive, while only 0.89 ± 0.06% of the population were PI positive and considered dead. In comparison with controls (loaded HPDFs), expression of RUNX2 gene was dose-dependent and the highest expression (14.38-fold; P < 0.01) was observed at a concentration of 75 µM NMCur following 5 min of diode laser irradiation (i.e., 75 µM NMCur-PDT) during compressive force application on day 5. The greatest and lowest upregulations of RUNX2 protein were observed in 75 µM NMCur-PDT during compressive force application on HPDFs, on day 5 (3.19-fold; P < 0.01) and day 6 (2.09-fold; P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION NMCur-PDT during weight approach-based in-vitro loading model can promote orthodontic tooth movement by upregulating RUNX2 signaling pathway in HPDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Delavarian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Mechanobiology of orthodontic tooth movement: An update. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:156-160. [PMID: 37349154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the changes at the cellular and tissue level occurring during orthodontic force application. For the understanding of this process, knowledge of the mechanobiology of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone are essential. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone make up a functional unit that undergoes robust changes during orthodontic tooth movement. Complex molecular signaling is responsible for converting mechanical stresses into biochemical events with a net result of bone apposition and/or bone resorption. Despite an improved understanding of mechanical and biochemical signaling mechanisms, it is largely unknown how mechanical stresses regulate the differentiation of stem/progenitor cells into osteoblast and osteoclast lineages. To advance orthodontics, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and osteoclastogenesis from the hematopoietic/monocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C Maltha
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Campus Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Wu Y, Qu F, Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhong Q, Huang Y, Wang Y, Cao X, Fan Z, Xu C. Exosomes from Cyclic Stretched Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced Periodontal Inflammation through miR-9-5p/SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:2001-2015. [PMID: 37154707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abundant evidence demonstrates that mechanical stress could induce an inflammatory response in periodontal tissue, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In the past few years, periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), as the most force-sensitive cells, have been investigated in depth as local immune cells, associated with activation of inflammasomes and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to mechanical stimuli. However, this study innovatively inspected the effect of PDLCs on the other immune cells after stretch loading to reveal the detailed mechanism by which mechanical stimuli initiate immunoreaction in periodontium. In the present study, we found that cyclic stretch could stimulate human PDLCs to secret exosomes and that these exosomes could further induce the increase of phagocytic cells in the periodontium in Sprague-Dawley rats and the M1 polarization of the cultured macrophages (including the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and the bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice). Furthermore, the exosomal miR-9-5p was detected to be overexpressed after mechanical stimuli in both in vivo and in vitro experiments and could trigger M1 polarization via the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway in the cultured macrophages. In summary, this study revealed that PDLCs could transmit the mechanobiological signals to immune cells by releasing exosomes and simultaneously enhance periodontal inflammation through the miR-9-5p/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. We hope that our research can improve understanding of force-related periodontal inflammatory diseases and lead to new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingshuang Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximeng Cao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Short WD, Rae M, Lu T, Padon B, Prajapati TJ, Faruk F, Olutoye OO, Yu L, Bollyky P, Keswani SG, Balaji S. Endogenous Interleukin-10 Contributes to Wound Healing and Regulates Tissue Repair. J Surg Res 2023; 285:26-34. [PMID: 36640607 PMCID: PMC9993344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is essential in fetal regenerative wound healing and likewise promotes a regenerative phenotype in adult dermal wounds. However, the role of endogenous IL-10 in postnatal dermal wound healing is not well-established. We sought to determine the function of endogenous IL-10 in murine full thickness excisional wounds that are splinted to prevent contracture and mimic human patterns of wound closure. METHODS Full-thickness excisional wounds were made in wildtype (WT) and IL-10-/- mice on a C57BL/6J background (F/M, 8 wk old). In a subset of wounds, contraction was prevented by splinting with silicone stents (stenting) and maintaining a moist wound microenvironment using a semiocclusive dressing. Wounds were examined for re-epithelialization, granulation tissue deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltrate at day 7 and fibrosis and scarring at day 30 postwounding. RESULTS We observed no difference in wound healing rate between WT and IL-10-/- mice in either the stented or unstented group. At day 7, unstented IL-10-/- wounds had a larger granulation tissue area and more inflammatory infiltrate than their WT counterparts. However, we did observe more F4/80+ cell infiltrate in stented IL-10-/- wounds at day 7. At day 30, stented wounds had increased scar area and epithelial thickness compared to unstented wounds. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that endogenous IL-10 expression does not alter closure of full thickness excisional wounds when wound hydration and excessive contraction of murine skin are controlled. However, the loss of IL-10 leads to increased inflammatory cell infiltration and scarring. These new findings suggest that IL-10 contributes to the regulation of inflammation without compromising the healing response. These data combined with previous reports of increased rates of healing in IL-10-/- mice wounds not controlled for hydration and contraction suggest an important role for murine wound healing models used in research studies of molecular mechanisms that regulate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker D Short
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meredith Rae
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas Lu
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin Padon
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tanuj J Prajapati
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fayiz Faruk
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Oluyinka O Olutoye
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Yu
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford, California
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Chen Y, Zhang C. Role of noncoding RNAs in orthodontic tooth movement: new insights into periodontium remodeling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:101. [PMID: 36759852 PMCID: PMC9912641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is biologically based on the spatiotemporal remodeling process in periodontium, the mechanisms of which remain obscure. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, play a pivotal role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. Under force stimuli, mechanosensitive ncRNAs with altered expression levels transduce mechanical load to modulate intracellular genes. These ncRNAs regulate the biomechanical responses of periodontium in the catabolic, anabolic, and coupling phases throughout OTM. To achieve this, down or upregulated ncRNAs actively participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, inflammatory, immune, and neurovascular responses. This review highlights the regulatory mechanism of fine-tuning ncRNAs in periodontium remodeling during OTM, laying the foundation for safe, precise, and personalized orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Zhao Z, Behm C, Tian Z, Rausch MA, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Cyclic tensile strain-induced yes-associated protein activity modulates the response of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sun C, Janjic Rankovic M, Folwaczny M, Stocker T, Otto S, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Effect of Different Parameters of In Vitro Static Tensile Strain on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Simulating the Tension Side of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031525. [PMID: 35163446 PMCID: PMC8835937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different magnitudes and durations of static tensile strain on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), focusing on osteogenesis, mechanosensing and inflammation. Static tensile strain magnitudes of 0%, 3%, 6%, 10%, 15% and 20% were applied to hPDLCs for 1, 2 and 3 days. Cell viability was confirmed via live/dead cell staining. Reference genes were tested by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and assessed. The expressions of TNFRSF11B, ALPL, RUNX2, BGLAP, SP7, FOS, IL6, PTGS2, TNF, IL1B, IL8, IL10 and PGE2 were analyzed by RT-qPCR and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ALPL and RUNX2 both peaked after 1 day, reaching their maximum at 3%, whereas BGLAP peaked after 3 days with its maximum at 10%. SP7 peaked after 1 day at 6%, 10% and 15%. FOS peaked after 3 days with its maximum at 3%, 6% and 15%. The expressions of IL6 and PTGS2 both peaked after 1 day, with their minimum at 10%. PGE2 peaked after 1 day (maximum at 20%). The ELISA of IL6 peaked after 3 days, with the minimum at 10%. In summary, the lower magnitudes promoted osteogenesis and caused less inflammation, while the higher magnitudes inhibited osteogenesis and enhanced inflammation. Among all magnitudes, 10% generally caused a lower level of inflammation with a higher level of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Sun
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.J.R.); (T.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.J.R.); (T.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Thomas Stocker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.J.R.); (T.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.J.R.); (T.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (C.S.); (M.J.R.); (T.S.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Salim C, Muders H, Jäger A, Konermann A. Role of chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) in mechanical stress protection of periodontal ligament cells. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:1-12. [PMID: 34735580 PMCID: PMC8766363 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The periodontal ligament (PDL) is exposed to constant mechanical forces potentiated by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) in mechanosensing and cellular adaption to forces in the PDL. Materials and methods Human PDL cells were loaded with 2.5, 5, and 10% of static mechanical strain for 24 h in vitro. Untreated cells served as controls. Gene expression of HSPA8, HSPB8, BAG3, STUB1, SYNPO2 was investigated via RT-qPCR (Quantitative reverse transcription PCR). Western blot evidenced protein expression of these molecules and of Filamin A. In vivo analyses of CASA were performed via immunohistochemistry on teeth with and without OTM. Results CASA machinery genes were inherently expressed in PDL cells and exhibited transcriptional induction upon mechanical strain. Protein analyses underlined these findings, even though modulation upon force exertion also demonstrated a decrease for some molecules and loading strengths. In vivo results evidenced again the uniform upregulation of HSPA8, HSPB8, BAG3, STUB1, SYNPO2 and Filamin A in teeth with OTM compared to controls. Experiments generally evidenced a pronounced variability in the expression between donors both on the gene and protein level. Conclusions Our study is the first to identify both the expression and functional relevance of CASA in the PDL. The data reflect its probable central role in adequate adaption to forces exerted by OTM and in mechanical stress protection of cells. Deeper knowledge of the CASA pathway will allow better assessment of predisposing factors regarding side effects during mechanical force application that can be used in orthodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Salim
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Muders
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Cyclic tensile strain affects the response of human periodontal ligament stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:609-622. [PMID: 34185172 PMCID: PMC8791913 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Orthodontic treatment in adult patients predisposed to mild or severe periodontal disease is challenging for orthodontists. Orthodontic malpractice or hyper-occlusal forces may aggravate periodontitis-induced destruction of periodontal tissues, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the combined effect of mechanical stress and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) was investigated. Materials and methods hPDLSCs from 5 healthy donors were treated with TNF-α and/or subjected to cyclic tensile strain (CTS) of 6% or 12% elongation with 0.1 Hz for 6- and 24 h. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and cell adhesion molecules VCAM and ICAM was analyzed by qPCR. The protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in conditioned media was measured by ELISA. The surface expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was quantified by immunostaining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Results TNF-α-induced IL-6 gene and protein expression was inhibited by CTS, whereas TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression was decreased at mRNA expression level but enhanced at the protein level in a magnitude-dependent manner. CTS downregulated the gene expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 under TNF-α stimulation, but the downregulation of the surface expression analyzed by flow cytometry was observed chiefly for VCAM-1. Conclusions Our findings show that mechanical force differentially regulates TNF-α-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules at the early stage of force application. The effect of cyclic tensile strain is complex and could be either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory depending on the type of pro-inflammatory mediators and force magnitude. Clinical relevance Orthodontic forces regulate the inflammatory mediators of periodontitis. The underlying mechanism may have significant implications for future strategies of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8.
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12
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Behm C, Nemec M, Weissinger F, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6967. [PMID: 34203475 PMCID: PMC8268288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs' ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Nemec
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
| | - Fabian Weissinger
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
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13
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:030801. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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14
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Behm C, Nemec M, Blufstein A, Schubert M, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. Interleukin-1β Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under In Vitro Simulated Static Orthodontic Forces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031027. [PMID: 33498591 PMCID: PMC7864333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) responds to applied orthodontic forces by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, in which human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) are largely involved by producing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their local inhibitors (TIMPs). Apart from orthodontic forces, the synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs is influenced by the aseptic inflammation occurring during orthodontic treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β is one of the most abundant inflammatory mediators in this process and crucially affects the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the presence of cyclic low-magnitude orthodontic tensile forces. In this study we aimed to investigate, for the first time, how IL-1β induced expression of MMPs, TIMPs and how IL-1β in hPDL-MSCs was changed after applying in vitro low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains in a static application mode. Hence, primary hPDL-MSCs were stimulated with IL-1β in combination with static tensile strains (STS) with 6% elongation. After 6- and 24 h, MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and IL-1β expression levels were measured. STS alone had no influence on the basal expression of investigated target genes, whereas IL-1β caused increased expression of these genes. In combination, they increased the gene and protein expression of MMP-1 and the gene expression of MMP-2 after 24 h. After 6 h, STS reduced IL-1β-induced MMP-1 synthesis and MMP-2 gene expression. IL-1β-induced TIMP-1 gene expression was decreased by STS after 6- and 24-h. At both time points, the IL-1β-induced gene expression of IL-1β was increased. Additionally, this study showed that fetal bovine serum (FBS) caused an overall suppression of IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Further, it caused lower or opposite effects of STS on IL-1β-induced expression. These observations suggest that low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains may favor a more inflammatory and destructive response of hPDL-MSCs when using a static application form and that this response is highly influenced by the presence of FBS in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Nemec
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria Schubert
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
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15
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Nazet U, Schröder A, Spanier G, Wolf M, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Simplified method for applying static isotropic tensile strain in cell culture experiments with identification of valid RT-qPCR reference genes for PDL fibroblasts. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:359-370. [PMID: 31352484 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) play an important mediating role in orthodontic tooth movement expressing various cytokines, when exposed to compressive or tensile strain. Here, we present a simplified and easy-to-handle, but reliable and valid method for simulating static isotropic tensile strain in vitro using spherical silicone cap stamps. Furthermore, we identify appropriate reference genes for data normalization in real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments on PDLF subjected to tensile strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLF were cultivated on flexible bioflex membranes and exposed to static isotropic tensile strain of different magnitudes and timeframes. We determined cell number, cytotoxicity, and relative expression of proinflammatory genes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). For normalization of RT-qPCR data, we tested the stability and validity of nine candidate reference genes with four mathematical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, comparative ΔCq, and BestKeeper) and ranked them based on their calculated expression stability. RESULTS We observed no decrease in cell number or cytotoxic effect at any of the applied magnitudes and timeframes of tensile strain. At 16 per cent and 35 per cent tensile strain for 48 hours, we detected a significant increase in COX-2 and decrease in IL-6 gene expression. Highest stability was found for TBP (TATA-box-binding protein) and PPIB (peptidylprolyl isomerase A) in reference gene validation. According to the geNorm algorithm, both genes in conjunction are sufficient for normalization. In contrast to all other candidate genes tested, gene expression normalization of target gene COX-2 to reference genes EEF1A1, RPL22, and RNA18S5 indicated no significant upregulation of COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS A strain magnitude of 16 per cent for 48 hours elicited the most distinct cellular response by PDLF subjected to static tensile isotropic strain by the presented method. TBP and PPIB in conjunction proved to be the most appropriate reference genes to normalize target gene expression in RT-qPCR studies on PDLF subjected to tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Nazet
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Zheng Z, Ao X, Li P, Lian Z, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Wang L. CRLF1 Is a Key Regulator in the Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:858. [PMID: 33072735 PMCID: PMC7533558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (HLF) is one of the common causes of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The key molecules and mechanisms responsible for HLF remain unclear. Here, we used an integrated transcriptome and proteomics analysis of human ligamentum flavum (LF), and subsequent immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR assays, to show upregulation of CRLF1 to be the dominant response to HLF. TGF-β1 significantly increased mRNA expression of CRLF1 through SMAD3 pathway. CRLF1 enhanced LF fibrosis via ERK signaling pathway at the post-transcriptional level and was required for the pro-fibrotic effect of TGF-β1. Knockdown of CRLF1 was shown here to reduce fibrosis caused by inflammatory cytokines and mechanical stress. Furthermore, we found that bipedal standing posture can cause HLF and upregulation of CRLF1 expression in mice LF. Overexpression of CRLF1 was indicated to cause HLF in vivo, whereas CRLF1 knockdown impeded the formation of HLF in bipedal standing mice. These results revealed a crucial role of CRLF1 in LF hypertrophy. We propose that inhibition of CRLF1 is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengnan Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopadics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Effects of sodium chloride on the gene expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts during tensile strain. J Orofac Orthop 2020; 81:360-370. [PMID: 32632652 PMCID: PMC8494687 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-020-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose During orthodontic tooth movement, pressure and tension zones develop in the periodontal ligament, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) become exposed to mechanical strain. Enhanced salt (NaCl) concentrations are known to modulate responses of PDLF and immune cells to different stimuli like mechanical strain. Here, we investigated the impact of tensile strain on the gene expression profile of PDLF under normal (NS) and high salt (HS) conditions. Methods After preincubation under NS or HS (+40 mM NaCl in medium) conditions for 24 h, PDLF were stretched 16% for 48 h using custom-made spherical cap silicone stamps using an established and published setup. After determination of cell number and cytotoxicity, we analyzed expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix reorganization, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and inflammation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Tensile strain did not affect the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis or extracellular matrix reorganization by PDLF, which however modulate inflammatory responses and bone remodeling in reaction to 16% static tensile strain. Salt (NaCl) treatment triggered enhanced extracellular matrix formation, expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and bone metabolism in PDLF during tensile strain. Conclusions Salt (NaCl) consumption may influence orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal bone loss via modulation of extracellular matrix and bone metabolism. Excessive salt intake during orthodontic therapy may cause adverse effects regarding periodontal inflammation and bone resorption.
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18
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Janjic Rankovic M, Docheva D, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Effect of static compressive force on in vitro cultured PDL fibroblasts: monitoring of viability and gene expression over 6 days. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2497-2511. [PMID: 31728735 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the impact of static compressive force (CF) application on human PDL-derived fibroblasts (HPDF) in vitro for up to 6 days on the expression of specific genes and to monitor cell growth and cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS CF of 2 g/cm2 was applied on HPDFs for 1-6 days. On each day, gene expression (cFOS, HB-GAM, COX2, IL6, TNFα, RUNX2, and P2RX2) and secretion (TNFα, PGE2) were determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Cell growth and cell viability were monitored daily. RESULTS In comparison with controls, significant upregulation of cFOS in compressed HPDFs was observed. HB-GAM showed no changes in expression, except on day 5 (P < 0.001). IL6 expression was significantly upregulated from day 2-5, reaching the maximum on day 3 (P < 0.001). TNFα expression was upregulated on all but day 2. COX2 showed upregulation, reaching the plateau from day 3 (P < 0.001) until day 4 (P < 0.001), and returning to the initial state till day 6. P2RX7 was downregulated on days 2 and 4 to 6 (P < 0.001). RUNX2 was downregulated on days 2 and 5 (both P < 0.001). Cells in both groups were proliferating, and no negative effect on cell viability was observed. CONCLUSION Results suggest high molecular activity up to 6 days, therefore introducing further need for in vitro studies with a longer duration that would explain other genes and metabolites involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extension of an established in vitro force application system for prolonged force application (6 days) simulating the initial phase of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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19
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Zhuang J, Wang Y, Qu F, Wu Y, Zhao D, Xu C. Gasdermin-d Played a Critical Role in the Cyclic Stretch-Induced Inflammatory Reaction in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2019; 42:548-558. [PMID: 30392072 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that cyclic stretch could induce inflammatory response such as pyroptosis and the release of IL-1β in human periodontal ligament cells, through activating inflammasome and related caspases. Though gasdermin-d (GSDMD) has been reported to be present in some inflammatory diseases and function as a crucial executioner of pyroptosis, the role of GSDMD in the stretch-induced inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) has not been well clarified. In this study, it was found that GSDMD was activated by cyclic stretch, and its activation affected the pyroptotic rate in HPDLCs, leading to the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 ultimately. In addition, GSDMD was found to be regulated by caspase-1 directly. Nevertheless, the exact relationship between inflammasomes and GSDMD in the stretch-induced inflammatory response still needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhuang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Tantilertanant Y, Niyompanich J, Everts V, Supaphol P, Pavasant P, Sanchavanakit N. Cyclic tensile force-upregulated IL6 increases MMP3 expression by human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104495. [PMID: 31377584 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclic tensile force (CTF) modulates physiological responses of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. PDL cells are mechanosensitive and are able to maintain tissue homeostasis; a process mediated by the expression of particular cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL6). It is unknown whether CTF-induced IL6 regulates the expression of MMPs, enzymes needed for tissue remodeling. DESIGN Human PDL cells were subjected to 10% elongation strain of CTF at a frequency of 60 rpm continuously for 6 h. RNA and proteins were extracted and analyzed for IL6 and MMP expression by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Using a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody and addition of recombinant human IL6 at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 ng.mL-1 were performed to clarify whether CTF-upregulated IL6 increased MMP expression. Inhibitors of intracellular signaling molecules were employed to reveal possible pathway(s) of IL6-induced MMP expression. RESULTS CTF-induced IL6 expression coincided with an increased MMP3 expression. A neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody attenuated the CTF-increased MMP3 expression, whereas stimulating the cells with recombinant human IL6 increased MMP3 expression. Both PI3K and MAPK pathways were essential in the IL6 induced expression of MMP3. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a role of CTF in the modulation of expression of IL6 and MMP3 and thus in the regulation of homeostasis and remodeling of the periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanee Tantilertanant
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jitti Niyompanich
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy and Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Neeracha Sanchavanakit
- Department of Anatomy and Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Grimm S, Wolff E, Walter C, Pabst AM, Mundethu A, Jacobs C, Wehrbein H, Jacobs C. Influence of clodronate and compressive force on IL-1ß-stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:343-350. [PMID: 31102041 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the effect of clodronate on interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß)-stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) with the focus on inflammatory factors of orthodontic tooth movement with and without compressive force. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPdLFs were incubated with 5 μM clodronate and 10 ng/mL IL-1ß. After 48 h, cells were exposed to 3 h of compressive force using a centrifuge. The gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), and the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP-1) was analyzed using RT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), IL-6, and TIMP-1 protein syntheses were quantified via ELISA. RESULTS Compressive force and IL-1ß induced an overexpression of COX-2 gene expression (61.8-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control), diminished by clodronate (41.1-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control). Clodronate slowed down the compression and IL-1ß induced IL-6 gene expression (161-fold vs. 85.6-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control). TNF-α was only slightly affected without statistical significance. Clodronate reduced IL-1ß-stimulated MMP-8 expression with and without compressive force. TIMP-1 on gene and protein level was downregulated in all groups. Analyzing the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio, the highest ratio was detected in IL-1ß-stimulated HPdLFs with compressive force (21.2-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control). Clodronate diminished IL-1ß-induced upregulation of MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio with (11.5-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control) and without (12.5-fold; p < 0.05 compared with control) compressive force. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a slightly anti-inflammatory effect by clodronate under compressive force in vitro. Additionally, the periodontal remodeling presented by the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio seems to be diminished by clodronate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reduction of pro-inflammatory factors and reduction of periodontal remodeling might explain reduced orthodontic tooth movement under clodronate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grimm
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Eva Wolff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas M Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelius Jacobs
- Department of Traumatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiner Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Jena, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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22
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Shi J, Folwaczny M, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Differences in
RUNX
2
and
P2
RX
7
gene expression between mono‐ and coculture of human periodontal ligament cells and human osteoblasts under compressive force application. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22:168-176. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University HospitalLMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany
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23
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Shi J, Baumert U, Folwaczny M, Wichelhaus A. Influence of static forces on the expression of selected parameters of inflammation in periodontal ligament cells and alveolar bone cells in a co-culture in vitro model. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2617-2628. [PMID: 30324573 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of human PDL-derived fibroblasts (HPDF) and human alveolar bone-derived osteoblasts (HABO) co-culture on the expression of cytokines involved in tissue remodeling using an in vitro compressive force (CF) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Static compressive force (CF) of 47.4 g/cm2 was applied on mono- and co-cultured HPDFs and HABOs for 1, 2, or 4 h at 30 °C. TNFA, PTGS2, and IL6 gene expressions were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. TNF, PGE2, and IL6 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In mono-culture, TNFA, PTGS2, and IL6 gene expressions were upregulated under CF as compared to controls for each time period in both cell types. PGE2 increased at 1 and 2 h in both cell types, and IL6 increased only at 2 and 4 h in HPDFs. Co-culture alleviated the force-induced increase of the expression of TNFA, PTGS2, IL6, PGE2, and IL6 in HPDFs at any time point. In HABOs, co-cultivation decreased the expression of PGE2 after 1 h and 4 h, and that of IL6 after 1 h compared to mono-culture. CONCLUSIONS CF application on co-cultures of HPDFs and HABOs causes significant changes of TNFA, PTGS2, and IL6 gene expressions and PGE2 and IL6 production in comparison to mono-culture indicating intercellular communication. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mechanical stimulation of HPDFs and HABOs in co-culture induces a different gene expression pattern than stimulation of individual cell types alone. Co-culture might therefore be a relevant method to elucidate periodontal regeneration during orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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24
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Expression of biological mediators during orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:170-186. [PMID: 30130671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present systematic review was to offer a timeline of the events taking place during orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to November 2017. All studies describing the expression of signaling proteins in the periodontal ligament(PDL) of teeth subjected to OTM or describing the expression of signaling proteins in human cells of the periodontal structures subjected to static mechanical loading were considered eligible for inclusion for respectively the in-vivo or the in-vitro part. Risk of bias assessment was conducted according to the validated SYRCLE's RoB tool for animal studies and guideline for assessing quality of in-vitro studies for in-vitro studies. RESULTS We retrieved 7583 articles in the initial electronic search, from which 79 and 51 were finally analyzed. From the 139 protein investigated, only the inflammatory proteins interleukin(IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 and prostaglandin(PG)-E2, osteoblast markers osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor(RUNX)2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK)1/2 are investigated in 10 or more studies. CONCLUSION The investigated proteins were presented in a theoretical model of OTM. We can conclude that the cell activation and differentiation and recruitment of osteoclasts is mediated by osteocytes, osteoblasts and PDL cells, but that the osteogenic differentiation is only seen in stem cell present in the PDL. In addition, the recently discovered Ephrin/Ephs seem to play an role parallel with the thoroughly investigated RANKL/OPG system in mediating bone resorption during OTM.
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25
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Zhao D, Wu Y, Zhuang J, Xu C, Zhang F. Activation of NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes contributed to cyclic stretch-induced pyroptosis and release of IL-1β in human periodontal ligament cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68292-68302. [PMID: 27626170 PMCID: PMC5356555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have been reported to be present in periodontal inflammatory tissue, but the exact role of inflammasomes in periodontal inflammatory reactions especially those related to mechanical stimulations has not been clarified. In this study, it was shown that cyclic stretch activated the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 1 and 3 (NLRP1 and NLRP3) inflammasomes and induced the release of IL-1β and pyroptosis via a caspase-1-related mechanism in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). This study firstly demonstrated that activation of NLRP inflammasomes contributed to the stretch-induced inflammatory response in HPDLCs. As inflammasomes have been reported to be involved in both programmed cell death and inflammation, further studies are required to elucidate the exact roles and signaling pathway of inflammasomes in stretch-induced periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Zhuang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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26
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Wu Y, Zhuang J, Zhao D, Zhang F, Ma J, Xu C. Cyclic stretch-induced the cytoskeleton rearrangement and gene expression of cytoskeletal regulators in human periodontal ligament cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:507-516. [PMID: 28681629 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1347823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the stretch-induced cell realignment and cytoskeletal rearrangement by identifying several mechanoresponsive genes related to cytoskeletal regulators in human PDL cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS After the cells were stretched by 1, 10 and 20% strains for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 or 24 h, the changes of the morphology and content of microfilaments were recorded and calculated. Meanwhile, the expression of 84 key genes encoding cytoskeletal regulators after 6 and 24 h stretches with 20% strain was detected by using real-time PCR array. Western blot was applied to identify the protein expression level of several cytoskeletal regulators encoded by these differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The confocal fluorescent staining results confirmed that stretch-induced realignment of cells and rearrangement of microfilaments. Among the 84 genes screened, one gene was up-regulated while two genes were down-regulated after 6 h stretch. Meanwhile, three genes were up-regulated while two genes were down-regulated after 24 h stretch. These genes displaying differential expression included genes regulating polymerization/depolymerization of microfilaments (CDC42EP2, FNBP1L, NCK2, PIKFYVE, WASL), polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules (STMN1), interacting between microfilaments and microtubules (MACF1), as well as a phosphatase (PPP1R12B). Among the proteins encoded by these genes, the protein expression level of Cdc42 effector protein-2 (encoded by CDC42EP2) and Stathmin-1 (encoded by STMN1) was down-regulated, while the protein expression level of N-WASP (encoded by WASL) was up-regulated. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed the cyclic stretch-induced cellular realignment and rearrangement of microfilaments in the human PDL cells and indicated several force-sensitive genes with regard to cytoskeletal regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Zhuang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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27
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Jacobs C, Schramm S, Dirks I, Walter C, Pabst A, Meila D, Jacobs C, Wehrbein H. Mechanical loading increases pro-inflammatory effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate in human periodontal fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:901-907. [PMID: 28688092 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is increasing evidence that inflammation and biomechanical loading can influence the effects of bisphosphonates (BP). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tensile strain application combined with IL-1ß and clodronate or zoledronate on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPdLF were cultured with 10 nM IL-1ß and 5 μM clodronate or zoledronate for 48 h. Cells were applied to cyclic tensile strain (CTS; 3% elongation) for 12 h in vitro. Cell number was analyzed directly after CTS by MTT assay. Gene expression of receptor activator of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was investigated using real-time PCR. MMP-8, TIMP-1, and PGE2 were measured by ELISA. Statistics were performed with SPSS (ANOVA, p < 0.05). RESULTS Zoledronate reduced the cell number of HPdLF (60.3 vs. 100%), which was significant when combined with IL-1ß. Combined with 3% CTS, this effect was voided and cell number increased over the level of the control cells. IL-1ß led to a 10-fold increase of COX-2 gene expression. Combined with CTS and zoledronate, this increase was enhanced to a gene expression 70-fold that of control cells with related PGE2 synthesis. Clodronate neither reduce the cell number nor enhanced the COX-2 gene expression. CTS increased MMP-8 protein synthesis. Combined with BP, this increase was voided. TIMP-1 protein synthesis was increased at all conditions under CTS. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical loading might activate cell metabolism and abolish BP- and inflammation-induced reduction of viability. Combination of mechanical loading, inflammation, and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates can cause pro-inflammatory effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontal inflammation should be treated initially before BP intake to prevent decreased cell viability of the periodontium and increased inflammation, which might be enhanced by the addition of mastication forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Schramm
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Dirks
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dan Meila
- Department of Radiology, MH-Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelius Jacobs
- Department of Traumatology, Medical Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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28
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Wada S, Kanzaki H, Narimiya T, Nakamura Y. Novel device for application of continuous mechanical tensile strain to mammalian cells. Biol Open 2017; 6:518-524. [PMID: 28302667 PMCID: PMC5399557 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, the periodontal ligament (PDL) is exposed to continuous mechanical strain. However, many researchers have applied cyclic tensile strain, not continuous tensile strain, to PDL cells in vitro because there has been no adequate device to apply continuous tensile strain to cultured cells. In this study, we contrived a novel device designed to apply continuous tensile strain to cells in culture. The continuous tensile strain was applied to human immortalized periodontal ligament cell line (HPL cells) and the cytoskeletal structures of HPL cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of both inflammatory and osteogenic markers was also examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The osteogenic protein, Osteopontin (OPN), was also detected by western blot analysis. The actin filaments of HPL cells showed uniform arrangement under continuous tensile strain. The continuous tensile strain increased the expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α, and osteogenic genes such as RUNX2 and OPN in HPL cells. It also elevated the expression of OPN protein in HPL cells. These results suggest that our new simple device is useful for exploring the responses to continuous tensile strain applied to the cells. Summary: Continuous tensile strain from the device changed the cell morphology and increased the expression of inflammatory and osteogenic gene. These effects were similar to those in the PDL during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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29
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Cyclic-stretch induces apoptosis in human periodontal ligament cells by activation of caspase-5. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Nogueira AVB, de Molon RS, Nokhbehsaim M, Deschner J, Cirelli JA. Contribution of biomechanical forces to inflammation-induced bone resorption. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 44:31-41. [PMID: 27716969 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of biomechanical loading to inflammation-induced tissue destruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 144 adult Holtzman rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: control (C), ligature-induced periodontal disease (P), orthodontic movement (OM), and combination group (OMP). On days 1, 3, 7, and 15, following baseline, nine animals from each experimental group were killed. Bone volume fraction (BVF) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using micro-computed tomography. Expression and synthesis profile of cytokines and receptors of inflammation in gingival tissues were evaluated by PCR array assay and multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS At 15 days, the OMP group presented a significantly (p < 0.05) lower BVF and BMD levels when compared to all the other groups. The OMP group presented the highest number of upregulated protein targets in comparison to the other groups. Furthermore, the gene expression and protein levels of CCL2, CCL3, IL-1β, IL1-α, IL-18, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the OMP group when compared to the P group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, mechanical loading modulates the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues to periodontal disease by increasing the expression of several pro-inflammatory mediators and receptors, which leads to increased bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Scaf de Molon
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Nettelhoff L, Grimm S, Jacobs C, Walter C, Pabst AM, Goldschmitt J, Wehrbein H. Influence of mechanical compression on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:621-9. [PMID: 26243456 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the changes in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs) and osteoblasts (HOBs) after the application of compressive force (CF) at two different strengths in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPdLF and HOB were exposed to CF with various strengths (5 and 10 %) using a Flexercell Compression Unit for 12 h in vitro. Viability was detected via 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis rate by transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) was analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were quantified by an ELISA. RESULTS Ten percent CF decreased viability, particularly in HOBs, but did not induce increased apoptosis. ALP gene expression increased the most after 5 % CF in HPdLFs and after 10 % CF in HOB. OCN was not affected by CF in either cell line. The highest RANKL/OPG ratio was measured after 5 % CF in both cell lines. OPN was upregulated in HOB by 5 %. HPdLFs showed an upregulation of MMP-8-synthesis and an increased MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS HOBs have a greater effect on bone remodeling through the upregulation of OPN, whereas HPdLFs facilitate orthodontic tooth movement by influencing the extracellular matrix via the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio. CLINICAL RELEVANCE High CF in orthodontics should be avoided to prevent tissue damage, whereas moderate CF enables active tissue remodeling and tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nettelhoff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Grimm
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - C Walter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - A M Pabst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Goldschmitt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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32
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Cyclic stretch induced gene expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:447-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Biomechanical loading modulates proinflammatory and bone resorptive mediators in bacterial-stimulated PDL cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:425421. [PMID: 24976684 PMCID: PMC4058179 DOI: 10.1155/2014/425421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro whether biomechanical loading modulates proinflammatory and bone remodeling mediators production by periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in the presence of bacterial challenge. Cells were seeded on BioFlex culture plates and exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 and/or cyclic tensile strain (CTS) of low (CTSL) and high (CTSH) magnitudes for 1 and 3 days. Synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was evaluated by ELISA. Gene expression and protein secretion of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. F. nucleatum increased the production of COX2 and PGE2, which was further increased by CTS. F. nucleatum-induced increase of PGE2 synthesis was significantly (P < 0.05) increased when CTSH was applied at 1 and 3 days. In addition, CTSH inhibited the F. nucleatum-induced upregulation of OPG at 1 and 3 days, thereby increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. OPG and RANKL mRNA results correlated with the protein results. In summary, our findings provide original evidence that CTS can enhance bacterial-induced syntheses of molecules associated with inflammation and bone resorption by PDL cells. Therefore, biomechanical, such as orthodontic or occlusal, loading may enhance the bacterial-induced inflammation and destruction in periodontitis.
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Andrukhov O, Andrukhova O, Hulan U, Tang Y, Bantleon HP, Rausch-Fan X. Both 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 reduces inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90301. [PMID: 24587317 PMCID: PMC3938673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Vitamin D3 is an important hormone involved in the preservation of serum calcium and phosphate levels, regulation of bone metabolism and inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D3 metabolism might play a role in the progression of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 25(OH)D3, which is stable form of vitamin D3 in blood, and biologically active form 1,25(OH)2D3 on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by cells of periodontal ligament. Commercially available human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPdLF) and primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPdLC) were used. Cells were stimulated with either Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or heat-killed P. ginigvalis in the presence or in the absence of 25(OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations of 10-100 nM. Stimulation of cells with either P. gingivalis LPS or heat-killed P. gingivalis resulted in a significant increase of the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in gene as well as in protein levels, measured by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The production of these pro-inflammatory mediators in hPdLF was significantly inhibited by both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose-dependent manner. In primary hPdLCs, both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 but have no significant effect on the IL-6 production. The effect of both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 was abolished by specific knockdown of vitamin D3 receptor by siRNA. Our data suggest that vitamin D3 might play an important role in the modulation of periodontal inflammation via regulation of cytokine production by cells of periodontal ligament. Further studies are required for better understanding of the extents of this anti-inflammatory effect and its involvement in the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OA); (XR-F)
| | - Olena Andrukhova
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulamnemekh Hulan
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Restorative Science, School of Dentistry, Health Science University of Mongolia, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Yan Tang
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hans-Peter Bantleon
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Oral Biology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Orthodontics, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OA); (XR-F)
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Moergel M, Kämmerer P, Kasaj A, Armouti E, Alshihri A, Weyer V, Al-Nawas B. Chronic periodontitis and its possible association with oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective case control study. Head Face Med 2013; 9:39. [PMID: 24321243 PMCID: PMC4029401 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-9-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Different inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between radiological determined chronic periodontitis (CPA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods In a retrospective study, OSCC-patients and a control group without malignant tumors were radiographically examined for bone loss. Via telephone survey and questionnaire, general clinical data on the individual oral hygiene and concomitant diseases together with tobacco and alcohol use were assessed and data were compared between the groups. Results 178 OSCC-patients and 123 controls were included. In univariate analysis, a statistically relevant higher mean bone loss was seen in the OSCC group (4.3 mm (SD: 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4-4.6) vs. 2.9 mm (SD: 0.7; 95% CI: 2.8-3); p < 0.001)). This was confirmed in a multivariate regression model (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8; p < 0.001). A history of periodontal treatment was associated with significantly reduced OSCC risk (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2, CI: 0.1-0.5). Conclusions CPA is a common disease and the monitoring as well as the treatment of such a chronic oral inflammation may be beneficial in reducing one potential cause of OSCC. Therefore, further clinical studies on oral neoplasms should consider clinical periodontal parameters as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Moergel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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